GNOME (简体中文)

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[edit] 什么是 GNOME?

GNOME 项目为您提供两个东西：GNOME桌面环境，为用户提供易用且有吸引力的桌面；和GNOME开发平台，用于开发应用程序的多功能开发环境，由此开发的程序可集成于GNOME桌面中。

[edit] 如何安装 GNOME 桌面

Before installing GNOME Desktop make sure you have updated pacman itself by 

pacman -Syu

Followed by 

pacman -Syy

This will bypass the error which is encountered while installing gnome-media package that depends on gstreamer0.10-gconf but its not there in the package list with the pacman out of the box version. An update is necessary prior to installation of GNOME.

To install the base GNOME Desktop, type the following at a command prompt: 

pacman -S gnome

To install the rest of the GNOME Desktop (highly recommended, see Gnome Tips), type the following at a command prompt: 

pacman -S gnome-extra

To start the correct processes at system startup, edit the file /etc/rc.conf and add "portmap", "fam" and "hal" to the DAEMONS=() line.

您可以键入以下命令，安装 GNOME 基本桌面： 

pacman -S gnome

键入下面命令安装 GNOME 桌面的余下部分（强烈推荐）： 

pacman -S gnome-extra

在系统启动时要起用合适的进程，需要修改/etc/rc.conf，在DAEMONS=()这一行里，加入“portmap”，“fam”，“hal”。(hal 会自动启动 dbus, 所以没有必要再添加 dbus 到 DAEMONS)

[edit] 运行 GNOME 桌面

要从命令行环境启动 GNOME，可运行： 

gnome-session

如果您在$HOME/.xinitrc中加入这一行：（必须保证该文件中只此一行以“exec”打头） 

exec gnome-session

To make it a global setting which has effect on all users in stead of only one, in stead of $HOME/.xinitrc add the line to the file /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc: 

exec gnome-session

Note: Only needed for gnome 2.14, gnome 2.16 and up do this for you: 

exec dbus-launch --exit-with-session /opt/gnome/bin/gnome-session

GNOME 将会由此命令启动。 

startx


[edit] GDM (GNOME Display Manager, GNMOE 显示管理器)

您需要安装 GDM 来使用图形登录界面。要安装GDM，您需要在命令行环境下发出下面命令： 

pacman -S gdm

To make the graphical login the default method of logging into the system, add gdm to your list of daemons in /etc/rc.conf 修改 /etc/inittab ，以使系统默认采用图形登录方式：

  1. 修改此行 (若没有，就加上它)
    id:3:initdefault:
    to
    id:5:initdefault:
  2. 修改此行 (若没有，就加上它)
    x:5:respawn:/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon
    to
    x:5:respawn:/opt/gnome/sbin/gdm -nodaemon

如果您习惯使用 $HOME/.xinitrc，xmodmap 或是 xsetroot 这些文件来配置启动X，您就应该把这些文件中的配置用的命令放入 $HOME/.xprofile里。我的 .xprofile 文件是这样的：

If you are used to using the $HOME/.xinitrc file to pass arguments to the x server when it is started, such as xmodmap or xsetroot, you should note that you can add the same commands to the $HOME/.xprofile file. My .xprofile looks like this: 


#!/bin/sh

#
# ~/.xprofile
#
# Executed by gdm at login
#

xmodmap -e "pointer = 1 2 3 6 7 4 5"  #set mouse buttons up correctly
xsetroot -solid black                 #sets the background to black

You can configure GDM (for changing default theme for example) in System->Administration->Login Window. Or you can use this command (as root) : 

gdmsetup


要了解更多关于图形登录的信息，请参阅 这个很棒的网页。

[edit] 其它提示和小技巧

[edit] 在登录 GNOME 时，打开数字键盘锁

  1. 安装 numlockx
    pacman -Sy numlockx
  2. 在登录时启动 numlockx
    1. 选择 Desktop -> Preferences -> Sessions
    2. 选择“启动程序”标签栏 （如果您发现没有“启动程序”这个栏，请直接修改本文）
    3. 点击“添加”按钮
    4. 在启动命令选择框里，加入 /usr/bin/numlockx
    5. 把次序设为 55

[edit] 获得 系统->屏幕锁定 功能

  1. 进入 系统->锁住屏幕
  2. 开启一个或多个屏幕保护程序
  3. 现在点击屏幕锁定，将会启动屏幕保护程序，并提示要求输入密码。

[edit] Nautilus

打开地址栏 

control + L

[edit] browser mode

不喜欢Nautilus默认的spatial模式? 那么打开gconf-editor，编辑apps/nautilus/preferences，将always_use_browser的值改为“true”。


[edit] 常见问题

[edit] 电脑崩溃了，gnome启动不来

解决办法: delete ~/.gnome2/session

[edit] 面板不能正常工作

Sourced from this forum page

Solution: Clean out your gnome config with the command. THIS WILL REMOVE ALL YOUR GNOME CONFIGS. 

rm -rf .gnome* .gconf*

[edit] GDM 启动不了

如果你收到这个错误信息: "The greeter application appears to be crashing. Attempting to use a different one"

一个可能的原因是 /tmp 权限设置有问题。用root权限，输入命令: 

chmod 1777 /tmp


[edit] GNOME lags

If opening programs in GNOME takes an unusual long time. You may be able to fix this by editing /etc/hosts and adding your host name. 

 nano /etc/hosts

Now, you should add the host name you have defined in /etc/rc.conf or your network profile if you have one (if you don't know, you probably don't).

The /etc/hosts file usually looks like this: 

 #
 # /etc/hosts: static lookup table for host names
 #
 
 #<ip-address>   <hostname.domain.org>   <hostname>
 127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain   localhost
 
 # End of file

Add your host name (in this example the host name `example_hostname' was picked) to the end of the line which starts with `127.0.0.1'. Now it looks like this: 

 #
 # /etc/hosts: static lookup table for host names
 #
 
 #<ip-address>   <hostname.domain.org>   <hostname>
 127.0.0.1               localhost.localdomain   localhost example_hostname
 
 # End of file

Done.

[edit] 一些关于 GNOME 链接

[edit] Arch Wiki 链接

[edit] 外部链接

Retrieved from "http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME_%28%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%29"
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