https://wiki.archlinux.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Dov&feedformat=atomArchWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T09:53:37ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.0https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=CUPS&diff=224316CUPS2012-09-21T11:04:38Z<p>Dov: Added 2 new solutions to issues</p>
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<div>[[Category:Printers]]<br />
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[[es:CUPS]]<br />
[[it:CUPS]]<br />
[[pl:CUPS]]<br />
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[[zh-CN:CUPS]]<br />
[[zh-TW:CUPS]]<br />
{{Article summary start|Summary}}<br />
{{Article summary text|Installing and configuring CUPS}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|CUPS printer sharing}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|CUPS printer-specific problems}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Samba}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
From [http://www.cups.org/index.php CUPS' site]:<br />
:"''[[Wikipedia:CUPS|CUPS]] is the standards-based, open source printing system developed by Apple Inc. for Mac OS® X and other UNIX®-like operating systems''".<br />
<br />
Although there are other printing packages such as LPRNG, the Common Unix Printing System is the most popular choice because of its relative ease of use.<br />
<br />
==Cups Linux Printing workflow==<br />
As of version {{Pkg|cups}} 1.5.3-3 ArchLinux makes use of the new full pdf-based printing workflow. For<br />
further reading check [http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/openprinting/pdfasstandardprintjobformat PDF standard printing job format] and an old [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/en/OpenPrinting/Database/CUPS-Filter-Chart Cups filtering chart] for history and fun.<br />
A good starting point for general Linux printing questions is [http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/openprinting here].<br />
<br />
<br />
There are two ways to setup a printer:<br />
* If there's a linux cups server running in your network and sharing a printer you only need to install the client package.<br />
* The printer is connected directly to your system or you have access to an IPP network printer then setup a local cups server<br />
<br />
==Installing the client package==<br />
<br />
===the recommended simple setup===<br />
* '''libcups''' is the only package you need to [[pacman|Install]]<br />
Then add your cups server IP or hostname into /etc/cups/client.conf. That's all you need. Every application should quickly<br />
find the printer(s) shared by that cups server.<br />
<br />
{{Note| It's not clear that this step works with cups 1.6.x. See Printer Sharing page in wiki}}<br />
<br />
===optional advanced network setup===<br />
* You can run a cupsd instance on your client with avahi browsing enabled to discover unknown shared printers in your network. This is not recommended in simple home network setups where you usually know your printer server IP or hostname! This makes only sense in large setups where the server is unknown.<br />
{{Note| This behavior has not been changed with cups 1.6.x - the difference is that until 1.5.x cupsd was able to do printer browsing alone and now needs avahi to discover unknown printers!}}<br />
<br />
==Installing the server packages==<br />
The packages {{Pkg|cups}}, {{Pkg|cups-filters}}, {{Pkg|ghostscript}}, {{Pkg|gsfonts}} and some printer driver are needed. [[pacman|Install]] them from the [[Official repositories]].<br />
<br />
* '''cups''' - The actual CUPS software(daemon)<br />
* '''avahi''' - to make your printers browsable through your network<br />
* '''cups-filters''' - essential filter pkg<br />
* '''ghostscript''' - (optional) Interpreter for the Postscript language<br />
* '''gsfonts''' - GhostScript standard Type1 fonts<br />
* '''hpoj''' - If you are using an HP Officejet, you should also install this package and follow the instructions to avoid problems. Read this [http://answers.launchpad.net/hplip/+question/133425 thread at launchpad/hplip] for more information.<br />
<br />
If the system is connected to a networked printer using the [[Samba]] protocol or if the system is to be a print server for Windows clients, also install {{Pkg|samba}}.<br />
<br />
Note: As of cups version 1.6 the avahi-daemon should be runnig before cupsd is started if you want to enable printer browsing through your network. Your rc.conf daemon line should look like: "...dbus...avahi-daemon cupsd...". However you don't need to run avahi on your client system if you know the server IP or network name. See client configuration above. <br />
