https://wiki.archlinux.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=GD&feedformat=atomArchWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T04:53:12ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.0https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=VirtualBox&diff=192326VirtualBox2012-03-31T13:55:32Z<p>GD: /* Shared Folders as Arch Linux Guest */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Virtualization]]<br />
[[Category:Remote Desktop Protocol (English)]]<br />
[[fr:VirtualBox]]<br />
{{i18n|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|This article is about basic usage of VirtualBox, including running the VirtualBox software within an Arch ''host'', and running an Arch ''guest'' inside a VirtualBox virtual machine.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Required software}}<br />
{{Article summary link|VirtualBox|https://www.virtualbox.org}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Extras}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|PhpVirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Arch Linux Guest On Physical Drive}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Advanced VirtualBox Networking}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Installing Arch Linux from VirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
'''VirtualBox''' is a virtual PC emulator like [[VMware]]. It is in constant development and new features are implemented all the time. e.g. version 2.2 introduced OpenGL 3D acceleration support for Linux and Solaris guests. It has a [[Qt]] GUI interface, as well as headless and [[Wikipedia:SDL|SDL]] command line tools for managing and running virtual machines. It includes ''guest additions'' for some guest operating systems, which integrate functions of the guest and host systems, including sharing files, the clipboard, video acceleration and a “seamless” window integration mode.<br />
<br />
{{Wikipedia|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
== Installation on host ==<br />
The basic GPL-licensed VirtualBox suite can be [[pacman|installed]] with the {{Pkg|virtualbox}} package, found in the [[official repositories]]. Note that this will also install {{pkg|virtualbox-modules}}, which contains the precompiled modules for the stock archlinux kernel. For custom kernels, read [[#Hosts running a custom kernel|the section below]].<br />
<br />
In order to use the graphical interface, based on [[Qt]] ({{ic|VirtualBox}} command), you will also need to install the {{Pkg|qt}} package. This is not required for the simpler SDL-only GUI ({{ic|VBoxSDL}} command) nor for the {{ic|VBoxHeadless}} command.<br />
<br />
=== Hosts running a custom kernel ===<br />
VirtualBox works just fine with custom kernels such as [[Linux-ck]] ''without'' the need to keep any of the official ARCH kernel packages on the system. The trick to keeping pacman from bringing down the ARCH kernel packages is to install virtualbox with the {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} package, which contains the source for the virtualbox kernel modules. See {{Bug|26721}} for further explanations.<br />
<br />
Once {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} is installed, simply generate the kernel modules for your custom kernel by running (assuming the system is booted into the custom kernel):<br />
# vboxbuild<br />
and load it:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
=== Automatic re-compilation of the virtualbox modules with every kernel update ===<br />
This is possible thanks to {{AUR|virtualbox-hook}} from the [[AUR]]. In '''virtualbox-hook''', the 'automatic re-compilation' functionality is done by a '''vbox hook''' on [[mkinitcpio]] after forcing to update the '''linux-headers''' package.<br />
<br />
The hook will call the '''vboxbuild''' command to update the virtualbox modules for the version of your new kernel.<br />
<br />
{{Note| If you are using this functionality it's '''important''' to look at the installation process of the linux (or any other kernel) package. vbox hook will tell you if anything goes wrong.}}<br />
{{Note| If your '''custom kernel''' is using some '''non-standard mkinitcpio configuration file''' (ie. linux-zen is using /etc/mkinitcpio-zen.conf) you'll have to manually add '''vbox''' to the HOOKS array so it can be auto re-compiled after a kernel update.}}<br />
{{Note| If you '''aren't using stock linux''' at all and still wanna use auto recompilation, you should remove linux-headers from SyncFirst list of /etc/pacman.conf after running 'vboxbuild'.}}<br />
<br />
== Basic setup ==<br />
Add the desired username to the '''vboxusers''' [[group]]. Everything may work fine without this step but shared folders and possibly some other optional stuff require it to work. The new group does not automatically apply to existing sessions; the user has to log in again or start a new environment with a command like {{Ic|newgrp}} or {{Ic|sudo -u ''username'' -s}}.<br />
<br />
# gpasswd -a ''username'' vboxusers<br />
<br />
VirtualBox running on Linux uses its own [[kernel modules]], including a mandatory one called '''vboxdrv''', which must be loaded before virtual machines can run. It can be automatically loaded when Arch Linux starts up, or it can be loaded manually when necessary.<br />
<br />
To load the VirtualBox driver at startup, edit {{ic|/etc/[[rc.conf]]}} and add {{ic|vboxdrv}} to the {{ic|MODULES}} array:<br />
MODULES=(... vboxdrv)<br />
<br />
{{Note| You may need to update the kernel modules db in order to avoid 'no such file or directory' error when loading vboxdrv. Run: {{ic|modprobed_db}}.}}<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
There is also the optional networking module<br />
MODULES=(... vboxnetflt)<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxnetflt<br />
<br />
To start the VirtualBox graphical manager:<br />
$ VirtualBox<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions disc ===<br />
The {{Ic|virtualbox}} package also suggests installing {{pkg|virtualbox-additions}} on the host (Arch Linux) running VirtualBox. It is a disc image that can be used to install the guest additions onto guest systems.<br />
<br />
=== Booting a live disc ===<br />
Click the 'New' button to create a new virtual environment. Name it appropriately and select Operating System type and version. Select base memory size (note: most operating systems will need at least 512MB to function properly). Create a new hard disk image (a hard disk image is a file that will contain the operating system's filesystem and files).<br />
<br />
When the new image has been created, click 'Settings', then CD/DVD-ROM, check 'Mount CD/DVD Drive' then select an ISO image.<br />
<br />
== Arch Linux guests ==<br />
Installing Arch under VirtualBox is straightforward, and additions should be installed through pacman (not through "Install Guest Additions" in VirtualBox, or a mounted ISO.) Follow these instructions after doing a basic install of the X-window system found on the [[Beginners' Guide]].<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions package ===<br />
Install {{Pkg|virtualbox-archlinux-additions}}.<br />
<br />
=== Kernel modules ===<br />
Manually load the VirtualBox modules with<br />
<br />
# modprobe -a vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo<br />
<br />
=== Auto-start modules ===<br />
To autostart these modules each time you boot, you can add the three modules above to the MODULES array in ''/etc/rc.conf''.<br />
MODULES=(... vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo)<br />
<br />
=== Enable VboxClient-all ===<br />
The VBoxClient contain these services({{Ic|/usr/bin/VBoxClient-all}}) (copy/paste...) :<br />
<br />
--clipboard start the shared clipboard service<br />
--display start the display management service<br />
--checkhostversion start the host version notifier service<br />
--seamless start the seamless windows service<br />
<br />
So you can Enable VBoxClient-all to start all these services.<br />
<br />
If you are running something that launches {{Ic|/etc/xdg/autostart/vboxclient.desktop}}, such as GNOME, then you should be ready to go. If you use {{Ic|.xinitrc}} to launch things instead, you must add<br />
VBoxClient-all &<br />
to your {{Ic|.xinitrc}} before launching your WM.<br />
<br />
You should now be all set, and all guest additions should work properly.<br />
<br />
== Shared Folders as Arch Linux Guest ==<br />
Shared folders are managed via the VirtualBox program on the host. They may be added, auto-mounted and made read-only from there. Creating a shared folder from the VirtualBox program in the host locates that folder in {{Ic|/media/sf_''SHAREDFOLDERNAME''}}. At this time an additional step is needed to have that folder created in the Arch Guest because Arch use a package for Guest Additions. To create and access this shared folder from the Arch Guest, this must also be done at the command line after installing the Guest Additions package(s) from pacman:<br />
<br />
# groupadd vboxsf<br />
# gpasswd -a $USER vboxsf<br />
<br />
If you wish, a symbolic link may be made to another folder in your home directory for easy access. As an example, if a shared folder named "Dropbox" was created in the VirtualBox program on the host machine, then /media/sf_Dropbox is automatically created in the guest so this could be done:<br />
<br />
$ ln -s /media/sf_Dropbox/* ~/dropbox<br />
<br />
The .run script provided in the Guest Additions iso does this for you, however, Arch does not recommend using that script so this step must be done manually. The instructions for it were found here: (pastebin: [http://pastebin.com/6cUE3kjF]) .<br />
<br />
If shared folders are not auto-mounted, try [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=70780 manually mount] or read the next section.<br />
<br />
=== Synchronise guest date with host ===<br />
To keep sync date add the following to the guest ''/etc/rc.conf'' in DAEMONS entry:<br />
<br />
DAEMONS=(... vbox-service ...)<br />
<br />
You also need run this daemon in order to use auto-mounting feature of shared folders that are mentioned above.<br />
<br />
== Troubleshooting ==<br />
<br />
=== USB subsystem is not working on the host ===<br />
<br />
Sometimes the usb subsystem is not auto-detected resulting in an error, even when the user is in the '''vboxusers''' group. See this topic [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=125785] for details.<br />
<br />
Adding an entry in {{Ic|/etc/fstab}} should resolve this issue:<br />
<br />
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs auto,busgid=108,busmode=0775,devgid=128,devmode=664 0 0<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html VirtualBox User Manual]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=VirtualBox&diff=192321VirtualBox2012-03-31T11:57:49Z<p>GD: even more detail of auto mount</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Virtualization]]<br />
[[Category:Remote Desktop Protocol (English)]]<br />
[[fr:VirtualBox]]<br />
{{i18n|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|This article is about basic usage of VirtualBox, including running the VirtualBox software within an Arch ''host'', and running an Arch ''guest'' inside a VirtualBox virtual machine.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Required software}}<br />
{{Article summary link|VirtualBox|https://www.virtualbox.org}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Extras}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|PhpVirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Arch Linux Guest On Physical Drive}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Advanced VirtualBox Networking}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Installing Arch Linux from VirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
'''VirtualBox''' is a virtual PC emulator like [[VMware]]. It is in constant development and new features are implemented all the time. e.g. version 2.2 introduced OpenGL 3D acceleration support for Linux and Solaris guests. It has a [[Qt]] GUI interface, as well as headless and [[Wikipedia:SDL|SDL]] command line tools for managing and running virtual machines. It includes ''guest additions'' for some guest operating systems, which integrate functions of the guest and host systems, including sharing files, the clipboard, video acceleration and a “seamless” window integration mode.<br />
<br />
{{Wikipedia|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
== Installation on host ==<br />
The basic GPL-licensed VirtualBox suite can be [[pacman|installed]] with the {{Pkg|virtualbox}} package, found in the [[official repositories]]. Note that this will also install {{pkg|virtualbox-modules}}, which contains the precompiled modules for the stock archlinux kernel. For custom kernels, read [[#Hosts running a custom kernel|the section below]].<br />
<br />
In order to use the graphical interface, based on [[Qt]] ({{ic|VirtualBox}} command), you will also need to install the {{Pkg|qt}} package. This is not required for the simpler SDL-only GUI ({{ic|VBoxSDL}} command) nor for the {{ic|VBoxHeadless}} command.<br />
<br />
=== Hosts running a custom kernel ===<br />
VirtualBox works just fine with custom kernels such as [[Linux-ck]] ''without'' the need to keep any of the official ARCH kernel packages on the system. The trick to keeping pacman from bringing down the ARCH kernel packages is to install virtualbox with the {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} package, which contains the source for the virtualbox kernel modules. See {{Bug|26721}} for further explanations.<br />
<br />
Once {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} is installed, simply generate the kernel modules for your custom kernel by running (assuming the system is booted into the custom kernel):<br />
# vboxbuild<br />
and load it:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
=== Automatic re-compilation of the virtualbox modules with every kernel update ===<br />
This is possible thanks to {{AUR|virtualbox-hook}} from the [[AUR]]. In '''virtualbox-hook''', the 'automatic re-compilation' functionality is done by a '''vbox hook''' on [[mkinitcpio]] after forcing to update the '''linux-headers''' package.<br />
<br />
The hook will call the '''vboxbuild''' command to update the virtualbox modules for the version of your new kernel.<br />
<br />
{{Note| If you are using this functionality it's '''important''' to look at the installation process of the linux (or any other kernel) package. vbox hook will tell you if anything goes wrong.}}<br />
{{Note| If your '''custom kernel''' is using some '''non-standard mkinitcpio configuration file''' (ie. linux-zen is using /etc/mkinitcpio-zen.conf) you'll have to manually add '''vbox''' to the HOOKS array so it can be auto re-compiled after a kernel update.}}<br />
{{Note| If you '''aren't using stock linux''' at all and still wanna use auto recompilation, you should remove linux-headers from SyncFirst list of /etc/pacman.conf after running 'vboxbuild'.}}<br />
<br />
== Basic setup ==<br />
Add the desired username to the '''vboxusers''' [[group]]. Everything may work fine without this step but shared folders and possibly some other optional stuff require it to work. The new group does not automatically apply to existing sessions; the user has to log in again or start a new environment with a command like {{Ic|newgrp}} or {{Ic|sudo -u ''username'' -s}}.<br />
<br />
# gpasswd -a ''username'' vboxusers<br />
<br />
VirtualBox running on Linux uses its own [[kernel modules]], including a mandatory one called '''vboxdrv''', which must be loaded before virtual machines can run. It can be automatically loaded when Arch Linux starts up, or it can be loaded manually when necessary.<br />
<br />
To load the VirtualBox driver at startup, edit {{ic|/etc/[[rc.conf]]}} and add {{ic|vboxdrv}} to the {{ic|MODULES}} array:<br />
MODULES=(... vboxdrv)<br />
<br />
{{Note| You may need to update the kernel modules db in order to avoid 'no such file or directory' error when loading vboxdrv. Run: {{ic|modprobed_db}}.}}<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
There is also the optional networking module<br />
MODULES=(... vboxnetflt)<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxnetflt<br />
<br />
To start the VirtualBox graphical manager:<br />
$ VirtualBox<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions disc ===<br />
The {{Ic|virtualbox}} package also suggests installing {{pkg|virtualbox-additions}} on the host (Arch Linux) running VirtualBox. It is a disc image that can be used to install the guest additions onto guest systems.<br />
<br />
=== Booting a live disc ===<br />
Click the 'New' button to create a new virtual environment. Name it appropriately and select Operating System type and version. Select base memory size (note: most operating systems will need at least 512MB to function properly). Create a new hard disk image (a hard disk image is a file that will contain the operating system's filesystem and files).<br />
<br />
When the new image has been created, click 'Settings', then CD/DVD-ROM, check 'Mount CD/DVD Drive' then select an ISO image.<br />
<br />
== Arch Linux guests ==<br />
Installing Arch under VirtualBox is straightforward, and additions should be installed through pacman (not through "Install Guest Additions" in VirtualBox, or a mounted ISO.) Follow these instructions after doing a basic install of the X-window system found on the [[Beginners' Guide]].<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions package ===<br />
Install {{Pkg|virtualbox-archlinux-additions}}.<br />
<br />
=== Kernel modules ===<br />
Manually load the VirtualBox modules with<br />
<br />
# modprobe -a vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo<br />
<br />
=== Auto-start modules ===<br />
To autostart these modules each time you boot, you can add the three modules above to the MODULES array in ''/etc/rc.conf''.<br />
MODULES=(... vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo)<br />
<br />
=== Enable VboxClient-all ===<br />
The VBoxClient contain these services({{Ic|/usr/bin/VBoxClient-all}}) (copy/paste...) :<br />
<br />
--clipboard start the shared clipboard service<br />
--display start the display management service<br />
--checkhostversion start the host version notifier service<br />
--seamless start the seamless windows service<br />
<br />
So you can Enable VBoxClient-all to start all these services.<br />
<br />
If you are running something that launches {{Ic|/etc/xdg/autostart/vboxclient.desktop}}, such as GNOME, then you should be ready to go. If you use {{Ic|.xinitrc}} to launch things instead, you must add<br />
VBoxClient-all &<br />
to your {{Ic|.xinitrc}} before launching your WM.<br />
<br />
You should now be all set, and all guest additions should work properly.<br />
<br />
== Shared Folders as Arch Linux Guest ==<br />
Shared folders are managed via the VirtualBox program on the host. They may be added, auto-mounted and made read-only from there. Creating a shared folder from the VirtualBox program in the host locates that folder in {{Ic|/media/sf_''SHAREDFOLDERNAME''}}. At this time an additional step is needed to have that folder created in the Arch Guest because Arch use a package for Guest Additions. To create and access this shared folder from the Arch Guest, this must also be done at the command line after installing the Guest Additions package(s) from pacman:<br />
<br />
# groupadd vboxsf<br />
# gpasswd -a $USER vboxsf<br />
<br />
If you wish, a symbolic link may be made to another folder in your home directory for easy access. As an example, if a shared folder named "Dropbox" was created in the VirtualBox program on the host machine, then /media/sf_Dropbox is automatically created in the guest so this could be done:<br />
<br />
$ ln -s /media/sf_Dropbox/* ~/dropbox<br />
<br />
The .run script provided in the Guest Additions iso does this for you, however, Arch does not recommend using that script so this step must be done manually. The instructions for it were found here: (pastebin: [http://pastebin.com/6cUE3kjF]) .<br />
<br />
If shared folders not auto mounted, try [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=70780 manually mount] or use {{Ic|VBoxClient-all}} method above or run {{Ic|VBoxService}} (without Xorg depends).<br />
<br />
=== Synchronise guest date with host ===<br />
To keep sync date add the following to the guest ''/etc/rc.conf'' in DAEMONS entry:<br />
<br />
DAEMONS=(... vbox-service ...)<br />
<br />
You also need run this daemon in order to use auto-mounting feature of shared folders that are mentioned above.<br />
<br />
== Troubleshooting ==<br />
<br />
=== USB subsystem is not working on the host ===<br />
<br />
Sometimes the usb subsystem is not auto-detected resulting in an error, even when the user is in the '''vboxusers''' group. See this topic [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=125785] for details.<br />
<br />
Adding an entry in {{Ic|/etc/fstab}} should resolve this issue:<br />
<br />
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs auto,busgid=108,busmode=0775,devgid=128,devmode=664 0 0<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html VirtualBox User Manual]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=VirtualBox&diff=192320VirtualBox2012-03-31T11:06:33Z<p>GD: /* Shared Folders as Arch Linux Guest */ more auto mount detail</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Virtualization]]<br />
[[Category:Remote Desktop Protocol (English)]]<br />
[[fr:VirtualBox]]<br />
{{i18n|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|This article is about basic usage of VirtualBox, including running the VirtualBox software within an Arch ''host'', and running an Arch ''guest'' inside a VirtualBox virtual machine.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Required software}}<br />
{{Article summary link|VirtualBox|https://www.virtualbox.org}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Extras}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|PhpVirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Arch Linux Guest On Physical Drive}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Advanced VirtualBox Networking}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Installing Arch Linux from VirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
'''VirtualBox''' is a virtual PC emulator like [[VMware]]. It is in constant development and new features are implemented all the time. e.g. version 2.2 introduced OpenGL 3D acceleration support for Linux and Solaris guests. It has a [[Qt]] GUI interface, as well as headless and [[Wikipedia:SDL|SDL]] command line tools for managing and running virtual machines. It includes ''guest additions'' for some guest operating systems, which integrate functions of the guest and host systems, including sharing files, the clipboard, video acceleration and a “seamless” window integration mode.<br />
<br />
{{Wikipedia|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
== Installation on host ==<br />
The basic GPL-licensed VirtualBox suite can be [[pacman|installed]] with the {{Pkg|virtualbox}} package, found in the [[official repositories]]. Note that this will also install {{pkg|virtualbox-modules}}, which contains the precompiled modules for the stock archlinux kernel. For custom kernels, read [[#Hosts running a custom kernel|the section below]].<br />
<br />
In order to use the graphical interface, based on [[Qt]] ({{ic|VirtualBox}} command), you will also need to install the {{Pkg|qt}} package. This is not required for the simpler SDL-only GUI ({{ic|VBoxSDL}} command) nor for the {{ic|VBoxHeadless}} command.<br />
<br />
=== Hosts running a custom kernel ===<br />
VirtualBox works just fine with custom kernels such as [[Linux-ck]] ''without'' the need to keep any of the official ARCH kernel packages on the system. The trick to keeping pacman from bringing down the ARCH kernel packages is to install virtualbox with the {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} package, which contains the source for the virtualbox kernel modules. See {{Bug|26721}} for further explanations.<br />
<br />
Once {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} is installed, simply generate the kernel modules for your custom kernel by running (assuming the system is booted into the custom kernel):<br />
# vboxbuild<br />
and load it:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
=== Automatic re-compilation of the virtualbox modules with every kernel update ===<br />
This is possible thanks to {{AUR|virtualbox-hook}} from the [[AUR]]. In '''virtualbox-hook''', the 'automatic re-compilation' functionality is done by a '''vbox hook''' on [[mkinitcpio]] after forcing to update the '''linux-headers''' package.<br />
<br />
The hook will call the '''vboxbuild''' command to update the virtualbox modules for the version of your new kernel.<br />
<br />
{{Note| If you are using this functionality it's '''important''' to look at the installation process of the linux (or any other kernel) package. vbox hook will tell you if anything goes wrong.}}<br />
{{Note| If your '''custom kernel''' is using some '''non-standard mkinitcpio configuration file''' (ie. linux-zen is using /etc/mkinitcpio-zen.conf) you'll have to manually add '''vbox''' to the HOOKS array so it can be auto re-compiled after a kernel update.}}<br />
{{Note| If you '''aren't using stock linux''' at all and still wanna use auto recompilation, you should remove linux-headers from SyncFirst list of /etc/pacman.conf after running 'vboxbuild'.}}<br />
<br />
== Basic setup ==<br />
Add the desired username to the '''vboxusers''' [[group]]. Everything may work fine without this step but shared folders and possibly some other optional stuff require it to work. The new group does not automatically apply to existing sessions; the user has to log in again or start a new environment with a command like {{Ic|newgrp}} or {{Ic|sudo -u ''username'' -s}}.<br />
<br />
# gpasswd -a ''username'' vboxusers<br />
<br />
VirtualBox running on Linux uses its own [[kernel modules]], including a mandatory one called '''vboxdrv''', which must be loaded before virtual machines can run. It can be automatically loaded when Arch Linux starts up, or it can be loaded manually when necessary.<br />
<br />
To load the VirtualBox driver at startup, edit {{ic|/etc/[[rc.conf]]}} and add {{ic|vboxdrv}} to the {{ic|MODULES}} array:<br />
MODULES=(... vboxdrv)<br />
<br />
{{Note| You may need to update the kernel modules db in order to avoid 'no such file or directory' error when loading vboxdrv. Run: {{ic|modprobed_db}}.}}<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
There is also the optional networking module<br />
MODULES=(... vboxnetflt)<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxnetflt<br />
<br />
To start the VirtualBox graphical manager:<br />
$ VirtualBox<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions disc ===<br />
The {{Ic|virtualbox}} package also suggests installing {{pkg|virtualbox-additions}} on the host (Arch Linux) running VirtualBox. It is a disc image that can be used to install the guest additions onto guest systems.<br />
<br />
=== Booting a live disc ===<br />
Click the 'New' button to create a new virtual environment. Name it appropriately and select Operating System type and version. Select base memory size (note: most operating systems will need at least 512MB to function properly). Create a new hard disk image (a hard disk image is a file that will contain the operating system's filesystem and files).<br />
<br />
When the new image has been created, click 'Settings', then CD/DVD-ROM, check 'Mount CD/DVD Drive' then select an ISO image.<br />
<br />
== Arch Linux guests ==<br />
Installing Arch under VirtualBox is straightforward, and additions should be installed through pacman (not through "Install Guest Additions" in VirtualBox, or a mounted ISO.) Follow these instructions after doing a basic install of the X-window system found on the [[Beginners' Guide]].<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions package ===<br />
Install {{Pkg|virtualbox-archlinux-additions}}.<br />
<br />
=== Kernel modules ===<br />
Manually load the VirtualBox modules with<br />
<br />
# modprobe -a vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo<br />
<br />
=== Auto-start modules ===<br />
To autostart these modules each time you boot, you can add the three modules above to the MODULES array in ''/etc/rc.conf''.<br />
