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2024-03-29T10:53:08Z
User contributions
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch_Linux_(Portugu%C3%AAs)&diff=9387
Arch Linux (Português)
2006-03-11T17:53:14Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Deutsch|ArchLinux (Deutsch)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|ArchLinux}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Français|ArchLinux (Français)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Português do Brasil|ArchLinux_(Português_do_Brasil)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|繁體中文|ArchLinux (繁體中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|ArchLinux (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Русский|ArchLinux (Русский)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
<br />
= O que é Arch Linux? =<br />
<br />
Arch Linux é uma '''distribuição linux otimizada para i686''' que foi baseada originalmente em idéias vindas de CRUX, uma notável distribuição desenvolvida por Per Lidén.<br />
<br />
== Vantagens ==<br />
Arch é rápida, leve, flexível e simples. Estas não são palavras de impacto muito boas, mas são todas verdadeiras. Arch é otimizada para o processador i686, assim você tem mais por seus ciclos de cpu. Ela é leve se comparada à RedHat e outras, e o seu projeto simples faz com que ela seja facilmente extendida e moldada a qualquer tipo de sistema que você esteja construindo.<br />
<br />
== Gerenciamento de pacotes único ==<br />
Ela tem como retaguarda um sitema de pacotes binários fácil de usar - [[pacman]] - que permite atualizar o sistema todo com um comando apenas. Arch também usa um sistema de construção de pacotes tipo ports (Arch Build System [Sistema de Construção Arch]) para facilitar a construção de pacotes pelo usuário, o qual pode também ser sincronizado com um único comando. Tudo é feito de forma simples e transparente.<br />
<br />
== Apenas o melhor ==<br />
O Arch Linux se esforça por manter as últimas versões estáveis do seu software. No momento suportamos um conjunto de pacotes principais bastante atualizada com uma crescente coleção de pacotes extra criados por usuários e desenvolvedores do AL.<br />
<br />
== Simplicidade é a chave ==<br />
Em seu objetivo de ser simples e leve, foram retiradas as partes de relativamente pouco uso dos sistemas linux, coisas como /usr/doc e paginas info. Pela minha própria experiência estas são raramente utilizadas, e informação equivalente pode ser obtida na Internet se necessário. Páginas man de ponta a ponta...<br />
<br />
== Ferramentas modernas ==<br />
O Arch Linux também se esforça por usar algumas das mais novas caractrísticas disponíveis para os usuários Linux, como suporte a Ext3/ReiserFS e udev. Arch Linux 0.7 (Wombat) usa kernel linux 2.6 por padrão, e tem suporte a XFS/JFS.<br />
<br />
== Literatura adicional ==<br />
A homepage do Arch está em http://www.archlinux.org/, onde se pode encontrar links para o fórum de usuários, documentação oficial, e tudo o mais que é o Arch. Você pode também ler o [[TheArchWay]] para compreender um pouco mais do jeito do Arch.<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch_Linux_(%E6%AD%A3%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=9386
Arch Linux (正體中文)
2006-03-11T17:52:54Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Deutsch|ArchLinux (Deutsch)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|ArchLinux}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Français|ArchLinux (Français)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Português do Brasil|ArchLinux_(Portugues_do_Brasil)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|繁體中文|ArchLinux (繁體中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|ArchLinux (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Русский|ArchLinux (Русский)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
{{translateme}}<br />
<br />
= 什麼是 Arch Linux? =<br />
<br />
Arch Linux 是個專為 '''i686 微處理器最佳化過的 linux distribution (套件發行版)'''。Arch Linux 一開始是取用 CRUX 的核心思想,CRUX 是一套由 Per Lidén 開發,很棒的 Linux distribution。<br />
<br />
== Arch Linux 的優勢 ==<br />
<br />
Arch 的特點是fast, lightweight, flexible 和 simple (快速,輕巧,可塑性高和簡易)。這幾個形容詞看起來可能一點也不吸引人,但是至少他們都很正確的描寫出 Arch Linux 的特點。因為 Arch 特別針對 i686 微處理器做過最佳化,所以你可得到 CPU 在每個 cycle 內所能提供的最大的效用。與 RedHat 等其他的 Linux 套件發行版相比,Arch 顯得輕巧多了,同時 Arch 的簡單設計 (simple design) 也讓使用者可以輕易的幫他擴展功能並把他塑造為符合您的需求的系統。<br />
<br />
== 獨一無二的套件管理模式 ==<br />
<br />
This is backed by an easy-to-use binary package system - [[pacman]] - that allows you to upgrade your entire system with one command. Arch also uses a ports-like package build system (Arch Build System) to make it easy to build packages, which can also be synchronized with one command. Oh yea, and you can rebuild your entire system with one command, too. Everything is done quite simply and transparently.<br />
<br />
== 只取最好的 ==<br />
<br />
Arch Linux strives to maintain the latest stable version of its software. We currently support a fairly streamlined core package set with a growing collection of extra packages made by users and AL developers.<br />
<br />
== 簡單就是美 ==<br />
<br />
In its goal to be simple and lightweight, I've left out the relatively useless portions of a linux system, things like /usr/doc and the info pages. In my own personal experience these are rarely used, and the equivalent information can be obtained from the net if need be. Man pages all the way...<br />
<br />
== 最新的工具與技術 ==<br />
<br />
Arch Linux also strives to use some of the newer features that are available to Linux users, such as Ext3/ReiserFS and udev support. Arch Linux 0.7 (Wombat) uses the 2.6 linux kernel by default, and has support for XFS/JFS.<br />
<br />
== 其他參考資料 ==<br />
<br />
Arch 的官方網站在 http://www.archlinux.org/ 。在官方網站上你也可以找到其他相關資源的連接,例如官方提供的使用者論壇(請注意,這是由使用者自行管理,掛在官方網站下的論壇 - 很多官方開發者並不會直接參與裡面的討論),官方的文件和其他連接。你也可以參閱 [[TheArchWay]] 這一篇文章以獲得更多關於 Arch 與 Arch 背後的哲學思想的資訊。<br />
<br />
== 中文方面的資料 ==<br />
<br />
中文方面的資料目前可分為繁體中文(台灣)和簡體(中國)兩部分。<br />
<br />
繁體中文的部分主要是由 [http://cle.linux.org.tw CLE] 來負責。目前提供的資源有官方 ftp 的 mirror,一個討論區和一個 wiki 來作中文方面得資源整合。<br />
<br />
簡體中文主要是由 [http://www.linuxsir.org Linuxsir] 來負責。目前提供了一個入口網頁作中文資源整合,和一個討論區。<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch_Linux_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=9383
Arch Linux (简体中文)
2006-03-11T17:52:13Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Deutsch|ArchLinux (Deutsch)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|ArchLinux}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Français|ArchLinux (Français)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Português do Brasil|ArchLinux_(Portugues_do_Brasil)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|繁體中文|ArchLinux (繁體中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|ArchLinux (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Русский|ArchLinux (Русский)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
= Arch Linux 是什么? =<br />
<br />
Arch Linux 是个 '''针对 i686 优化的 linux 发行版''' 最初灵感源于 Per Lidén 开发的一个非常不错的 CRUX 发行版。<br />
<br />
== 优势 ==<br />
