自定义本地仓库
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[edit] 新方法 (repo-add)
Pacman 3 引入了一个新的脚本名为repo-add，它可以较为容易的生成你自己的软件仓库。请输入repo-add --help获取详细使用说明。
这个脚本很容易运行，也很容易更新你的数据库。只要将仓库里你所需的包都放在一个目录下，然后执行下面命令：
repo-add /path/to/repo.db.tar.gz *.pkg.tar.gz
'repo'是你自定义仓库的名字，最后一个参数表示将所有pkg.tar.gz文件加入到你的仓库，因此要小心──如果你的目录里的包有多个版本，无法知道哪个会被放入仓库。
要加入新的包并且删除可能存在的旧包，只需要运行：
repo-add /path/to/repo.db.tar.gz packagetoadd-1.0-1-i686.pkg.tar.gz
如果仓库里有某个你不需要的包，可以使用repo-remove命令。
[edit] 旧方法 (Repository from ABS tree)
This describes how to create your own pacman repository from a personalized ABS tree, containing only those PKGBUILDs that you want to be included in your personal repository. This is useful for creating a local repository or for creating a custom repository for packages that are not included in the official repositories.
Run gensync and read the command line options. In short, the parameters are the root of PKGBUILDs, sorted in subdirectories (ie. like the ABS tree), the intended name and location of the repository database file, and the directory containing the binary packages.
Create an ABS tree to work with. You can do this using the command abs if you want to create a modified copy of the usual abs tree, or you can create a tree manually. Stick to the rule that each PKGBUILD resides in its own directory (whether it is an official PKGBUILD or one you created yourself). If you are modifying an official abs repository, remove any abs directories that you do not want to include in the final repository.
Save all binary packages for the packages you wish to create a repository for to a particular directory (/home/arch/i686/core for example). You can create the binaries using makepkg, or you could download them with pacman, depending on your situation.
run gensync supplying the correct parameters. As an example:
gensync /var/abs /home/arch/i686/core/core.db.tar.gz /home/arch/i686/core
would build a repository for the core repository if it is stored in /home/arch/i686/core. The name of the db.tar.gz file is the name of the repository you will be creating. It is customary to use the same name for the directory that holds the packages.
Use:
tar tzf core.db.tar.gz || less
to verify that the database contains the correct packages.
[edit] Alternative Python way
[edit] 一个可供选择的Python方法
这个脚本可以让你不需要ABS而用一个包含包的目录创建你的仓库。它会列出不满足的依赖关系（尽管此刻它会忽略版本号），而且它可以用一种比较原始的方式过滤那些关系以忽略一些特定的集（例如，忽略在/var/lib/pacman/local中的包）。该脚本的一个近期版本，就像在larch/pacin用到的，可以在http://four.fsphost.com/gradgrind获得。 This script makes a repository from a directory containing packages, without needing ABS. It also lists unsatisfied dependencies (though at the moment it ignores version numbers), and can filter these in a fairly primitive way, to ignore a certain set (e.g. to ignore the packages in /var/lib/pacman/local). A later version of this script, as used in larch/pacin, may be available at http://four.fsphost.com/gradgrind.
#!/usr/bin/env python
# gen_repo.py - build a repository db file from a set of packages
#
# Author: gradgrind <mt.42-at-web.de>
#
# This file is part of the larch project.
#
# larch is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# larch is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with larch; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
import os
import os.path
import shutil
import sys
import tarfile
import md5
from types import *
import re
# Regex to remove version comparison from package dependency
onlyname = re.compile("([^=><]+).*")
def create_db(dbname, packagesdir, dep_ignore_list):
os.chdir(packagesdir)
# Open tar archive for db
dbtar = tarfile.open(dbname + ".db.tar.gz", "w:gz")
# Get a list of packages
packages = filter(lambda s: s.endswith(".pkg.tar.gz"), os.listdir("."))
packages.sort()
# Make a dict for keeping track of dependencies
dep_dict = {}
if os.path.isdir(dbname): shutil.rmtree(dbname)
os.mkdir(dbname, 0755)
for p in packages:
pkg_dict = get_pkg_info(p)
pkg_name = pkg_dict["pkgname"]
pkg_dbname = pkg_name + "-" + pkg_dict["pkgver"]
pkg_dir = os.path.join(dbname, pkg_dbname)
os.mkdir(pkg_dir, 0755)
mkdesc(pkg_dir, pkg_dict)
mkdepends(pkg_dir, pkg_dict)
# Add dependency info to dependency dict
for d in pkg_dict["depend"]:
# But also need to cater for versioning!!!
# I will just ignore it here ...
dm = onlyname.match(d)
if not dm:
if d:
print "DEBUG: package %s, dependency = '%s'" % (pkg_name, d)
continue
d = dm.group(1)
if not dep_dict.has_key(d):
dep_dict[d] = [False]
dep_dict[d].append(pkg_name)
# Mark packages provided by this one
for p in (pkg_dict["provides"] + [pkg_name]):
if dep_dict.has_key(p):
dep_dict[p][0] = True
else:
dep_dict[p] = [True]
dbtar.add(pkg_dir, pkg_dbname)
# Mark packages in ignore list
for p in dep_ignore_list:
if dep_dict.has_key(p):
dep_dict[p][0] = True
# Close db tar archive
dbtar.close()
# Remove directory structure
shutil.rmtree(dbname)