MODULES=(... vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo)<br />
<br />
=== Enable VboxClient-all ===<br />
The VBoxClient contain these services({{Ic|/usr/bin/VBoxClient-all}}) (copy/paste...) :<br />
<br />
--clipboard start the shared clipboard service<br />
--display start the display management service<br />
--checkhostversion start the host version notifier service<br />
--seamless start the seamless windows service<br />
<br />
So you can Enable VBoxClient-all to start all these services.<br />
<br />
If you are running something that launches {{Ic|/etc/xdg/autostart/vboxclient.desktop}}, such as GNOME, then you should be ready to go. If you use {{Ic|.xinitrc}} to launch things instead, you must add<br />
VBoxClient-all &<br />
to your {{Ic|.xinitrc}} before launching your WM.<br />
<br />
You should now be all set, and all guest additions should work properly.<br />
<br />
== Shared Folders as Arch Linux Guest ==<br />
Shared folders are managed via the VirtualBox program on the host. They may be added, auto-mounted (if not, read on) and made read-only from there. Creating a shared folder from the VirtualBox program in the host locates that folder in {{Ic|/media/sf_''SHAREDFOLDERNAME''}}. At this time an additional step is needed to have that folder created in the Arch Guest because Arch use a package for Guest Additions. To create and access this shared folder from the Arch Guest, this must also be done at the command line after installing the Guest Additions package(s) from pacman:<br />
<br />
# groupadd vboxsf<br />
# gpasswd -a $USER vboxsf<br />
<br />
If you wish, a symbolic link may be made to another folder in your home directory for easy access. As an example, if a shared folder named "Dropbox" was created in the VirtualBox program on the host machine, then /media/sf_Dropbox is automatically created in the guest so this could be done:<br />
<br />
$ ln -s /media/sf_Dropbox/* ~/dropbox<br />
<br />
The .run script provided in the Guest Additions iso does this for you, however, Arch does not recommend using that script so this step must be done manually. The instructions for it were found here: (pastebin: [http://pastebin.com/6cUE3kjF]) .<br />
<br />
If shared folders not auto-mounted, try [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=70780 manually mount] or run {{Ic|VBoxService}}.<br />
<br />
=== Synchronise guest date with host ===<br />
To keep sync date add the following to the guest ''/etc/rc.conf'' in DAEMONS entry:<br />
<br />
DAEMONS=(... vbox-service ...)<br />
<br />
You also need run this daemon in order to use auto-mounting feature of shared folders that are mentioned above.<br />
<br />
== Troubleshooting ==<br />
<br />
=== USB subsystem is not working on the host ===<br />
<br />
Sometimes the usb subsystem is not auto-detected resulting in an error, even when the user is in the '''vboxusers''' group. See this topic [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=125785] for details.<br />
<br />
Adding an entry in {{Ic|/etc/fstab}} should resolve this issue:<br />
<br />
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs auto,busgid=108,busmode=0775,devgid=128,devmode=664 0 0<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html VirtualBox User Manual]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User_talk:GD&diff=192319User talk:GD2012-03-31T10:56:00Z<p>GD: Created page with "Hi!"</p>
<hr />
<div>Hi!</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User:GD&diff=192318User:GD2012-03-31T10:55:42Z<p>GD: </p>
<hr />
<div>Feel free to ask question on my [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User_talk:GD talk page].</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User_talk:Originalsurfmex&diff=192317User talk:Originalsurfmex2012-03-31T10:53:43Z<p>GD: fix request on VirtualBox</p>
<hr />
<div>Hey, in the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/VirtualBox#Shared_Folders_as_Arch_Linux_Guest VirtualBox] shared folders section, the link of pastebin.com was broken, would you fix that. (for the record: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=VirtualBox&action=historysubmit&diff=172326&oldid=171810 DIFF], 2011-12-04T09:11:03 Originalsurfmex)</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=VirtualBox&diff=192316VirtualBox2012-03-31T10:38:59Z<p>GD: /* Shared Folders as Arch Linux Guest */ I missed next section, so it didn't auto mounted, I think this should be noted.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Virtualization]]<br />
[[Category:Remote Desktop Protocol (English)]]<br />
[[fr:VirtualBox]]<br />
{{i18n|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|This article is about basic usage of VirtualBox, including running the VirtualBox software within an Arch ''host'', and running an Arch ''guest'' inside a VirtualBox virtual machine.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Required software}}<br />
{{Article summary link|VirtualBox|https://www.virtualbox.org}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Extras}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|PhpVirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|VirtualBox Arch Linux Guest On Physical Drive}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Advanced VirtualBox Networking}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Installing Arch Linux from VirtualBox}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
'''VirtualBox''' is a virtual PC emulator like [[VMware]]. It is in constant development and new features are implemented all the time. e.g. version 2.2 introduced OpenGL 3D acceleration support for Linux and Solaris guests. It has a [[Qt]] GUI interface, as well as headless and [[Wikipedia:SDL|SDL]] command line tools for managing and running virtual machines. It includes ''guest additions'' for some guest operating systems, which integrate functions of the guest and host systems, including sharing files, the clipboard, video acceleration and a “seamless” window integration mode.<br />
<br />
{{Wikipedia|VirtualBox}}<br />
<br />
== Installation on host ==<br />
The basic GPL-licensed VirtualBox suite can be [[pacman|installed]] with the {{Pkg|virtualbox}} package, found in the [[official repositories]]. Note that this will also install {{pkg|virtualbox-modules}}, which contains the precompiled modules for the stock archlinux kernel. For custom kernels, read [[#Hosts running a custom kernel|the section below]].<br />
<br />
In order to use the graphical interface, based on [[Qt]] ({{ic|VirtualBox}} command), you will also need to install the {{Pkg|qt}} package. This is not required for the simpler SDL-only GUI ({{ic|VBoxSDL}} command) nor for the {{ic|VBoxHeadless}} command.<br />
<br />
=== Hosts running a custom kernel ===<br />
VirtualBox works just fine with custom kernels such as [[Linux-ck]] ''without'' the need to keep any of the official ARCH kernel packages on the system. The trick to keeping pacman from bringing down the ARCH kernel packages is to install virtualbox with the {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} package, which contains the source for the virtualbox kernel modules. See {{Bug|26721}} for further explanations.<br />
<br />
Once {{pkg|virtualbox-source}} is installed, simply generate the kernel modules for your custom kernel by running (assuming the system is booted into the custom kernel):<br />
# vboxbuild<br />
and load it:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
=== Automatic re-compilation of the virtualbox modules with every kernel update ===<br />
This is possible thanks to {{AUR|virtualbox-hook}} from the [[AUR]]. In '''virtualbox-hook''', the 'automatic re-compilation' functionality is done by a '''vbox hook''' on [[mkinitcpio]] after forcing to update the '''linux-headers''' package.<br />
<br />
The hook will call the '''vboxbuild''' command to update the virtualbox modules for the version of your new kernel.<br />
<br />
{{Note| If you are using this functionality it's '''important''' to look at the installation process of the linux (or any other kernel) package. vbox hook will tell you if anything goes wrong.}}<br />
{{Note| If your '''custom kernel''' is using some '''non-standard mkinitcpio configuration file''' (ie. linux-zen is using /etc/mkinitcpio-zen.conf) you'll have to manually add '''vbox''' to the HOOKS array so it can be auto re-compiled after a kernel update.}}<br />
{{Note| If you '''aren't using stock linux''' at all and still wanna use auto recompilation, you should remove linux-headers from SyncFirst list of /etc/pacman.conf after running 'vboxbuild'.}}<br />
<br />
== Basic setup ==<br />
Add the desired username to the '''vboxusers''' [[group]]. Everything may work fine without this step but shared folders and possibly some other optional stuff require it to work. The new group does not automatically apply to existing sessions; the user has to log in again or start a new environment with a command like {{Ic|newgrp}} or {{Ic|sudo -u ''username'' -s}}.<br />
<br />
# gpasswd -a ''username'' vboxusers<br />
<br />
VirtualBox running on Linux uses its own [[kernel modules]], including a mandatory one called '''vboxdrv''', which must be loaded before virtual machines can run. It can be automatically loaded when Arch Linux starts up, or it can be loaded manually when necessary.<br />
<br />
To load the VirtualBox driver at startup, edit {{ic|/etc/[[rc.conf]]}} and add {{ic|vboxdrv}} to the {{ic|MODULES}} array:<br />
MODULES=(... vboxdrv)<br />
<br />
{{Note| You may need to update the kernel modules db in order to avoid 'no such file or directory' error when loading vboxdrv. Run: {{ic|modprobed_db}}.}}<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxdrv<br />
<br />
There is also the optional networking module<br />
MODULES=(... vboxnetflt)<br />
<br />
To load the module manually:<br />
# modprobe vboxnetflt<br />
<br />
To start the VirtualBox graphical manager:<br />
$ VirtualBox<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions disc ===<br />
The {{Ic|virtualbox}} package also suggests installing {{pkg|virtualbox-additions}} on the host (Arch Linux) running VirtualBox. It is a disc image that can be used to install the guest additions onto guest systems.<br />
<br />
=== Booting a live disc ===<br />
Click the 'New' button to create a new virtual environment. Name it appropriately and select Operating System type and version. Select base memory size (note: most operating systems will need at least 512MB to function properly). Create a new hard disk image (a hard disk image is a file that will contain the operating system's filesystem and files).<br />
<br />
When the new image has been created, click 'Settings', then CD/DVD-ROM, check 'Mount CD/DVD Drive' then select an ISO image.<br />
<br />
== Arch Linux guests ==<br />
Installing Arch under VirtualBox is straightforward, and additions should be installed through pacman (not through "Install Guest Additions" in VirtualBox, or a mounted ISO.) Follow these instructions after doing a basic install of the X-window system found on the [[Beginners' Guide]].<br />
<br />
=== Guest additions package ===<br />
Install {{Pkg|virtualbox-archlinux-additions}}.<br />
<br />
=== Kernel modules ===<br />
Manually load the VirtualBox modules with<br />
<br />
# modprobe -a vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo<br />
<br />
=== Auto-start modules ===<br />
To autostart these modules each time you boot, you can add the three modules above to the MODULES array in ''/etc/rc.conf''.<br />
MODULES=(... vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo)<br />
<br />
=== Enable VboxClient-all ===<br />
The VBoxClient contain these services({{Ic|/usr/bin/VBoxClient-all}}) (copy/paste...) :<br />
<br />
--clipboard start the shared clipboard service<br />
--display start the display management service<br />
--checkhostversion start the host version notifier service<br />
--seamless start the seamless windows service<br />
<br />
So you can Enable VBoxClient-all to start all these services.<br />
<br />
If you are running something that launches {{Ic|/etc/xdg/autostart/vboxclient.desktop}}, such as GNOME, then you should be ready to go. If you use {{Ic|.xinitrc}} to launch things instead, you must add<br />
VBoxClient-all &<br />
to your {{Ic|.xinitrc}} before launching your WM.<br />
<br />
You should now be all set, and all guest additions should work properly.<br />
<br />
== Shared Folders as Arch Linux Guest ==<br />
Shared folders are managed via the VirtualBox program on the host. They may be added, auto-mounted (if not, read the next section) and made read-only from there. Creating a shared folder from the VirtualBox program in the host locates that folder in {{Ic|/media/sf_''SHAREDFOLDERNAME''}}. At this time an additional step is needed to have that folder created in the Arch Guest because Arch use a package for Guest Additions. To create and access this shared folder from the Arch Guest, this must also be done at the command line after installing the Guest Additions package(s) from pacman:<br />
<br />
# groupadd vboxsf<br />
# gpasswd -a $USER vboxsf<br />
<br />
If you wish, a symbolic link may be made to another folder in your home directory for easy access. As an example, if a shared folder named "Dropbox" was created in the VirtualBox program on the host machine, then /media/sf_Dropbox is automatically created in the guest so this could be done:<br />
<br />
$ ln -s /media/sf_Dropbox/* ~/dropbox<br />
<br />
The .run script provided in the Guest Additions iso does this for you, however, Arch does not recommend using that script so this step must be done manually. The instructions for it were found here: (pastebin: [http://pastebin.com/6cUE3kjF]) .<br />
<br />
=== Synchronise guest date with host ===<br />
To keep sync date add the following to the guest ''/etc/rc.conf'' in DAEMONS entry:<br />
<br />
DAEMONS=(... vbox-service ...)<br />
<br />
You also need run this daemon in order to use auto-mounting feature of shared folders that are mentioned above.<br />
<br />
== Troubleshooting ==<br />
<br />
=== USB subsystem is not working on the host ===<br />
<br />
Sometimes the usb subsystem is not auto-detected resulting in an error, even when the user is in the '''vboxusers''' group. See this topic [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=125785] for details.<br />
<br />
Adding an entry in {{Ic|/etc/fstab}} should resolve this issue:<br />
<br />
none /proc/bus/usb usbfs auto,busgid=108,busmode=0775,devgid=128,devmode=664 0 0<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
* [http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/UserManual.html VirtualBox User Manual]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Apache_OpenOffice_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=160448Apache OpenOffice (简体中文)2011-09-17T10:42:30Z<p>GD: /* Arch Linux中的OpenOffice */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
[[Category:Office (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
{{i18n|OpenOffice}}<br />
{{out of date}}<br />
<br />
==Arch Linux中的OpenOffice==<br />
Arch Linux官方已经结束了对OpenOffice.org的支持,并选择了[[LibreOffice (简体中文)]]。了解详情:[http://mailman.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-general/2011-March/018819.html Dropping Oracle OpenOffice (arch-general)].<br />
<br />
推荐使用[[LibreOffice (简体中文)]]。</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=LibreOffice_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=160446LibreOffice (简体中文)2011-09-17T10:19:36Z<p>GD: added category, i18n, expansion flag</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
[[Category:Office (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
{{i18n|LibreOffice}}<br />
{{Expansion}}<br />
<br />
==安装==<br />
<br />
安装几个字体,否则你将只能看到方块:<br />
# pacman -S ttf-dejavu artwiz-fonts<br />
<br />
安装以下包,根据提示进行选择即可:<br />
# pacman -S libreoffice<br />
<br />
==更多==<br />
<br />
本页面信息不全,更多信息请参考英文页面:[[LibreOffice]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Apache_OpenOffice_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=160444Apache OpenOffice (简体中文)2011-09-17T10:15:25Z<p>GD: changed LibreOffice link to zh_CN.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
[[Category:Office (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
{{i18n|OpenOffice}}<br />
{{out of date}}<br />
<br />
==Arch Linux中的OpenOffice==<br />
官方已经结束了对OpenOffice.org的支持,并选择了[[LibreOffice (简体中文)]]。了解详情:[http://mailman.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-general/2011-March/018819.html Dropping Oracle OpenOffice (arch-general)].<br />
<br />
推荐使用[[LibreOffice (简体中文)]]。</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=LibreOffice_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=160443LibreOffice (简体中文)2011-09-17T10:13:56Z<p>GD: init, added basic info</p>
<hr />
<div>==安装==<br />
<br />
安装几个字体,否则你将只能看到方块:<br />
# pacman -S ttf-dejavu artwiz-fonts<br />
<br />
安装以下包,根据提示进行选择即可:<br />
# pacman -S libreoffice<br />
<br />
==更多==<br />
<br />
本页面不全,更多信息请参考英文页面:[[LibreOffice]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Apache_OpenOffice_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=160439Apache OpenOffice (简体中文)2011-09-17T10:07:14Z<p>GD: removed everything that was out dates for a long long time and moved something to LibreOffice</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
[[Category:Office (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
{{i18n|OpenOffice}}<br />
{{out of date}}<br />
<br />
==Arch Linux中的OpenOffice==<br />
官方已经结束了对OpenOffice.org的支持,并选择了[[LibreOffice]]。了解详情:[http://mailman.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-general/2011-March/018819.html Dropping Oracle OpenOffice (arch-general)].<br />
<br />
推荐使用[[LibreOffice]]。</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User-mode_Linux&diff=118745User-mode Linux2010-10-06T06:21:29Z<p>GD: page moved, now fix i18n</p>
<hr />
<div>{{i18n|User-mode Linux}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{out of date}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
==== What is user-mode-linux?====<br />
User-mode-linux (UML) is a method to run linux inside linux as a normal process. Please check [http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/] for in detail information what uml is and how it works.<br><br />
This wiki article is a summary of [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=12553 this posting]. If you have any ideas or suggestions please post them there.<br><br />
<br />
==== Why use UML?====<br />
Running UML is a safe way to run multiple instances of (arch-)linux at the same time. The single processes are seperated from each other, which makes it secure to run for example a testing instance and a productive one on the same machine. If something goes wrong inside the testing instance, it does not interfere with the host linux or the productive instance.<br />
<br />
==== HOWTO====<br />
==== Prerequisites:====<br />
<br />
* User-mode-linux kernel ([http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=26916 user-mode-linux])<br />
* uml_utilities, especially the tunctl programm (installed automatically with the uml kernel)<br />
<br />
==== Let's start====<br />
1.) First you have to create a single, big file into which you will install arch. This command creates a single 1GB file, only containing zeros - should be enough for a basic arch installation.<br />
<pre><br />
dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs bs=1MB count=1000<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
2.) After the build process you have to format the root filesystem image:<br />
<pre><br />
mke2fs -F rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
3.) After formatting the file you have to mount it. Executing the following command as root does the job (you have also to load the loop module with modprobe):<br />
<pre><br />
mount -o loop rootfs /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
4.) Now the installation of the basic system may start:<br />
<pre><br />
mkdir -p /mnt/var/lib/pacman<br />
pacman -S base -r /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
5.) Before the system can be booted with user-mode-linux, some files inside the arch basic system have to be customised. Add this line to ''/mnt/etc/fstab'':<br />
<pre><br />
/dev/ubd0 / ext2 defaults 0 0<br />
</pre><br />
To avoid long boot time you are advised to disabled hotplugin in ''/mnt/etc/rc.conf'':<br />
<pre><br />
DAEMONS=(syslog-ng !hotplug !pcmcia network netfs crond)<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
6.) Now unmount the filesystem. <b>NOTE:</b> If you change ''anything'' inside your mounted filesystem (e.g. /mnt) while it is ''running'' it may lead to significant fs corruption inside your virtual machine and ''kill'' it!<br />
<pre><br />
umount /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
7.) Next step is to setup networking. Therefore you create a so called tun device (Please visit the [[http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html uml howto]] for further information about tun/tap), and give it an IP address. The following lines load the necessary tun module, create a tun/tap device that is readable by the users group and set it up with the given ip address. For security you should consider to create a certain uml group with read permissions for the network device.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe tun<br />
tunctl -u users<br />
chown root.users /dev/net/tun<br />
ifconfig tun0 192.168.0.100 up<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
8.) Now you can boot the image. To use the network you have to announce the proper device to the uml kernel. (Mind that the user running the uml command needs enough rights to access the tun device!)<br />
<pre><br />
linux ubd0=rootfs eth0=tuntap,,,192.168.0.100<br />
</pre><br />
The ",,," mean:<br />
<pre><br />
eth0=transport,tuntap device,MAC address,ip<br />
</pre><br />
Example:<br />
<pre><br />
eth0=tuntap,tap0,3f:2a:bb:00:00:00,192.168.3.23<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Have fun playing with uml.</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User_Mode_Linux&diff=118744User Mode Linux2010-10-06T06:20:30Z<p>GD: moved User Mode Linux to User-mode Linux: moved to official name</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[User-mode Linux]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User-mode_Linux&diff=118743User-mode Linux2010-10-06T06:20:30Z<p>GD: moved User Mode Linux to User-mode Linux: moved to official name</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{{i18n|Arch User Mode Linux HowTo}}<br />
<br />
<br />
{{out of date}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
==== What is user-mode-linux?====<br />
User-mode-linux (UML) is a method to run linux inside linux as a normal process. Please check [http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/] for in detail information what uml is and how it works.<br><br />
This wiki article is a summary of [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=12553 this posting]. If you have any ideas or suggestions please post them there.<br><br />
<br />
==== Why use UML?====<br />
Running UML is a safe way to run multiple instances of (arch-)linux at the same time. The single processes are seperated from each other, which makes it secure to run for example a testing instance and a productive one on the same machine. If something goes wrong inside the testing instance, it does not interfere with the host linux or the productive instance.<br />
<br />
==== HOWTO====<br />
==== Prerequisites:====<br />
<br />
* User-mode-linux kernel ([http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=26916 user-mode-linux])<br />
* uml_utilities, especially the tunctl programm (installed automatically with the uml kernel)<br />
<br />
==== Let's start====<br />
1.) First you have to create a single, big file into which you will install arch. This command creates a single 1GB file, only containing zeros - should be enough for a basic arch installation.<br />
<pre><br />
dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs bs=1MB count=1000<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
2.) After the build process you have to format the root filesystem image:<br />
<pre><br />
mke2fs -F rootfs<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
3.) After formatting the file you have to mount it. Executing the following command as root does the job (you have also to load the loop module with modprobe):<br />
<pre><br />
mount -o loop rootfs /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
4.) Now the installation of the basic system may start:<br />
<pre><br />
mkdir -p /mnt/var/lib/pacman<br />
pacman -S base -r /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
5.) Before the system can be booted with user-mode-linux, some files inside the arch basic system have to be customised. Add this line to ''/mnt/etc/fstab'':<br />
<pre><br />
/dev/ubd0 / ext2 defaults 0 0<br />
</pre><br />
To avoid long boot time you are advised to disabled hotplugin in ''/mnt/etc/rc.conf'':<br />
<pre><br />
DAEMONS=(syslog-ng !hotplug !pcmcia network netfs crond)<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
6.) Now unmount the filesystem. <b>NOTE:</b> If you change ''anything'' inside your mounted filesystem (e.g. /mnt) while it is ''running'' it may lead to significant fs corruption inside your virtual machine and ''kill'' it!<br />
<pre><br />
umount /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
7.) Next step is to setup networking. Therefore you create a so called tun device (Please visit the [[http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html uml howto]] for further information about tun/tap), and give it an IP address. The following lines load the necessary tun module, create a tun/tap device that is readable by the users group and set it up with the given ip address. For security you should consider to create a certain uml group with read permissions for the network device.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe tun<br />
tunctl -u users<br />
chown root.users /dev/net/tun<br />
ifconfig tun0 192.168.0.100 up<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
8.) Now you can boot the image. To use the network you have to announce the proper device to the uml kernel. (Mind that the user running the uml command needs enough rights to access the tun device!)<br />
<pre><br />
linux ubd0=rootfs eth0=tuntap,,,192.168.0.100<br />
</pre><br />
The ",,," mean:<br />
<pre><br />
eth0=transport,tuntap device,MAC address,ip<br />
</pre><br />
Example:<br />
<pre><br />
eth0=tuntap,tap0,3f:2a:bb:00:00:00,192.168.3.23<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Have fun playing with uml.</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User-mode_Linux_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=118742User-mode Linux (简体中文)2010-10-06T06:19:45Z<p>GD: i18n updated again:)</p>
<hr />
<div>{{i18n|User-mode Linux}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Emulation (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
==== 什么是 user-mode-linux?====<br />
User-mode-linux (UML) 是让一个linux作为一个独立进程运行在另一个linux上。 请在[http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/] 查找 uml 的详细安装使用指南。<br><br />
这篇 wiki 文章是 [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=12553 这帖] 概要。 如果你有任何意见和建议可以在这回帖。<br><br />
<br />
==== 为什么使用 UML?====<br />
UML 是一种在同一时间运行多 (arch-)linux 的安全方式。 每个进程都是独立去其它的, 这非常安全,例如在同一机器上进行多种测试和开发而不互相干扰。如果一些测试进程损坏并不会影响宿主系统或者开发用进程。<br />
<br />
==== HOWTO====<br />
==== 运行所需:====<br />
<br />
* User-mode-linux 内核(pacman -Sy user-mode-linux 就可以)<br />
* uml_工具, 特别使 tunctl 程序 (会在安装 uml 内核后有)<br />
* [http://painkiller.one.pl/~lucke/archbootstrap archbootstrap 脚本]. 在 [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=4020 这个主题] 进行讨论.<br />
<br />
==== 现在开始====<br />
1.) 首先您要创在一个独立、大的文件用来安装 arch。 如下命令会创造一个独立的空的 1GB 文件 - 应该足够安装一个基 arch 系统。<br />
<pre><br />
dd if=/dev/zero of=archRootFs bs=1MB count=1000<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
2.) 当创建完成后格式化。 如下命令将会提示 archRootFs 不是一个 block 设备。 你可以完全忽律或这加入 ''-F'' 来 mke2fs 可以屏蔽提示信息。<br />
<pre><br />
mke2fs archRootFS<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
3.) 格式化后加载它。 以root用户执行如下命令:<br />
<pre><br />
mount -o loop archRootFs /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
4.) 现在开始基本系统安装。您可以用 archbootstrap 脚本, 这会象光盘安装一样不同的是这个安装从指定目录开始。这是一个真实的基本系统安装 - 因而会花费一点时间!<br />
<pre><br />
sh archbootstrap /mnt/ ftp://archlinux-mirror<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