Arch 基本理念是快速、轻巧、弹性与简单。这并非华而不实的行话,他们都是事实。Arch 是为 i686 处理器优化的, 所以可以为你取得更多的cpu cycle(快速)。他相较于 RedHat 或是其他的 Linux 而言是轻巧的, 而且简单的设计使他富有弹性并且可以成为任何你想建立的系统的模型。<br />
<br />
== 特有的包管理 ==<br />
通过可以轻松使用的二进制包系统 - [[pacman]] - 一个命令就让您升级整个系统。Arch 同时也拥有一个类似 ports 的包构建系统(Arch Build System),通过它可以轻松构建软件包。它也是一个命令就可完成同步。哦,是的,您也可以用一个命令重新构建(rebuild)整个系统。所有事情都是在一个非常简单、明了的情况下完成的。<br />
<br />
== 只要最好的 ==<br />
Arch Linux 的使用者和发展者也很有效率的支持维护 current 与 extra 集,让Arch Linux的软件维持在最新的稳定版。<br />
<br />
== 简单是关键 ==<br />
Arch 要达到的目标是简单和轻巧,我已经省去于 linux 系统无用的相关部分,比如 /usr/doc 和 info pages。按我个人经验,这些都是没多大用处的,而且真的需要时,可以从网络上获取等价的信息。Man panges 就足够了...<br />
<br />
== 时髦的工具 ==<br />
Arch Linux 努力采用用户可以使用的更新的特性,比如 Ext3/ReiserFS 和 udev 等。Arch Linux 0.7 (Wombat) 缺省使用 2.6 的 linux 内核,而且支持 XFS/JFS。<br />
<br />
== 进一步了解 ==<br />
Arch 的主页在 http://www.archlinux.org/ ,在那里您可以找到 [http://bbs.archlinux.org 用户论坛]的链接,官方文档,和所有其他 Arch 相关的东西。也可以通过阅读 [[TheArchWay]] 来了解更多相关知识。<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch_Linux_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=9382
Arch Linux (简体中文)
2006-03-11T17:52:05Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Deutsch|ArchLinux (Deutsch)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|ArchLinux}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Français|ArchLinux (Français)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Português do Brasil|ArchLinux_(Portugues_do_Brasil)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|繁體中文|ArchLinux (繁體中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|ArchLinux (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Русский|ArchLinux (Русский)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
= Arch Linux 是什么? =<br />
<br />
Arch Linux 是个 '''针对 i686 优化的 linux 发行版''' 最初灵感源于 Per Lidén 开发的一个非常不错的 CRUX 发行版。<br />
<br />
== 优势 ==<br />
Arch 基本理念是快速、轻巧、弹性与简单。这并非华而不实的行话,他们都是事实。Arch 是为 i686 处理器优化的, 所以可以为你取得更多的cpu cycle(快速)。他相较于 RedHat 或是其他的 Linux 而言是轻巧的, 而且简单的设计使他富有弹性并且可以成为任何你想建立的系统的模型。<br />
<br />
== 特有的包管理 ==<br />
通过可以轻松使用的二进制包系统 - [[pacman]] - 一个命令就让您升级整个系统。Arch 同时也拥有一个类似 ports 的包构建系统(Arch Build System),通过它可以轻松构建软件包。它也是一个命令就可完成同步。哦,是的,您也可以用一个命令重新构建(rebuild)整个系统。所有事情都是在一个非常简单、明了的情况下完成的。<br />
<br />
== 只要最好的 ==<br />
Arch Linux 的使用者和发展者也很有效率的支持维护 current 与 extra 集,让Arch Linux的软件维持在最新的稳定版。<br />
<br />
== 简单是关键 ==<br />
Arch 要达到的目标是简单和轻巧,我已经省去于 linux 系统无用的相关部分,比如 /usr/doc 和 info pages。按我个人经验,这些都是没多大用处的,而且真的需要时,可以从网络上获取等价的信息。Man panges 就足够了...<br />
<br />
== 时髦的工具 ==<br />
Arch Linux 努力采用用户可以使用的更新的特性,比如 Ext3/ReiserFS 和 udev 等。Arch Linux 0.7 (Wombat) 缺省使用 2.6 的 linux 内核,而且支持 XFS/JFS。<br />
<br />
== 进一步了解 ==<br />
Arch 的主页在 http://www.archlinux.org/ ,在那里您可以找到 [http://bbs.archlinux.org 用户论坛]的链接,官方文档,和所有其他 Arch 相关的东西。也可以通过阅读 [[TheArchWay]] 来了解更多相关知识。<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Window_manager&diff=9378
Window manager
2006-03-11T17:51:25Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Window Manager]]<br />
[[Category:Desktop Environment]]<br />
<br />
==Window Managers, Desktop Environments and X==<br />
Linux is like a stack of papers, it is layered. Different layers do different things. The bottom layer is the Kernel, it is the core, manages memory and provides an interface to devices. It does much more, but that is out of the scope of this faq.<br />
<br />
Above that is X, the X Window System, X11. X is the blank canvas of an artist. It provides simply the ability for GUI applications to run. It not only provides the screen, but the ability for programs to receive and interpret key presses, mouse movements and clicks. Programs which run on X are 'X Clients', they connect to the X Server, it gives them the screen real estate, and they start.<br />
<br />
On top of X can go Window managers and Desktop Environments.<br />
<br />
==What are Window Managers==<br />
Window managers (WM) are X Clients which provide the border around the window. The WM, controls how an app looks, border, titlebar, size of a window and the ability to resize a window. Many Window managers provide other things like, places to stick dockapps (http://www.dockapps.org), a menu to start programs, menus to configure the WM and other usefull things. [[Fluxbox]] for example has the ability to tab windows.<br />
<br />
Window managers generally don't provide things like desktop icons. These are commonly seen in Desktop Environments, though it is possible to have icons in a WM through another program (http://idesk.timmfin.net/).<br />
<br />
Because of the lack of 'extras' WMs are much lighter on system resources.<br />
<br />
==What are Desktop Environments==<br />
Desktop Environments (DE) are different to the Window Manager in the fact they provide much more, a whole environment. DEs are a bringing together of a range of different X clients, including a Window manager, often a panel for applets, starters and menus, icons and an integrated file manager are common. For a WM, [[Gnome]] uses Metacity by default and [[KDE]] inludes its own KWin. These WMs can be changed.<br />
<br />
DEs are much easier to use but are unfortunately heavier on system resources.<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Screen_capture&diff=9377
Screen capture
2006-03-11T17:51:14Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Desktop]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Taking a Screenshot}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|屏幕抓图}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
An easy way to take a screenshot of your curent system is using the import command:<br />
import -window root screenshot.jpg<br />
<br />
import is part of the imagemagick package.<br />
<br />
If you run twinview or dualhead, simply take the screenshot twice and use imagemagick to paste them together:<br />
import -window root -display :0.0 -screen /tmp/0.png<br />
import -window root -display :0.1 -screen /tmp/1.png<br />
convert +append /tmp/0.png /tmp/1.png screenshot.png<br />
rm /tmp/{0,1}.png<br />
<br />
There are also several other ways to do this.<br />
You could use the application called scrot or it might be a overkill but you also can take screenshots with gimp (File -> Acquire -> Screenshot ...).<br />
<br />
If you use KDE, you might want to use ksnapshot, and if you use Gnome, you can just press the <Prt Scr> key.<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User:Pholie&diff=9376
User:Pholie
2006-03-11T17:50:59Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>==Wiki-migration pages==<br />
<br />
[[LinuxTag2005]]<br><br />
[[Lm_sensors]]<br><br />
[[Local_Mirror]]<br><br />
[[Local_repository_HOW-TO]]<br><br />
[[LogitechMXDuo]]<br><br />
[[Ltmodem_drivers]]<br><br />
[[Making_a_custom_package_cd]]<br><br />
[[Making_separate_KDE_packages]]<br><br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Udev_(%E6%AD%A3%E9%AB%94%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=9374
Udev (正體中文)
2006-03-11T17:50:35Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{translateme}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:System Configuration (繁體中文)]]<br />
[[Category:System Maintenance (繁體中文)]]<br />