<br />
===Printer driver===<br />
Here are some of the driver packages. Choosing the right driver depends on the printer:<br />
<br />
* '''{{Pkg|gutenprint}}''' - A collection of high quality drivers for Canon, Epson, Lexmark, Sony, Olympus, and PCL printers for use with GhostSscript, CUPS, Foomatic, and the [[GIMP]]<br />
* '''{{Pkg|foomatic-db}}, {{Pkg|foomatic-db-engine}}, {{Pkg|foomatic-db-nonfree}}, and {{Pkg|foomatic-filters}}''' - Foomatic is a database-driven system for integrating free software printer drivers with common spoolers under Unix. Installing foomatic-filters should solve problems if the cups error_log is reporting "stopped with status 22!".<br />
* '''{{AUR|foo2zjs}}''' - Drivers for ZjStream protocol printers such as the HP Laserjet 1018. More info [http://foo2zjs.rkkda.com here], Foo2zsj is available in the {{AUR|foo2zjs}}.<br />
* '''{{Pkg|hplip}}''' - HP GNU/Linux driver. Provides support for DeskJet, OfficeJet, Photosmart, Business Inkjet and some LaserJet printer models, as well as a number of Brother printers.<br />
* '''{{Pkg|splix}}''' - Samsung drivers for SPL (Samsung Printer Language) printers<br />
* '''{{AUR|samsung-unified-driver}}''' - Unified Linux Driver for Samsung printers and scanners. Required for new printers, like ML-2160. Package is available in the [[AUR]].<br />
* '''{{AUR|ufr2}}''' or '''{{AUR|cndrvcups-lb}}''' - Canon UFR2 driver with support for LBP, iR and MF series printers. Package is available in the [[AUR]].<br />
* '''{{Pkg|cups-pdf}}''' - A package that allows one to setup a virtual PDF Printer that generates a PDF out of jobs sent to it<br />
<br />
If you are not sure of what driver package to install or if the current driver is not working, it may be easiest to just install all of the drivers. Some of the package names are misleading because printers of other makes may rely on them. For example, the Brother HL-2140 needs the hplip driver installed.<br />
<br />
====Download printer PPD====<br />
Depending on the printer, this step is optional and may not be needed, as the standard CUPS installation already comes with quite a few PPD (Postscript Printer Description) files. Moreover, the ''foomatic-filters'', ''gimp-print'' and ''hplip'' packages already include quite a few PPD files which will automatically be detected by CUPS.<br />
<br />
Here is an explanation of what a PPD file is from the Linux Printing website:<br />
:"''For every PostScript printer the manufacturers provide a PPD file which contains all printer-specific information about the particular printer model: Basic printer capabilities as whether the printer is a color printer, fonts, PostScript level, etc., and especially the user-adjustable options, as paper size, resolution, etc.''"<br />
<br />
If the PPD for the printer is ''not'' already in CUPS, then:<br />
*check [[AUR]] to see if there are packages for the printer/manufacturer<br />
*visit the [http://www.openprinting.org/printers OpenPrinting database] and select the manufacturer and model of the printer<br />
*visit the manufacturer's site and search for GNU/Linux drivers<br />
<br />
{{Note|PPD files go in {{ic|/usr/share/cups/model/}}}}<br />
<br />
==Configuring==<br />
Now that CUPS is installed, there are a variety of options on how to setup printing solutions. As always, the tried and true command line method is at your disposal. Likewise, various desktop environments such as GNOME and KDE have useful programs that can help manage printers. However, in order to make this process easy for the largest amount of users, this article will focus on the web interface provided by CUPS.<br />
<br />
If you are planning on connecting to a network printer, rather than one that is directly connected to the computer, you might want to read the [[CUPS printer sharing]] page first. Printer sharing between GNU/Linux systems is quite easy and involves very little configuration, whereas sharing between a Windows and GNU/Linux host requires a little bit more effort.<br />
<br />
USB printers can get accessed with two methods: The usblp kernel module and libusb. The former is the classic way. It is simple: Data is sent to the printer by writing it to a device file as a simple serial data stream. Reading the same device file allows bi-di access, at least for things like reading out ink levels, status, or printer capability information (PJL). It works very well for simple printers, but for multi-function devices (printer/scanner) it is not suitable and manufacturers like HP supply their own backends. (source: [http://lists.linuxfoundation.org/pipermail/printing-architecture/2012/002412.html here])<br />