5.) 在系统以 user-mode-linux 模式启动之前, 一些 arch 基本系统文件要求定制。 在 ''/mnt/etc/fstab'' 加入:<br />
<pre><br />
/dev/ubd0 / ext2 defaults 0 0<br />
</pre><br />
可以通过禁用 hotplugin 来加快启动时间,在 ''/mnt/etc/rc.conf'' 加入:<br />
<pre><br />
DAEMONS=(syslog-ng !hotplug !pcmcia network netfs crond)<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
6.) 卸载文件系统。 <b>注意:</b> 如果你在加载的系统中改变 ''任何东西'' (例如 /mnt) 如果它在 ''运行'' 这些有可能 ''毁了'' 它 !<br />
<pre><br />
umount /mnt<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
7.) 下一步是配置网络。 因此您要创建 tun 设备 (请阅读 [[http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/UserModeLinux-HOWTO-6.html uml howto]] 得到具体的 tun/tap 信息), 分配一个 IP 地址。 如下命令将会创建 tun/tap 设备并让普通用户能够使用,然后分配 ip 地址。为了安全起见您最好建立一个 uml 用户组并赋予使用网络设备的权限。 <pre><br />
modprobe tun<br />
tunctl -u users<br />
chown root.users /dev/net/tun<br />
ifconfig tun0 192.168.0.100 up<br />
</pre><br />
<br><br />
8.) 现在您能启动镜像。为了使用网络,您要在 uml 内核中声明正确的设备值。 (确保普通用户通过运行 uml 命令有足够的权限使用网络!)<br />
<pre><br />
linux ubd0=archRootFs eth0=tuntap,,,192.168.0.100<br />
</pre><br />
",,," 意思是:<br />
<pre><br />
eth0=transport,tuntap device,MAC adress,ip<br />
</pre><br />
例如:<br />
<pre><br />
eth0=tuntap,tap0,3f:2a:bb:00:00:00,192.168.3.23<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
祝您开心使用 uml。</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Lightweight_Applications&diff=118698Lightweight Applications2010-10-05T10:25:07Z<p>GD: /* Window managers */ a small fix</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Other desktop user's resources (English)]][[Category:General (English)]]<br />
{{i18n|Lightweight Applications}}<br />
<br />
Provides a list of lightweight software for those who wish to use programs that require less computer resources.<br />
<br />
==Internet==<br />
===Browsers===<br />
<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Abaco (web browser)|Abaco]]|A multi-page graphical web browser|http://lab-fgb.com/abaco/|{{Package AUR|abaco}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Arora (browser)|Arora]]|A cross platform web browser built using Qt and WebKit|http://code.google.com/p/arora/|{{Package Official|arora}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]]|The middleweight, open-source project behind Google Chrome|http://code.google.com/chromium/|{{Package Official|chromium}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Conkeror|Conkeror]]|A highly programmable web browser based on Mozilla XULRunner|http://conkeror.org/|{{Package Official|conkeror}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Dillo|Dillo]]|A small, fast graphical web browser built on FLTK|http://www.dillo.org/|{{Package Official|dillo}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:ELinks|ELinks]]|An advanced and well-established feature-rich text mode web browser|http://elinks.or.cz/|{{Package Official|elinks}}}}<br />
{{App|Hv3|A minimalist web browser based on tkhtml3|http://tkhtml.tcl.tk/hv3.html|{{Package AUR|hv3}}}}<br />
[http://pwmt.org/projects/jumanji jumanji] - "a highly customizable and functional web browser"<br />
<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Kazehakase|Kazehakase]]|GTK+ web browser that uses the Gecko rendering engine|http://kazehakase.sourceforge.jp/|{{Package Official|kazehakase}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Links (web browser)|Links]]|A text WWW browser, similar to Lynx|http://links.twibright.com/|{{Package Official|links}}}}<br />
<br />
[http://luakit.org/projects/luakit/ Luakit] is a highly configurable, micro-browser framework based on the WebKit web content engine and the GTK+ toolkit. It is very fast, extensible by Lua and licensed under the GNU GPLv3 license.<br />
<br />
[http://www.twotoasts.de/index.php?/pages/midori_summary.html Midori] is a lightweight web browser based on Gtk and WebKit. It passes the ACID3 test (midori-git/AUR).<br />
<br />
[http://www.netsurf-browser.org Netsurf] is a featherweight browser written in C. Notable is its lack of JavaScript support and fast rendering through its own custom rendering engine.<br />
<br />
[http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=37037 Sb] - A very lightweight webkit-based browser that uses keybindings to perform most things the URL bar would usually do.<br />
<br />
[http://surf.suckless.org surf] is another lightweight WebKit-based browser, which follows the [[suck less philosophy|suckless ideology]]. Which means, the software is even more lightweight (basically, the browser itself is a single C source file).<br />
<br />
[[Uzbl]] - "web interface tools which adhere to the unix philosophy."<br />
<br />
===Email Clients===<br />
<br />
[[alpine]] is another powerful, and user-friendly text-based mail and news client.<br />
<br />
[[mutt]] is a small but very powerful text-based mail client.<br />
<br />
[http://sylpheed.sraoss.jp/en/ Sylpheed] is a simple, lightweight but featureful, and easy-to-use GTK based e-mail client.<br />
<br />
[http://www.claws-mail.org/ Claws] is a user-friendly, lightweight, and fast GTK based email client.<br />
<br />
[[sup]] is yet another powerful, text-based mail client; it is still under development.<br />
<br />
===Instant Messengers===<br />
<br />
[[Bitlbee]] is a way to use other IM to your [[#IRC]] client.<br />
<br />
[http://funpidgin.sourceforge.net/ Carrier] is a fork of Pidgin with more options.<br />
<br />
[http://www.centerim.org Centerim] is a curses based fork of Centericq which supports several protocols.<br />
<br />
[http://www.emesene.org/ emesene] is a Python/GTK+ instant messenger for the Windows Live Messenger network.<br />
<br />
[http://developer.pidgin.im/wiki/Using%20Finch Finch] is a curses based version of Pidgin.<br />
<br />
[[Pidgin]] is a multiprotocol instant messenger.<br />
<br />
[http://pidgin.im Pidgin Light] is a light Pidgin version without gstreamer, tcl, tk, xscreensaver support.<br />
<br />
===IRC===<br />
<br />
[http://nenolod.net/ Conspire] Lightweight, simple, and powerful.<br />
<br />
[[Irssi]] is a modular text mode IRC client with Perl scripting.<br />
<br />
[http://tools.suckless.org/ii II] Ultimate lightweight, literally `tail -f` the convo and `echo` back your replies.<br />
<br />
[http://www.ueber.net/code/r/ircfs ircfs] is a file system interface to irc written in [http://limbo.cat-v.org Limbo].<br />
<br />
[http://lostirc.sourceforge.net LostIRC] is a simple IRC client.<br />
<br />
[http://www.scrollz.com ScrollZ] is an advanced IRC client based on ircII.<br />
<br />
[http://weechat.org/ WeeChat] is a fast, light & extensible curses-based IRC client.<br />
<br />
[http://xchat.org XChat] is a GTK+ X client with Perl and Python scripting support.<br />
<br />
[http://bitbucket.org/emg/pcw pcw] is a frontend for [http://tools.suckless.org/ii ii] that opens a new terminal for each channel (depends on [http://bitbucket.org/emg/srw srw] by default)<br />
<br />
===Torrents===<br />
{{App|[[aria2]]|Command-line download manager that supports HTTP/HTTPS, FTP, BitTorrent and MetaLink protocols|http://aria2.sourceforge.net/|{{Package Official|aria2}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Deluge_(software)|Deluge]]|PyGTK torrent client with daemon, webgui, and many other functionalities. I recommend Deluge-GIT from the AUR as it has many vital bugfixes.|http://deluge-torrent.org/|{{Package Official|deluge}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:QBittorrent|qBittorrent]]|The closest open source (GNU GPL v2 license) equivalent to µtorrent|http://qbittorrent.sourceforge.net/|{{Package Official|qbittorrent}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:RTorrent|rTorrent]]|Simple and lightweight ncurses BitTorrent client|http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/|{{Package Official|rtorrent}}}}<br />
{{App|[[Wikipedia:Transmission (BitTorrent client)|Transmission]]|Simple and easy-to-use BitTorrent client with (GTK+) GUI and CLI front-ends|http://www.transmissionbt.com/|{{Package Official|transmission}}}}<br />
<br />
===News Aggregators===<br />
[[Canto]] - A ncurses RSS aggregator http://codezen.org/canto/<br />
<br />
[[Gnus]] - mail, nntp, rss client for Emacs.<br />
<br />
[[Newsbeuter]] - A ncurses RSS aggregator with layout and keybinding similar to mutt. Does not use the traditional 3 panes setup.<br />
<br />
[[Rawdog]] - An "RSS Aggregator Without Delusions Of Grandeur" that parses RSS/CDF/Atom feeds into a static HTML page of articles in date order http://offog.org/code/rawdog.html<br />
<br />
[[Snownews]] - Text mode RSS newsreader.<br />
<br />
==Multimedia==<br />
<br />
===Audio Players===<br />
<br />
[http://ario-player.sourceforge.net/ Ario] is very feature-rich GTK2 client for [[mpd]], inspired by Rhythmbox<br />
<br />
[http://cmus.sourceforge.net/ C* Music Player] is a very feature-rich ncurses-based music player.<br />
<br />
[http://deadbeef.sourceforge.net/ Deadbeef] is a light and fast music player with many features, no GNOME or KDE dependencies, supports console-only and as well GTK2-gui, comes with many plugins, and has a metadata editor. <br />
<br />
[http://sourceforge.net/projects/cplay/ cplay] is a curses front-end for various audio players.<br />
<br />
[http://code.google.com/p/gogglesmm/ Goggles Music Manager] is a music collection manager and player that automatically categorizes your music, supports gapless playback, features easy tag editing, and internet radio support.<br />
<br />
[http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=11623 Herrie] is a minimalistic console-based music player with native AudioScrobbler support.<br />
<br />
[http://moc.daper.net/ MOC (Music On Console)] is an ncurses console audio player with support for the MP3, Ogg, and WAV formats.<br />
<br />
[http://hem.bredband.net/kaw/ncmpc/ ncmpc] is a curses client for [[mpd]].<br />
<br />
[http://unkart.ovh.org/ncmpcpp/ ncmpcpp] is an almost exact clone of ncmpc with some new features.<br />
<br />
[http://pragha.wikispaces.com/ Pragha] is a GTK+ music manager that was a fork of Consonance Music Manager.<br />
<br />
[http://www.archlinux.org/packages/community/i686/qmpdclient/ QmpdClient] is Qt4 based mpd client.<br />
<br />
[http://sonata.berlios.de/ Sonata] is an elegant GTK+ music client for [[mpd]].<br />
<br />
[http://www.mpg123.de/ mpg123] A fast free MP3 console audio player for Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Hpux and near all other UNIX systems. Also decodes mp1 and mp2 files.<br />
<br />
[http://deadbeef.sourceforge.net/ DeaDBeeF] Ultimate Music Player For GNU/Linux<br />
<br />
===Image Editors===<br />
<br />
[http://mtpaint.sourceforge.net/ mtPaint] is a graphic editing program geared towards creating indexed palette images and pixel art.<br />
<br />
===Image Viewers===<br />
<br />
[http://linuxbrit.co.uk/feh/ Feh] is a fast, lightweight image viewer that uses imlib2.<br />
<br />
[http://lxde.sourceforge.net/gpicview/ GPicView] is a simple and fast image viewer for X. Made by the developers of [[LXDE]]<br />
<br />
[http://gqview.sourceforge.net/ GQview] is an image browser that features single click access to view images and move around the directory tree.<br />
<br />
[http://geeqie.sourceforge.net/ Geeqie] is an image browser/viewer fork of GQview. Adds additional functionality such as support for RAW files.<br />
<br />
{{App|Mirage|PyGTK image viewer featuring support for crop and resize, custom actions and a thumbnail pane.|http://mirageiv.berlios.de|{{Package Official|mirage}}}}<br />
<br />
[http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/ristretto Ristretto] is a fast and lightweight picture-viewer for the Xfce desktop environment.<br />
<br />
[http://spiegl.de/qiv/ QIV] (Quick Image Viewer) is a very small and fast gdk/Imlib image viewer.<br />
<br />
{{App|Viewnior|Minimalistic GTK2 viewer featuring support for flip, rotate, animations and configurable mouse actions|http://xsisqox.github.com/Viewnior/about.html|{{Package Official|viewnior}}}}<br />
<br />
[http://web.archive.org/web/19981207030422/http://world.std.com/~jimf/xloadimage.html Xloadimage] is the classic X image viewer.<br />
<br />
===Video Players===<br />
<br />
[http://kdekorte.googlepages.com/gnomemplayer Gnome-Mplayer] is a simple GTK-based GUI for [[mplayer]] without GNOME dependencies<br />
<br />
[[mplayer]] and [[mencoder]] support a complete and versatile array of video/audio formats.<br />
<br />
[http://smplayer.sourceforge.net/ SMPlayer] is a middleweight QT frontend for mplayer with additional patches.<br />
<br />
[http://www.videolan.org/vlc/ VLC] is a a middleweight video player with support for a wide variety of audio/video formats.<br />
<br />
==Office==<br />
<br />
===Calendars===<br />
<br />
[http://palcal.sourceforge.net/ Pal] is a very lightweight calendar with both interactive and non-interactive interfaces.<br />
<br />
[http://culot.org/calcurse/ Calcurse] is a text-based curses calendar and scheduling system.<br />
<br />
[http://www.roaringpenguin.com/products/remind Remind] is a highly sophisticated text-based calendaring and notification system.<br />
<br />
[http://pessimization.com/software/wyrd/ Wyrd] is an curses front-end to Remind.<br />
<br />
[http://www.duke.edu/~dgraham/wxRemind/ wxRemind] is a Python text and graphical frontend to Remind.<br />
<br />
===PDF Tools===<br />
<br />
[http://code.google.com/p/apvlv/ apvlv] is a lightweight PDF viewer with VIM key bindings.<br />
<br />
[http://www.emma-soft.com/projects/epdfview/ ePDFView] is a free lightweight PDF document viewer using Poppler and GTK+ libraries.<br />
<br />
[http://ccxvii.net/mupdf/ MuPDF] is very fast PDF viewer and toolkit written in portable C. Features CJK font support.<br />
<br />
[http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/ Xpdf] is a viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF) files.<br />
<br />
[http://zathura.pwmt.org/projects/zathura zathura] is another lightweight PDF viewer similar to apvlv, only lighter<br />
<br />
===Text Editors===<br />
<br />
[http://acme.cat-v.org Acme] a minimalist and flexible programming environment by Rob Pike.<br />
<br />
[http://www.nongnu.org/beaver/ Beaver] is an Early AdVanced EditoR.<br />
<br />
[http://www.geany.org Geany] is a text editor using the GTK+ 2 toolkit with basic features of an integrated development environment.<br />
<br />
[http://tarot.freeshell.org/leafpad/ Leafpad] is a notepad clone for GTK+ 2.x that emphasizes simplicity.<br />
<br />
[http://mooedit.sourceforge.net/ medit] is a lightweight IDE text editor featuring support for tabs, sessions, plugins and syntax highlighting.<br />
<br />
[http://www.xfce.org/projects/mousepad/ Mousepad] is a simple text editor for Xfce based on Leafpad.<br />
<br />
[[nano]] is a console text editor based on pico with on-screen key binding help.<br />
<br />
[http://pyroom.org/ PyRoom] is a great distractionless PyGTK text editor, a clone of the infamous WriteRoom<br />
<br />
[http://sam.cat-v.org Sam] a graphical text editor by Rob Pike (still used by Ken Thompson and others).<br />
<br />
Vi, [[Vim]], gVim, the classic vi text editor.<br />
<br />
===Word Processors===<br />
<br />
[[Abiword]] is a full-featured word processor, there is also an even lighter version in the AUR, [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=25601/ Abiword-light].<br />
<br />
[http://txt2tags.sourceforge.net txt2tags] is a dead-simple, KISS-compliant lightweight, human-readable markup language to produce rich format content out of plain text files<br />
<br />
===Todo List Managers===<br />
[http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=7673 Todo.txt] manages your Todo list from the command line.<br />
<br />
==System==<br />
<br />
===File Managers===<br />
<br />
[http://emelfm2.net/ emelFM2] is file manager that implements the popular two-pane design.<br />
<br />
[http://www.midnight-commander.org Midnight Commander] is a console-based, dual-paned, file manager.<br />
<br />
[http://pcmanfm.sourceforge.net/ PCManFM] is a lightweight file manager which features tabbed browsing and can optionally manage the desktop background.<br />
<br />
[[Ranger]] is a console based file manager with vi bindings, customizability, and lots of features.<br />
<br />
[http://rox.sourceforge.net ROX] is a small and fast file manager which can optionally manage the desktop background and panels.<br />
<br />
[[Thunar]] can be run as a daemon with excellent start up and directory load times. Features support for customizable actions.<br />
<br />
[[Vifm]] is a ncurses based two-pane file manager with vi like keybindings.<br />
<br />
[http://roland65.free.fr/xfe/index.php/ Xfe] X File Explorer (Xfe) is an MS-Explorer or Commander like file manager for X.<br />
<br />
===GUI Compression Tools===<br />
<br />
[http://squeeze.xfce.org/ Squeeze] is a modern and advanced archive manager.<br />
<br />
[http://xarchive.sourceforge.net Xarchive] is a GTK+ 2 front-end for various command line archiving tools.<br />
<br />
[http://xarchiver.xfce.org/ Xarchiver] is a lightweight desktop independent archive manager built with GTK+ 2. At the time of writing, it appears to be the most functional and up to date of the three tools listed here.<br />
<br />
===CD/DVD Burning Tools===<br />
<br />
{{App|recorder|Simple frontend to cdrkit/cdrtools, cdrdao, mkisofs and growisofs with limited options and preferences|http://code.google.com/p/recorder/|{{Package Official|recorder}}}}<br />
{{App|Xfburn|Simple frontend to the libburnia libraries with support for CD/DVD(-RW), ISO images and BurnFree.|http://www.xfce.org/projects/xfburn/|{{Package Official|xfburn}}}}<br />
<br />
===Login managers===<br />
<br />
[[CDM]] provides an ultra-minimalistic, yet full-featured login manager written in bash.<br />
<br />
[[SLiM]] provides a lightweight and elegant graphical login solution.<br />
<br />
[[Qingy]] is ultralight and very configurable graphical login independent on X Windows.<br />
<br />
===Monitors===<br />
<br />
[[Conky]] is a lightweight, scriptable system monitor.<br />
<br />
[http://htop.sourceforge.net/ htop] is a simple, ncurses interactive process viewer.<br />
<br />
===Panels===<br />
<br />
[http://nsf.110mb.com/bmpanel/ BMPanel] (BitMap Panel) is a lightweight, NETWM compliant panel for the X11 system.<br />
<br />
[http://fbpanel.sourceforge.net fbpanel] is a lightweight, NETWM compliant desktop panel.<br />
<br />
[http://lxde.org LXPanel] is a lightweight X11 desktop panel (part of LXDE).<br />
<br />
[http://pypanel.sourceforge.net/ PyPanel] is a lightweight panel/taskbar written in Python and C ([[PyPanel|HOWTO]]).<br />
<br />
[http://code.google.com/p/tint2/ Tint] is a simple panel/taskbar intentionally made for openbox3, but should also work with other window managers ([[Tint|HOWTO]]).<br />
<br />
[http://www.failedprojects.de/pancake/ pancake] is a highly configurable, modular panel for X.<br />
<br />
===Terminals===<br />
<br />
[http://lilyterm.luna.com.tw/index_en.html Lilyterm] is a light and easy to use libvte based X Terminal Emulator.<br />
<br />
[http://rox.sourceforge.net ROXTerm] is a tabbed, VTE-based terminal emulator with a small footprint.<br />
<br />
[[urxvt]] is a highly extendable unicode enabled rxvt-clone terminal emulator featuring tabbing, url launching, quake-style dropdown, pseudo-transparency, and is extensible with perl.<br />
<br />
[http://www.pleyades.net/david/sakura.php Sakura] is a terminal emulator based on GTK+ and VTE.<br />
<br />
[http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ xterm] is a terminal emulator for the X Window System.<br />
<br />
===Trays===<br />
<br />
[http://icculus.org/openbox/2/docker/ Docker] is a docking application which acts as a system tray.<br />
<br />
[http://stalonetray.sourceforge.net Stalonetray] is a stand-alone system tray.<br />
<br />
[http://gna.org/projects/fvwm-crystal/ Trayer] swallows GTK+ 1.2/2.x application docklets, and KDE docklets.<br />
<br />
===Window managers===<br />
<br />
[[Awesome]] is a floating and tiling window manager initially based on a [[dwm]] code rewriting.<br />
<br />
[[Dwm]] is a featherweight dynamic window manager configured by editing the source itself. <br />
<br />
[[Evilwm]] is a minimalist floating window manager with an installed size of only 0.07 MB.<br />
<br />
[[Fluxbox]] is a lightweight and highly configurable window manager.<br />
<br />
[http://www.fvwm.org/ FVWM] is a lightweight, flexible and highly-configurable Window Manager.<br />
<br />
[[i3]] is a manual tiling window manager which places client into containers.Containers can be stacked (like wmii) or tabbed (like ion3). i3 also supports floating windows. <br />
<br />
[[JWM]] is a small and fast stacking window manager featuring native support for customizable panels/buttons and a system tray dock.<br />
<br />
[[Musca]] is a very lightweight window manager which has features from dwm and ratpoison. Uses about 350-400KB of memory.<br />
<br />
[[Openbox]] is another lightweight and highly configurable window manager.<br />
<br />
[[PekWM]] is small and easily configurable window manager.<br />
<br />
[[Ratpoison]] is a keyboard-oriented, customizable lightweight window manager, modelled after GNU Screen.<br />
<br />
[[Scrotwm]] is a small dynamic tiling window manager for X11. It is written in C and configured with a text configuration file.<br />
<br />
[[Subtle]] is a semi-automatic tiling window manager with a strong focus on easy but customizable handling and look and feel.<br />
<br />
[http://incise.org/tinywm.html TinyWM] is a tiny window manager that was created as an exercise in minimalism, and it is also helpful in learning some of the very basics of creating a window manager. It is around 50 lines of C, and there is a Python version using python-xlib.<br />
<br />
[[Twm]] is a classic, customizable and very lightweight window manager; possibly the first designed for X11.<br />
<br />
[[Window Maker]] is an elegant and fast floating window manager. It is an implementation NeXTSTEP, the precursor to Mac OS X. It includes functionality to launch applications and manage iconified windows. It is easy to configure both with the included GUI application and by editing simple text files.<br />
<br />
[[Xfce]] is a desktop environment much lighter but similar to GNOME. It includes the xfwm4 window manager.<br />
<br />
[[Xmonad]] is a tiling window manager for X, written and configured in Haskell.<br />
<br />
[[Wmfs]] (Window Manager From Scratch) is a lightweight and highly configurable tiling window manager for X.<br />
<br />
[[Wmii]] is a small, dynamic window manager for X11. It is scriptable, has a 9p filesystem interface and supports classic and tiling (acme-like) window management. It aims to maintain a small and clean (read hackable and beautiful) codebase.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
<br />
[http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=88515 Arch Linux Forums / LnF Awards 2010] - The best Light & Fast apps of 2010.</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Accents_on_US_keyboards&diff=112082Accents on US keyboards2010-07-16T09:41:50Z<p>GD: Mode_switc -> Mode_switch : typo?</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category: Input devices (English)]]<br />
{{i18n|Accents on US keyboards}}<br />
<br />
Typing in foreign languages such as French, Italian and German can be problematic on an American keyboard. To remedy this, the Xmodmap utility that is supplied with Xorg allows user to completely remap the keyboard. The following is an example configuration:<br />
<br />
Note: AltGr is the Alt key on the right-hand side of the space bar.<br />
<br />
AltGr + e -> é<br />
AltGr + r -> è<br />
AltGr + a -> à<br />
AltGr + u -> ù<br />
AltGr + i -> ì<br />
AltGr + o -> ò<br />
AltGr + c -> ç<br />
AltGr + [ -> «<br />
AltGr + ] -> »<br />
AltGr + ; -> dead diaresis (ï, ü, etc.)<br />
AltGr + 6 -> dead circumflex (î, ê, etc.) <br />
<br />
= A useful utility to produce a xmodmap file =<br />
<br />
On [http://www.jwz.org/xkeycaps this page] you'll find XKeyCaps, a graphical front-end to xmodmap which makes it easier to produce an ideal xmodmap file. XKeyCaps is available from the community repository and can be installed with ''pacman'':<br />
# pacman -S xkeycaps<br />
<br />
= Example xmodmap file =<br />
<br />
This is an xmodmap file which remaps keys to match the above example.<br />
<br />
clear Mod1<br />
clear Mod2<br />
! us.map with a few redefinitions<br />
keycode 9 = Escape Escape<br />
keycode 10 = 1 exclam<br />
keycode 11 = 2 at at<br />
keycode 12 = 3 numbersign<br />
keycode 13 = 4 dollar dollar<br />
keycode 14 = 5 percent currency<br />
keycode 15 = 6 asciicircum dead_circumflex<br />
keycode 16 = 7 ampersand braceleft<br />
keycode 17 = 8 asterisk bracketleft<br />
keycode 18 = 9 parenleft bracketright<br />
keycode 19 = 0 parenright braceright<br />
keycode 20 = minus underscore backslash<br />
keycode 21 = equal plus<br />
keycode 22 = BackSpace Delete<br />
keycode 23 = Tab Tab<br />
keycode 24 = q<br />
keycode 25 = w<br />
keycode 26 = e E eacute<br />
keycode 27 = r R egrave<br />
keycode 28 = t<br />
keycode 29 = y<br />
keycode 30 = u U ugrave<br />
keycode 31 = i I igrave<br />
keycode 32 = o O ograve<br />
keycode 33 = p<br />
keycode 34 = bracketleft braceleft guillemotleft<br />
keycode 35 = bracketright braceright guillemotright<br />
keycode 36 = Return<br />
keycode 37 = Control_L<br />
keycode 38 = a A agrave<br />
keycode 39 = s<br />
keycode 40 = d<br />
keycode 41 = f<br />
keycode 42 = g<br />
keycode 43 = h<br />
keycode 44 = j<br />
keycode 45 = k<br />
keycode 46 = l<br />
keycode 47 = semicolon colon dead_diaeresis<br />
keycode 48 = apostrophe quotedbl<br />
keycode 49 = grave asciitilde dead_grave<br />
keycode 50 = Shift_L<br />
keycode 51 = backslash bar<br />
keycode 52 = z<br />
keycode 53 = x<br />
keycode 54 = c C ccedilla<br />
keycode 55 = v<br />
keycode 56 = b<br />
keycode 57 = n<br />
keycode 58 = m<br />
keycode 59 = comma less apostrophe<br />
keycode 60 = period greater quotedbl<br />
keycode 61 = slash question<br />
keycode 62 = Shift_R<br />
keycode 63 = KP_Multiply<br />
keycode 64 = Alt_L Meta_L<br />
keycode 65 = space space<br />
keycode 66 = Caps_Lock<br />
keycode 67 = F1 F11<br />
keycode 68 = F2 F12<br />
keycode 69 = F3 F13<br />
keycode 70 = F4 F14<br />
keycode 71 = F5 F15<br />
keycode 72 = F6 F16<br />
keycode 73 = F7 F17<br />
keycode 74 = F8 F18<br />
keycode 75 = F9 F19<br />
keycode 76 = F10 F20<br />
keycode 77 = Num_Lock<br />
keycode 78 = Scroll_Lock<br />
keycode 79 = KP_7<br />
keycode 80 = KP_8<br />
keycode 81 = KP_9<br />
keycode 82 = KP_Subtract<br />
keycode 83 = KP_4<br />
keycode 84 = KP_5<br />
keycode 85 = KP_6<br />
keycode 86 = KP_Add<br />
keycode 87 = KP_1<br />
keycode 88 = KP_2<br />
keycode 89 = KP_3<br />
keycode 90 = KP_0<br />
keycode 94 = less greater bar<br />
keycode 95 = F11 F11<br />
keycode 96 = F12 F12<br />
keycode 108 = KP_Enter<br />
keycode 109 = Control_R<br />
keycode 112 = KP_Divide<br />
keycode 113 = Mode_switch<br />
keycode 114 = Break<br />
keycode 110 = Find<br />
keycode 98 = Up<br />
keycode 99 = Prior<br />
keycode 100 = Left<br />
keycode 102 = Right<br />
keycode 115 = Select<br />
keycode 104 = Down<br />
keycode 105 = Next<br />
keycode 106 = Insert<br />
keycode 116 = Mode_switch<br />
! right windows-menu key, redefined as Compose key<br />
keycode 117 = Multi_key<br />
add Mod1 = Alt_L<br />
add Mod2 = Mode_switch<br />
<br />
= What to do with the xmodmap file =<br />
<br />
To use this configuration, put it in a hidden file called xmodmaprc in your home directory:<br />
<br />
~/.xmodmaprc<br />
<br />
Some desktop environments such as [[GNOME]] will automatically detect the file and ask you if you want to use it. If you are using a desktop environment or a window manager which does not do this, you will have to add a line to an executable file called .xinitrc, located in your home directory. This file contains a list of commands that are executed after you log in. <br />
<br />
If you already have a .xinitrc file, type these commands in a terminal:<br />
<br />
cd<br />
echo "xmodmap ~/.xmodmaprc" >> .xinitrc<br />
<br />
If you don't have a .xinitrc file, do this:<br />
<br />
cd<br />
echo "xmodmap ~/.xmodmaprc" > .xinitrc<br />
chmod 755 .xinitrc</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Arch_%E6%96%87%E7%AB%A0%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=91812Arch 文章命名规则 (简体中文)2010-01-12T03:41:09Z<p>GD: updated article header</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文|WZMMGZ]]<br />