[[Category:Hardware (繁體中文)]]<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Udev}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Русский|Udev (Русский)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|繁體中文|Udev (繁體中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
其他關於 '''udev''' 的資訊可以參考下面的連接 :<br />
* http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev-FAQ<br />
* http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=5702&start=0<br />
<br />
從 initscripts 0.7 版開始, Arch 正式支援 Udev. 要在 Arch 內使用 Udev, 你的系統必須符合下面幾個要求:<br />
* initscripts v 0.7 或是更新的版本<br />
pacman -Qs initscripts<br />
* kernel version 2.6.x<br />
uname -r<br />
<br />
要把系統轉換到 Udev 下,你需要執行下列幾個步驟.<br />
<br />
==== 修改系統的 kernel 啟動命令列 ====<br />
Arch 的 kernels 目前 (2.6.13 以前的版本) 在預設的狀況下會自動採用 devfs. 你必須修改系統啟動的命令, 加上 "devfs=nomount" 來告訴系統不要再繼續使用 devfs 了 :<br />
<br />
GRUB: /boot/grub/menu.lst<br />
kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/discs/disc0/part3 ro devfs=nomount<br />
<br />
LILO: /etc/lilo.conf<br />
boot=/dev/hdx append="devfs=nomount"<br />
(不要忘記在修改完畢後執行 /sbin/lilo)<br />
<br />
接著你必須確定你的 bootloader 不再繼續使用 devfs 對硬碟分割區的命名規則:<br />
<pre>udev DevFS <br />
-----------------------------------<br />
/dev/fd0 /dev/floppy/0 <br />
/dev/hda /dev/discs/disc0/disc <br />
/dev/hdb2 /dev/discs/disc1/part2<br />
/dev/hda3 /dev/discs/disc0/part3</pre><br />
<br />
所以, 在 grub 內, 以上面的例子作為範例, 正確的 kernel 命令列應該是<br />
kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/hda3 ro devfs=nomount<br />
<br />
請注意 : 從 kernel 2.6.13 版開始, devfs 的支援已經在預設的狀況下被取消了. 所以如果你使用的 kernel 版本是 2.6.13 或是更新的版本, 你就不需要在 kernel 命令列上再指定 <code>devfs=nomount</code> 這個選項了<br />
<br />
====安裝 udev 套件====<br />
pacman -S udev<br />
<br />
====編輯 /etc/fstab====<br />
請先把 sysfs 這一行設定註解掉,然後 "usbdevfs" 這一行設定必須改為使用 "usbfs" (在同一行內有兩個地方要修改). 最後, 請檢查 /etc/fstab 內是否一行設定包含了 /dev/shm 這個指定. 在編輯完 /etc/fstab 後,上面提到的這幾行應該看起來如同下面列出的一般 :<br />
#sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0<br />
usbfs /proc/bus/usb usbfs defaults 0 0<br />
none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0<br />
none /dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0<br />
你可能還需要把 /etc/fstab 這個檔案內的其他設定也依照上面的解釋一併修正,以符合 udev 的命名規則.<br />
<br />
Make sure you use the /dev/hda1 format and not /dev/discs/disc0/part1 in /etc/fstab or you will get a false report of corrupt disk on booting.<br />
<br />
====重新開機====<br />
<br />
大功告成, 系統轉換完畢.<br />
<br />
=====警告 : 無法開啟一個 initial console=====<br />
如果你的系統在開機載入核心時當機並出現下面這一行警告訊息<br />
WARNING: Unable to open an initial console<br />
<br />
* 拿出你的 ArchLinux 安裝光碟然後用他來開機<br />
* 掛載上你的 root 硬碟分割區 (例如 : "mount /dev/discs/disc0/part3 /mnt")<br />
* 鍵入 chroot 轉移到新的掛載目錄上 (例如 : "chroot /mnt")<br />
* 用下面的指令在 /dev 下建立缺少的 static nodes (靜態節點) :<br />
<br />
cd /dev<br />
mknod -m 660 console c 5 1<br />
mknod -m 660 null c 1 3<br />
<br />
These nodes are required for starting Udev. You might have both/only one of them/none missing.<br />
<br />
More information [http://webpages.charter.net/decibelshelp/LinuxHelp_UDEVPrimer.html#consnull here].<br />
<br />
===== 系統一直連續重啟不停 =====<br />
如果你的系統一直不停的連續重啟, 你可能需要把 menu.lst 裡面的下面這一行移除 :<br />
<br />
devfs=nomount<br />
<br />
然後當系統啟動完畢後, 請在終端機模式的命令列下鍵入:<br />
<br />
/sbin/migrate-udev<br />
<br />
現在,你可以再把 devfs=nomount 這一行放回 menu.lst 這個檔案內然後重新啟動系統. 這應該可以解決系統連續重啟的問題.<br />
<br />
==== 使用者自訂 Udev====<br />
When udev starts up, it will read all .rules files in '''/etc/udev/rules.d/'''. When udev is adding a device node, it reads these rules files in lexicographical order until it finds a match. That means that if you need any customizations, you should create a file that is lexicographically-less than the default file, '''udev.rules'''. It is the Arch custom to use '''00.rules''' for customizations, but obviously you can be more creative if you wish.<br />
<br />
You should not edit the '''/etc/udev/rules.d/udev.rules''' file yourself, as it is used by the developers to improve the default ruleset for new users. If you need to tweak a rule from the default ruleset, just copy the line(s) and paste them into a '''00.rules''' file.<br />
<br />
==== 下面這一部份只適用於 udev >= 053====<br />
===== 編輯權限和規則 =====<br />
The latest version of udev has some upstream changes in the configuration layout.<br />
<br />
Permissions and user/group ownership are no longer defined in separate files -- instead they are specified within the rules file itself. Look at /etc/udev/rules.d/udev.rules for examples.<br />
<br />
This means that any custom permissions need to be moved into a rules file like /etc/udev/rules.d/udev.rules or /etc/udev/rules.d/00-my.rules. The old files in etc/udev/permissions.d/ have no effect anymore and can be removed.<br />
<br />
See the udev(8) manpage for more information on writing rules. The files in etc/udev/permissions.d/ have no effect anymore and can be removed.<br />
<br />
The normal user shouldn't need to define new rules, all you have to do is to add the user to the right groups in /etc/group:<br />
gpasswd -a <username> video<br />
gpasswd -a <username> audio<br />
gpasswd -a <username> optical<br />
gpasswd -a <username> floppy<br />
gpasswd -a <username> storage<br />
gpasswd -a <username> scanner<br />
<br />
關於 group 權限的解說 :<br />
<pre><br />
video: enable tv cards, framebuffer devices (not! graphic cards they belong to users group)<br />
audio: get access to sound devices and rtc<br />
optical: allow burning and ripping from cd/dvd devices<br />
floppy: allow formating and partitioning on floppy devices<br />
storage: allow formating and partitioning on removable storage devices, like usbsticks or usb harddrives.<br />
scanner: allow using the scanner devices<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Symlinks of cd/dvd devices are done automatically and should fit your needs.<br />
<br />
已知的問題:<br />
* 如果你更新到 udev >=053 同時系統無法辨識你的 usb 拇指碟,請記得從新開機,然後一切應該都會恢復正常了<br />
<br />
==== 下面的部分只適用於 udev <= 050 ====<br />
===== 編輯權限和規則 =====<br />
<br />
The ruleset used by Udev is located in /etc/udev/*. If you modify them, be sure to add the files to a NoUpgrade rule in your pacman.conf.<br />
<br />
It may be easier, however just to create your own rules and permissions files. Udev behavior for a given device is governed by the first rule it finds that matches that device. By using a prefix of '00-' (those are zeros not 'oh's) on your files, you can make sure that your rules are seen first. The file name must end in either .rules or .permissions, otherwise it is ignored.<br />
<br />
An example permissions file (/etc/udev/permissions.d/00-myrules.permissions):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# audio devices<br />
dsp*:root:users:0660<br />
audio*:root:users:0660<br />
midi*:root:users:0660<br />
mixer*:root:users:0660<br />
sequencer*:root:users:0660<br />
sound/*:root:users:0660<br />
snd/*:root:users:0660<br />
beep:root:users:0660<br />
admm*:root:users:0660<br />
adsp*:root:users:0660<br />
aload*:root:users:0660<br />
amidi*:root:users:0660<br />
dmfm*:root:users:0660<br />
dmmidi*:root:users:0660<br />
sndstat:root:users:0660<br />
<br />
# disk devices for having access to audioripping and burning<br />
hdc:root:users:660<br />
hdd:root:users:660<br />
<br />
# v4l devices for tv and radio cards<br />
video*:root:users:0660<br />