<br />
===Kernel modules===<br />
Before using the CUPS web interface, the appropriate kernel modules need to be installed. The following steps are from the Gentoo Printing Guide.<br />
<br />
This section may not be necessary, however, depending on which kernel is being used. The kernel module may load automatically after plugging in the printer. Use the {{ic|tail}} command (described below) to see if the printer has already been detected. The {{ic|lsmod}} utility can also be used to see what modules have been loaded.<br />
<br />
====USB printers====<br />
'''As of Cups version 1.6.0 it's typically no more needed to blacklist the usblp kernel module!''' If you find out this is the only way to fix a remaining issue please report this upstream to the cups tracker and maybe also get in contact with Till Kamppeter (Debian cups maintainer). See [http://cups.org/str.php?L4128 upstream bug] for more.<br />
<br />
Some USB printer users may want to try if blacklisting the {{ic|usblp}} module would help:<br />
<br />
{{hc|/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf|blacklist usblp}}<br />
<br />
Custom kernel users may need to manually load the {{ic|usbcore}} module before proceeding:<br />
# modprobe usbcore<br />
<br />
Once the modules are installed, plug in the printer and check if the kernel detected it by running the following:<br />
# tail /var/log/messages.log<br />
or<br />
# dmesg<br />
<br />
If you're using {{ic|usblp}}, the output should indicate that the printer has been detected like so:<br />
Feb 19 20:17:11 kernel: printer.c: usblp0: USB Bidirectional<br />
printer dev 2 if 0 alt 0 proto 2 vid 0x04E8 pid 0x300E<br />
Feb 19 20:17:11 kernel: usb.c: usblp driver claimed interface cfef3920<br />
Feb 19 20:17:11 kernel: printer.c: v0.13: USB Printer Device Class driver<br />
<br />
If you blacklisted {{ic|usblp}}, you will see something like:<br />
usb 3-2: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 3<br />
usb 3-2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice<br />
<br />
====Parallel port printers====<br />
To use a parallel port printer the configuration is pretty much the same, except for the modules:<br />
# modprobe lp<br />
# modprobe parport<br />
# modprobe parport_pc<br />
<br />
Once again, check the setup by running:<br />
# tail /var/log/messages.log<br />
It should display something like this:<br />
lp0: using parport0 (polling).<br />
<br />
If you are using a USB to parallel port adapter, CUPS will not be able to detect the printer. As a workaround, add the printer using a different connection type and then change DeviceID in /etc/cups/printers.conf:<br />
DeviceID = parallel:/dev/usb/lp0<br />
<br />
====Auto-loading====<br />
It is convenient to have the system automatically load the kernel module every time it starts up. To do so, use a text editor to open up {{ic|/etc/modules-load.d/[[printing.conf]]}} and add the appropriate modules one per line. Here is an example:<br />
lp<br />
parport<br />
parport_pc<br />
<br />
===CUPS daemon===<br />
With the kernel modules installed, you can now [[Daemon#Performing daemon actions manually|start the cupsd daemon]]. Add {{ic|cupsd}} to your [[daemons#Starting on Boot|DAEMONS array]] so it starts automatically on boot.<br />
<br />
=== Web interface and tool-kit ===<br />
<br />
Once the daemon is running, open a browser and go to: http://localhost:631 (''The '''localhost''' string may need to be replaced with the hostname found in'' {{ic|/etc/hosts}}).<br />
<br />
From here, follow the various wizards to add the printer. A usual procedure is to start by clicking on ''Adding Printers and Classes'' and then ''Add Printer''. When prompted for a username and password, log in as root. The name assigned to the printer does not matter, the same applies for 'location' and 'description'. Next, a list of devices to select from will be presented. The actual name of the printer shows up next to the label ( e.g., next to ''USB Printer #1'' for USB printers). Finally, choose the appropriate drivers and the configuration is complete.<br />
<br />
Now test the configuration by pressing the ''Maintenance'' drop-down menu then ''Print Test Page''. If it does not print and there is certainty regarding the correctness of applied settings, then the problem is most likely due to missing a proper printer driver.<br />