[[Category:ArchWiki帮助 (简体中文)|WZMMGZ]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Article naming guideline (English)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|Article naming guideline 文章命名规则(简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
:目前简体中文版ArchWiki的文章命名主要是这样的,在此作简短描述:<br />
:2010-01-01,在经过[http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Special:Contributions/Gen2ly Gen2ly](官方人员?)的大量整理后,所有文章标题被改名成:<br />
:'''English title''' 的标题添加 '''_(简体中文)''' 后缀,如本文的:'''Article Naming Guidelines (简体中文)'''<br />
:同时请给文章添加'''简体中文'''分类,以方便管理与检索,完毕!<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
:''对wiki的编辑者来说,文章命名是最重要的任务中的一项''<br />
<br />
:''这篇文章是一个命名的指导,也是现有ArchWiki的作者和编辑者为他们文章命名时的参考''<br />
<br />
== 关于文章名称 ==<br />
<br />
文章名字有两个作用. 它们是ArchWiki站点上文章的标识符,同时它们也能让读者知道文章的内容. 也就是说一个文章的标题必须是独一无二而又具有描述性的.<br />
<br />
有时,文章标题反映出文章的''类型'', 也有时提供出额外的信息,如文章编辑的语言.<br />
<br />
== 描述性的名称 ==<br />
<br />
'''名称要尽可能的详细精确,并且反映出文章所描述的范围'''<br />
<br />
Wiki文档与大家从报纸或者网站上看到的软硬件评测不同,大家一般在出现某些问题的时候,或者有某些特定需求的时候才来查阅Wiki文档.所以,迅速的定位这些需求然后提供快速的解决方案是第一重要的.为便于提高可读性,使读者能够快速的获得想要的信息,文章的名字(或者说它们的标题)必须在文章范围要求下尽可能的详细和明确<br />
<br />
=== 例子 ===<br />
<br />
类似《Boost Pacman》的名称可能会让大多数读者误解. 某些读者可能看成boos Pacman的某些方面(Boos在英文中是嘘某人,喝倒彩的意思),但是这些方面并不是作者描述的.名称必须详细精确,但为了便于检视,也不要太长. 例如这篇'''[[Boost Pacman|示例文章]]'''就应该改成类似《[[Improve Pacman Performance]]》(《[[改善Pacman性能 (简体中文)|改善Pacman性能]]》).<br />
<br />
== 允许的对名称增强 ==<br />
<br />
'''名称必须比较全面,以方便以后对文章内容的扩展'''<br />
<br />
为了给以后编辑和增补预留空间,文章的名字有的时候需要故意不那么精确.当然为了缩短标题长度而缩短标题长度不是个好主意.另一方便,如果你觉的你的文章涵盖了所有想要描述的方面,并且未来没有增补文章''范围''的需求,那么就让文章标题越精确越好.<br />
<br />
=== 例子 ===<br />
<br />
让我们举一个新例子.有一篇文章标题是《[[在启动时自动启动一个登录管理器(KDM, GDM, or XDM)]]》。然而将来可能有新的DM取代KDM,GDM,XDM。所以这篇文章需要一个范围更大的标题,例如《[[自动启动登录管理器_(简体中文)|自动启动登录管理器]]》。<br />
<br />
== 简短的名称 ==<br />
<br />
'''名称必须精简'''<br />
<br />
为了让读者能够尽量快速的检视文章列表,一个简短的文章标题是重要的。很多读者使用扫视来阅读Wiki,所以你大概不想写一个几千米长的标题。同时简短的标题看起来更加专业。<br />
<br />
=== 例子 ===<br />
<br />
我们将会在[[Short article names HOWTO (English)|这篇文章]]中展示如何精简文章标题的长度。<br />
<br />
== 文章类型的后缀 (推荐) ==<br />
<br />
'''名称必须有一个类型后缀'''<br />
<br />
'''注意:''' 这只是一个建议, 并不是规则. 你可以考虑使用, 但不一定必须遵循.<br />
<br />
尽管文章的类型并不是十分重要,但是文章类型对于那些只是想要找到一个快速的解决方案,而不是全面的教程的读者来说类型还是很有帮助的。例如HOWTOS的内容一般是简短的,Step-by-step的对简单任务的指导。而教程的内容一般包括完成很多相关任务的全面指导。<br />
<br />
为了让读者了解一共有哪些文章类型,ArchWiki 有下面两个已经排好序的页面 [[:Category:按主题索引页面_(简体中文)|按主题索引页面_(简体中文)]] 和 [[:Category:按类型索引页面(简体中文)|按类型索引页面(简体中文)]].如果你浏览后一个页面,你将会看到所有ArchWiki支持的文章类型.<br />
<br />
用下面表格作为能用作文章类型的后缀的参考.<br />
<br />
{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border-style:solid; border-width:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show"<br />
|-<br />
! 文章类型 || 后缀(使用斜体) || 文章类型描述<br />
|-<br />
| HOWTO || 文章标题 ''HOWTO'' || 简短的,一步一步的对单个任务的指导.<br />
|-<br />
| Tutorial || 文章标题 ''tutorial'' || 较长的,全面的对完成一系列相关任务的指导.<br />
|-<br />
| FAQ || 文章标题 ''FAQ'' || 一问一答形式的文章,文章长短不一.<br />
|-<br />
| General || (no suffix) || 一般意义的文章,不包括任何任务,过程或者指导.<br />
|-<br />
| Guideline || 文章标题 ''guideline'' || 关于社区行为标准的文章,或者包含一个或者一系列的任务.<br />
|-<br />
| Book || 文章标题 ''book'' || 多个相关教程的文章容器<br />
|}<br />
<br />
'''慎重:''' 文章名称的后缀需要适应大多数情况. 如果你决定使用这个, 需要考虑文章名称时候适应后缀.<br />
<br />
== 多语言文章 ==<br />
<br />
更多关于多语言文章命名的规则,请参考[[文章命名规范]]<br />
<br />
'''名称需要有一个标识'''<br />
<br />
要知道,不是只有英文用户阅读ArchWiki. 文章也需要在名称后面加上''语言标识''. 到写这文章为止,还不能自动完成这工作。<br />
<br />
一个语言标识就是在文章名称后面加上 "_(语言)"(把''语言'' 题换成适当的语言). 每篇文章都需要有"_(语言)"这样的语言标识加在名称的后面.<br />
<br />
'''注意:''' 通常, 绝大多数ArchWiki文章没有语言标识,因为英文文章被认为是后来被翻译成别的语言文章的''基础''文章. 这一点有希望改变, 所以上述规则仍然有效.<br />
<br />
=== 例子 ===<br />
<br />
举例说明,如果你有一篇文章叫做[[Pacman|Pacman (English)]], 你就应该叫中文翻译版本文章为 [[Pacman (简体中文)]], 而塞尔维亚版本叫 [[Pacman (српски)]].<br />
<br />
== 注意事项 ==<br />
<br />
这个指南是个有效的版本, 但是这里的规则任何时候都可能更改. 所以你可能希望对这篇文章作标记,通过文章下方的"Watch this page/监视"链接,然后通过导航栏上右边"My watchlist/我的监视列表"来关注本文的变化.</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KVM&diff=81414KVM2009-11-01T06:03:30Z<p>GD: /* Get the packages */ kvm* -> 'kvm*' , or will error</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|KVM}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|KVM (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
'''KVM''', Kernel-based Virtual Machine, is a hypervisor built right into the 2.6 kernel for kernels later than 2.6.20. It is similar to [[Xen]] in purpose but much simpler to get running. To start using the hypervisor, just load the appropriate kvm modules and the hypervisor is up. As with Xen's full virtualization, in order for KVM to work, you must have a processor that supports Intel's VT extensions or AMD's Pacifica extensions.<br />
<br />
Using KVM, one can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux, Windows or any other system images. (See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Guest_Support_Status Guest Support Status]) Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware: a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc. See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/HOWTO KVM Howto]<br />
<br />
Differences among KVM, Xen, VMware, and QEMU can be found at [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#General_KVM_information KVM FAQ].<br />
<br />
=== Get the packages ===<br />
<br />
Arch Kernel 2.6.22 or newer now provide appropriate kvm modules. <br />
You could check if your kernel support kvm with the following command :<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe -l 'kvm*'<br />
</pre><br />
KVM also requires a modified QEMU (the kvm package in the EXTRA repository, providing the qemu-kvm) to launch and manage virtual machines. Or, you can choose to install qemu >= 0.9.0, which conflicts with the kvm packge, and now provides a qemu-kvm executable (qemu -enable-kvm) that take advantage of this technology. <br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 kvm<br />
or<br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 qemu<br />
<br />
=== Setup kernel modules ===<br />
<br />
You could check if your computer support hardware acceleration with this command (must return something on screen) :<br />
<pre><br />
egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Firstly, you need to add your user into the kvm group to use the /dev/kvm device.<br />
<pre><br />
gpasswd -a <Your_Login_Name> kvm<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Secondly, modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-intel'' modules if you have Intel extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
Or modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-amd'' modules if you have AMD extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-amd<br />
</pre><br />
If modprobing kvm succedes, but modprobing kvm-intel or kvm-amd fails (but /proc/cpuinfo claims that VT is supported), check your bios settings. Some vendors (especially laptop vendors) disable VT by default.<br />
<br />
If you want these modules to persist, add them to ''rc.conf''<br />
<br />
=== Using KVM as a non-root user ===<br />
By default the /dev/kvm device is owned by root:root and is not accessible by other users. To enable a user to invoke qemu-kvm without root <br />
privileges, add them to the kvm group then add a udev rule to change the permissions of /dev/kvm when it is created. <br />
<pre><br />
groupadd kvm<br />
usermod -aG kvm <the users' username><br />
cat >>/etc/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules <<EOF<br />
KERNEL=="kvm", NAME="%k", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"<br />
EOF<br />
modprobe -r kvm-intel # or kvm-amd if using that hardware<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
It is necessary to for the user to log out before any group membership changes will take effect. /dev/kvm will be recreated with read-write<br />
privileges for members of group kvm. <br />
<br />
=== How to use KVM ===<br />
# Create a guest OS image <pre>$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 <Image_Name> <size></pre><br />
# Install the guest OS <br> A CD/DVD image (ISO files) can be used for the installation. <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -cdrom </Path/to/the/ISO/Image> -boot d -vga std</pre><br />
# Running the system <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -vga std</pre><br />
Note: The default memory of KVM is 128M, if not provide "-m".<br />
<br />
See '''[[QEMU]]''' for all informations, and the ''Using the Kernel-based Virtual Machine'' section.<br />
<br />
=== Easy to Use for New User ===<br />
If the qemu package has been installed, you can use an GUI tool, such as qtemu, to manage your virtual machine (you need to change "qemu" in the configure item"QEMU start command" to "qemu-kvm" / "qemu-system-x86_64") or append -enable-kvm to the additional start options.</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KDE_Packages_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=78310KDE Packages (简体中文)2009-10-18T01:53:22Z<p>GD: 呃……继续昨天的翻译-_-||| (等等,还没翻译玩呢!)</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|KDE Packages}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|KDE的软件包 (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
我们从KDE 4.3开始为每个KDE软件提供了单独的软件包,因此撰写此文帮你更好地理解他们。<br />
<br />
==命名==<br />
* '''module'''(模块):KDE的源代码是分类的,他们被叫做“模块”。他们为每个模块发布一个源码包,参见 http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/Release_Team#Coordinator_List<br />
* '''group'''(组):软件包可以属于一个组。[[Pacman]]能够按组进行安装/删除工作。This meta information does not imply any hard dependencies.<br />
* '''meta package'''(虚拟包):一个空包,只用依赖来关联各软件包。<br />
<br />
==软件包组==<br />
There are groups for each KDE module. 除此之外还有一个叫'''kde'''的组,他包含了整个KDE。<br />
<br />
使用组能更简单地安装和维护一系列软件包。一个组和属于它的软件包之间没有hard dependency。这意味着你也可以不必安装一个组下面的所有软件包。或者说,Pacman不会自己更新That means there is no need to install all packages of a group for example. On the other hand pacman wont install any packages new to a certain group on its own.<br />
<br />
只需输入<br />
pacman -S kdebase kdeutils ...<br />
就可以安装某些组,或者<br />
pacman -S kde<br />
安装全部的组。<br />
<br />
== Meta packages ==<br />
There are meta packages for each KDE module. Each of those replace and provide one of the previous packages that were used before KDE 4.3. This also ensures a smooth update to the new split packages.<br />
<br />
In contrast to groups meta packages have a hard dependency to all its KDE modules. So, you cannot remove any sub packages without removing the meta package itself. If there are new modules available the use of meta packages ensures that pacman will install those automatically.<br />
<br />
All meta packages are member of the '''kde-meta''' group and thus can be easily installed or removed.<br />
<br />
You can remove or install meta packages at any time in order to use modular packages or emulate the previous monolithic set of packages.<br />
<br />
To remove those groups use<br />
pacman -R kde-meta<br />
This wont remove any KDE packages but only the meta packages!<br />
<br />
==总览==<br />
{|border="1"<br />
|style="width:20%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''package group'''<br />
|style="width:20%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''meta package'''<br />
|style="width:30%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''packages'''<br />
|style="width:30%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''description'''<br />
|-<br />
|kdeaccessibility<br />
|kde-meta-kdeaccessibility<br />
|<br />
* kdeaccessibility-colorschemes<br />
* kdeaccessibility-iconthemes<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmag<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmousetool<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmouth<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kttsd<br />
|Accessibility applications<br />
|-<br />
|kdeadmin<br />
|kde-meta-kdeadmin<br />
|<br />
* kdeadmin-kcron<br />
* kdeadmin-ksystemlog<br />
* kdeadmin-kuser<br />
* kdeadmin-system-config-printer-kde<br />
|系统管理工具<br />
|-<br />
|kdeartwork<br />
|kde-meta-kdeartwork<br />
|<br />
* kdeartwork-colorschemes<br />
* kdeartwork-desktopthemes<br />
* kdeartwork-emoticons<br />
* kdeartwork-iconthemes<br />
* kdeartwork-kscreensaver<br />
* kdeartwork-sounds<br />
* kdeartwork-styles<br />
* kdeartwork-wallpapers<br />
* kdeartwork-weatherwallpapers<br />
|更多的图标、样式……<br />
|-<br />
|kdebase<br />
|kde-meta-kdebase<br />
|<br />
* kdebase-dolphin<br />
* kdebase-kappfinder<br />
* kdebase-kdepasswd<br />
* kdebase-kdialog<br />
* kdebase-kfind<br />
* kdebase-kinfocenter<br />
* kdebase-konqueror<br />
* kdebase-konsole<br />
* kdebase-kwrite<br />
* kdebase-plasma<br />
|Essential apps needed to complement a desktop shell for basic functionality (web browser, file manager, ...)<br />
|-<br />
|kdebindings<br />
|kde-meta-kdebindings<br />
|<br />
* kdebindings-csharp<br />
* kdebindings-python<br />
* kdebindings-ruby<br />
* kdebindings-smoke<br />
|Bindings to programming languages<br />
|-<br />
|kdeedu<br />
|kde-meta-kdeedu<br />
|<br />
* kdeedu-blinken<br />
* kdeedu-kalgebra<br />
* kdeedu-kalzium<br />
* kdeedu-kanagram<br />
* kdeedu-kbruch<br />
* kdeedu-kgeography<br />
* kdeedu-khangman<br />
* kdeedu-kig<br />
* kdeedu-kiten<br />
* kdeedu-klettres<br />
* kdeedu-kmplot<br />
* kdeedu-kstars<br />
* kdeedu-ktouch<br />
* kdeedu-kturtle<br />
* kdeedu-kwordquiz<br />
* kdeedu-marble<br />
* kdeedu-parley<br />
* kdeedu-step<br />
|用于教育的软件<br />
|-<br />
|kdegames<br />
|kde-meta-kdegames<br />
|<br />
* kdegames-bomber<br />
* kdegames-bovo<br />
* kdegames-kapman<br />
* kdegames-katomic<br />
* kdegames-kbattleship<br />
* kdegames-kblackbox<br />
* kdegames-kblocks<br />
* kdegames-kbounce<br />
* kdegames-kbreakout<br />
* kdegames-kdiamond<br />
* kdegames-kfourinline<br />
* kdegames-kgoldrunner<br />
* kdegames-killbots<br />
* kdegames-kiriki<br />
* kdegames-kjumpingcube<br />
* kdegames-klines<br />
* kdegames-kmahjongg<br />
* kdegames-kmines<br />
* kdegames-knetwalk<br />
* kdegames-kolf<br />
* kdegames-kollision<br />
* kdegames-konquest<br />
* kdegames-kpat<br />
* kdegames-kreversi<br />
* kdegames-ksame<br />
* kdegames-kshisen<br />
* kdegames-ksirk<br />
* kdegames-kspaceduel<br />
* kdegames-ksquares<br />
* kdegames-ksudoku<br />
* kdegames-ktron<br />
* kdegames-ktuberling<br />
* kdegames-kubrick<br />
* kdegames-lskat<br />
|娱乐<br />
|-<br />
|kdegraphics<br />
|kde-meta-kdegraphics<br />
|<br />
* kdegraphics-gwenview<br />
* kdegraphics-kamera<br />
* kdegraphics-kcolorchooser<br />
* kdegraphics-kgamma<br />
* kdegraphics-kolourpaint<br />
* kdegraphics-kruler<br />
* kdegraphics-ksnapshot<br />
* kdegraphics-okular<br />
|图像欣赏与编辑<br />
|-<br />
|kdemultimedia<br />
|kde-meta-kdemultimedia<br />
|<br />
* kdemultimedia-dragonplayer<br />
* kdemultimedia-juk<br />
* kdemultimedia-kioslave<br />
* kdemultimedia-kmix<br />
* kdemultimedia-kscd<br />
* kdemultimedia-mplayerthumbs<br />
|音频视频软件<br />
|-<br />
|kdenetwork<br />
|kde-meta-kdenetwork<br />
|<br />
* kdenetwork-filesharing<br />
* kdenetwork-kdnssd<br />
* kdenetwork-kget<br />
* kdenetwork-kopete<br />
* kdenetwork-kppp<br />
* kdenetwork-krdc<br />
* kdenetwork-krfb<br />
|网络方面的软件(聊天,远程桌面之类的)<br />
|-<br />
|kdepim<br />
|kde-meta-kdepim<br />
|<br />
* kdepim-akregator<br />
* kdepim-console<br />
* kdepim-kaddressbook<br />
* kdepim-kalarm<br />
* kdepim-kjots<br />
* kdepim-kleopatra<br />
* kdepim-kmail<br />
* kdepim-knode<br />
* kdepim-knotes<br />
* kdepim-kontact<br />
* kdepim-korganizer<br />
* kdepim-kpilot<br />
* kdepim-kresources<br />
* kdepim-ktimetracker<br />
* kdepim-wizards<br />
|团体协作软件<br />
|-<br />
|kdeplasma-addons<br />
|kde-meta-kdeplasma-addons<br />
|<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-bball <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-binary-clock <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-bubblemon <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-calculator <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-charselect <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-comic <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-dict <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-eyes <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-fifteenpuzzle <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-filewatcher <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-frame <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-fuzzy-clock <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-incomingmsg<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-kolourpicker<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-konqprofiles<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-konsoleprofiles<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-lancelot<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-leavenote<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-life<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-luna<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-magnifique<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-mediaplayer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-microblog<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-news<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-notes<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-nowplaying<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-opendesktop<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-paste<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-pastebin<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-previewer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-rememberthemilk<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-rssnow<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-showdashboard<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-showdesktop<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-systemloadviewer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-timer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-unitconverter<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-weather<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-weatherstation<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-browserhistory<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-contacts<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-converter<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-katesessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-konquerorsessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-konsolesessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-spellchecker<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-mandelbrot<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-marble<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-pattern<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-virus<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-weather<br />
|Plasma applets<br />
|-<br />
|kdesdk<br />
|kde-meta-kdesdk<br />
|<br />
* kdesdk-cervisia<br />
* kdesdk-kapptemplate<br />
* kdesdk-kate<br />
* kdesdk-kbugbuster<br />
* kdesdk-kcachegrind<br />
* kdesdk-kdeaccounts-plugin<br />
* kdesdk-kdepalettes<br />
* kdesdk-kioslave<br />
* kdesdk-kmtrace<br />
* kdesdk-kompare<br />
* kdesdk-kpartloader<br />
* kdesdk-kprofilemethod<br />
* kdesdk-kstartperf<br />
* kdesdk-kuiviewer<br />
* kdesdk-lokalize<br />
* kdesdk-poxml<br />
* kdesdk-scripts<br />
* kdesdk-strigi-analyzer<br />
* kdesdk-umbrello<br />
|软件开发工具<br />
|-<br />
|kdetoys<br />
|kde-meta-kdetoys<br />
|<br />
* kdetoys-amor<br />
* kdetoys-kteatime<br />
* kdetoys-ktux<br />
* kdetoys-kweather<br />
|Fun distractions<br />
|-<br />
|kdeutils<br />
|kde-meta-kdeutils<br />
|<br />
* kdeutils-ark<br />
* kdeutils-kcalc<br />
* kdeutils-kcharselect<br />
* kdeutils-kdelirc<br />
* kdeutils-kdessh<br />
* kdeutils-kdf<br />
* kdeutils-kfloppy<br />
* kdeutils-kgpg<br />
* kdeutils-ktimer<br />
* kdeutils-kwallet<br />
* kdeutils-okteta<br />
* kdeutils-printer-applet<br />
* kdeutils-superkaramba<br />
* kdeutils-sweeper<br />
|乱七八糟的小工具<br />
|-<br />
|kdewebdev<br />
|kde-meta-kdewebdev<br />
|<br />
* kdewebdev-kfilereplace<br />
* kdewebdev-kimagemapeditor<br />
* kdewebdev-klinkstatus<br />
* kdewebdev-kommander<br />
* kdewebdev-kxsldbg<br />
|网络开发工具套件<br />
|}</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KVM&diff=74294KVM2009-08-21T13:55:11Z<p>GD: fixed i18n</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|KVM}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|KVM (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
'''KVM''', Kernel-based Virtual Machine, is a hypervisor built right into the 2.6 kernel for kernels later than 2.6.20. It is similar to Xen in purpose but much simpler to get running. To start using the hypervisor, just load the appropriate kvm modules and the hypervisor is up. As with Xen's full virtualization, in order for KVM to work, you must have a processor that supports Intel's VT extensions or AMD's Pacifica extensions.<br />
<br />
Using KVM, one can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux, Windows or any other system images. (See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Guest_Support_Status Guest Support Status]) Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware: a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc. See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/HOWTO KVM Howto]<br />
<br />
Differences among the kvm, xen, vmware, and qemu can be found from [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#What_is_the_difference_between_kvm_and_Xen.3F KVM FAQ].<br />
<br />
=== Get the packages ===<br />
<br />
Arch Kernel 2.6.22 or newer now provide appropriate kvm modules. <br />
You could check if your kernel support kvm with the following command :<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe -l kvm*<br />
</pre><br />
KVM also requires a modified QEMU (the kvm package in the EXTRA repository, providing the qemu-kvm) to launch and manage virtual machines. Or, you can choose to install qemu >= 0.9.0, which conflicts with the kvm packge, and now provides a qemu-kvm executable (qemu --enable-kvm) that take advantage of this technology. <br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 kvm<br />
or<br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 qemu<br />
<br />
=== Setup kernel modules ===<br />
<br />
You could check if your computer support hardware acceleration with this command (must return something on screen) :<br />
<pre><br />
egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Firstly, you need to add your user into the kvm group to use the /dev/kvm device.<br />
<pre><br />
gpasswd -a <Your_Login_Name> kvm<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Secondly, modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-intel'' modules if you have Intel extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
Or modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-amd'' modules if you have AMD extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-amd<br />
</pre><br />
If modprobing kvm succedes, but modprobing kvm-intel or kvm-amd fails (but /proc/cpuinfo claims that VT is supported), check your bios settings. Some vendors (especially laptop vendors) disable VT by default.<br />
<br />
If you want these modules to persist, add them to ''rc.conf''<br />
<br />
=== Using KVM as a non-root user ===<br />
By default the /dev/kvm device is owned by root:root and is not accessible by other users. To enable a user to invoke qemu-kvm without root <br />
privileges, add them to the kvm group then add a udev rule to change the permissions of /dev/kvm when it is created. <br />
<pre><br />
groupadd kvm<br />
usermod -aG kvm <the users' username><br />
cat >>/etc/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules <<EOF<br />
KERNEL=="kvm", NAME="%k", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"<br />
EOF<br />
modprobe -r kvm-intel # or kvm-amd if using that hardware<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
It is necessary to for the user to log out before any group membership changes will take effect. /dev/kvm will be recreated with read-write<br />
privileges for members of group kvm. <br />
<br />
=== How to use KVM ===<br />
# Create a guest OS image <pre>$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 <Image_Name> <size></pre><br />
# Install the guest OS <br> A CD/DVD image (ISO files) can be used for the installation. <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -cdrom </Path/to/the/ISO/Image> -boot d -vga std</pre><br />
# Running the system <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -vga std</pre><br />
Note: The default memory of KVM is 128M, if not provide "-m".<br />
<br />
See '''[[QEMU]]''' for all informations, and the ''Using the Kernel-based Virtual Machine'' section.<br />
<br />
=== Easy to Use for New User ===<br />
If the qemu package has been installed, you can use an GUI tool, such as qtemu, to manage your virtual machine (you need to change "qemu" in the configure item"QEMU start command" to "qemu-kvm" / "qemu-system-x86_64").</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Kvm&diff=74293Kvm2009-08-21T13:54:25Z<p>GD: moved Kvm to KVM</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[KVM]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KVM&diff=74292KVM2009-08-21T13:54:25Z<p>GD: moved Kvm to KVM</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|kvm}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|kvm(简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
'''KVM''', Kernel-based Virtual Machine, is a hypervisor built right into the 2.6 kernel for kernels later than 2.6.20. It is similar to Xen in purpose but much simpler to get running. To start using the hypervisor, just load the appropriate kvm modules and the hypervisor is up. As with Xen's full virtualization, in order for KVM to work, you must have a processor that supports Intel's VT extensions or AMD's Pacifica extensions.<br />
<br />
Using KVM, one can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux, Windows or any other system images. (See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Guest_Support_Status Guest Support Status]) Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware: a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc. See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/HOWTO KVM Howto]<br />
<br />
Differences among the kvm, xen, vmware, and qemu can be found from [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#What_is_the_difference_between_kvm_and_Xen.3F KVM FAQ].<br />
<br />
=== Get the packages ===<br />
<br />
Arch Kernel 2.6.22 or newer now provide appropriate kvm modules. <br />
You could check if your kernel support kvm with the following command :<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe -l kvm*<br />
</pre><br />
KVM also requires a modified QEMU (the kvm package in the EXTRA repository, providing the qemu-kvm) to launch and manage virtual machines. Or, you can choose to install qemu >= 0.9.0, which conflicts with the kvm packge, and now provides a qemu-kvm executable (qemu --enable-kvm) that take advantage of this technology. <br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 kvm<br />
or<br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 qemu<br />
<br />
=== Setup kernel modules ===<br />
<br />
You could check if your computer support hardware acceleration with this command (must return something on screen) :<br />
<pre><br />
egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Firstly, you need to add your user into the kvm group to use the /dev/kvm device.<br />
<pre><br />
gpasswd -a <Your_Login_Name> kvm<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Secondly, modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-intel'' modules if you have Intel extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
Or modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-amd'' modules if you have AMD extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-amd<br />
</pre><br />
If modprobing kvm succedes, but modprobing kvm-intel or kvm-amd fails (but /proc/cpuinfo claims that VT is supported), check your bios settings. Some vendors (especially laptop vendors) disable VT by default.<br />
<br />
If you want these modules to persist, add them to ''rc.conf''<br />
<br />
=== Using KVM as a non-root user ===<br />
By default the /dev/kvm device is owned by root:root and is not accessible by other users. To enable a user to invoke qemu-kvm without root <br />
privileges, add them to the kvm group then add a udev rule to change the permissions of /dev/kvm when it is created. <br />