radio*:root:users:0660<br />
winradio*:root:users:0660<br />
vtx*:root:users:0660<br />
vbi*:root:users:0660<br />
video/*:root:users:0660<br />
vttuner:root:users:0660<br />
v4l/*:root:users:0660<br />
<br />
# scsi devices, for scsi scanners or cd writers<br />
sg*:root:users:0660<br />
pg*:root:users:0660<br />
cdwriter:root:users:0660<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Some other notes<br />
* SOUND<br> If you cannot get any sound out of your boxes, although you have configured your permissions right, try running alsaconf as root that adds some aliases to modprobe.conf and use a mixer like alsamixer to check if not any "special" feature like 3D Sound or something else is activated and check the volumes too. After that add to your rc.conf modules list:<br> snd-card-0 snd-pcm-oss <br> and it should be done.<br />
* CDROMS<br> If you want to access your cdrom for audioripping or cdburning you must change the permissions of the \"real\" disc device (eg hd*). Changing the permissions on symlinks won't work.<br />
* MODEMS<br> ttyS* needn't to be set if pppd is run suid root<br />
* PRINTING<br> For printing nothing has to be changed. cups runs as root.<br />
* HARDDISKS & USB-STICKS<br>usb-sticks and harddisks usually have an entry in fstab and so if "users" is set in fstab no problem with that<br />
* USBSCANNERS<br> usbscanners don't need to be changed. Most scanner applications use libusb which does not talk to the device nodes. You have to set up hotplug properly to get the scanners to work. if they worked before they should work with udev too.<br />
<br />
<br />
==== Symlinking devices====<br />
this is only an example but it should be clear how it works. Add this at the /etc/udev/rules.d/00-myrules.rules:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# cdrom/cdrw links<br />
KERNEL="hdc", SYMLINK="dvd"<br />
KERNEL="hdd", SYMLINK="cdrom cdrecorder"<br />
#important for modem users, change to ttyS1 if serial port 2 is used<br />
KERNEL="ttyS0", SYMLINK="modem"<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
to check if your symlinks work or to restart udev:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
/sbin/udevstart<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
更多關於規則的設定的資料請參閱:<br><br />
http://www.reactivated.net/udevrules.php<br />
<br />
==相關資料==<br />
*[[Using udev to map multiple entries to a device]]<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=SANE&diff=9373
SANE
2006-03-11T17:50:12Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Scanner]]<br />
<br />
* [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html Link]..Check if the package sane supports your scanner. Sane provides a library, a commandline-tool, ... to use scanners under linux.<br />
<br />
* Open a root-terminal.<br />
<br />
* Install the package ''sane'' by typing "pacman -S sane".<br> Users that need to use a scanner should be part of the group ''scanner''. You can change the additional groups of a user with the command ''usermod'', for example:<br />"usermod -G additionalGroup1,additionalGroup2 username".<br />
<br />
* Try to see if sane recognizes your scanner by typing "scanimage -L". If not, check if your scanner is plugged into the computer, ...<br />
<br />
==begin firmware-section==<br />
This section is only needed if your firmware needs to be uploaded to your scanner.<br />
<br />
* You need to put the firmware-file for your scanner onto your harrdrive.<br />
<br />
I suppose you need to extract the file from your Windows/Mac-install-cd for your scanner. If you use the windows-CD, you maybe need to get the file from an .exe-file. <br />
<br />
If the .exe-file is a zip, you can do "unzip .exe-file", but before you can do this, you need to have the package ''unzip'' installed. If this works, it can be that the firmware-file is inside a .cab-file/archive. To extract the contents from a .cab-archive, you need to have the package ''cabextract'' installed. You can use the program ''cabextract'' to extract the contents from a .cab-archive. If you don't have an install-CD, you may find the install-software on the website of the manufacturer of your scanner.<br />
<br />
If you have found it, place it somewhere on your harddrive. I made a directory ''firmware'' in the ''/usr/share/sane''-directory and placed it there. Be sure that memebers of the group ''scanner'' can access this file.<br />
<br />
* If needed, [http://www.sane-project.org/sane-supported-devices.html (supported devices)]] find the name of the backend that sane uses to give instructions to your scanner. Open the file ''<backend-name>.conf'' in the directory ''/etc/sane.d'' in a text-editor. Uncomment the firmware-entry and let the file-path point to where you put the firmware-file for your scanner. Be sure that members of the group ''scanner'' can access the ''<back-end>.conf-file''.<br />
<br />
<br />
Normally, everything should be ok know I think. (What about hotplug and firmware-upload?)<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Startup_files&diff=9372
Startup files
2006-03-11T17:49:55Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
== If you want to startup your computer to a DM(Desktop Manger. Like XDM, GDM, Entrance) or to a shell ==<br />
<br />
open /etc/inittab<br />
<br />
change the last line in the file to the DM of your choice.<br />
<br />
examples:<br />
<pre><br />
x:5:respawn:/opt/e17/sbin/entranced -nodaemon<br />
x:5:respawn:/opt/gnome/sbin/gdm -nodaemon<br />
x:5:respawn:/usr/X11R6/bin/xdm -nodaemon<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Then you can set the first line in inittab to 5 to startup a DE as default or 3 to startup a shell(usually /bin/bash, you can set it by using chsh) as default.<br />
<br />
example:<br />
<pre><br />
id:5:initdefault:<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can also specify this one on GRUB cmd-line when you bootup by adding 'init single' (to not load any modules) 'init 3' or 'init 5'.<br />
<br />
== After INIT X on startup ==<br />
''explanation'': after you see INIT 3 (or5) when you startup your computer but before you have logged in: this file /etc/rc.local executes.<br />
<br />
== When /bin/bash is being used (through xterm or as login shell etc..) ==<br />
~/.bashrc executes and set's all the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES for itself. You can put whatever you want here if you want it to startup each time you open an xterm etc.<br />
<br />
== if you run startx or xinit ==<br />
~/.xinitrc executes<br />
<br />
== XDM ==<br />
From the xdm man page:<br />
<pre><br />
First, the xdm configuration file should be set up. Make a directory<br />
(usually /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm) to contain all of the relevant files.<br />
<br />
Here is a reasonable configuration file, which could be named xdm-con-<br />
fig:<br />
<br />
DisplayManager.servers: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xservers<br />
DisplayManager.errorLogFile: /var/log/xdm.log<br />
DisplayManager*resources: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xresources<br />