<br />
{{Tip|See: [[#Alternative CUPS interfaces]] for other other frontends.}}<br />
{{Note|When setting up a USB printer, you should see your printer listed on ''Add Printer'' page. If you can only see a "SCSI printer" option, it probably means that CUPS has failed to recognize <br />
your printer.}}<br />
<br />
{{Note|To enable wireless scanning on certain HP multifunction devices using the [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/i686/hplip/ hplip] package, you may need to add the printer as a Network Printer using the http:// protocol. To determine the proper URI to use, run the {{ic|hp-makeuri}} command.}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==== CUPS administration ====<br />
<br />
A username and password will be required when administering the printer in the web interface, such as: adding or removing printers, stopping print tasks, etc. The default username is the one assigned in the ''sys'' group, or root (change this by editing {{ic|/etc/cups/cupsd.conf}} in the line of ''SystemGroup''). <br />
<br />
If the root account has been locked (i.e. when using sudo), it is not possible to log in the CUPS administration interface with the default username and password. In this case, follow [http://www.cups.org/articles.php?L237+T+Qprintadmin these instructions] on the CUPS FAQ. You might also want to read [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=35567 this post].<br />
<br />
====Remote access to web interface====<br />
By default, the CUPS web interface can only be accessed by the ''localhost''; i.e. the computer that it is installed on. To remotely access the interface, make the following changes to the {{ic|/etc/cups/cupsd.conf}} file. Replace the line:<br />
Listen localhost:631<br />
with<br />
Port 631<br />
so that CUPS listens to incoming requests.<br />
<br />
Three levels of access can be granted:<br />
<Location /> #access to the server<br />
<Location /admin> #access to the admin pages<br />
<Location /admin/conf> #access to configuration files<br />
<br />
To give remote hosts access to one of these levels, add an {{ic|Allow}} statement to that level's section. An {{ic|Allow}} statement can take one or more of the forms listed below:<br />
Allow all<br />
Allow host.domain.com<br />
Allow *.domain.com<br />
Allow ip-address<br />
Allow ip-address/netmask<br />
<br />
Deny statements can also be used. For example, if wanting to give all hosts on the 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 subnet full access, file {{ic|/etc/cups/cupsd.conf}} would include this:<br />
# Restrict access to the server...<br />
# By default only localhost connections are possible<br />
<Location /><br />
Order allow,deny<br />
Allow From localhost<br />
'''Allow From 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0'''<br />
</Location><br />
<br />
# Restrict access to the admin pages...<br />
<Location /admin><br />
# Encryption disabled by default<br />
#Encryption Required<br />
Order allow,deny<br />
Allow From localhost<br />
'''Allow From 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0'''<br />
</Location><br />
<br />
# Restrict access to configuration files...<br />
<Location /admin/conf><br />
AuthType Basic<br />
Require user @SYSTEM<br />
Order allow,deny<br />
Allow From localhost<br />
'''Allow From 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0'''<br />
</Location><br />
<br />
You might also need to add:<br />
<br />
DefaultEncryption Never<br />
<br />
This should avoid the error: 426 - Upgrade Required when using the CUPS web interface from a remote machine.<br />
<br />
==Troubleshooting==<br />
The best way to get printing working is to set 'LogLevel' in {{ic|/etc/cups/cupsd.conf}} to:<br />
LogLevel debug<br />
<br />
And then viewing the output from {{ic|/var/log/cups/error_log}} like this:<br />
# tail -n 100 -f /var/log/cups/error_log<br />
<br />
The characters at the left of the output stand for:<br />
*D=Debug<br />
*E=Error<br />
*I=Information<br />
*And so on<br />
<br />
These files may also prove useful:<br />
*{{ic|/var/log/cups/page_log}} - Echoes a new entry each time a print is successful<br />
*{{ic|/var/log/cups/access_log}} - Lists all cupsd http1.1 server activity<br />
<br />
Of course, it is important to know how CUPS works if wanting to solve related issues:<br />