<pre><br />
groupadd kvm<br />
usermod -aG kvm <the users' username><br />
cat >>/etc/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules <<EOF<br />
KERNEL=="kvm", NAME="%k", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"<br />
EOF<br />
modprobe -r kvm-intel # or kvm-amd if using that hardware<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
It is necessary to for the user to log out before any group membership changes will take effect. /dev/kvm will be recreated with read-write<br />
privileges for members of group kvm. <br />
<br />
=== How to use KVM ===<br />
# Create a guest OS image <pre>$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 <Image_Name> <size></pre><br />
# Install the guest OS <br> A CD/DVD image (ISO files) can be used for the installation. <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -cdrom </Path/to/the/ISO/Image> -boot d -vga std</pre><br />
# Running the system <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -vga std</pre><br />
Note: The default memory of KVM is 128M, if not provide "-m".<br />
<br />
See '''[[QEMU]]''' for all informations, and the ''Using the Kernel-based Virtual Machine'' section.<br />
<br />
=== Easy to Use for New User ===<br />
If the qemu package has been installed, you can use an GUI tool, such as qtemu, to manage your virtual machine (you need to change "qemu" in the configure item"QEMU start command" to "qemu-kvm" / "qemu-system-x86_64").</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KVM_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=74290KVM (简体中文)2009-08-21T13:53:55Z<p>GD: moved Kvm(简体中文) to KVM (简体中文):&#32;格式化标题</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|KVM}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|KVM (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
'''KVM''', Kernel-based Virtual Machine, is a hypervisor built right into the 2.6 kernel for kernels later than 2.6.20. It is similar to Xen in purpose but much simpler to get running. To start using the hypervisor, just load the appropriate kvm modules and the hypervisor is up. As with Xen's full virtualization, in order for KVM to work, you must have a processor that supports Intel's VT extensions or AMD's Pacifica extensions.<br />
<br />
Using KVM, one can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux, Windows or any other system images. (See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Guest_Support_Status Guest Support Status]) Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware: a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc. See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/HOWTO KVM Howto]<br />
<br />
Differences among the kvm, xen, vmware, and qemu can be found from [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#What_is_the_difference_between_kvm_and_Xen.3F KVM FAQ].<br />
<br />
=== 获取软件包 ===<br />
<br />
Arch 内核 2.6.22 或更新版本现在提供合适的KVM模块. <br />
你可以使用下面命令来检查你的内核版本是否支持KVM :<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe -l kvm*<br />
</pre><br />
KVM also requires a modified QEMU (the kvm package in the EXTRA repository, providing the qemu-kvm) to launch and manage virtual machines. Or, you can choose to install qemu >= 0.9.0, which conflicts with the kvm packge, and now provides a qemu-kvm executable (qemu --enable-kvm) that take advantage of this technology. <br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 kvm<br />
or<br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 qemu<br />
<br />
=== Setup kernel modules ===<br />
<br />
You could check if your computer support hardware acceleration with this command (must return something on screen) :<br />
<pre><br />
egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Firstly, you need to add your user into the kvm group to use the /dev/kvm device.<br />
<pre><br />
gpasswd -a <Your_Login_Name> kvm<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Secondly, modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-intel'' modules if you have Intel extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
Or modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-amd'' modules if you have AMD extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-amd<br />
</pre><br />
If modprobing kvm succedes, but modprobing kvm-intel or kvm-amd fails (but /proc/cpuinfo claims that VT is supported), check your bios settings. Some vendors (especially laptop vendors) disable VT by default.<br />
<br />
If you want these modules to persist, add them to ''rc.conf''<br />
<br />
=== Using KVM as a non-root user ===<br />
By default the /dev/kvm device is owned by root:root and is not accessible by other users. To enable a user to invoke qemu-kvm without root <br />
privileges, add them to the kvm group then add a udev rule to change the permissions of /dev/kvm when it is created. <br />
<pre><br />
groupadd kvm<br />
usermod -aG kvm <the users' username><br />
cat >>/etc/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules <<EOF<br />
KERNEL=="kvm", NAME="%k", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"<br />
EOF<br />
modprobe -r kvm-intel # or kvm-amd if using that hardware<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
It is necessary to for the user to log out before any group membership changes will take effect. /dev/kvm will be recreated with read-write<br />
privileges for members of group kvm. <br />
<br />
=== 如何使用KVM ===<br />
# 创建一个操作系统镜像 <pre>$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 <Image_Name> <size></pre><br />
# 安装操作系统 <br> A CD/DVD image (ISO files) can be used for the installation. <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -cdrom </Path/to/the/ISO/Image> -boot d -vga std</pre><br />
# 运行系统 <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -vga std</pre><br />
Note: The default memory of KVM is 128M, if not provide "-m".<br />
<br />
See '''[[QEMU]]''' for all informations, and the ''Using the Kernel-based Virtual Machine'' section.<br />
<br />
=== Easy to Use for New User ===<br />
If the qemu package has been installed, you can use an GUI tool, such as qtemu, to manage your virtual machine (you need to change "qemu" in the configure item"QEMU start command" to "qemu-kvm" / "qemu-system-x86_64").</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KVM_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=74289KVM (简体中文)2009-08-21T13:53:24Z<p>GD: fixed i18n and categories</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Emulators (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|KVM}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|KVM (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
'''KVM''', Kernel-based Virtual Machine, is a hypervisor built right into the 2.6 kernel for kernels later than 2.6.20. It is similar to Xen in purpose but much simpler to get running. To start using the hypervisor, just load the appropriate kvm modules and the hypervisor is up. As with Xen's full virtualization, in order for KVM to work, you must have a processor that supports Intel's VT extensions or AMD's Pacifica extensions.<br />
<br />
Using KVM, one can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux, Windows or any other system images. (See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Guest_Support_Status Guest Support Status]) Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware: a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc. See [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/HOWTO KVM Howto]<br />
<br />
Differences among the kvm, xen, vmware, and qemu can be found from [http://www.linux-kvm.org/page/FAQ#What_is_the_difference_between_kvm_and_Xen.3F KVM FAQ].<br />
<br />
=== 获取软件包 ===<br />
<br />
Arch 内核 2.6.22 或更新版本现在提供合适的KVM模块. <br />
你可以使用下面命令来检查你的内核版本是否支持KVM :<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe -l kvm*<br />
</pre><br />
KVM also requires a modified QEMU (the kvm package in the EXTRA repository, providing the qemu-kvm) to launch and manage virtual machines. Or, you can choose to install qemu >= 0.9.0, which conflicts with the kvm packge, and now provides a qemu-kvm executable (qemu --enable-kvm) that take advantage of this technology. <br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 kvm<br />
or<br />
pacman -Sy kernel26 qemu<br />
<br />
=== Setup kernel modules ===<br />
<br />
You could check if your computer support hardware acceleration with this command (must return something on screen) :<br />
<pre><br />
egrep '^flags.*(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Firstly, you need to add your user into the kvm group to use the /dev/kvm device.<br />
<pre><br />
gpasswd -a <Your_Login_Name> kvm<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Secondly, modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-intel'' modules if you have Intel extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
Or modprobe ''kvm'' and ''kvm-amd'' modules if you have AMD extensions.<br />
<pre><br />
modprobe kvm<br />
modprobe kvm-amd<br />
</pre><br />
If modprobing kvm succedes, but modprobing kvm-intel or kvm-amd fails (but /proc/cpuinfo claims that VT is supported), check your bios settings. Some vendors (especially laptop vendors) disable VT by default.<br />
<br />
If you want these modules to persist, add them to ''rc.conf''<br />
<br />
=== Using KVM as a non-root user ===<br />
By default the /dev/kvm device is owned by root:root and is not accessible by other users. To enable a user to invoke qemu-kvm without root <br />
privileges, add them to the kvm group then add a udev rule to change the permissions of /dev/kvm when it is created. <br />
<pre><br />
groupadd kvm<br />
usermod -aG kvm <the users' username><br />
cat >>/etc/udev/rules.d/65-kvm.rules <<EOF<br />
KERNEL=="kvm", NAME="%k", GROUP="kvm", MODE="0660"<br />
EOF<br />
modprobe -r kvm-intel # or kvm-amd if using that hardware<br />
modprobe kvm-intel<br />
</pre><br />
It is necessary to for the user to log out before any group membership changes will take effect. /dev/kvm will be recreated with read-write<br />
privileges for members of group kvm. <br />
<br />
=== 如何使用KVM ===<br />
# 创建一个操作系统镜像 <pre>$ qemu-img create -f qcow2 <Image_Name> <size></pre><br />
# 安装操作系统 <br> A CD/DVD image (ISO files) can be used for the installation. <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -cdrom </Path/to/the/ISO/Image> -boot d -vga std</pre><br />
# 运行系统 <pre>$ qemu-kvm -hda <Image_Name> -m 512 -vga std</pre><br />
Note: The default memory of KVM is 128M, if not provide "-m".<br />
<br />
See '''[[QEMU]]''' for all informations, and the ''Using the Kernel-based Virtual Machine'' section.<br />
<br />
=== Easy to Use for New User ===<br />
If the qemu package has been installed, you can use an GUI tool, such as qtemu, to manage your virtual machine (you need to change "qemu" in the configure item"QEMU start command" to "qemu-kvm" / "qemu-system-x86_64").</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Fcitx_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=74249Fcitx (简体中文)2009-08-20T15:28:20Z<p>GD: fixed Category</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
[[Category:General (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Fcitx}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|FCITX 输入法 (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
==安装 FCITX ==<br />
Fcitx (Free Chinese Input Toy for X) ──即小企鹅输入法 ,它是一个以 GPL方式发布的、基于XIM的简体中文输入法(即原来的 G 五笔),包括五笔、拼音(全拼和双拼)、二笔、区位等输入模块,支持简入繁出,是在Linux操作系统中常用的中文输入法。它的优点是,没有太强的依赖性。因此,跟程序的兼容性比较好。<br />
<br />
它在 extra 库中,可以用以下命令轻松安装:<br />
pacman -S fcitx<br />
<br />
因云帆论坛有人批评Fcitx代码写的很差,作者于2007年7月10日决定终止了本项目。但随即有人宣布接手。该项目的主页转移到了 Google Code 上面(http://code.google.com/p/fcitx )。<br><br />
当前的最新版本是其 SVN 版,即 fcitx-svn。可以从 AUR 上来安装:<br />
yaourt -S fcitx-svn<br />
<br />
==使用 FCITX 输入中文==<br />
<br />
使用 FCITX 之前,你必须先进行环境设定,不过这并不难.<br />
*打开你主文件夹(/home/XXX)下的 .bashrc文件,添加以下几行:<br />
#setup XIM environment, needn't if use SCIM as gtk-immodules<br />
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx<br />
export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim<br />
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim<br />
<br />
*重新登录以使其生效. <br />
<br />
重新登录后,打开一个终端, 输入:<br />
<br />
fcitx &<br />
<br />
为检验 fcitx 是否正常运行, 打开一个程序,比如 leafpad, 按 CTRL+Space 激活 FCITX 并试着输入几个字.<br />
<br />
如果一切正常, 也许你想让它随 X 环境启动,我们也十分推荐这样做──尽管启动 X 之后运行 fcitx 有时可能导致诸如 gnome-panel 之类的程序崩溃(不是很严重但有点烦人).<br />
打开主文件夹下的 .xinitrc,在启动你的窗口管理器(WM)(即在:exec ***)'''之前'''添加两行:<br />
<br />
killall fcitx<br />
fcitx &<br />
<br />
如果你使用类似 XDM (比如说 gdm)的桌面管理器, 请在 ~/.profile 中进行以上设定。当然,最好在 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.xinitrc 等文件中设置,即可以正常使用了。<br />
<br />
大功告成!<br />
<br />
==Troubleshooting:==<br />
1. 如果你按下 CTRL+Space 不能激活 FCITX , 而它确实在后台运行正常, 请检查你的 locale:<br />
<br />
[ganlu@A ~]$ locale<br />
LANG=en_US<br />
LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8<br />
LC_NUMERIC="en_US"<br />
LC_TIME="en_US"<br />
LC_COLLATE=C<br />
LC_MONETARY="en_US"<br />
LC_MESSAGES="en_US"<br />
LC_PAPER="en_US"<br />
LC_NAME="en_US"<br />
LC_ADDRESS="en_US"<br />
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US"<br />
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US"<br />
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US"<br />
LC_ALL=<br />
<br />
以上是在我机器上执行 'locale' 命令的结果, 所以我们知道 FCITX 确实支持 utf8 (至少支持 en_US.utf8 ) . 如果你的 locale 输出显示你已经正确设定 utf8 为 locale , 我推荐你检查一下你是否启用 utf8:<br />
[ganlu@A ~]$ locale -a<br />
查看你的 locale 是否包含在其中, 如果没有, 不用担心, 我们可以自己添加:<br />
[ganlu@A ~]$ localedef -vci en_US -f utf8 en_US.utf8<br />
然后,重新登录看其是否生效.<br />
如果还是不行, 可以试试用带有 "zh_CN" 的编码方案作为 locale , 比如:<br />
export LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.gbk<br />
关于 locale 的详情,请参阅 Google.<br />
<br />
<br />
--------------<br />
--------------<br />
* '''注意:'''<br />
其实,在英文环境下,并不需要将 LC_CTYPE 变量设为中文的locale。也就是说,完全不用设置 locale ,也能照样使用中文输入法。<br />
如果 ~/.bashrc or ~/.xinitrc 文件中,已经有了:<br />
export XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx<br />
export GTK_IM_MODULE=xim<br />
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim<br />
那么,KDE/Qt 的程序应该就能用了。<br />
对于 GTK 程序,只需要修改 /etc/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules,将:<br />
"xim" "X Input Method" "gtk20" "/usr/share/locale" "ko:ja:th:zh"<br />
这一行的后面,加入“en”,即更改为:<br />
"xim" "X Input Method" "gtk20" "/usr/share/locale" "en:ko:ja:th:zh"<br />
就可以顺利的在英文环境下使用 Fcitx 了。<br />
<br />
同理,如果想要在英文环境下使用 SCIM ,那么只要将:<br />
"scim" "SCIM Input Method" "scim" "/usr/share/locale" "ja:ko:zh"<br />
更改为:<br />
"scim" "SCIM Input Method" "scim" "/usr/share/locale" "en:ja:ko:zh"<br />
即可。<br />
---------<br />
---------<br />
<br />
<br />
2. 可以激活 FCITX, 但上面的字体显示为白框的情况.<br />
请修改 ~/.fcitx/config, 把下面这行:<br />
显示字体(中)=*<br />
改为 <br />
显示字体(中)=AR PL ShanHeiSun Uni<br />
这里我使用了 uming 字体. 重启 FCITX:<br />
[ganlu@A ~]$ pkill fcitx<br />
[ganlu@A ~]$ fcitx &<br />
<br />
<br />
关于更多 FCITX 的配置, 请查看 ~/.fcitx/config ,不过你最好懂中文, :- )</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KDE_Packages_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=74248KDE Packages (简体中文)2009-08-20T15:15:35Z<p>GD: 明天继续翻译,睡觉先</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|KDE Packages}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|KDE的软件包 (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
我们从KDE 4.3开始为每个KDE软件提供了单独的软件包,因此撰写此文帮你更好地理解他们。<br />
<br />
==命名==<br />
* '''module''': KDE's source code is organized into several categories called ''modules''. The project releases one source archive per module. See http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/Release_Team#Coordinator_List<br />
* '''group''': Packages can be put into a package group. [[Pacman]] is able to select packages by groups on install or uninstall. This meta information does not imply any hard dependencies.<br />
* '''meta package''': An empty package which just connects several packages by using dependencies.<br />
<br />
==软件包组==<br />
There are groups for each KDE module. In addition to this there is the '''kde''' group which includes the whole KDE distribution and a group ''strigi-analyzer''.<br />
<br />
Using groups makes it easier to install and maintain a set of packages. There is no hard dependency between a group and its packages. That means there is no need to install all packages of a group for example. On the other hand pacman wont install any packages new to a certain group on its own.<br />
<br />
Just type <br />
pacman -S kdebase kdeutils ...<br />
to install some groups or<br />
pacman -S kde<br />
to install all of them.<br />
<br />
==Meta包==<br />
There are meta packages for each KDE module. Each of those replace and provide one of the previous packages that were used before KDE 4.3. This also ensures a smooth update to the new split packages.<br />
<br />
In contrast to groups meta packages have a hard dependency to all its KDE modules. So, you cannot remove any sub packages without removing the meta package itself. If there are new modules available the use of meta packages ensures that pacman will install those automatically.<br />
<br />
All meta packages are member of the '''kde-meta''' group and thus can be easily installed or removed.<br />
<br />
You can remove or install meta packages at any time in order to use modular packages or emulate the previous monolithic set of packages.<br />
<br />
To remove those groups use<br />
pacman -R kde-meta<br />
This wont remove any KDE packages but only the meta packages!<br />
<br />
==总览==<br />
{|border="1"<br />
|style="width:20%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''软件包组'''<br />
|style="width:20%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''meta包'''<br />
|style="width:30%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''软件包'''<br />
|style="width:30%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''描述'''<br />
|-<br />
|kdeaccessibility<br />
|kde-meta-kdeaccessibility<br />
|<br />
* kdeaccessibility-colorschemes<br />
* kdeaccessibility-iconthemes<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmag<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmousetool<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmouth<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kttsd<br />
|Accessibility applications<br />
|-<br />
|kdeadmin<br />
|kde-meta-kdeadmin<br />
|<br />
* kdeadmin-kcron<br />
* kdeadmin-ksystemlog<br />
* kdeadmin-kuser<br />
* kdeadmin-system-config-printer-kde<br />
|Tools for system administration<br />
|-<br />
|kdeartwork<br />
|kde-meta-kdeartwork<br />
|<br />
* kdeartwork-colorschemes<br />
* kdeartwork-desktopthemes<br />
* kdeartwork-emoticons<br />
* kdeartwork-iconthemes<br />
* kdeartwork-kscreensaver<br />
* kdeartwork-sounds<br />
* kdeartwork-styles<br />
* kdeartwork-wallpapers<br />
* kdeartwork-weatherwallpapers<br />
|Additional icons, styles, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|kdebase<br />
|kde-meta-kdebase<br />
|<br />
* kdebase-dolphin<br />
* kdebase-kappfinder<br />
* kdebase-kdepasswd<br />
* kdebase-kdialog<br />
* kdebase-keditbookmarks<br />
* kdebase-kfind<br />
* kdebase-kinfocenter<br />
* kdebase-konqueror<br />
* kdebase-konsole<br />
* kdebase-kwrite<br />
* kdebase-nsplugins<br />
* kdebase-plasma<br />
|Essential apps needed to complement a desktop shell for basic functionality (web browser, file manager, ...)<br />
|-<br />
|kdebindings<br />
|kde-meta-kdebindings<br />
|<br />
* kdebindings-python<br />
* kdebindings-smoke<br />
|Bindings to programming languages<br />
|-<br />
|kdeedu<br />
|kde-meta-kdeedu<br />
|<br />
* kdeedu-blinken<br />
* kdeedu-kalgebra<br />
* kdeedu-kalzium<br />
* kdeedu-kanagram<br />
* kdeedu-kbruch<br />
* kdeedu-kgeography<br />
* kdeedu-khangman<br />
* kdeedu-kig<br />
* kdeedu-kiten<br />
* kdeedu-klettres<br />
* kdeedu-kmplot<br />
* kdeedu-kstars<br />
* kdeedu-ktouch<br />
* kdeedu-kturtle<br />
* kdeedu-kwordquiz<br />
* kdeedu-marble<br />
* kdeedu-parley<br />
* kdeedu-step<br />
|Applications with educational content<br />
|-<br />
|kdegames<br />
|kde-meta-kdegames<br />
|<br />
* kdegames-bomber<br />
* kdegames-bovo<br />
* kdegames-kapman<br />
* kdegames-katomic<br />
* kdegames-kbattleship<br />
* kdegames-kblackbox<br />
* kdegames-kblocks<br />
* kdegames-kbounce<br />
* kdegames-kbreakout<br />
* kdegames-kdiamond<br />
* kdegames-kfourinline<br />
* kdegames-kgoldrunner<br />
* kdegames-killbots<br />
* kdegames-kiriki<br />
* kdegames-kjumpingcube<br />
* kdegames-klines<br />
* kdegames-kmahjongg<br />
* kdegames-kmines<br />
* kdegames-knetwalk<br />
* kdegames-kolf<br />
* kdegames-kollision<br />
* kdegames-konquest<br />
* kdegames-kpat<br />
* kdegames-kreversi<br />
* kdegames-ksame<br />
* kdegames-kshisen<br />
* kdegames-ksirk<br />
* kdegames-kspaceduel<br />
* kdegames-ksquares<br />
* kdegames-ksudoku<br />
* kdegames-ktron<br />
* kdegames-ktuberling<br />
* kdegames-kubrick<br />
* kdegames-lskat<br />
|Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|kdegraphics<br />
|kde-meta-kdegraphics<br />
|<br />
* kdegraphics-gwenview<br />
* kdegraphics-kamera<br />
* kdegraphics-kcolorchooser<br />
* kdegraphics-kgamma<br />
* kdegraphics-kolourpaint<br />
* kdegraphics-kruler<br />
* kdegraphics-ksaneplugin<br />
* kdegraphics-ksnapshot<br />
* kdegraphics-okular<br />
* kdegraphics-strigi-analyzer<br />
* kdegraphics-svgpart<br />
* kdegraphics-thumbnailers<br />
|Graphics viewing and editing<br />
|-<br />
|kdemultimedia<br />
|kde-meta-kdemultimedia<br />
|<br />
* kdemultimedia-dragonplayer<br />
* kdemultimedia-juk<br />
* kdemultimedia-kioslave<br />
* kdemultimedia-kmix<br />
* kdemultimedia-kscd<br />
* kdemultimedia-mplayerthumbs<br />
* kdemultimedia-strigi-analyzer<br />
|Audio and video applications<br />
|-<br />
|kdenetwork<br />
|kde-meta-kdenetwork<br />
|<br />
* kdenetwork-filesharing<br />
* kdenetwork-kdnssd<br />
* kdenetwork-kget<br />
* kdenetwork-kopete<br />
* kdenetwork-kppp<br />
* kdenetwork-krdc<br />
* kdenetwork-krfb<br />
|Network-centric apps (IM, remote desktop, etc)<br />
|-<br />
|kdepim<br />
|kde-meta-kdepim<br />
|<br />
* kdepim-akregator<br />
* kdepim-console<br />
* kdepim-kaddressbook<br />
* kdepim-kalarm<br />
* kdepim-kjots<br />
* kdepim-kleopatra<br />
* kdepim-kmail<br />
* kdepim-kmailcvt<br />
* kdepim-knode<br />
* kdepim-knotes<br />
* kdepim-kontact<br />
* kdepim-kontactinterfaces<br />
* kdepim-korganizer<br />
* kdepim-kpilot<br />
* kdepim-kresources<br />
* kdepim-ksendemail<br />
* kdepim-ktimetracker<br />
* kdepim-plugins<br />
* kdepim-strigi-analyzer<br />
* kdepim-wizards<br />
|Groupware<br />
|-<br />
|kdeplasma-addons<br />
|kde-meta-kdeplasma-addons<br />
|<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-bball <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-binary-clock <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-bubblemon <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-calculator <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-charselect <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-comic <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-dict <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-eyes <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-fifteenpuzzle <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-filewatcher <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-frame <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-fuzzy-clock <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-incomingmsg<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-kolourpicker<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-konqprofiles<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-konsoleprofiles<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-lancelot<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-leavenote<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-life<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-luna<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-magnifique<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-mediaplayer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-microblog<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-news<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-notes<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-nowplaying<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-opendesktop<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-paste<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-pastebin<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-previewer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-rememberthemilk<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-rssnow<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-showdashboard<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-showdesktop<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-systemloadviewer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-timer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-unitconverter<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-weather<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-weatherstation<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-browserhistory<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-contacts<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-converter<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-katesessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-konquerorsessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-konsolesessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-spellchecker<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-mandelbrot<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-marble<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-pattern<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-virus<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-weather<br />
|Plasma applets<br />
|-<br />
|kdesdk<br />
|kde-meta-kdesdk<br />
|<br />
* kdesdk-cervisia<br />
* kdesdk-kapptemplate<br />
* kdesdk-kate<br />
* kdesdk-kbugbuster<br />
* kdesdk-kcachegrind<br />
* kdesdk-kdeaccounts-plugin<br />
* kdesdk-kdepalettes<br />
* kdesdk-kioslave<br />
* kdesdk-kmtrace<br />
* kdesdk-kompare<br />
* kdesdk-kpartloader<br />
* kdesdk-kprofilemethod<br />
* kdesdk-kstartperf<br />
* kdesdk-kuiviewer<br />
* kdesdk-lokalize<br />
* kdesdk-poxml<br />
* kdesdk-scripts<br />
* kdesdk-strigi-analyzer<br />
* kdesdk-umbrello<br />
|Tools for software development<br />
|-<br />
|kdetoys<br />
|kde-meta-kdetoys<br />
|<br />
* kdetoys-amor<br />
* kdetoys-kteatime<br />
* kdetoys-ktux<br />
* kdetoys-kweather<br />
|Fun distractions<br />
|-<br />
|kdeutils<br />
|kde-meta-kdeutils<br />
|<br />
* kdeutils-ark<br />
* kdeutils-kcalc<br />
* kdeutils-kcharselect<br />
* kdeutils-kdelirc<br />
* kdeutils-kdessh<br />
* kdeutils-kdf<br />
* kdeutils-kfloppy<br />
* kdeutils-kgpg<br />
* kdeutils-ktimer<br />
* kdeutils-kwallet<br />
* kdeutils-okteta<br />
* kdeutils-printer-applet<br />
* kdeutils-superkaramba<br />
* kdeutils-sweeper<br />
|Miscellaneous utilities<br />
|-<br />
|kdewebdev<br />
|kde-meta-kdewebdev<br />
|<br />
* kdewebdev-kfilereplace<br />
* kdewebdev-kimagemapeditor<br />
* kdewebdev-klinkstatus<br />
* kdewebdev-kommander<br />
* kdewebdev-kxsldbg<br />
|Web development tool suite<br />
|}</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=KDE_Packages&diff=74247KDE Packages2009-08-20T15:07:24Z<p>GD: added i18n</p>
<hr />
<div>{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|KDE Packages}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|KDE的软件包 (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
With KDE 4.3 separate packages for each application are provided. This article describes the concept about groups and meta packages.<br />
<br />
==Naming==<br />
* '''module''': KDE's source code is organized into several categories called ''modules''. The project releases one source archive per module. See http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/Release_Team#Coordinator_List<br />
* '''group''': Packages can be put into a package group. [[Pacman]] is able to select packages by groups on install or uninstall. This meta information does not imply any hard dependencies.<br />
* '''meta package''': An empty package which just connects several packages by using dependencies.<br />
<br />
==Package groups==<br />
There are groups for each KDE module. In addition to this there is the '''kde''' group which includes the whole KDE distribution and a group ''strigi-analyzer''.<br />