DisplayManager*startup: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xstartup<br />
DisplayManager*session: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/Xsession<br />
DisplayManager.pidFile: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xdm/xdm-pid<br />
DisplayManager._0.authorize: true<br />
DisplayManager*authorize: false<br />
<br />
Note that this file mostly contains references to other files. Note<br />
also that some of the resources are specified with ``*'' separating the<br />
components. These resources can be made unique for each different dis-<br />
play, by replacing the ``*'' with the display-name, but normally this<br />
is not very useful. See the Resources section for a complete discus-<br />
sion.<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Note that these can also be in ~/.Xstartup and ~/.Xresources<br />
<br />
== DE startup files ==<br />
''explanation'': when you launch a DE, these files startup things for you.<br><br />
<br />
=== XFCE, GNOME, KDE ===<br />
~/Desktop/Autostart/*<br />
=== KDE ===<br />
~/.kde/Autostart<br />
=== Fluxbox === <br />
~/.fluxbox/startup<br />
<br />
== Arch Specific ==<br />
/etc/rc.conf: Among other things executes modules and the daemons(scripts) inside /etc/rc.d/ at bootup before you have logged in<br><br />
/etc/rc.d/* - configured deamons for the system.<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
make sure the various startup files have execute permissions for your user. here's an example.<br />
<pre><br />
chmod a+rwx name-of-startup-file<br />
</pre><br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Resizing_an_NTFS_partition&diff=9371
Resizing an NTFS partition
2006-03-11T17:49:47Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Installation]]<br />
Most sytems that are purchased already have [[Windows XP]] installed on it, and most people would prefer not wipe it off completely when doing an ArchLinux installation. Therefore, it is useful to resize the existing windows partition to make room for a Linux partition.<br />
<br />
[http://www.sysresccd.org/ System Rescue CD] is a good tool to have, and works seemlessly in most cases.<br />
<br />
* Download the CD image (from http://www.sysresccd.org/)<br />
* Burn the image to a CD<br />
* Boot from the CD.<br />
<br />
Once booted, run qt_parted and the rest should be fairly obvious.<br />
<br />
If you already have ArchLinux installed on your system and simply want to resize an existing NTFS partition, you can use the ''parted'' and ''ntfsprogs'' packages to do it.<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Postfix_with_SASL&diff=9370
Postfix with SASL
2006-03-11T17:49:29Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Network]]<br />
'''Postfix with sasl support howto''' ( Justin Smithies - justin AT smithies.me.uk || formfixed by Pablo Bitreras - dexodvz AT vtr . net)<br />
<br />
First you will need to install srcpac :<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy srcpac<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Then type edit the <code>/etc/srcpac.conf</code> file and add the following :<br />
<pre><br />
# postfix sasl<br />
conf''postfix<code>('#source</code>(ftp://ftp.porcupine.org#source=(ftp://ftp.aet.tu-cottbus.de/pub/postfix''tls/pfixtls-0.8.18-2.1.3-0.9.7d.tar.gz ftp://ftp.porcupine.org#'<br />
'#cd \$startdir/src/\$pkgname-\$pkgver#cd \$startdir/src/\$pkgname-\$pkgver\npatch -p1 < ../pfixtls-0.8.18-2.1.3-0.9.7d/pfixtls.diff#'<br />
'#make OPT#make CCARGS<code>\\"-DUSE''SASL''AUTH -I/usr/include/sasl -DUSE_SSL -I/usr/include/openssl\\" AUXLIBS</code>\\"-L/usr/lib -R/usr/lib -lsasl2 -lssl -lcrypto\\" OPT#')<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Save the above then type :<br />
<pre><br />
srcpac -Sb postfix<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This will download and build '''Postfix''' with '''SASL''' support.<br />
<br />
An example line for the <code>/etc/postfix/main.cf</code> file to enable the SASL is below.<br />
<pre><br />
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, $mydomain<br />
myorigin = $mydomain<br />
smtpd''sasl''auth_enable = yes<br />
smtpd''sasl''security_options = noanonymous<br />
smtpd''sasl''tls''security''options = $smtpd''sasl''security_options<br />
smtpd''tls''auth_only = no<br />
smtpd''sasl''local_domain = $mydomain<br />
smtpd''recipient''restrictions = permit''mynetworks,permit''sasl''authenticated,reject''unauth_destination,permit<br />
broken''sasl''auth_clients = yes<br />
relay_domains = *<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You might want to change various options to suit your needs though.<br />
Setup Postfix as you normally would and start it with :<br />
<pre><br />
/etc/rc.d/postfix start<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
or add it to your <code>/etc/rc.conf</code> file so Postfix starts each reboot.<br />
<br />
Hopefully you should be able to telnet to your Postfix server with :<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
telnet localhost 25<br />
<br />
You should then type :<br />
<br />
EHLO test.com<br />
<br />
This is roughly what you should see :<br />
<br />
Trying 127.0.0.1...<br />
<br />
Connected to localhost.localdomain<br />
Escape character is '^]'<br />
<br />
220 justin ESMTP Postfix<br />
EHLO test.com<br />
250-justin<br />
250-PIPELINING<br />
250-SIZE 10240000<br />
250-VRFY<br />
250-ETRN<br />
250-AUTH PLAIN OTP DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5<br />
250-AUTH=PLAIN OTP DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5<br />
250 8BITMIME<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
WikiMigration--[[User:Dlanor|dlanor]] 16:14, 23 Jul 2005 (EDT)<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Making_a_Custom_Package_CD&diff=9369
Making a Custom Package CD
2006-03-11T17:48:45Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Package Management]]<br />
If you wish to copy some packages from one Arch Linux computer to another (for example, with a slow Internet connection) by using a custom CD, do the following:<br />
<br />
* Create a repository of packages using gensync [[Custom local repository with ABS and gensync]]. Copy the packages from <code>/var/cache/pacman/pkg</code> on the updated Arch Linux system.<br />
<br />
* Create an iso of the repository on a CD-R or CD-RW<br />
<br />
* Mount the CD on the second Arch Linux computer<br />
<br />
* Add a custom repository to <code>/etc/pacman.conf</code>:<br />
<pre><br />
[[mycd]]<br />
Server = file:///mnt/cd/pkg<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Another option is to simply copy the files from the CD into <code>/var/cache/pacman/pkg</code> on the second computer. Pacman will retreive the packages from there instead of the net if the files are up to date.<br />
<br />
Yet another option is to create a custom install CD as in http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=1387<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=ClamAV&diff=9368
ClamAV
2006-03-11T17:48:13Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:MailServer]]<br />
==== Clam AV installation====<br />
* Grab it<br><pre>pacman -Sy clamav</pre><br />