# An application sends a .ps file (PostScript, a script language that details how the page will look) to CUPS when 'print' has been selected (this is the case with most programs).<br />
# CUPS then looks at the printer's PPD file (printer description file) and figures out what filters it needs to use to convert the .ps file to a language that the printer understands (like PJL, PCL), usually GhostScript.<br />
# GhostScript takes the input and figures out which filters it should use, then applies them and converts the .ps file to a format understood by the printer.<br />
# Then it is sent to the back-end. For example, if the printer is connected to a USB port, it uses the USB back-end.<br />
<br />
Print a document and watch {{ic|error_log}} to get a more detailed and correct image of the printing process.<br />
<br />
===Problems resulting from upgrades===<br />
''Issues that appeared after CUPS and related program packages underwent a version increment''<br />
<br />
====CUPS stops working====<br />
The chances are that a new configuration file is needed for the new version to work properly. Messages such as "404 - page not found" may result from trying to manage CUPS via localhost:631, for example.<br />
<br />
To use the new configuration, copy /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.default to /etc/cups/cupsd.conf (backup the old configuration if needed):<br />
# cp /etc/cups/cupsd.conf.default /etc/cups/cupsd.conf<br />
and restart CUPS to employ the new settings.<br />
<br />
====All jobs are "stopped"====<br />
If all jobs sent to the printer become "stopped", delete the printer and add it again.<br />
Using the [http://localhost:631 CUPS web interface], go to Printers > Delete Printer.<br />
<br />
To check the printer's settings go to ''Printers'', then ''Modify Printer''. Copy down the information displayed, click 'Modify Printer' to proceed to the next page(s), and so on.<br />
<br />
====All jobs are "The printer is not responding"====<br />
On networked printers, you should check that the name that CUPS uses as its connection URI resolves to the printer's IP via DNS, e.g.<br />
If your printer's connection looks like this:<br />
lpd://BRN_020554/BINARY_P1<br />
<br />
then the hostname 'BRN_020554' needs to resolve to the printer's IP from the server running CUPS<br />
<br />
====The PPD version is not compatible with gutenprint====<br />
Run:<br />
# /usr/sbin/cups-genppdupdate<br />
<br />
And restart CUPS (as pointed out in gutenprint's post-install message)<br />
<br />
===USB printers under CUPS 1.4.x===<br />
New CUPS 1.4.x introduces many changes:<br />
<br />
====Device node permissions====<br />
Some device may not be set with proper permission, escpecially when you blacklist the usblp module (no more needed as of cups version 1.6.x). CUPS needs the ownership of the USB device file of the printer to be root:lp, and permissions to be 660, e.g.<br />
$ ls -l /dev/bus/usb/003/002<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root lp 189, 257 20. Okt 10:32 /dev/bus/usb/003/002<br />
<br />
This is supposed to be achieved by two udev rules in /lib/udev/rules.d/50-udev-default.rules:<br />
# hplip and cups 1.4+ use raw USB devices, so permissions should be similar to<br />
# the ones from the old usblp kernel module<br />
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACES}=="", IMPORT{program}="usb_id --export %p"<br />
SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="usb_device", ENV{ID_USB_INTERFACES}==":0701*:", GROUP="lp", MODE="660"<br />
<br />
However, for some devices, in particular combined printer/scanner devices, these rules either do not trigger, or are overwritten by rules of the 'sane' package. In these cases a custom udev rule needs to be added. See below.<br />
<br />
=====Device node permission troubleshooting=====<br />
Get the printer's device file and its permissions with: <br />
$ lsusb<br />
...<br />
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 04b8:0841 Seiko Epson Corp.<br />
$ ls -l /dev/bus/usb/003/002<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root lp 189, 257 20. Okt 10:32 /dev/bus/usb/003/002<br />
<br />
If the permissions are not already root:lp 660, enforce it by creating a custom udev rule, e.g.<br />
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/10-usbprinter.rules<br />
ATTR{idVendor}=="04b8", ATTR{idProduct}=="0841", MODE:="0660", GROUP:="lp"<br />
<br />
If you have a multifunction device (printer+scanner) you need to make the device detectable to sane too<br />
cat /etc/udev/rules.d/10-usbprinter.rules<br />
ATTR{idVendor}=="04b8", ATTR{idProduct}=="0841", MODE:="0660", GROUP:="lp", ENV{libsane_matched}:="yes"<br />
<br />
{{Note|<br />