# Now display unstaisfied dependencies
# Should add the possibility of declaring a list of packages
# available (e.g. the base set, or all those on the live CD ..."
print "-------------\nUnsatisfied dependencies:"
for d, r in dep_dict.items():
if not r[0]:
print " ", d, "- needed by: ",
for p in r[1:]:
print p, " ",
print ""
def get_pkg_info(pkg):
tf = tarfile.open(pkg, "r:gz")
pkginfo = tf.extractfile(".PKGINFO")
pkg_dict = {# the first ones go to 'desc'
"pkgname" : None,
"pkgver" : None,
"pkgdesc" : None,
# from here they are optional, and can occur more than once
"group" : [],
"replaces" : [],
# the rest go to 'depends'
"depend" : [],
"conflict" : [],
"provides" : [],
}
while True:
l = pkginfo.readline().strip()
if not l: break
if l[0] == "#": continue
split3 = l.split(None, 2)
while len(split3) < 3: split3.append("")
key, eq, value = split3
if not pkg_dict.has_key(key): continue
val = pkg_dict[key]
if val == None:
pkg_dict[key] = value
continue
if not isinstance(val, ListType):
print "Unexpected situation ...\n key [oldvalue] <- newvalue"
print key, "[%s]" % val, "<-", value
sys.exit(1)
pkg_dict[key].append(value)
pkginfo.close()
pkg_dict["md5sum"] = md5sum(pkg)
pkg_dict["csize"] = str(os.path.getsize(pkg))
return pkg_dict
def mkdesc(pkg_dir, pkg_dict):
f = open(os.path.join(pkg_dir, "desc"), "w")
f.write("%NAME%\n" + pkg_dict["pkgname"] + "\n\n")
f.write("%VERSION%\n" + pkg_dict["pkgver"] + "\n\n")
f.write("%DESC%\n" + pkg_dict["pkgdesc"] + "\n\n")
f.write("%CSIZE%\n" + pkg_dict["csize"] + "\n\n")
f.write("%MD5SUM%\n" + pkg_dict["md5sum"] + "\n\n")
groups = pkg_dict["group"]
if groups:
f.write("%GROUPS%\n")
for g in groups:
f.write(g + "\n")
f.write("\n")
replaces = pkg_dict["replaces"]
if replaces:
f.write("%REPLACES%\n")
for r in replaces:
f.write(r + "\n")
f.write("\n")
f.close()
def mkdepends(pkg_dir, pkg_dict):
f = open(os.path.join(pkg_dir, "depends"), "w")
depends = pkg_dict["depend"]
if depends:
f.write("%DEPENDS%\n")
for d in depends:
f.write(d + "\n")
f.write("\n")
conflicts = pkg_dict["conflict"]
if conflicts:
f.write("%CONFLICTS%\n")
for c in conflicts:
f.write(c + "\n")
f.write("\n")
provides = pkg_dict["provides"]
if provides:
f.write("%PROVIDES%\n")
for p in provides:
f.write(p + "\n")
f.write("\n")
def md5sum(filepath):
f = file(filepath, 'rb')
m = md5.new()
while True:
d = f.read(8192)
if not d:
break
m.update(d)
f.close()
return m.hexdigest()
def cat(path):
"""Python version of 'cat'"""
fp = open(path, "r")
op = ""
for l in fp:
op += l
fp.close()
return op
def usage():
print """
genrepo.py package-dir [repo-name] [-- ignore-list]
Generate a pacman db file for the packages in package-dir.
If repo-name is given, this will be used as the name for the repository,
otherwise the name of the directory containing the packages will be used.
All dependencies of the packages in the repository will be listed to
standard output, but a list of packages not to be included in this list
can be specified:
ignore-list should be either a file containing the names of packages
not to be listed as dependencies (separated by space or newline), or a
directory containing 'package directories', like /var/abs/base or
/var/lib/pacman/local
"""
sys.exit(1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
if os.getuid() != 0:
print "Must be root to run this"
sys.exit(1)
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
usage()
pkgdir = sys.argv[1]
if (len(sys.argv) == 2) or (sys.argv[2] == "--"):
dbname = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(pkgdir))
i = 2
else:
dbname = sys.argv[2]
i = 3
if len(sys.argv) == i:
ignore_list = []
elif (len(sys.argv) == i+2) and (sys.argv[i] == "--"):
ignore_list = sys.argv[i+1]
else:
usage()
if not os.path.isdir(pkgdir):
print "\n1st argument must be a directory"
sys.exit(1)
print "\nCreating pacman database (%s.db.tar.gz) file in %s" % (dbname, pkgdir)
i = raw_input("Do you want to do this? [Y/n] ").strip()
if i and (i[0] not in "Yy"):
print " -> Not creating package db"
sys.exit(0)
if ignore_list:
# Get list of packages to be ignored in dependency list
if os.path.isfile(ignore_list):
# A simple file containing the names of packages to ignore
# separated by space or newline.
ignore_list = cat(ignore_list).split()
elif os.path.isdir(ignore_list):
# A directory containing packages or package-directories (like in abs)
l = os.listdir(ignore_list)
# See if there are packages in this directory
lp = filter(lambda s: s.endswith(".pkg.tar.gz"), l)
if lp:
l = map(lambda s: s.replace(".pkg.tar.gz", ""), lp)
re1 = re.compile("(.+)-[^-]+?-[0-9]+")
ignore_list = []
for f in l:
m = re1.match(f)
if m:
ignore_list.append(m.group(1))
else:
print "!!! Invalid ignore-list"
usage()
create_db(dbname, pkgdir, ignore_list)
[edit] 结束语
一旦你建立了一个本地仓库，就可以把它加入到你的pacman.conf里。仓库的取名使用db.tar.gz的文件名。你可以直接用file://（至少3.2.0版可能需要file:///home/...才能正常工作） url来指向它，或者通过ftp来访问ftp://localhost/path/to/directory.
注意：我曾经为了正常安装而将一个本地仓库里的包的名字改为以'-i686.pkg.tar.gz'结尾。
如果你有能力而且有意愿，可以将你的用户仓库加入到我们的非官方用户仓库列表中，好让其他用户可以查找和安装你的包。