<br />
Using groups makes it easier to install and maintain a set of packages. There is no hard dependency between a group and its packages. That means there is no need to install all packages of a group for example. On the other hand pacman wont install any packages new to a certain group on its own.<br />
<br />
Just type <br />
pacman -S kdebase kdeutils ...<br />
to install some groups or<br />
pacman -S kde<br />
to install all of them.<br />
<br />
==Meta packages==<br />
There are meta packages for each KDE module. Each of those replace and provide one of the previous packages that were used before KDE 4.3. This also ensures a smooth update to the new split packages.<br />
<br />
In contrast to groups meta packages have a hard dependency to all its KDE modules. So, you cannot remove any sub packages without removing the meta package itself. If there are new modules available the use of meta packages ensures that pacman will install those automatically.<br />
<br />
All meta packages are member of the '''kde-meta''' group and thus can be easily installed or removed.<br />
<br />
You can remove or install meta packages at any time in order to use modular packages or emulate the previous monolithic set of packages.<br />
<br />
To remove those groups use<br />
pacman -R kde-meta<br />
This wont remove any KDE packages but only the meta packages!<br />
<br />
==Overview==<br />
{|border="1"<br />
|style="width:20%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''package group'''<br />
|style="width:20%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''meta package'''<br />
|style="width:30%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''packages'''<br />
|style="width:30%;background-color:#E5E5E5"|'''description'''<br />
|-<br />
|kdeaccessibility<br />
|kde-meta-kdeaccessibility<br />
|<br />
* kdeaccessibility-colorschemes<br />
* kdeaccessibility-iconthemes<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmag<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmousetool<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kmouth<br />
* kdeaccessibility-kttsd<br />
|Accessibility applications<br />
|-<br />
|kdeadmin<br />
|kde-meta-kdeadmin<br />
|<br />
* kdeadmin-kcron<br />
* kdeadmin-ksystemlog<br />
* kdeadmin-kuser<br />
* kdeadmin-system-config-printer-kde<br />
|Tools for system administration<br />
|-<br />
|kdeartwork<br />
|kde-meta-kdeartwork<br />
|<br />
* kdeartwork-colorschemes<br />
* kdeartwork-desktopthemes<br />
* kdeartwork-emoticons<br />
* kdeartwork-iconthemes<br />
* kdeartwork-kscreensaver<br />
* kdeartwork-sounds<br />
* kdeartwork-styles<br />
* kdeartwork-wallpapers<br />
* kdeartwork-weatherwallpapers<br />
|Additional icons, styles, etc.<br />
|-<br />
|kdebase<br />
|kde-meta-kdebase<br />
|<br />
* kdebase-dolphin<br />
* kdebase-kappfinder<br />
* kdebase-kdepasswd<br />
* kdebase-kdialog<br />
* kdebase-keditbookmarks<br />
* kdebase-kfind<br />
* kdebase-kinfocenter<br />
* kdebase-konqueror<br />
* kdebase-konsole<br />
* kdebase-kwrite<br />
* kdebase-nsplugins<br />
* kdebase-plasma<br />
|Essential apps needed to complement a desktop shell for basic functionality (web browser, file manager, ...)<br />
|-<br />
|kdebindings<br />
|kde-meta-kdebindings<br />
|<br />
* kdebindings-python<br />
* kdebindings-smoke<br />
|Bindings to programming languages<br />
|-<br />
|kdeedu<br />
|kde-meta-kdeedu<br />
|<br />
* kdeedu-blinken<br />
* kdeedu-kalgebra<br />
* kdeedu-kalzium<br />
* kdeedu-kanagram<br />
* kdeedu-kbruch<br />
* kdeedu-kgeography<br />
* kdeedu-khangman<br />
* kdeedu-kig<br />
* kdeedu-kiten<br />
* kdeedu-klettres<br />
* kdeedu-kmplot<br />
* kdeedu-kstars<br />
* kdeedu-ktouch<br />
* kdeedu-kturtle<br />
* kdeedu-kwordquiz<br />
* kdeedu-marble<br />
* kdeedu-parley<br />
* kdeedu-step<br />
|Applications with educational content<br />
|-<br />
|kdegames<br />
|kde-meta-kdegames<br />
|<br />
* kdegames-bomber<br />
* kdegames-bovo<br />
* kdegames-kapman<br />
* kdegames-katomic<br />
* kdegames-kbattleship<br />
* kdegames-kblackbox<br />
* kdegames-kblocks<br />
* kdegames-kbounce<br />
* kdegames-kbreakout<br />
* kdegames-kdiamond<br />
* kdegames-kfourinline<br />
* kdegames-kgoldrunner<br />
* kdegames-killbots<br />
* kdegames-kiriki<br />
* kdegames-kjumpingcube<br />
* kdegames-klines<br />
* kdegames-kmahjongg<br />
* kdegames-kmines<br />
* kdegames-knetwalk<br />
* kdegames-kolf<br />
* kdegames-kollision<br />
* kdegames-konquest<br />
* kdegames-kpat<br />
* kdegames-kreversi<br />
* kdegames-ksame<br />
* kdegames-kshisen<br />
* kdegames-ksirk<br />
* kdegames-kspaceduel<br />
* kdegames-ksquares<br />
* kdegames-ksudoku<br />
* kdegames-ktron<br />
* kdegames-ktuberling<br />
* kdegames-kubrick<br />
* kdegames-lskat<br />
|Entertainment<br />
|-<br />
|kdegraphics<br />
|kde-meta-kdegraphics<br />
|<br />
* kdegraphics-gwenview<br />
* kdegraphics-kamera<br />
* kdegraphics-kcolorchooser<br />
* kdegraphics-kgamma<br />
* kdegraphics-kolourpaint<br />
* kdegraphics-kruler<br />
* kdegraphics-ksaneplugin<br />
* kdegraphics-ksnapshot<br />
* kdegraphics-okular<br />
* kdegraphics-strigi-analyzer<br />
* kdegraphics-svgpart<br />
* kdegraphics-thumbnailers<br />
|Graphics viewing and editing<br />
|-<br />
|kdemultimedia<br />
|kde-meta-kdemultimedia<br />
|<br />
* kdemultimedia-dragonplayer<br />
* kdemultimedia-juk<br />
* kdemultimedia-kioslave<br />
* kdemultimedia-kmix<br />
* kdemultimedia-kscd<br />
* kdemultimedia-mplayerthumbs<br />
* kdemultimedia-strigi-analyzer<br />
|Audio and video applications<br />
|-<br />
|kdenetwork<br />
|kde-meta-kdenetwork<br />
|<br />
* kdenetwork-filesharing<br />
* kdenetwork-kdnssd<br />
* kdenetwork-kget<br />
* kdenetwork-kopete<br />
* kdenetwork-kppp<br />
* kdenetwork-krdc<br />
* kdenetwork-krfb<br />
|Network-centric apps (IM, remote desktop, etc)<br />
|-<br />
|kdepim<br />
|kde-meta-kdepim<br />
|<br />
* kdepim-akregator<br />
* kdepim-console<br />
* kdepim-kaddressbook<br />
* kdepim-kalarm<br />
* kdepim-kjots<br />
* kdepim-kleopatra<br />
* kdepim-kmail<br />
* kdepim-kmailcvt<br />
* kdepim-knode<br />
* kdepim-knotes<br />
* kdepim-kontact<br />
* kdepim-kontactinterfaces<br />
* kdepim-korganizer<br />
* kdepim-kpilot<br />
* kdepim-kresources<br />
* kdepim-ksendemail<br />
* kdepim-ktimetracker<br />
* kdepim-plugins<br />
* kdepim-strigi-analyzer<br />
* kdepim-wizards<br />
|Groupware<br />
|-<br />
|kdeplasma-addons<br />
|kde-meta-kdeplasma-addons<br />
|<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-bball <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-binary-clock <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-bubblemon <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-calculator <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-charselect <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-comic <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-dict <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-eyes <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-fifteenpuzzle <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-filewatcher <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-frame <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-fuzzy-clock <br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-incomingmsg<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-kolourpicker<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-konqprofiles<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-konsoleprofiles<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-lancelot<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-leavenote<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-life<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-luna<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-magnifique<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-mediaplayer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-microblog<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-news<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-notes<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-nowplaying<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-opendesktop<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-paste<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-pastebin<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-previewer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-rememberthemilk<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-rssnow<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-showdashboard<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-showdesktop<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-systemloadviewer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-timer<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-unitconverter<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-weather<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-applets-weatherstation<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-browserhistory<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-contacts<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-converter<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-katesessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-konquerorsessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-konsolesessions<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-runners-spellchecker<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-mandelbrot<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-marble<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-pattern<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-virus<br />
* kdeplasma-addons-wallpapers-weather<br />
|Plasma applets<br />
|-<br />
|kdesdk<br />
|kde-meta-kdesdk<br />
|<br />
* kdesdk-cervisia<br />
* kdesdk-kapptemplate<br />
* kdesdk-kate<br />
* kdesdk-kbugbuster<br />
* kdesdk-kcachegrind<br />
* kdesdk-kdeaccounts-plugin<br />
* kdesdk-kdepalettes<br />
* kdesdk-kioslave<br />
* kdesdk-kmtrace<br />
* kdesdk-kompare<br />
* kdesdk-kpartloader<br />
* kdesdk-kprofilemethod<br />
* kdesdk-kstartperf<br />
* kdesdk-kuiviewer<br />
* kdesdk-lokalize<br />
* kdesdk-poxml<br />
* kdesdk-scripts<br />
* kdesdk-strigi-analyzer<br />
* kdesdk-umbrello<br />
|Tools for software development<br />
|-<br />
|kdetoys<br />
|kde-meta-kdetoys<br />
|<br />
* kdetoys-amor<br />
* kdetoys-kteatime<br />
* kdetoys-ktux<br />
* kdetoys-kweather<br />
|Fun distractions<br />
|-<br />
|kdeutils<br />
|kde-meta-kdeutils<br />
|<br />
* kdeutils-ark<br />
* kdeutils-kcalc<br />
* kdeutils-kcharselect<br />
* kdeutils-kdelirc<br />
* kdeutils-kdessh<br />
* kdeutils-kdf<br />
* kdeutils-kfloppy<br />
* kdeutils-kgpg<br />
* kdeutils-ktimer<br />
* kdeutils-kwallet<br />
* kdeutils-okteta<br />
* kdeutils-printer-applet<br />
* kdeutils-superkaramba<br />
* kdeutils-sweeper<br />
|Miscellaneous utilities<br />
|-<br />
|kdewebdev<br />
|kde-meta-kdewebdev<br />
|<br />
* kdewebdev-kfilereplace<br />
* kdewebdev-kimagemapeditor<br />
* kdewebdev-klinkstatus<br />
* kdewebdev-kommander<br />
* kdewebdev-kxsldbg<br />
|Web development tool suite<br />
|}</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=RTorrent_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=74155RTorrent (简体中文)2009-08-18T22:46:14Z<p>GD: i18n sync'ing</p>
<hr />
<div>{{translateme}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Internet and Email (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:Utilities (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|RTorrent}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|RTorrent - cliente de bittorrent en línea de órdenes (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|RTorrent (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
= 介绍 =<br />
<br />
[http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/ rTorrent] 是一个非常简洁、性能高、占用资源低的BT客户端. 它是在C++中使用ncurses编写的, 因此它完全基于文本并在终端中运行. rTorrent is ideal for low-end systems and with the addition of GNU Screen and openssh it is convenient as a remote bittorrent client. <br />
<br />
== 安装 ==<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S rtorrent<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== 配置 ==<br />
<br />
在运行rTorrent前,首先要创建默认配置文件,该文件可以从rTorrent [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/browser/trunk/rtorrent/doc/rtorrent.rc?format=raw 项目主页]上找到,并将其另存为.rtorrent.rc放到你的主目录中. <br />
<br />
保存后, 使用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开它并进行有必要的改动. Simply uncomment the options you wish to enable/utilize. 如需更详细的资料,请访问[http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentCommonTasks rTorrent Common Tasks]<br />
<br />
=== 推荐配置 ===<br />
<br />
下面这些配置的值只是个人观点,这主要取决于你的系统和网络速度. 要寻找最佳配置供你使用请访问下面网站并按照指示操作: [http://torrentfreak.com/optimize-your-BitTorrent-download-speed Optimize Your BitTorrent Download Speed]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Maximum and minimum number of peers to connect to per torrent.<br />
#min_peers = 40<br />
max_peers = 52<br />
<br />
# Same as above but for seeding completed torrents (-1 = same as downloading)<br />
#min_peers_seed = 10<br />
max_peers_seed = 52<br />
<br />
# Maximum number of simultanious uploads per torrent.<br />
max_uploads = 8<br />
<br />
# Global upload and download rate in KiB. "0" for unlimited.<br />
download_rate = 200<br />
upload_rate = 28<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
下面的选项将决定你的torrent数据被保存在哪. 如果你想改变默认保存目录,请务必输入正确的绝对路径; rtorrent有一个奇怪的Bug,有时不考虑相对路径(i.e. ~/torrents):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default directory to save the downloaded torrents.<br />
directory = /home/[user]/torrents/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will allow rTorrent to save the progess of your torrents. 一定要创建一个目录来访问.session (普通用户运行:''mkdir ~/.session''):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default session directory. Make sure you don't run multiple instance<br />
# of rtorrent using the same session directory. Perhaps using a<br />
# relative path?<br />
session = /home/[user]/.session/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option will have rTorrent "watch" a particular directory for new .torrent files. Using your browser, when you find a .torrent file you would like to download, just save the file into this directory and rTorrent will automatically start the torrent. Be sure to create the directory that will be watched (simply run as normal user:''mkdir ~/watch''): <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Watch a directory for new torrents, and stop those that have been<br />
# deleted.<br />
#schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=./watch/*.torrent<br />
#schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=/home/[user]/watch/*.torrent<br />
schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = tied_directory,5,5,start_tied=<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option below will stop rTorrent from downloading any further when disk space is low. This is particuarly useful with a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbox Seedbox] where disk space is quite limited. Change the value as you like: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Close torrents when diskspace is low.<br />
schedule = low_diskspace,5,60,close_low_diskspace=100M<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will set what port to use for listening. It is recommended to use a port that is higher than 49152. rTorrent allows the use of a single port rather than a range; a single port rather than an actual range is recommended.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Port range to use for listening.<br />
port_range = 49164-49164<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allow for a hash check whenever a torrent is complete or whenever rTorrent is restarted. This will make sure there are no errors with your acquired/seeding files. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Check hash for finished torrents. Might be usefull until the bug is<br />
# fixed that causes lack of diskspace not to be properly reported.<br />
check_hash = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allows for the enabling of encryption. This is very important to enable, if not for yourself, but for others in the torrent swarm; people might need to obscure their bandwidth usage from their ISP. Does not hurt you to enable even if you do not need such protection. More information: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption Bittorrent Protocol Encryption]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Encryption options, set to none (default) or any combination of the following:<br />
# allow_incoming, try_outgoing, require, require_RC4, enable_retry, prefer_plaintext<br />
#<br />
# The example value allows incoming encrypted connections, starts unencrypted<br />
# outgoing connections but retries with encryption if they fail, preferring<br />
# plaintext to RC4 encryption after the encrypted handshake<br />
#<br />
# encryption = allow_incoming,enable_retry,prefer_plaintext<br />
encryption = allow_incoming,try_outgoing,enable_retry<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following is for DHT support. If you use public trackers, you'll want to enable DHT to acquire more peers. If you use only private trackers, '''do not enable DHT''' as this will reduce your speeds and can create a privacy risk. Some private trackers will even warn you if you use DHT. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Enable DHT support for trackerless torrents or when all trackers are down.<br />
# May be set to "disable" (completely disable DHT), "off" (do not start DHT),<br />
# "auto" (start and stop DHT as needed), or "on" (start DHT immediately).<br />
# The default is "off". For DHT to work, a session directory must be defined.<br />
# <br />
# dht = auto<br />
<br />
# UDP port to use for DHT. <br />
# <br />
# dht_port = 6881<br />
<br />
# Enable peer exchange (for torrents not marked private)<br />
#<br />
# peer_exchange = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to forward the proper port(s) with your router if you use one. A decent guide per router make/model can be found [http://portforward.com/english/routers/port_forwarding/routerindex.htm here].<br />
<br />
== 管理 ==<br />
<br />
rTorrent依靠用户输入的专有的快捷键.<br />
可在官方网站上查看完整的: [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentUserGuide rTorrent用户指南]<br />
<br />
这里是一些最基础的快速参考:<br />
<br />
*Control-q : closes rTorrent, done twice makes the program shutdown without waiting to send stopping information to the trackers.<br />
*Left arrow : returns to the previous screen.<br />
*Right arrow : goes to the next screen.<br />
*a|s|d : increase global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*A|S|D : increase global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*z|x|c : decrease global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Z|X|C : decrease global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Control-S : starts download<br />
*Control-D : stops an active download, removes a stopped download.<br />
*+ or - : changes the download priority of selected torrent.<br />
*Backspace : adds the specified .torrent. After pressing this button write full path or URL of .torrent file. You can use Tab and other tricks from bash.<br />
<br />
== 通过Screen使用rTorrent ==<br />
<br />
Screen 是允许CLI应用程序在后台运行并支持X运行的一个程序. <br />
<br />
安装:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S screen<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
然后复制screenrc到你的用户主目录:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cp /etc/screenrc ~/.screenrc<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
要总是通过Screen来运行rTorrent,在.screenrc文件中添加以下内容:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
要运行screen和rTorrent, 只要简单的在终端运行''screen''就可以了. Control-a followed by d will detach screen, and running ''screen -r'' will open screen again.<br />
<br />
===On a remote machine===<br />
Most setups of rTorrent on a remote machine involve using Screen. Supposing you have a detached Screen session with rtorrent on the remote machine (and the option to [[SSH]] into it), you can gain access to it using:<br />
<pre>/usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
If you want immediate access on startup, you will need to [http://bloggerdigest.blogspot.com/2006/11/ssh-auto-login-or-passwordless-login.html upload a key] from your machine to remote host (so you will not be prompted for a password) and setup a terminal to run the command above. An inittab example using [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=19631 rungetty] on virtual console 4:<br />
<pre>sam:45:respawn:/sbin/rungetty tty4 -u <local user> -- /usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <remote user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
<br />
===Screen后台运行rTorrent===<br />
<br />
I use this on my home server to run rtorrent w/ screen as a daemon. With the username ''rtorrent''<br />
Just create an ''rtorrent'' file in your ''/etc/rc.d/'' and add the following code.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
<br />
. /etc/rc.conf<br />
. /etc/rc.d/functions<br />
<br />
case "$1" in<br />
start)<br />
stat_busy "Starting rtorrent"<br />
su rtorrent -c 'screen -d -m rtorrent' &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
add_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
stop)<br />
stat_busy "Stopping rtorrent"<br />
killall -w -s 2 /usr/bin/rtorrent &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
rm_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
restart)<br />
$0 stop<br />
sleep 1<br />
$0 start<br />
;;<br />
*)<br />
echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"<br />
esac<br />
exit 0<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
On a remote computer I use the following script to connect to the server's daemon process:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
ssh -t rtorrent@192.168.1.10 'screen -r'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== 其他提示 ==<br />
<br />
*To use rTorrent with a tracker that uses https, do the following as root:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cd /etc/ssl/certs<br />
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer<br />
mv Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.pem<br />
c_rehash<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
And from now on run rTorrent with:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to change .screenrc to reflect this change if you use screen:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
*To create .torrent files, I recommend [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=10635&O=0&L=0&C=0&K=mktorrent&SB=n&SO=a&PP=25&do_MyPackages=0&do_Orphans=0&SeB=nd mktorrent] for commandline interface or [http://benclarke.ca/rubytorrent/ RubyTorrent] for GUI. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Send Text Message Upon Torrent Completion Using GMail===<br />
<br />
Cell phone providers allow you to "email" your phone:<br />
<pre><br />
Verizon: 10digitphonenumber@vtext.com<br />
Former AT&T customers: 10digitphonenumber@mmode.com<br />
Sprint: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.sprintpcs.com<br />
T-Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@tmomail.net<br />
Nextel: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.nextel.com<br />
Cingular: 10digitphonenumber@cingularme.com<br />
Virgin Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@vmobl.com<br />
Alltel: 10digitphonenumber@alltelmessage.com OR<br />
10digitphonenumber@message.alltel.com<br />
CellularOne: 10digitphonenumber@mobile.celloneusa.com<br />
Omnipoint: 10digitphonenumber@omnipointpcs.com<br />
Qwest: 10digitphonenumber@qwestmp.com<br />
</pre><br />
If you have Verizon, your cell phone's "email" is 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
<br />
*Install '''Heirloom's mailx''' program:<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy mailx-heirloom<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*Clear the /etc/nail.rc file and enter:<br />
<pre><br />
set smtp=smtp.gmail.com:587<br />
set smtp-use-starttls<br />
set ssl-verify=ignore<br />
set ssl-auth=login<br />
set smtp-auth-user=USERNAME@gmail.com<br />
set smtp-auth-password=PASSWORD<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Now to send the text, we must pipe a message to the mailx program.<br />
*Make a bash script (/path/to/mail.sh):<br />
<pre><br />
echo "Torrent Done" | mailx 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*And finally, add the important ~/.rtorrent.rc line:<br />
<pre><br />
on_finished = move_complete,"execute=/path/to/mail.sh"<br />
</pre><br />
'''Note:''' The "move complete" won't affect anything. I couldn't get it to work without it.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
<br />
[[Screen Tips|Screen Tips]]<br />
<br />
A Detailed Intro to Bittorrent including definition of terms [http://www.dessent.net/btfaq/#terms terms]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=RTorrent_(Espa%C3%B1ol)&diff=74154RTorrent (Español)2009-08-18T22:42:34Z<p>GD: i18n sync'ing</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Internet y correo electrónico (Español)]]<br />
[[Category:Utilidades (Español)]]<br />
[[Category:CÓMOs (Español)]]<br />
[[Category:Audio/Video (Español)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|RTorrent}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|RTorrent - cliente de bittorrent en línea de órdenes (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|RTorrent (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
= RTorrent =<br />
<br />
RTorrent es un cliente de bittorrent muy sencillo, elegante y ultraligero. Está escrito en C++ y utiliza ncurses, está basado completamente por tanto en texto y corre enteramente en consola. RTorrent es ideal para sistemas poco potentes y con el añadido de GNU Screen y openssh es adecuado para utilizar como cliene de bittorrnt remoto. <br />
<br />
== Instalación ==<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S rtorrent<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== Configuración ==<br />
<br />
Antes de ejecutar RTorrent, el primer paso debe ser copiar el archivo de configuración por defecto que está disponible en la [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/browser/trunk/rtorrent/doc/rtorrent.rc?rev=1027&format=raw página del proyecto] RTorrent y grabarlo el archivo como .rtorrent.rc en su directorio de usuario. <br />
<br />
Una vez que el archivo ha sido grabado, ábralo con editor de texto preferido y haga los cambios que sean necesarios. Simplemente tendrá que descomentar las opciones que desee hbilitar o utiizar. Para conseguir información más detallada de las opciones disponibles, visite [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentCommonTasks RTorrent Common Tasks]<br />
<br />
=== Configuración recomendada ===<br />
<br />
Los valores que se presentan a continuación son completamente subjetivos y dependientes de su propio sistema. Para descubrir la configuración óptima para uso propio, visite el siguiente sitio web y siga las instrucciones: [http://torrentfreak.com/optimize-your-BitTorrent-download-speed Optimize Your BitTorrent Download Speed]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Máximo y mínimo númreo de pares por torrent.<br />
#min_peers = 40<br />
max_peers = 52<br />
<br />
# Lo mismo de antes pero para las semillas ya completadas ("seeds") (-1 = tantos como los que lo estén bajando)<br />
#min_peers_seed = 10<br />
max_peers_seed = 52<br />
<br />
# Máximo número de subidas simultáneas por torrent.<br />
max_uploads = 8<br />
<br />
# Ratio global de subida y bajada en KiB. "0" para si límite.<br />
download_rate = 200<br />
upload_rate = 28<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
La siguiente opción determinará donde se grabarán sus torrents. Cambie el directorio por defecto al que usted quiera utilizar. Asegúrese de introducir la ruta absoluta; hay un extraño error en RTorrent que hace que ''a veces'' no respete las rutas relativas (esto es, ~/torrents):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Directorio por defecto para grabar los torrents bajados.<br />
directory = /home/[user]/torrents/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Esta opción permitirá a RTorrent garbar e l progreso de sus torrents. Asegúrese de crear un directorio llamado .session (simplemente ejecute como un usuario normal:''mkdir ~/.session''):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Directorio de sesión por defecto. Asegúrese de no ejecutar varias instancias<br />