* {{ic|idVendor}} and {{ic|idProduct}} are from the {{ic|lsusb}} listing above.<br />
* some printers will need permissions to be {{ic|666}}<br />
* on my machine the propper folder is {{ic|/usr/lib/udev/rules.d}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=====Loading firmware=====<br />
<br />
Some printers and drivers need to load firmware to the printer (such as HP LaserJet 10xx printers using foo2zjs) and do this by writing directly to the lp device, a functionality provided by usblp. A work around until this issue is resolved is to install the usblp module until the firmware is loaded, then remove the module to allow CUPS to work. This can be accomplished by manually running "$ modprobe usblp", waiting for the firmware to load, then "$ rmmod usblp". You can also not blacklist usblp, then put "rmmod usblp" to /etc/rc.local, allowing the firmware to be loaded on boot before rc.local is run, then removing usblp.<br />
<br />
In case the printer is plugged in or powered on while system is already running, /etc/rc.local does not get executed and usblp module stays loaded. A workaround is to modify the /etc/udev/rules.d/11-hpj10xx.rules provided by foo2zjs so that after the add event we wait, e.g. 15 seconds for the firmware to load and then automatically remove usblp. The following example is for HP LaserJet 1018. For other models the value of ATTRS{idProduct} should be changed to match the printer model.<br />
<br />
Locate the line matching your printer in /etc/udev/rules.d/11-hpj10xx.rules:<br />
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="lp*", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="03f0", \<br />
ATTRS{idProduct}=="4117", RUN+="/sbin/foo2zjs-loadfw 1018 $tempnode"<br />
Add the following lines below it, make sure match the product and vendor IDs:<br />
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="lp*", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="03f0", \<br />
ATTRS{idProduct}=="4117", RUN+="/usr/bin/sleep 15"<br />
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="lp*", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="03f0", \<br />
ATTRS{idProduct}=="4117", RUN+="/usr/bin/rmmod usblp"<br />
<br />
Update: these modifications are not needed using foo2zjs>=20120519-2 AUR package as the /etc/udev/rules.d/11-hpj10xx.rules is already patched!!!<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
<br />
=====CUPS permission errors=====<br />
*Some users fixed 'NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED' (Windows clients) errors by using a slightly different syntax:<br />
smb://workgroup/username:password@hostname/printer_name<br />
<br />
*Sometimes, the block device has wrong permissions:<br />
# ls /dev/usb/<br />
lp0<br />
# chgrp lp /dev/usb/lp0<br />
<br />
====HPLIP printer sends "/usr/lib/cups/backend/hp failed" error====<br />
Make sure dbus is installed and running, e.g. check DAEMONS in {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}} or run {{ic|ls /var/run/daemons}}.<br />
<br />
The avahi-daemon might be required if this error persists and the dbus is already running.<br />
<br />
Try adding the printer as a Network Printer using the http:// protocol. Generate the printer URI with {{ic|hp-makeuri}}.<br />
<br />
{{Note|There might need to set permissions issues right. Follow indications here: [[CUPS#Device_node_permissions]].}}<br />
<br />
====HPLIP printer claims job is complete but printer does nothing====<br />
This happens on hp printers when you select the (old) hpijs driver (e.g. the Deskjet D1600 series). Instead, use the hpcups driver when adding the printer.<br />
<br />
====hp-toolbox sends an error, "Unable to communicate with device"====<br />
If running hp-toolbox as a regular user results in:<br />
# hp-toolbox<br />
# error: Unable to communicate with device (code=12): hp:/usb/<printer id><br />
or, "{{ic|Unable to communicate with device"}}", then it may be needed to [[Groups#Group_management|add the user to the lp group]].<br />
<br />
This can also be caused by printers such as the P1102 that provide a virtual cd-rom drive for MS-Windows drivers. The lp dev appears and then disappears. In that case try the '''usb-modeswitch''' and '''usb-modeswitch-data''' packages, that lets one switch off the "Smart Drive" (udev rules included in said packages).<br />
<br />
This can also occur with network attached printers if the [[Avahi|avahi-daemon]] is not running.<br />
<br />
====CUPS returns '"foomatic-rip" not available/stopped with status 3' with a HP printer====<br />
