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[edit] Arch 的原則與哲學

This page attempts to describe the principles and philosophy of Arch Linux. There once was no written document about the Arch Way; most likely that will never happen again.

簡單地說, the Arch Way stands for:

• freedom of choice
• 保持簡單
• emphasis on learning rather than automation
• 優雅

and

• user-control

[edit] 原則

我 ， Judd Vinet ， 因為兩個理由開始了Arch 的建造：

1. 我找不到一個發行版本符合我的想法。某些已經很接近的，卻帶有惱人的怪辟或者不必要的複雜特性，它們提供的壞處似乎比好處還多呢；
2. 為了樂趣 - 為了給自由軟體社群回饋 -- 我從他們那兒得到的是這麼的多。

從本質來說， Arch 是:

• 輕巧而且簡單的。 注意，這句話並不是針對所有人說的…

• 它不是設計給新手用的發行版本； 它針對較有經驗的使用者。 The aim is to develop Arch into as nearly a perfect base as is humanly possible. A base doesn't include fancy tools and auto configuration mechanisms, but rather contains manual configuration tools and few functions, for the users to further develop and/or learn on their own.

• 免費的禮物, 再一次, "…為了給自由軟體社群回饋 -- 我從他們那兒得到的是這麼的多"。當你自別人那兒獲得了禮物，總會想要回饋些什麼。也因為如此，我們歡迎使用者貢獻他們的點子、工具以及建議。

• Aware there are two sides which contribute to Arch Linux: Developers and Users. Don't expect the two sides to merge, but to have a mutual relationship whereby anyone can pick up what they want to add to their machine; our GOALs are to:

• NOT let configure tools / GUIs control the system, but that they be controlled by the user. There is nothing wrong with GUIs as long as they follow this principle.

• NOT be controlled by or dependent on what tools offer. When developing or selecting a utility tool, it should be written in a hackable/readable programming language (KISS) to enable users to modify it if they so choose.

• The core development of Arch Linux will NOT be providing any "newbie-friendly" GUIs/utilities at any time in the near future.

• Arch Linux 核心環境的開發，在不久的將來一段時間內不會提供任所謂「友善新手」的 圖形介面 或工具程式。

• 我們這些卑微的開發者們將持續地提供 Arch 成為每個人腳下穩固的基石。如果你想讓它更好， give 'er a rip. Free speech, free beer, and all that.

[edit] 哲學

Arch 開發時所遵循的價值系統：

• KISS (保持簡單, ...) is the basis of Arch development. A fundamentally elegant design yields the most effective, configurable and efficient system.

• 對 Arch 來說，「簡單」並非其如他發行版本所指的那樣。在我們的哲學裡，學習比讓某些變容易要來得重要。

• 依賴圖形介面來建立並使用系統，最後的結果等於是在傷害使用者。 總有一天使用者會需要知道那些在圖形介面下隱藏的所有東西。

• If you try to hide the complexity of the system, you'll end up with a more complex system. Instead, try to make the system simpler and more logical from the inside.

• Sooner or later, you'll have to find the information on the web and usenet (if man is not enough). Learning how and where to find it on the net should be the first thing a newbie has to learn.

• Where some users say "...such and such distro isn't like so and so distro," Arch allows the user to make all the contributions they want as long as it doesn't go against the ideals of the design or philosophy.

• Arch Linux is different from the others: at Arch, the user isn't the only concern. Minimizing development of new tools and docs while maximizing understanding of Linux' inner workings, while keeping a watchful eye always on the "KISS" aim and philosophy of Arch Linux in general...is what makes the "Arch Way" truly different.

• The great thing about contributions is that you don't need anyone's permission to make them. (See?) No one can physically stop you from writing something that you (personally) find useful, even if the "powers that be" don't see it as a blessing. Write it and put it up in the User Contributions forum. If other people like it, you'll receive feedback. If virtually everyone out there hates it but you, you'll receive feedback, for sure - but who cares? It took you 20 minutes to write, and you learned something along the way. It's a winning situation no matter what.

• It is what you make it.