# de rtorrent que usen el mismo directorio de sesión. ¿Usando tal vez una ruta<br />
# relativa?<br />
session = /home/[user]/.session/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
La siguiente opción hará que RTorrent "vigile" un directorio determinado por nuevos archivos .torrent. Utilizando su navegador, cuando encuentre un archivo torrent que quiera bajar, sólo tendrá que grabar el archivo en este directorio y RTorrent arrancará automáticamente el torrent. Asegúrese de crear el directorio que será puesto en vigilancia (simplemente ejecute como un usuario normal:''mkdir ~/watch''): <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Vigilar un directorio en busca de nuevos torrents, y parar aquellos que hayan sido <br />
# borrados.<br />
#schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=./watch/*.torrent<br />
#schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=/home/[user]/watch/*.torrent<br />
schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = tied_directory,5,5,start_tied=<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
La siguiente opción hará que RTorrent deje de bajar cuando sea bajo el espacio en disco. Esto es particularmente útil con [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbox Seedbox] allí donde el espacio de disco sea muy limitad. Cambie el valor a su gusto: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Cierre torrents cuando el espacio de disco sea bajo.<br />
schedule = low_diskspace,5,60,close_low_diskspace=100M<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Esta opción a continuación establecerá qué puerto será usado para la escucha. Se recomienda utilizar un puerto por encima de 49152. RTorrent permite el uso de un único puerto en vez de un rango de elos; se recomienda utilizar un único puerto en vez de un rango real.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Rango de puertos par usar en la escucha.<br />
port_range = 49164-49164<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
La siguiente opción permite la comprobación del "hash" cuando se completa un torrent o cuando se rearranca RTorrent. Esto asegurará que no haya errores en sus archivos. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Comprobación de "hash" para los torrents completados. Podría ser útil mientras no se <br />
# arregle el error que causa que la falta de espacio de disco no sea avisada convenientemente.<br />
check_hash = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
La siguiente opción permite la habilitación del cifrado. Esto es muy importante habilitar esto, si no ya por usted, por aquellos otros en la marea del torrent, que pudieran necesitar la ofuscación del uso del ancho de banda a su ISP. No le hace daño habilitarlo aunque usted no necesite tal protección. Más información: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption Bittorrent Protocol Encryption]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Opciones de cifrado, no establezca ninguna (situación por defecto) o establezca una combinación de las siguientes::<br />
# allow_incoming, try_outgoing, require, require_RC4, enable_retry, prefer_plaintext<br />
#<br />
# El valor del ejemplo permite conexiones cifradas entrantes, arranca conexiones de salida<br />
# no cifradas pero las reintenta con cifrado si fallan, prefiriendo<br />
# texto plano a cifrado RC4 después del apretón de manos cifrado ("encrypted handshake")<br />
#<br />
# encryption = allow_incoming,enable_retry,prefer_plaintext<br />
encryption = allow_incoming,try_outgoing,enable_retry<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Lo siguiente es para utilizar DHT. Si usa trackers públicos, querrá habilitar DHT par adquirir más pares. Si únicamente utiliza trackers privados, '''no habilite DHT''' ya que esto reducirá sus velocidades y puede poner en riesgo su privacidad. Algunos trackers incluso le advertirán si usa DHT. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Habilitar la posibilidad de DHT para torrents sin tracker o cuando todos los trackers están caidos.<br />
# Puede ser configurado como "disable" (deshabilitación completa de DHT), "off" (no arrancar DHT),<br />
# "auto" (arrancar y parar DHT según se necesite), o "on" (arrancar DHT inmediatamente).<br />
# El valor por defecto es "off". Para que funcione DHT, hay que definir un directorio de sesión.<br />
# <br />
# dht = auto<br />
<br />
# Puerto UDP para ser tilizado por DHT. <br />
# <br />
# dht_port = 6881<br />
<br />
# Permitir intercambio entre pares (para torrents no marcados como privados)<br />
#<br />
# peer_exchange = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Asegúrese de acomodar los puertos apropiados con su router si utiliza uno. Se puede encontrar una guía decente por fabricante/modelo del router [http://portforward.com/english/routers/port_forwarding/routerindex.htm aquí].<br />
<br />
== Controles ==<br />
<br />
RTorrent recibe instrucciones exclusivamente por mdio del teclado. Hay disponible una completa guía en el sitio principal [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentUserGuide RTorrent User Guide]<br />
<br />
Esto es lo básico para comenzar:<br />
<br />
*Control-q : cierra RTorrent al pulsarlo dos veces.<br />
*Left arrow : vuelve a la pantalla anterior.<br />
*Right arrow : va a la siguiente pantalla.<br />
*a|s|d : incrementa la velocidad de subida global unos 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*A|S|D : incrementa la velocidad de bajada global unos 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*z|x|c : decrementa la velocidad de subida global unos 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Z|X|C : decrementa la velocidad de bajada global unos 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Control-S : arranca la bajada de un torrent<br />
*Control-D : detiene y continua la bajada activa<br />
*+ or - : cambia la prioridad de bajada del torrent seleccionado.<br />
*Backspace : añade el archivo .torrent especificado. Después de presionar este botón escriba la ruta completa o el URL del archivo .torrent file. Puede utilizar la tecla del tabulador u otros trucos como en bash.<br />
<br />
== Usar RTorrent con Screen ==<br />
<br />
Screen es un programa que permite pasar a segundo plano las aplicaciones en línea de comandos sin necesidad du utilizar X. <br />
<br />
Para instalarlo:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S screen<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
y copie entonces, como un usuario normal, screenrc a su directorio personal:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cp /etc/screenrc ~/.screenrc<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Para hacer que RTorrent arranque siempre con screen, añada lo siguiente a su archivo .screenrc:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Para arrancar screen + RTorrent, simplemente tiene que ejecutar ''screen'' desde un terminal. Control-D-A quitará screen y ejecutando ''screen -raAd'' abrirá screen de nuevo. <br />
<br />
== Consejos adicionales ==<br />
<br />
*Para usar RTorrent con un tracker qur utiliza https, haga lo siguiente como root:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cd /etc/ssl/certs<br />
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer<br />
mv Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.pem<br />
c_rehash<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Y de ahora en adelante ejecute RTorrent con:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Asegúrese de cambiar .screenrc para que refleje este cambio si usa screen:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
*Para crear archivos .torrent, yo recomiendo [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=10635&O=0&L=0&C=0&K=mktorrent&SB=n&SO=a&PP=25&do_MyPackages=0&do_Orphans=0&SeB=nd mktorrent] para interfaz de línea de órdenes o [http://benclarke.ca/rubytorrent/ RubyTorrent] para interfaz gráfica de usuario. <br />
<br />
<br />
== Conclusión ==<br />
<br />
Rtorrent es un excelente cliente de bittorrent. Su rendimiento estelar, sus bajos requerimientos y excelente configurabilidad lo destaca frente a la competencia.<br />
<br />
== Vea también ==<br />
<br />
[[Screen Tips|Screen Tips]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=RTorrent&diff=74153RTorrent2009-08-18T22:41:36Z<p>GD: i18n sync'ing</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Internet and Email (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Utilities (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|RTorrent}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|RTorrent - cliente de bittorrent en línea de órdenes (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|RTorrent (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
[http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/ rTorrent] is a very simple, elegant and ultra-light bittorent client. It is written in C++ and uses ncurses, so it is completely text based and runs entirely in a console. rTorrent is ideal for low-end systems and with the addition of GNU Screen and openssh it is convenient as a remote bittorrent client. <br />
<br />
== Installing ==<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S rtorrent<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== Configuring ==<br />
<br />
Before running rTorrent, the first step is to copy the default configuration file which is available at the rTorrent [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/browser/trunk/rtorrent/doc/rtorrent.rc?format=raw project page] and save the file as .rtorrent.rc into your home directory. <br />
<br />
Once the file has been saved, open it with your preferred text editor and make any necessary changes. Simply uncomment the options you wish to enable/utilize. For more detailed information on the options available, visit [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentCommonTasks rTorrent Common Tasks]<br />
<br />
=== Recommended Configuration ===<br />
<br />
These values in the following are subjective and dependent upon your own system and Internet connection speed. To find the optimal settings for you to use, visit the following website and follow the instructions: [http://torrentfreak.com/optimize-your-BitTorrent-download-speed Optimize Your BitTorrent Download Speed]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Maximum and minimum number of peers to connect to per torrent.<br />
#min_peers = 40<br />
max_peers = 52<br />
<br />
# Same as above but for seeding completed torrents (-1 = same as downloading)<br />
#min_peers_seed = 10<br />
max_peers_seed = 52<br />
<br />
# Maximum number of simultanious uploads per torrent.<br />
max_uploads = 8<br />
<br />
# Global upload and download rate in KiB. "0" for unlimited.<br />
download_rate = 200<br />
upload_rate = 28<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option below will determine where your torrents data will be saved. Change the default save directory to whatever you wish to use. Be sure to enter the absolute path; there is an odd bug with rTorrent ''sometimes'' does not respect relative paths (i.e. ~/torrents):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default directory to save the downloaded torrents.<br />
directory = /home/[user]/torrents/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will allow rTorrent to save the progess of your torrents. Be sure to create a directory called .session (simply run as normal user:''mkdir ~/.session''):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default session directory. Make sure you don't run multiple instance<br />
# of rtorrent using the same session directory. Perhaps using a<br />
# relative path?<br />
session = /home/[user]/.session/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option will have rTorrent "watch" a particular directory for new .torrent files. Using your browser, when you find a .torrent file you would like to download, just save the file into this directory and rTorrent will automatically start the torrent. Be sure to create the directory that will be watched (simply run as normal user:''mkdir ~/watch''): <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Watch a directory for new torrents, and stop those that have been<br />
# deleted.<br />
#schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=./watch/*.torrent<br />
#schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=/home/[user]/watch/*.torrent<br />
schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = tied_directory,5,5,start_tied=<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option below will stop rTorrent from downloading any further when disk space is low. This is particuarly useful with a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbox Seedbox] where disk space is quite limited. Change the value as you like: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Close torrents when diskspace is low.<br />
schedule = low_diskspace,5,60,close_low_diskspace=100M<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will set what port to use for listening. It is recommended to use a port that is higher than 49152. rTorrent allows the use of a single port rather than a range; a single port rather than an actual range is recommended.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Port range to use for listening.<br />
port_range = 49164-49164<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allow for a hash check whenever a torrent is complete or whenever rTorrent is restarted. This will make sure there are no errors with your acquired/seeding files. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Check hash for finished torrents. Might be usefull until the bug is<br />
# fixed that causes lack of diskspace not to be properly reported.<br />
check_hash = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allows for the enabling of encryption. This is very important to enable, if not for yourself, but for others in the torrent swarm; people might need to obscure their bandwidth usage from their ISP. Does not hurt you to enable even if you do not need such protection. More information: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption Bittorrent Protocol Encryption]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Encryption options, set to none (default) or any combination of the following:<br />
# allow_incoming, try_outgoing, require, require_RC4, enable_retry, prefer_plaintext<br />
#<br />
# The example value allows incoming encrypted connections, starts unencrypted<br />
# outgoing connections but retries with encryption if they fail, preferring<br />
# plaintext to RC4 encryption after the encrypted handshake<br />
#<br />
# encryption = allow_incoming,enable_retry,prefer_plaintext<br />
encryption = allow_incoming,try_outgoing,enable_retry<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following is for DHT support. If you use public trackers, you'll want to enable DHT to acquire more peers. If you use only private trackers, '''do not enable DHT''' as this will reduce your speeds and can create a privacy risk. Some private trackers will even warn you if you use DHT. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Enable DHT support for trackerless torrents or when all trackers are down.<br />
# May be set to "disable" (completely disable DHT), "off" (do not start DHT),<br />
# "auto" (start and stop DHT as needed), or "on" (start DHT immediately).<br />
# The default is "off". For DHT to work, a session directory must be defined.<br />
# <br />
# dht = auto<br />
<br />
# UDP port to use for DHT. <br />
# <br />
# dht_port = 6881<br />
<br />
# Enable peer exchange (for torrents not marked private)<br />
#<br />
# peer_exchange = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to forward the proper port(s) with your router if you use one. A decent guide per router make/model can be found [http://portforward.com/english/routers/port_forwarding/routerindex.htm here].<br />
<br />
== Controls ==<br />
<br />
rTorrent relies exclusively on keyboard shortcuts for user input.<br />
A complete guide is available on the main site: [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentUserGuide rTorrent User Guide]<br />
<br />
Here are the basics for quick reference:<br />
<br />
*Control-q : closes rTorrent, done twice makes the program shutdown without waiting to send stopping information to the trackers.<br />
*Left arrow : returns to the previous screen.<br />
*Right arrow : goes to the next screen.<br />
*a|s|d : increase global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*A|S|D : increase global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*z|x|c : decrease global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Z|X|C : decrease global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Control-S : starts download<br />
*Control-D : stops an active download, removes a stopped download.<br />
*+ or - : changes the download priority of selected torrent.<br />
*Backspace : adds the specified .torrent. After pressing this button write full path or URL of .torrent file. You can use Tab and other tricks from bash.<br />
<br />
== Use rTorrent with Screen ==<br />
<br />
Screen is a program that will allow CLI applications to be run in the background and without X running. <br />
<br />
To install:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S screen<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
and then copy screenrc to your home directory as normal user:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cp /etc/screenrc ~/.screenrc<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
To have rTorrent always start with screen, add the following to your .screenrc file:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
To start screen + rTorrent, simply run ''screen'' from a terminal. Control-a followed by d will detach screen, and running ''screen -r'' will open screen again.<br />
<br />
===On a remote machine===<br />
Most setups of rTorrent on a remote machine involve using Screen. Supposing you have a detached Screen session with rtorrent on the remote machine (and the option to [[SSH]] into it), you can gain access to it using:<br />
<pre>/usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
If you want immediate access on startup, you will need to [http://bloggerdigest.blogspot.com/2006/11/ssh-auto-login-or-passwordless-login.html upload a key] from your machine to remote host (so you will not be prompted for a password) and setup a terminal to run the command above. An inittab example using [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=19631 rungetty] on virtual console 4:<br />
<pre>sam:45:respawn:/sbin/rungetty tty4 -u <local user> -- /usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <remote user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
<br />
===rtorrent Daemon with screen===<br />
<br />
I use this on my home server to run rtorrent w/ screen as a daemon. With the username ''rtorrent''<br />
Just create an ''rtorrent'' file in your ''/etc/rc.d/'' and add the following code.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
<br />
. /etc/rc.conf<br />
. /etc/rc.d/functions<br />
<br />
case "$1" in<br />
start)<br />
stat_busy "Starting rtorrent"<br />
su rtorrent -c 'screen -d -m rtorrent' &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
add_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
stop)<br />
stat_busy "Stopping rtorrent"<br />
killall -w -s 2 /usr/bin/rtorrent &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
rm_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
restart)<br />
$0 stop<br />
sleep 1<br />
$0 start<br />
;;<br />
*)<br />
echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"<br />
esac<br />
exit 0<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
On a remote computer I use the following script to connect to the server's daemon process:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
ssh -t rtorrent@192.168.1.10 'screen -r'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== Additional Tips ==<br />
<br />
*To use rTorrent with a tracker that uses https, do the following as root:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cd /etc/ssl/certs<br />
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer<br />
mv Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.pem<br />
c_rehash<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
And from now on run rTorrent with:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to change .screenrc to reflect this change if you use screen:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
*To create .torrent files, I recommend [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=10635&O=0&L=0&C=0&K=mktorrent&SB=n&SO=a&PP=25&do_MyPackages=0&do_Orphans=0&SeB=nd mktorrent] for commandline interface or [http://benclarke.ca/rubytorrent/ RubyTorrent] for GUI. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Send Text Message Upon Torrent Completion Using GMail===<br />
<br />
Cell phone providers allow you to "email" your phone:<br />
<pre><br />
Verizon: 10digitphonenumber@vtext.com<br />
Former AT&T customers: 10digitphonenumber@mmode.com<br />
Sprint: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.sprintpcs.com<br />
T-Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@tmomail.net<br />
Nextel: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.nextel.com<br />
Cingular: 10digitphonenumber@cingularme.com<br />
Virgin Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@vmobl.com<br />
Alltel: 10digitphonenumber@alltelmessage.com OR<br />
10digitphonenumber@message.alltel.com<br />
CellularOne: 10digitphonenumber@mobile.celloneusa.com<br />
Omnipoint: 10digitphonenumber@omnipointpcs.com<br />
Qwest: 10digitphonenumber@qwestmp.com<br />
</pre><br />
If you have Verizon, your cell phone's "email" is 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
<br />
*Install '''Heirloom's mailx''' program:<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy mailx-heirloom<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*Clear the /etc/nail.rc file and enter:<br />
<pre><br />
set smtp=smtp.gmail.com:587<br />
set smtp-use-starttls<br />
set ssl-verify=ignore<br />
set ssl-auth=login<br />
set smtp-auth-user=USERNAME@gmail.com<br />
set smtp-auth-password=PASSWORD<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Now to send the text, we must pipe a message to the mailx program.<br />
*Make a bash script (/path/to/mail.sh):<br />
<pre><br />
echo "Torrent Done" | mailx 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*And finally, add the important ~/.rtorrent.rc line:<br />
<pre><br />
on_finished = move_complete,"execute=/path/to/mail.sh"<br />
</pre><br />
'''Note:''' The "move complete" won't affect anything. I couldn't get it to work without it.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
<br />
[[Screen Tips|Screen Tips]]<br />
<br />
A Detailed Intro to Bittorrent including definition of terms [http://www.dessent.net/btfaq/#terms terms]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=RTorrent_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=74151RTorrent (简体中文)2009-08-18T22:35:33Z<p>GD: moved RTorrent(简体中文) to RTorrent (简体中文):&#32;格式化标题</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Internet and Email (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Utilities (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|RTorrent - commandline bittorrent client}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|RTorrent(简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
= 介绍 =<br />
<br />
[http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/ rTorrent] 是一个非常简洁、性能高、占用资源低的BT客户端. 它是在C++中使用ncurses编写的, 因此它完全基于文本并在终端中运行. rTorrent is ideal for low-end systems and with the addition of GNU Screen and openssh it is convenient as a remote bittorrent client. <br />
<br />
== 安装 ==<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S rtorrent<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== 配置 ==<br />
<br />
在运行rTorrent前,首先要创建默认配置文件,该文件可以从rTorrent [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/browser/trunk/rtorrent/doc/rtorrent.rc?format=raw 项目主页]上找到,并将其另存为.rtorrent.rc放到你的主目录中. <br />
<br />
保存后, 使用你喜爱的文本编辑器打开它并进行有必要的改动. Simply uncomment the options you wish to enable/utilize. 如需更详细的资料,请访问[http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentCommonTasks rTorrent Common Tasks]<br />
<br />
=== 推荐配置 ===<br />
<br />
下面这些配置的值只是个人观点,这主要取决于你的系统和网络速度. 要寻找最佳配置供你使用请访问下面网站并按照指示操作: [http://torrentfreak.com/optimize-your-BitTorrent-download-speed Optimize Your BitTorrent Download Speed]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Maximum and minimum number of peers to connect to per torrent.<br />
#min_peers = 40<br />
max_peers = 52<br />
<br />
# Same as above but for seeding completed torrents (-1 = same as downloading)<br />
#min_peers_seed = 10<br />
max_peers_seed = 52<br />
<br />
# Maximum number of simultanious uploads per torrent.<br />
max_uploads = 8<br />
<br />
# Global upload and download rate in KiB. "0" for unlimited.<br />
download_rate = 200<br />
upload_rate = 28<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
下面的选项将决定你的torrent数据被保存在哪. 如果你想改变默认保存目录,请务必输入正确的绝对路径; rtorrent有一个奇怪的Bug,有时不考虑相对路径(i.e. ~/torrents):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default directory to save the downloaded torrents.<br />
directory = /home/[user]/torrents/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will allow rTorrent to save the progess of your torrents. 一定要创建一个目录来访问.session (普通用户运行:''mkdir ~/.session''):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default session directory. Make sure you don't run multiple instance<br />
# of rtorrent using the same session directory. Perhaps using a<br />
# relative path?<br />
session = /home/[user]/.session/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option will have rTorrent "watch" a particular directory for new .torrent files. Using your browser, when you find a .torrent file you would like to download, just save the file into this directory and rTorrent will automatically start the torrent. Be sure to create the directory that will be watched (simply run as normal user:''mkdir ~/watch''): <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Watch a directory for new torrents, and stop those that have been<br />
# deleted.<br />
#schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=./watch/*.torrent<br />
#schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=/home/[user]/watch/*.torrent<br />
schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = tied_directory,5,5,start_tied=<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option below will stop rTorrent from downloading any further when disk space is low. This is particuarly useful with a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbox Seedbox] where disk space is quite limited. Change the value as you like: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Close torrents when diskspace is low.<br />
schedule = low_diskspace,5,60,close_low_diskspace=100M<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will set what port to use for listening. It is recommended to use a port that is higher than 49152. rTorrent allows the use of a single port rather than a range; a single port rather than an actual range is recommended.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Port range to use for listening.<br />
port_range = 49164-49164<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allow for a hash check whenever a torrent is complete or whenever rTorrent is restarted. This will make sure there are no errors with your acquired/seeding files. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Check hash for finished torrents. Might be usefull until the bug is<br />
# fixed that causes lack of diskspace not to be properly reported.<br />
check_hash = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allows for the enabling of encryption. This is very important to enable, if not for yourself, but for others in the torrent swarm; people might need to obscure their bandwidth usage from their ISP. Does not hurt you to enable even if you do not need such protection. More information: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption Bittorrent Protocol Encryption]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Encryption options, set to none (default) or any combination of the following:<br />