If receiving any of the following error messages in {{ic|/var/log/cups/error_log}} while using a HP printer, with jobs appearing to be processed while they all end up not being completed with their status set to 'stopped':<br />
Filter "foomatic-rip" for printer "<printer_name>" not available: No such file or director<br />
or:<br />
PID 5771 (/usr/lib/cups/filter/foomatic-rip) stopped with status 3!<br />
make sure '''hplip''' has been installed, in addition to [[#Packages|the packages mentioned above]], '''net-snmp''' is also needed. See [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=65615 this forum post].<br />
# pacman -S hplip<br />
<br />
====Printing fails with unauthorised error====<br />
If the user has been added to the lp group, and allowed to print (set in {{ic|cupsd.conf}}), then the problem lies in {{ic|/etc/cups/printers.conf}}. This line could be the culprit:<br />
AuthInfoRequired negotiate<br />
<br />
Comment it out and restart CUPS.<br />
<br />
====Print button greyed-out in GNOME print dialogs====<br />
:''<small>Source: [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=70418 I can't print from gnome applications. - Arch Forums]</small>''<br />
<br />
Be sure the package: '''libgnomeprint''' is installed<br />
<br />
Edit {{ic|/etc/cups/cupsd.conf}} and add<br />
# HostNameLookups Double<br />
<br />
Restart CUPS:<br />
# /etc/rc.d/cupsd restart<br />
<br />
====Unknown supported format: application/postscript====<br />
Comment the lines:<br />
application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -<br />
from {{ic|/etc/cups/mime.convs}}, and:<br />
application/octet-stream<br />
in {{ic|/etc/cups/mime.types}}.<br />
<br />
====Finding URIs for Windows Print Servers====<br />
<br />
Sometimes Windows is a little less than forthcoming about exact device URIs (device locations). If having trouble specifying the correct device location in CUPS, run the following command to list all shares available to a certain windows username:<br />
$ smbtree -U ''windowsusername''<br />
This will list every share available to a certain Windows username on the local area network subnet, as long as Samba is set up and running properly. It should return something like this:<br />
{{bc| WORKGROUP<br />
\\REGULATOR-PC <br />
\\REGULATOR-PC\Z <br />
\\REGULATOR-PC\Public <br />
\\REGULATOR-PC\print$ Printer Drivers<br />
\\REGULATOR-PC\G <br />
\\REGULATOR-PC\EPSON Stylus CX8400 Series EPSON Stylus CX8400 Series}}<br />
What is needed here is first part of the last line, the resource matching the printer description. So to print to the EPSON Stylus printer, one would enter:<br />
smb://username.password@REGULATOR-PC/EPSON Stylus CX8400 Series<br />
as the URI into CUPS. Notice that whitespaces are allowed in URIs, whereas backslashes get replaced with forward slashes.<br />
<br />
====Print-Job client-error-document-format-not-supported====<br />
Try installing the foomatic packages and use a foomatic driver.<br />
<br />
====/usr/lib/cups/backend/hp failed====<br />
Change<br />
SystemGroup sys root<br />
to<br />
SystemGroup lp root<br />
in {{ic|/etc/cups/cupsd.conf}}<br />
<br />
<br />
Following steps 1-3 in the Alternative CUPS interfaces below may be a better solution, since newer versions of cups will not allow the same group for both normal and admin operation.<br />
<br />
===="Unable to get list of printer drivers"====<br />
Try to remove Foomatic drivers.<br />
<br />
====lp: Error - Scheduler Not Responding====<br />
If you get this error when printing a document using:<br />
<br />
$ lp document-to-print<br />
<br />
Try setting the CUPS_SERVER environment variable:<br />
<br />
$ export CUPS_SERVER=localhost<br />
<br />
If this solves your problem, make the solution permanent by adding the export line above to ~/.bash_profile.<br />
<br />
====Installed Printers Do Not Appear in Print Dialogs After Installing/Upgrading to Systemd==== <br />
Systemd uses a different cups socket file located at:<br />
<br />
'''/usr/lib/systemd/system/cups.socket'''<br />
<br />
The default cups socket file is located at:<br />
<br />
'''/var/run/cups/cups.sock'''<br />
<br />
Edit '''/etc/cups/cupsd.conf''' and '''/etc/cups/client.conf''' as root to use the Systemd socket instead of the default. Make sure to restart CUPS when you are done:<br />
<br />
# /etc/rc.d/cupsd restart<br />
<br />
<br />
==Appendix==<br />
<br />
===Alternative CUPS interfaces===<br />
If using [[GNOME]], a possibility is to manage and configure the printer by using system-config-printer-gnome. This package is available through pacman: <br />