<br />
* Configure it<br />
*# Edit /etc/clamav/clamd.conf, /etc/clamav/freshclam.conf and comment out the example flag<br />
*# Edit /etc/conf.d/clamav and change the start options from "no" to "yes"<br><br />
<pre># change these to "yes" to start<br />
START_FRESHCLAM="yes"<br />
START_CLAMD="yes"</pre><br />
<br />
* Edit /etc/rc.conf and write clamav into the list of daemons, if you like to start clamav automaticly when booting.<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=HP_Pavilion_zd7140&diff=9365
HP Pavilion zd7140
2006-03-11T17:47:22Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Laptop]]<br />
<br />
Another work in Progress - by PhrakTure<br />
I am currently running Arch on this laptop, 98% problem free... and no I have not yet configured the media card reader, as I have no use for it. If anyone really has a problem, let me know (PM from forums).<br />
<br />
===Modules===<br />
* Ethernet: 8139too<br />
* Wireless: ndiswrapper using BCMWL5A [[http://phrakture.freelinuxhost.com/ndiswrapper-bcmwl5a-0.2-1.pkg.tar.gz pkg]] [[http://phrakture.freelinuxhost.com/pkgbuilds/PKGBUILD.ndiswrapper-bcmwl5a PKGBUILD]]<br />
* Audio: snd-intel-8x0 / snd-pcm-oss<br />
* Video: nvidia [http://www.nvidia.com]<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
* Composite: works, but gets goofy with flash animations in Firefox<br />
<br />
===Unusual settings===<br />
* Video mode detected wrong<br>Add the following to the device (nvidia driver) section in xorg.conf<br><pre>Option "IgnoreEDID" "True"</pre><br />
*And the following line to the "Monitor" section<br><pre>Modeline "1440x900" 106.47 1440 1520 1672 1904 900 901 904 932 -hsync +vsync</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
The following Display Subsection (in the Screen Section) will allow you to use the display's native viewing mode.<br />
<pre> Subsection "Display"<br />
Depth 24<br />
Modes "1440x900"<br />
Virtual 1440 900<br />
EndSubsection</pre><br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=IBM_Thinkpad_600E_(2645-CBH)&diff=9364
IBM Thinkpad 600E (2645-CBH)
2006-03-11T17:47:19Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Laptop]]<br />
===To install:===<br />
<br />
Follow usual Arch Linux Guide except for the points below.<br />
The hardest part is the 600E sound card, which is notoriously hard to get working in linux.<br />
<br />
====Audio====<br />
<br />
Firstly the laptop BIOS must be set to Initialize and Quick Boot must be off.<br />
Then run alsaconf, which sould now pick up the sound card and write a new /etc/modprobe.conf.<br />
If hotplug still tries to load cs461x and fails then blacklist it (/etc/hotplug/blacklist).<br />
You can also add the correct driver (snd-cs4236) to the MODULES variable of /etc/rc.conf so that it loads before hotplug starts.<br />
<br />
The thinkpad also behaves differently on reset than it does on power on. The sound card driver may not load on reset.<br />
<br />
Pcmcia''cs appears to trash the sound card driver on boot. You do not really need pcmcia''cs as hotplug should handle all but very old 16bit pcmcia cards. If you really want it then it is possible to stop it from probing certain ports and irq's. Otherwise you can just fix this by reloading the kernel module.<br />
Add this to your /etc/rc.local:<br />
<pre><br />
rmmod snd-cs4236<br />
modprobe snd-cs4236<br />
alsactl restore<br />
</pre><br />
You need to reload the alsa values because the sound card forgets its volume settings.<br />
<br />
====USB====<br />
<br />
The kernel cannot insert the pciehp module for some strange reason.<br />
Skip it by adding it to /etc/hotplug/blacklist<br />
<br />
USB devices can be quite tempremental.<br />
The solution appears to be set pci=noacpi as a kernel argument.<br />
<br />
====Graphics====<br />
<br />
The graphics card is a Neomagic card (driver is '''neomagic''').<br />
To play DVD's you will need to pass an option to the driver.<br />
Set the following in /etc/X11/xorg.conf:<br />
<pre><br />
Option "OverlayMem" "829440"<br />
</pre><br />
This only works with a display depth of 16bit as there is not enough video RAM for 32bit depth.<br />
The LCD screen is capable of 1024x768.<br />
<br />
====Software====<br />
<br />
There is a package called '''thinkpad''' that installs a number of modules specific to thinkpads.<br />
A related packege called '''tpctl''' supplies a configuration program that allows you to change thinkpad specific stuff. To get it working you need to create the thinkpad devices in /dev.<br />
<br />
====ACPI and APM====<br />
<br />
Both ACPI and APM work in this machine without any big problems. The stock Arch Linux kernel26 comes with ACPI so just use that.<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Mouse_acceleration&diff=9363
Mouse acceleration
2006-03-11T17:47:04Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Hardware]]<br />
[[Category:XServer]]<br />
====Q: How do I set the mouse speed under X windows?====<br />
<b>A: </b>If you want to set your mouse speed in X, you have to use the '''xset''' command. Your mouse speed is controlled by acceleration and threshold levels. The command synopsis is <code>xset m acceleration threshold</code>.<br />
<br />
For example:<br />
<pre><br />
xset m 4 1<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
''Acceleration'' defines how many times faster the cursor will move than the default speed, when the cursor moves more than ''threshold'' pixels in a short time. ''Acceleration'' can be a fraction, so if you want to slow down the mouse you can use 1/2, and if 3 is slightly too fast, but 2 is too slow, you can use 5/2. You effectively disable the threshold by setting it to 1, that way the cursor will always move the same speed. To get the default settings back, type <code>xset m default</code>. You can add the xset command to your ~/.xinitrc to get the desired mouse speed every time X starts.<br />
<br />
For more info see <code>man xset</code>.<br />
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Devoca
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Dvdbackup&diff=9362
Dvdbackup
2006-03-11T17:46:40Z
<p>Devoca: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:CD/DVD]]<br />
I found the original information posted here rather inadequate. Instead of destroying the information, in case it still proves useful to some people, I'll preserve it here under the "Older Method" section.<br />
<br />
=Elegant Method=<br />
==Introduction==<br />
While dual layer DVD recorders are readily available and inexpensive, dual layer media is still not very easy on the wallet. Even if it were affordable, there are some of us who would prefer to simply make a backup copy of a movie, and not all the extra features that nobody watches more than once.<br />
<br />
There are several ways to get what you want done, and many of them are slow, and require several steps to accomplish. Here's a simpler method using dvdbackup and dvdauthor, which can be both be found in the AUR. We will also be using mkisofs (found in the cdrtools package), and growisofs.<br />
<br />
==Making a Backup==<br />