[edit] 評語

看看使用者們對 Arch 怎麼說：

• "I did a distro taste test with zenwalk(slack based), debian, Redhat fedora, redhat Enterprise, T2, freebsd, netbsd, gobolinux, and SUSE. Arch won in a close one over FreeBSD. Why? It was simple to get up n running with X, packages were VERY current and simple to install, and I didn't have to wait all day for something to compile, but my apps are compiled i686 so they are fast. Updates of whole box did not squash apps as Redhat seemed to. To me as a linux admin I am looking to bring up box, and for home use X, and then be able to add apps and libraries as I see fit. Once the box is up, hand it off to developers, or develop on it myself. Other distros had a lame package system, out of date packages, and simply had no docs to config their systems without a GUI. Arch provides the shortest step from A to B. To read more of why I stick with Arch read the section: Arch v other distros."

• "After spending a lot of time with other distributions (debian, gentoo, mandrake, redhat, fedora, slackware) and even FreeBSD. I think that I finally found the distribution I was looking for."

• Same thing with (k)ubuntu, Mandriva, and several others. Well, openSUSE is nice and easy (that's the one I would advice for my sister); but Arch is the One which really *rocks*.

• "I have tried several distros and even took (tired?) RHCE (took it BACK?), but there was always something I disliked about each."

• "My dream distro was always the simplicity of Slackware with real dependency support like Debian's, and guess what - that's Arch."

• "I also found Arch my final distro."

• "After trying out almost all the available distributions, I have to agree that Arch is the best."

• "Hi all. I just registered here so I could report all the problems I'm having, and ask for help. Funny thing is, I HAVE NO PROBLEMS!!! I really can't believe this, but everything is just working! I installed Arch today, had a little trouble with xorg and sound setup, but found all the answers I needed in the documentation and the forums!"

• "I tried Mandrake, Yoper, FC3/4, Mepis and Ubuntu. I was looking for the perfect distro. I am glad that I found Arch."

• "I've always been looking for an easy-to-use distribution that didn't bloat the system and was customizable without breaking the system. After trying so many distributions, I found Arch Linux the way to go. And best of all, it's like using my very first distro (Slackware), but with benefits like Pacman and KDEmod."

• "I've been playing around with Archlinux, and I've fallen in love with it, simply because it offers the same customization options without the micromanaging required by [my last distro]. Props to the Arch team!"

• "For years I'd been playing around with every distro I could get my hands on--Gentoo, SuSE, OpenSuSE, RH, Fedora, Debian, U/Ku/Xubuntu, Slackware, Knoppix, DSL, and Sabayon. I've probably reformatted my harddrive a dozen dozen times. A month ago I found Arch. Sure, I'd heard about it. Sure, everyone who'd used it loved it. I figured it was time to give it a go. At first, truthfully, I was put off by, upon booting up from install, being left to fend for myself at the command line. It was scary. I realized that the truth is, for a debidiot like myself, Arch is linux nirvana. I've been using it for a week and I've learned more than I have in years with every other distro. I think I've found my home."

• "After muddling around with Knoppix, Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora Core, and Damn Small, I found the distro that finally gave me the power of customization that I wanted without leaving me in the dark with hundreds of config values or wasted hours that I would run into with Gentoo. Arch Linux blends simplicity with power without limiting the user, and that's a combination to watch out for. It's become my favorite distro, and I practically swear by it."

[edit] PROS and CONS

[edit] PROS

• 針對 i686 最佳化。
• pacman: '系統升級' 本身就一道指令: "pacman -Syu"
• pacman: 無需 X/GUI 就能做相依性控管。
• ABS: package-building 功能只要做一次就可以了 - 要為套件製作別種的版本是極容易的。
• ABS: 您只要用一道指令就能重編機器上所有的套件。
• 完全照您的需要為套件更新，完全地可客製化。
• the people behind the scenes are gentle, motivated and able
• 不到 20 分鐘就能建好一個功能完整的系統。
• 提供一個學習 Linux 的完美環境。
• 由於知道的人太少，真的很不流行。 (still relevant?)
• rolling release cycle - no large boring distribution upgrades

[edit] CONS

• pacman: needs a fast internet connection to stay always up-to-date easily (less of a problem as time marches forward)
• 在使用最新函式庫時存在某些衝突現象 ("bleeding edge")
• 缺乏對新手友善的特性。
• very little hardware detection (relevant?)
• info files are almost always way more detailed than man-pages (gcc.info e.g.)
• 由於知道的人太少，真的很不流行 。