# pacman -S system-config-printer-gnome<br />
<br />
For system-config-printer to work as it should, running as root may be required, or alternatively set up a "normal" user to administer CUPS (if so '''follow steps 1-3''')<br />
<br />
* 1. Create group, and add a user to it<br />
# groupadd lpadmin<br />
# usermod -aG lpadmin <username><br />
<br />
* 2. Add "lpadmin" (without the quotes) to this line in {{ic|/etc/cups/cupsd.conf}}<br />
SystemGroup sys root <insert here><br />
<br />
* 3. Restart cups, log out and in again (or restart computer)<br />
{{bc|# rc.d restart cupsd}}<br />
<br />
[[KDE]] users can modify their printers from the Control Center. Both should refer to those desktop environments' documentation for more information on how to use the interfaces.<br />
<br />
There is also [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=43505 gtklp] in the [[AUR]]<br />
<br />
===PDF virtual printer===<br />
CUPS-PDF is a nice package that allows one to setup a virtual printer that will generate a PDF from anything sent to it. Obviously this package is not necessary, but it can be quite useful.<br />
<br />
Find generated PDF documents in a sub-directory located at {{ic|/var/spool/cups-pdf}}. Normally, the subdirectory is named after the user who performed the job. A little tweak helps you to find your printed PDF documents more easily. Edit /etc/cups/cups-pdf.conf by changing the line<br />
#Out /var/spool/cups-pdf/${USER}<br />
<br />
to<br />
<br />
Out /home/${USER}<br />
<br />
This package can be installed by the following command:<br />
# pacman -S cups-pdf<br />
<br />
After installing the package, set it up as if it were for any other printer by using the web interface. For the Device, select '''CUPS-PDF (Virtual PDF Printer)'''; Make/Manufacturer, choose '''Generic'''; Model/Driver, select '''Generic postscript color printer''' or '''Generic Cups-PDF Printer'''. Alternatively, provide the PPD file from [http://www.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~vrbehr/cups-pdf/cups-pdf-CURRENT/extra/CUPS-PDF.ppd this link].<br />
<br />
==== Print to postscript: CUPS-PDF virtual printer trick ====<br />
<br />
Printing to PDF in most applications like OpenOffice is no problem; just hit the button. Yet when printing out to postscript, matters take a little more work. For applications like OpenOffice where printing to kprinter is nebulous at best, there has to be another way -- and there is. The CUPS-PDF (Virtual PDF Printer) actually creates a postscript file and then creates the PDF using the ps2pdf utility. To print to postscript, what needs to be done is capturing the intermediate postscript file created by CUPS-PDF. This is easily accomplished with by selecting the "print to file" option in the print dialog. (choose either .ps or .eps as the extension) After selecting the "print to file" checkbox simply enter the filename and click "print".<br />
<br />
=====Configuring CUPS-PDF virtual printer=====<br />
#Set up the cups daemon using the instructions on this page.<br />
#Install {{Pkg|cups-pdf}} from [extra].<br />
#Access the cups print manager: http://localhost:631 and select:<br />
Administration -> Add Printer<br />
Select CUPS-PDF (Virtual PDF), choose for the make and driver:<br />
Make: Generic<br />
Driver: Generic CUPS-PDF Printer<br />
<br />
Now to print to postscript, just print as usual, in the print dialog choose "CUPS-PDF" as the printer, then select the checkbox for "print to file", hit print, enter the filename.ps and click save. This is handy for faxes, etc...<br />
<br />
===Another source for printer drivers===<br />
[http://www.turboprint.de/english.html Turboprint] is a proprietary driver for many printers not yet supported by GNU/Linux (Canon i*, for example). Unlike CUPS, however, high quality prints are either marked with a watermark or are a pay-only service.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [http://localhost:631/documentation.html Official CUPS documentation], ''locally installed''<br />
* [http://www.cups.org/ Official CUPS Website]<br />
* [http://www.linuxprinting.org/ Linux Printing], ''[http://www.linuxfoundation.org The Linux Foundation]''<br />
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/printing-howto.xml Gentoo's Printing Guide], ''[http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en Gentoo Documentation Resources]''<br />
* [http://bbs.archlinux.org/ Arch Linux User Forums]<br />
* [http://wiki.gotux.net/config/hp-printer Install HP Printers Easy Way]</div>Dov