The dvdbackup program is elegant because it doesn't have to demultiplex, remultiplex, re-encode, or reformat the movie. This means the backup process is done in one step. The only time to not use this method is for longer movies (greater than 2 or 2.5 hours ... anything that won't fit on a single layer DVD). In those cases, have a look at the Long Method below.<br />
<br />
Anyway, let's determine which title to backup. Here's the command to retrieve some information from your DVD. Replace /dev/hdc with the proper drive, of course.<br />
dvdbackup -i/dev/hdc -I<br />
<br />
After some less useful information, dvdbackup will show something like this:<br />
<pre><br />
Main feature:<br />
Title set containing the main feature is 1<br />
The aspect ratio of the main feature is 16:9<br />
The main feature has 1 angle(s)<br />
The main feature has 1 audio_track(s)<br />
The main feature has 2 subpicture channel(s)<br />
The main feature has a maximum of 28 chapter(s) in on of it's titles<br />
The main feature has a maximum of 6 audio channel(s) in on of it's titles<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
What we're concerned with is that the main feature is in title set 1. Next we'll see a list of title sets:<br />
<pre><br />
Title Sets:<br />
<br />
Title set 1<br />
The aspect ratio of title set 1 is 16:9<br />
Title set 1 has 1 angle(s)<br />
Title set 1 has 1 audio_track(s)<br />
Title set 1 has 2 subpicture channel(s)<br />
<br />
Titles included in title set 1 is/are<br />
Title 1:<br />
Title 1 has 28 chapter(s)<br />
Title 1 has 6 audio channle(s)<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Obviously, the main feature is title 1. Sometimes a titleset will include more than one title, sometimes not. Title sets can also include menus, which will no longer work very well if we're not backing up the entire DVD.<br />
<br />
Now to rip the DVD! We're using the drive /dev/hdc, ripping title 1, and outputting to our home directory.<br />
dvdbackup -i/dev/hdc -t1 -o/home/steve<br />
<br />
dvdbackup reads the name of the DVD and creates a directory for it. If dvdbackup decides the name of the DVD is too generic (like MOVIE, for instance), you will have to specify a name, as it will refuse to run otherwise. Just use -nMYMOVIENAME to specify.<br />
<br />
==Creating IFO and BUP Files==<br />
If you know much about DVDs, you'll notice that we only have a number of VOB files on our hard drive, and that's not enough to burn a copy! This is where dvdauthor comes in.<br />
<br />
First, we need to create a working directory. Then we're going to the directory that contains the VOB files. Be aware that this command is going to make a copy of the entire movie. The original can be deleted right afterwards.<br />
mkdir /home/steve/dvd<br />
cd /home/steve/MYMOVIENAME/VIDEO_TS<br />
dvdauthor -o /home/steve/dvd *.VOB<br />
<br />
dvdauthor just created a copy of our movie, and hopefully it worked alright. If it said anything like "SCR moves backwards, remultiplex input." there might be trouble. Before deleting any files, check the file sizes of the original VOB files compared to the copied ones. If they're all roughly the same, you may be OK. You can use mplayer to test the affected VOB file to see if there's anything missing. If so, you may have to go the long route. I haven't backed up many DVDs, but it appears this problem occurs with special features, and hopefully not actual movies.<br />
<br />
Well, now we've built VTS_01_0.IFO and BUP. All we need is VIDEO_TS.IFO and BUP, and we're in business. This part takes much less time, and doesn't waste hard drive space.<br />
cd /home/steve/dvd/VIDEO_TS<br />
dvdauthor -o /home/steve/dvd -T<br />
<br />
Now we can create an ISO image file, or burn straight to DVD.<br />
<br />
==Creating an ISO==<br />
The advantage to creating the ISO file is that you can test that everything works fine with mplayer before continuing. The disadvantage is of course that it takes up hard drive space again.<br />
mkisofs -dvd-video -udf -o dvd.iso dvd/<br />
<br />
To test the image with mplayer, simply:<br />
mplayer dvd:// -dvd-device dvd.iso<br />
<br />
If everything seems ok, we can burn the image. Yes, growisofs burns DVDs.<br />
growisofs -Z /dev/hdc=dvd.iso<br />
<br />
==Burning Straight to DVD==<br />
If we're pretty confident in our skills, we don't need to create and test an image, wasting time and hard drive space! We're basically merging the mkisofs with the growisofs commands listed above.<br />
growisofs -dvd-video -udf -Z /dev/hdc dvd/<br />
<br />
<br />
=Long Method=<br />
This method may be necessary if your movie is too long to fit on a single layer disc and you need to shrink the video file a bit, or if dvdauthor was giving you trouble with the method above. Hopefully, the latter case won't happen often.<br />
<br />
Anyway, all you need is a tool called dvdshrink, which can be found in the AUR. It's a nice perl script with included GTK2 frontend, which utilizes many tools. Unfortunately, it takes many steps to get a burnable copy with this method, which is why it takes longer than dvdbackup. Of course, the advantage is that it can shrink the video file size if needed. I was able to burn a 2h 23m movie without shrinking, even though the discs say they can only hold 120m of video.<br />
<br />
Anyway, run xdvdshrink.pl, the interface is pretty self-explanitory. Click the Configure button to set your DVD drive(s) and specify a working directory with lots of extra space. Save the settings and go back to the main screen. You can "Select from DVD" which title to rip, as well as the audio channel. Each time, the program will scan the DVD and present you with options. The title selection is pretty obvious, as there should be only one long title on there. For the audio selection, simply pick your language. You may also have options for 2 channel or 6 channel audio (stereo or 5.1). It's up to you which one you choose here.<br />
<br />
If you have a DVD reader and a DVD burner, you can leave a blank disc in the burner, and enable "Force DVD burn (no prompt) on the right. If you only have a single DVD drive, just enable "Autoburn new DVD", and when the ripping is complete, the program will prompt you to insert a blank disc and hit enter to continue.<br />
<br />
The other options you should enable are "Remove working files", "Shrink selected title to fit DVD5" if your movie is too long to fit on a single disc, and it's up to you if you want to "Delete logs". "Remove working files" is especially important, since a movie is roughly 4GB, and this process takes several steps, which may result in 12-20GB of usage on your hard drive, depending on what the program has to do.<br />
<br />
Anyway, that should be all. Click "Start copy"!<br />
<br />
=Older Method=<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Making a data DVD is simple. It only involves a single command in most cases. If you need to simply burn data onto a DVD, see the [[DVD_writing|DVD Writing Tutorial]]. However if you want a DVD that you can play in your DVD player, it gets a little more complex. You need to encode the source video, generate the layout of the disc (with menus, titles, chapters, etc), make the filesystem (generate an ISO), and finally burn the ISO. This tutorial will cover only the most basic way of making a video DVD- You place the DVD in your DVD player and a movie plays. You are encouraged to research each step further, as there are countless options and features you can add beyond this. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Encoding Source Video==<br />
If the video you want to burn to a DVD is already encoded to the proper format, then you can skip this step. You will need transcode and mjpegtools to encode the video to the proper format. Note that this only applies to AVI or MPEG files. If you are dealing with wmv, asf, mov, ogm, etc files, then you will need to use mencoder.<br />
<br />
<br />
If you are dealing with another type of file, install mencoder (part of the mplayer package):<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy mplayer<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
For NTSC:<br />
<pre><br />
mencoder -o output_file.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vbitrate=5000:vhq -ffourcc DX50 -oac pcm -srate 48000 -ofps 29.97 your_movie.mov<br />
</pre> <br />
<br />
For PAL:<br />
<pre><br />
mencoder -o output_file.avi -ovc lavc -lavcopts vbitrate=5000:vhq -ffourcc DX50 -oac pcm -srate 48000 -ofps 25 your_movie.mov<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
Now you will have an AVI file that we can convert to DVD compatable video. Continue by installing the tools we will need:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy transcode mjpegtools<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
First we separate the audio and video from the source video and encode them to the proper formats using transcode:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
transcode -i source_video.avi -y ffmpeg --export_prof dvd-ntsc --export_asr 2 -o video -D0 -b224 -N 0x2000 -s2 -m video.ac3 -J modfps=clonetype=3 --export_fps 29.97 <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
'''-i''' is the source video you are working with. Change this to whatever the original file is called.<br />
<br />
'''-o''' is the ouput filename. I'll just call it "video" to make it simple. <br />
<br />
'''-m''' tells transcode to write the audio to a separate file, in this case ''video.ac3''<br />
<br />
'''-export_asr''' is the aspect ratio. '''2''' is 4:3 ratio, and '''3''' is for 16:9 ratio. Change this to whichever one you want. <br />
<br />
<br />
'''NOTE:''' The above command uses the NTSC compatable format. To encode to PAL format, you need to make a few changes:<br />
<br />
''--export_prof dvd-pal''<br />
<br />
''--export_fps 25''<br />
<br />
<br />
This process will probably take some time. An hour long video could take 1-3 hours to encode depending on the speed of your computer. When complete, you will be left with a video.m2v file and video.ac3 file. These are DVD-compliant video and audio files, respectively.<br />
<br />
The next step is to merge these 2 files into one DVD MPEG file using '''mplex''', part of the mjpegtools package. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
mplex -f 8 -o video.mpg video.m2v video.ac3 <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Now is a good time to test the video.mpg file in your video player of choice, such as ''mplayer'' or ''xine''. If everything appears ok, then you can continue to the next step. <br />
<br />
<br />
==Create DVD Structure==<br />
In order to generate the layout of the DVD from your video files, you will need to use dvdauthor:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy dvdauthor<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can specify a lot of options via command line, but it is much easier to simply create an XML file with the appropriate options. dvdauthor can do just about anything, but it could get fairly complex and beyond the scope of this tutorial. We just wnat to put a DVD in the drive and have it play our video. The XML file should look like this:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
<dvdauthor><br />
<vmgm /><br />
<titleset><br />
<titles><br />
<pgc><br />
<vob file="video.mpg" /><br />
</pgc><br />
</titles><br />
</titleset><br />
</dvdauthor><br />
</pre><br />
<br />
You can name this file whatever you want. Let's just assume it is dvd.xml. Next, we will run dvdauthor to generate the structure of the DVD. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
dvdauthor -o dvd -x dvd.xml<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
'''-o''' is the ouput directory. This can be whatever you please, but make sure the directory doesn't exist prior to running the command.<br />
<br />
'''-x ''' the XML file to load settings from. Change this to whatever you named your XML file.<br />
<br />
After dvdauthor completes doing it's thing, you will have a dvd/ directory in the current directory. These are the files you will want to burn to a DVD in the next step.<br />
<br />
Links with more information regarding the XML file for advanced usage:<br />
<br />
http://dvdauthor.sourceforge.net/doc/ex-title.html<br />
<br />
http://www.tappin.me.uk/Linux/dvd.html#author<br />
<br />
http://gecius.de/linux/dvd.html<br />
<br />
<br />
==Generate the ISO and Burn the DVD==<br />
This can actually be done in one step, but I will go over the 2-step process anyways, just in case you want to distribute an ISO to other people. For this step, we will need two packages; '''dvd+rw-tools''' and '''cdrtools'''<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy dvd+rw-tools cdrtools<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
First, we make the filesystem using mkisofs, part of the cdrtools package:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
mkisofs -dvd-video -udf -o dvd.iso dvd/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
'''-o''' is the output file. Of course, this can be whatever you want.<br />
<br />
'''dvd/''' is the directory generated by dvdauthor. If you used a different directory, of course you will need to change this. <br />
<br />
Next, we use growisofs to burn the DVD:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
growisofs -Z /dev/hdd=dvd.iso<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
That should be it! Make sure you change the device path to whatever your DVD burner is and specify the correct ISO filename you are using. <br />
<br />
This can actually be done in one step, like I mentioned before, like so:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
growisofs -dvd-video -udf -Z /dev/hdd dvd/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This will skip the ISO step and burn the filesystem directly to the DVD. Change the device name and the directory to fit your needs.<br />
<br />
<br />
==More Information and Links==<br />
<br />
mplayer/mencoder: http://www.mplayerhq.hu/<br />
<br />
dvdauthor: http://dvdauthor.sourceforge.net/<br />
<br />
http://www.tappin.me.uk/Linux/dvd.html<br />
<br />
http://gecius.de/linux/dvd.html<br />
<br />
http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=117709<br />
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