# allow_incoming, try_outgoing, require, require_RC4, enable_retry, prefer_plaintext<br />
#<br />
# The example value allows incoming encrypted connections, starts unencrypted<br />
# outgoing connections but retries with encryption if they fail, preferring<br />
# plaintext to RC4 encryption after the encrypted handshake<br />
#<br />
# encryption = allow_incoming,enable_retry,prefer_plaintext<br />
encryption = allow_incoming,try_outgoing,enable_retry<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following is for DHT support. If you use public trackers, you'll want to enable DHT to acquire more peers. If you use only private trackers, '''do not enable DHT''' as this will reduce your speeds and can create a privacy risk. Some private trackers will even warn you if you use DHT. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Enable DHT support for trackerless torrents or when all trackers are down.<br />
# May be set to "disable" (completely disable DHT), "off" (do not start DHT),<br />
# "auto" (start and stop DHT as needed), or "on" (start DHT immediately).<br />
# The default is "off". For DHT to work, a session directory must be defined.<br />
# <br />
# dht = auto<br />
<br />
# UDP port to use for DHT. <br />
# <br />
# dht_port = 6881<br />
<br />
# Enable peer exchange (for torrents not marked private)<br />
#<br />
# peer_exchange = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to forward the proper port(s) with your router if you use one. A decent guide per router make/model can be found [http://portforward.com/english/routers/port_forwarding/routerindex.htm here].<br />
<br />
== 管理 ==<br />
<br />
rTorrent依靠用户输入的专有的快捷键.<br />
可在官方网站上查看完整的: [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentUserGuide rTorrent用户指南]<br />
<br />
这里是一些最基础的快速参考:<br />
<br />
*Control-q : closes rTorrent, done twice makes the program shutdown without waiting to send stopping information to the trackers.<br />
*Left arrow : returns to the previous screen.<br />
*Right arrow : goes to the next screen.<br />
*a|s|d : increase global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*A|S|D : increase global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*z|x|c : decrease global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Z|X|C : decrease global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Control-S : starts download<br />
*Control-D : stops an active download, removes a stopped download.<br />
*+ or - : changes the download priority of selected torrent.<br />
*Backspace : adds the specified .torrent. After pressing this button write full path or URL of .torrent file. You can use Tab and other tricks from bash.<br />
<br />
== 通过Screen使用rTorrent ==<br />
<br />
Screen 是允许CLI应用程序在后台运行并支持X运行的一个程序. <br />
<br />
安装:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S screen<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
然后复制screenrc到你的用户主目录:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cp /etc/screenrc ~/.screenrc<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
要总是通过Screen来运行rTorrent,在.screenrc文件中添加以下内容:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
要运行screen和rTorrent, 只要简单的在终端运行''screen''就可以了. Control-a followed by d will detach screen, and running ''screen -r'' will open screen again.<br />
<br />
===On a remote machine===<br />
Most setups of rTorrent on a remote machine involve using Screen. Supposing you have a detached Screen session with rtorrent on the remote machine (and the option to [[SSH]] into it), you can gain access to it using:<br />
<pre>/usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
If you want immediate access on startup, you will need to [http://bloggerdigest.blogspot.com/2006/11/ssh-auto-login-or-passwordless-login.html upload a key] from your machine to remote host (so you will not be prompted for a password) and setup a terminal to run the command above. An inittab example using [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=19631 rungetty] on virtual console 4:<br />
<pre>sam:45:respawn:/sbin/rungetty tty4 -u <local user> -- /usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <remote user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
<br />
===Screen后台运行rTorrent===<br />
<br />
I use this on my home server to run rtorrent w/ screen as a daemon. With the username ''rtorrent''<br />
Just create an ''rtorrent'' file in your ''/etc/rc.d/'' and add the following code.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
<br />
. /etc/rc.conf<br />
. /etc/rc.d/functions<br />
<br />
case "$1" in<br />
start)<br />
stat_busy "Starting rtorrent"<br />
su rtorrent -c 'screen -d -m rtorrent' &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
add_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
stop)<br />
stat_busy "Stopping rtorrent"<br />
killall -w -s 2 /usr/bin/rtorrent &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
rm_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
restart)<br />
$0 stop<br />
sleep 1<br />
$0 start<br />
;;<br />
*)<br />
echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"<br />
esac<br />
exit 0<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
On a remote computer I use the following script to connect to the server's daemon process:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
ssh -t rtorrent@192.168.1.10 'screen -r'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== 其他提示 ==<br />
<br />
*To use rTorrent with a tracker that uses https, do the following as root:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cd /etc/ssl/certs<br />
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer<br />
mv Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.pem<br />
c_rehash<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
And from now on run rTorrent with:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to change .screenrc to reflect this change if you use screen:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
*To create .torrent files, I recommend [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=10635&O=0&L=0&C=0&K=mktorrent&SB=n&SO=a&PP=25&do_MyPackages=0&do_Orphans=0&SeB=nd mktorrent] for commandline interface or [http://benclarke.ca/rubytorrent/ RubyTorrent] for GUI. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Send Text Message Upon Torrent Completion Using GMail===<br />
<br />
Cell phone providers allow you to "email" your phone:<br />
<pre><br />
Verizon: 10digitphonenumber@vtext.com<br />
Former AT&T customers: 10digitphonenumber@mmode.com<br />
Sprint: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.sprintpcs.com<br />
T-Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@tmomail.net<br />
Nextel: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.nextel.com<br />
Cingular: 10digitphonenumber@cingularme.com<br />
Virgin Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@vmobl.com<br />
Alltel: 10digitphonenumber@alltelmessage.com OR<br />
10digitphonenumber@message.alltel.com<br />
CellularOne: 10digitphonenumber@mobile.celloneusa.com<br />
Omnipoint: 10digitphonenumber@omnipointpcs.com<br />
Qwest: 10digitphonenumber@qwestmp.com<br />
</pre><br />
If you have Verizon, your cell phone's "email" is 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
<br />
*Install '''Heirloom's mailx''' program:<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy mailx-heirloom<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*Clear the /etc/nail.rc file and enter:<br />
<pre><br />
set smtp=smtp.gmail.com:587<br />
set smtp-use-starttls<br />
set ssl-verify=ignore<br />
set ssl-auth=login<br />
set smtp-auth-user=USERNAME@gmail.com<br />
set smtp-auth-password=PASSWORD<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Now to send the text, we must pipe a message to the mailx program.<br />
*Make a bash script (/path/to/mail.sh):<br />
<pre><br />
echo "Torrent Done" | mailx 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*And finally, add the important ~/.rtorrent.rc line:<br />
<pre><br />
on_finished = move_complete,"execute=/path/to/mail.sh"<br />
</pre><br />
'''Note:''' The "move complete" won't affect anything. I couldn't get it to work without it.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
<br />
[[Screen Tips|Screen Tips]]<br />
<br />
A Detailed Intro to Bittorrent including definition of terms [http://www.dessent.net/btfaq/#terms terms]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Dvorak&diff=73280Dvorak2009-08-04T09:56:53Z<p>GD: added typing tutor DvorakNG</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Input devices (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
This is a quick blurb for setting or converting your keymaps to dvorak instead of that horrid qwerty.<br />
<br />
To convert to dvorak on the console, type<br />
loadkeys dvorak/dvorak<br />
<br />
To make this change permanent, set<br />
KEYMAP=dvorak/dvorak<br />
in /etc/rc.conf.<br />
<br />
To convert to dvorak in X, type<br />
setxkbmap dvorak<br />
<br />
To make this change permanent, set<br />
Option "XkbLayout" "dvorak"<br />
in the keyboard "InputDevice" section of /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/xorg.conf.<br />
<br />
If you are using the input hotplugging (evdev) you'll need to make the following changes:<br />
cp /usr/share/hal/fdi/policy/10osvendor/10-keymap.fdi /etc/hal/fdi/policy/<br />
<br />
Edit the resulting file and update the input.xkb.variant entry to look like:<br />
<merge key="input.xkb.variant" type="string">dvorak</merge><br />
<br />
Lastly you'll need to set the keyboard model to evdev<br />
setxkbmap -model evdev<br />
<br />
Swedish people interested in trying dvorak can find the swedish "version", called svorak, at www.aoeu.info!<br />
<br />
To convert to svorak in X permanently, set<br />
<merge key="input.xkb.layout" type="string">se</merge><br />
<merge key="input.xkb.variant" type="string">dvorak</merge><br />
in the keyboard "InputDevice" section of /etc/X11/XF86Config or /etc/X11/xorg.conf. To convert to svorak in X you do not need to download any additional files from www.aoeu.info.<br />
<br />
Typing tutor: [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=12590 DvorakNG]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=RTorrent&diff=73166RTorrent2009-08-02T17:20:29Z<p>GD: /* Controls */ fixed outgoing link</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Internet and Email (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Utilities (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|RTorrent - cliente de bittorrent en línea de órdenes}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
[http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/ rTorrent] is a very simple, elegant and ultra-light bittorent client. It is written in C++ and uses ncurses, so it is completely text based and runs entirely in a console. rTorrent is ideal for low-end systems and with the addition of GNU Screen and openssh it is convenient as a remote bittorrent client. <br />
<br />
== Installing ==<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S rtorrent<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== Configuring ==<br />
<br />
Before running rTorrent, the first step is to copy the default configuration file which is available at the rTorrent [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/browser/trunk/rtorrent/doc/rtorrent.rc?format=raw project page] and save the file as .rtorrent.rc into your home directory. <br />
<br />
Once the file has been saved, open it with your preferred text editor and make any necessary changes. Simply uncomment the options you wish to enable/utilize. For more detailed information on the options available, visit [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentCommonTasks rTorrent Common Tasks]<br />
<br />
=== Recommended Configuration ===<br />
<br />
These values in the following are subjective and dependent upon your own system and Internet connection speed. To find the optimal settings for you to use, visit the following website and follow the instructions: [http://torrentfreak.com/optimize-your-BitTorrent-download-speed Optimize Your BitTorrent Download Speed]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Maximum and minimum number of peers to connect to per torrent.<br />
#min_peers = 40<br />
max_peers = 52<br />
<br />
# Same as above but for seeding completed torrents (-1 = same as downloading)<br />
#min_peers_seed = 10<br />
max_peers_seed = 52<br />
<br />
# Maximum number of simultanious uploads per torrent.<br />
max_uploads = 8<br />
<br />
# Global upload and download rate in KiB. "0" for unlimited.<br />
download_rate = 200<br />
upload_rate = 28<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option below will determine where your torrents data will be saved. Change the default save directory to whatever you wish to use. Be sure to enter the absolute path; there is an odd bug with rTorrent ''sometimes'' does not respect relative paths (i.e. ~/torrents):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default directory to save the downloaded torrents.<br />
directory = /home/[user]/torrents/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will allow rTorrent to save the progess of your torrents. Be sure to create a directory called .session (simply run as normal user:''mkdir ~/.session''):<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Default session directory. Make sure you don't run multiple instance<br />
# of rtorrent using the same session directory. Perhaps using a<br />
# relative path?<br />
session = /home/[user]/.session/<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option will have rTorrent "watch" a particular directory for new .torrent files. Using your browser, when you find a .torrent file you would like to download, just save the file into this directory and rTorrent will automatically start the torrent. Be sure to create the directory that will be watched (simply run as normal user:''mkdir ~/watch''): <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Watch a directory for new torrents, and stop those that have been<br />
# deleted.<br />
#schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=./watch/*.torrent<br />
#schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = watch_directory,5,5,load_start=/home/[user]/watch/*.torrent<br />
schedule = untied_directory,5,5,stop_untied=<br />
schedule = tied_directory,5,5,start_tied=<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option below will stop rTorrent from downloading any further when disk space is low. This is particuarly useful with a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedbox Seedbox] where disk space is quite limited. Change the value as you like: <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Close torrents when diskspace is low.<br />
schedule = low_diskspace,5,60,close_low_diskspace=100M<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
This option will set what port to use for listening. It is recommended to use a port that is higher than 49152. rTorrent allows the use of a single port rather than a range; a single port rather than an actual range is recommended.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Port range to use for listening.<br />
port_range = 49164-49164<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allow for a hash check whenever a torrent is complete or whenever rTorrent is restarted. This will make sure there are no errors with your acquired/seeding files. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Check hash for finished torrents. Might be usefull until the bug is<br />
# fixed that causes lack of diskspace not to be properly reported.<br />
check_hash = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following option allows for the enabling of encryption. This is very important to enable, if not for yourself, but for others in the torrent swarm; people might need to obscure their bandwidth usage from their ISP. Does not hurt you to enable even if you do not need such protection. More information: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_protocol_encryption Bittorrent Protocol Encryption]<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Encryption options, set to none (default) or any combination of the following:<br />
# allow_incoming, try_outgoing, require, require_RC4, enable_retry, prefer_plaintext<br />
#<br />
# The example value allows incoming encrypted connections, starts unencrypted<br />
# outgoing connections but retries with encryption if they fail, preferring<br />
# plaintext to RC4 encryption after the encrypted handshake<br />
#<br />
# encryption = allow_incoming,enable_retry,prefer_plaintext<br />
encryption = allow_incoming,try_outgoing,enable_retry<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
The following is for DHT support. If you use public trackers, you'll want to enable DHT to acquire more peers. If you use only private trackers, '''do not enable DHT''' as this will reduce your speeds and can create a privacy risk. Some private trackers will even warn you if you use DHT. <br />
<br />
<pre><br />
# Enable DHT support for trackerless torrents or when all trackers are down.<br />
# May be set to "disable" (completely disable DHT), "off" (do not start DHT),<br />
# "auto" (start and stop DHT as needed), or "on" (start DHT immediately).<br />
# The default is "off". For DHT to work, a session directory must be defined.<br />
# <br />
# dht = auto<br />
<br />
# UDP port to use for DHT. <br />
# <br />
# dht_port = 6881<br />
<br />
# Enable peer exchange (for torrents not marked private)<br />
#<br />
# peer_exchange = yes<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to forward the proper port(s) with your router if you use one. A decent guide per router make/model can be found [http://portforward.com/english/routers/port_forwarding/routerindex.htm here].<br />
<br />
== Controls ==<br />
<br />
rTorrent relies exclusively on keyboard shortcuts for user input.<br />
A complete guide is available on the main site: [http://libtorrent.rakshasa.no/wiki/RTorrentUserGuide rTorrent User Guide]<br />
<br />
Here are the basics for quick reference:<br />
<br />
*Control-q : closes rTorrent, done twice makes the program shutdown without waiting to send stopping information to the trackers.<br />
*Left arrow : returns to the previous screen.<br />
*Right arrow : goes to the next screen.<br />
*a|s|d : increase global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*A|S|D : increase global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*z|x|c : decrease global upload throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Z|X|C : decrease global download throttle about 1|5|50 KB/s<br />
*Control-S : starts download<br />
*Control-D : stops an active download, removes a stopped download.<br />
*+ or - : changes the download priority of selected torrent.<br />
*Backspace : adds the specified .torrent. After pressing this button write full path or URL of .torrent file. You can use Tab and other tricks from bash.<br />
<br />
== Use rTorrent with Screen ==<br />
<br />
Screen is a program that will allow CLI applications to be run in the background and without X running. <br />
<br />
To install:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -S screen<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
and then copy screenrc to your home directory as normal user:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cp /etc/screenrc ~/.screenrc<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
To have rTorrent always start with screen, add the following to your .screenrc file:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent <br />
</pre><br />
<br />
To start screen + rTorrent, simply run ''screen'' from a terminal. Control-a followed by d will detach screen, and running ''screen -r'' will open screen again.<br />
<br />
===On a remote machine===<br />
Most setups of rTorrent on a remote machine involve using Screen. Supposing you have a detached Screen session with rtorrent on the remote machine (and the option to [[SSH]] into it), you can gain access to it using:<br />
<pre>/usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
If you want immediate access on startup, you will need to [http://bloggerdigest.blogspot.com/2006/11/ssh-auto-login-or-passwordless-login.html upload a key] from your machine to remote host (so you will not be prompted for a password) and setup a terminal to run the command above. An inittab example using [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=19631 rungetty] on virtual console 4:<br />
<pre>sam:45:respawn:/sbin/rungetty tty4 -u <local user> -- /usr/bin/ssh -t -p <ssh port on remote machine> <remote user>@<remote machine> screen -RD</pre><br />
<br />
===rtorrent Daemon with screen===<br />
<br />
I use this on my home server to run rtorrent w/ screen as a daemon. With the username ''rtorrent''<br />
Just create an ''rtorrent'' file in your ''/etc/rc.d/'' and add the following code.<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
<br />
. /etc/rc.conf<br />
. /etc/rc.d/functions<br />
<br />
case "$1" in<br />
start)<br />
stat_busy "Starting rtorrent"<br />
su rtorrent -c 'screen -d -m rtorrent' &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
add_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
stop)<br />
stat_busy "Stopping rtorrent"<br />
killall -w -s 2 /usr/bin/rtorrent &> /dev/null<br />
if [ $? -gt 0 ]; then<br />
stat_fail<br />
else<br />
rm_daemon rtorrent<br />
stat_done<br />
fi<br />
;;<br />
restart)<br />
$0 stop<br />
sleep 1<br />
$0 start<br />
;;<br />
*)<br />
echo "usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"<br />
esac<br />
exit 0<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
On a remote computer I use the following script to connect to the server's daemon process:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
ssh -t rtorrent@192.168.1.10 'screen -r'<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== Additional Tips ==<br />
<br />
*To use rTorrent with a tracker that uses https, do the following as root:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
cd /etc/ssl/certs<br />
wget --no-check-certificate https://www.geotrust.com/resources/root_certificates/certificates/Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer<br />
mv Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.cer Equifax_Secure_Global_eBusiness_CA-1.pem<br />
c_rehash<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
And from now on run rTorrent with:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Be sure to change .screenrc to reflect this change if you use screen:<br />
<br />
<pre><br />
screen -t rtorrent rtorrent -o http_capath=/etc/ssl/certs<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
<br />
*To create .torrent files, I recommend [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=10635&O=0&L=0&C=0&K=mktorrent&SB=n&SO=a&PP=25&do_MyPackages=0&do_Orphans=0&SeB=nd mktorrent] for commandline interface or [http://benclarke.ca/rubytorrent/ RubyTorrent] for GUI. <br />
<br />
<br />
===Send Text Message Upon Torrent Completion Using GMail===<br />
<br />
Cell phone providers allow you to "email" your phone:<br />
<pre><br />
Verizon: 10digitphonenumber@vtext.com<br />
Former AT&T customers: 10digitphonenumber@mmode.com<br />
Sprint: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.sprintpcs.com<br />
T-Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@tmomail.net<br />
Nextel: 10digitphonenumber@messaging.nextel.com<br />
Cingular: 10digitphonenumber@cingularme.com<br />
Virgin Mobile: 10digitphonenumber@vmobl.com<br />
Alltel: 10digitphonenumber@alltelmessage.com OR<br />
10digitphonenumber@message.alltel.com<br />
CellularOne: 10digitphonenumber@mobile.celloneusa.com<br />
Omnipoint: 10digitphonenumber@omnipointpcs.com<br />
Qwest: 10digitphonenumber@qwestmp.com<br />
</pre><br />
If you have Verizon, your cell phone's "email" is 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
<br />
*Install '''Heirloom's mailx''' program:<br />
<pre><br />
pacman -Sy mailx-heirloom<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*Clear the /etc/nail.rc file and enter:<br />
<pre><br />
set smtp=smtp.gmail.com:587<br />
set smtp-use-starttls<br />
set ssl-verify=ignore<br />
set ssl-auth=login<br />
set smtp-auth-user=USERNAME@gmail.com<br />
set smtp-auth-password=PASSWORD<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
Now to send the text, we must pipe a message to the mailx program.<br />
*Make a bash script (/path/to/mail.sh):<br />
<pre><br />
echo "Torrent Done" | mailx 5551234567@vtext.com<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
*And finally, add the important ~/.rtorrent.rc line:<br />
<pre><br />
on_finished = move_complete,"execute=/path/to/mail.sh"<br />
</pre><br />
'''Note:''' The "move complete" won't affect anything. I couldn't get it to work without it.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
<br />
[[Screen Tips|Screen Tips]]<br />
<br />
A Detailed Intro to Bittorrent including definition of terms [http://www.dessent.net/btfaq/#terms terms]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Talk:Dvorak&diff=73155Talk:Dvorak2009-08-02T10:28:55Z<p>GD: </p>
<hr />
<div>How do I turn it back into qwerty? (I presume substituting qwerty for dvorak, but I'd still like to know for sure)<br />
----<br />
You can:<br />
'''setxkbmap us''' # [[User:GD|GD]] 06:28, 2 August 2009 (EDT)</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Main_page_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=72975Main page (简体中文)2009-07-30T10:03:28Z<p>GD: /* Wiki新闻 */ Updated</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category: 简体中文|SY]]<br />
{{Navigate_i18n_mainpages}}<br />
==讨论问题==<br />
对wiki编辑的问题就到上面的 讨论 里面讨论把<br />
<br />
==安装指南==<br />
'''如果你是Arch的新手,也许[[Arch 新手安装指南 (简体中文)|新手指南]]会适合你,'''或者尝试一下'''面向高级GNU/Linux用户的[[Arch 官方安装指南 (简体中文)|官方安装指南]]。'''<br />
<br />
你或许还会对此感兴趣:[[安装完后的小技巧 (简体中文)|安装完后的小技巧]] :: [[网络配置 (简体中文)|网络配置]]<br />
<br />
== 帮助文档 ==<br />
这里是ArchWiki上一部分帮助文档。因为简体中文文档尚未完全整理归类,有需要的话请暂时先浏览归集了绝大部分文档的[[:Category:简体中文|简体中文分类]]。<br />
<br />
==== &nbsp;&nbsp;[[Table_of_Contents_(简体中文)|浏览内容标签]] ====<br />
<br />
==== &nbsp;&nbsp;[[:Category: 关于Arch|关于Arch]] ====<br />
: [[Arch_Linux_(简体中文) | Arch Linux是什么?]] :: [[Arch之道 (简体中文) | Arch之道]] :: [[Arch 与其他发行版的比较 (简体中文) | Arch 与其他发行版的比较]] :: [[FAQ_(简体中文) | FAQ]] :: [[官方软件仓库_(简体中文) | 官方软件仓库]] :: [[Arch AUR (简体中文) | Arch用户社区仓库(AUR)]] :: [[Arch镜像 (简体中文) | Arch更新源]]<br />
<br />
==== &nbsp;&nbsp;[[:Category: 系统管理|系统管理]] ====<br />
: [[Pacman (简体中文)|Pacman]] :: [[:Category: 软件包管理|软件包管理]] :: [[Xorg (简体中文)|Xorg设置]] :: [[:Category: 桌面环境|桌面环境]] :: [[设置ALSA (简体中文)|设置ALSA]]<br />
<br />
==== &nbsp;&nbsp;[[:Category: 桌面用户指南|桌面用户指南]] ====<br />
: [[:Category: Internet和Email|Internet和Email]] :: [[:Category: Office (简体中文)|Office]] :: [[:Category: 音频/视频|音频/视频]]<br />
<br />
==== &nbsp;&nbsp;[[:Category:系统恢复|系统恢复]] ====<br />
: [[重装GRUB (简体中文)|重装GRUB]] :: [[Kernel Panics (简体中文)|Kernel Panics]]<br />
<br />
==== &nbsp;&nbsp;[[:Category:Arch开发|Arch开发]] ====<br />
: [[ABS (简体中文)|ABS]] :: [[AUR用户指南 (简体中文)|AUR用户指南]] :: [[Arch打包标准 (简体中文)|Arch打包标准]] :: [[:Category:Live Arch系统|Live Arch系统]] :: [[:Category:EDA (简体中文)|电子设计自动化]]<br />
<br />
==== &nbsp;&nbsp;[[:Category:Arch64 (简体中文)|Arch64]] ====<br />
: [[Arch64问答 (简体中文)|Arch64问答]]<br />
<br />
== Wiki新闻 ==<br />
<br />
阅读[[Wiki News|Wiki新闻]]页面获取和Wiki有关的最新内幕。<br />
<br />
如果你有时间做些无论大小的编写工作,请看看[[Priority Todo]]和[[WikiTodo]]页面,了解有什么你可以帮得上忙的。我们也尤其欢迎大家重新分类中文页面。请和[[ContactList|管理员]]协调你的活动。<br />
<br />
其实以上内容根本没必要,觉得不爽直接开始编辑就行了:)<br />
<br />
== 额外的信息 ==<br />
如果想帮助编写wiki,请看[[文章命名规则 (简体中文)]],按照里面的统一格式说明,以方便大家阅读还有维护。<br />
<br />
== 其它语种 ==<br />
更习惯于阅读母语文章?请看以下语种分类:<br />
: [[:Category:简体中文|简体中文]] :: [[:Category:English|English]] :: [[:Category:Español|Español]] :: [[:Category:Česky|Česky]] :: [[:Category:Deutsch|Deutsch]] :: [[:Category:Français|Français]] :: [[:Category:Italiano|Italiano]] :: [[:Category:Lietuviškai|Lietuviškai]] :: [[:Category:Polski|Polski]] :: [[:Category:Русский|Русский]] ::[[:Category:Українська|Українська]] :: [[:Category:Српски|Српски]] :: [[:Category:ไทย|ไทย]]<br />
<br />
== 帮助 ==<br />
如果你遇到些麻烦,不知道该如何解决,请使用左边的搜索框。<br />
<br />
要开始编辑页面,你必须先创建一个账户。建立好以后,你可以先在 [[Sandbox|沙盘]] 里尝试并熟悉一下 ArchWiki 的标记语言。你的个人用户页面也是一个尝试的好地方。在 [[:Category:Help|Wiki Help Category]] 里有一份简单的语法清单,在[[:Category:ArchWiki 工具 (简体中文)| ArchWiki 工具]]里还有些基本知识和指南。</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User:GD&diff=72974User:GD2009-07-30T09:53:53Z<p>GD: </p>
<hr />
<div>I'm Chinese people of China Mainland, but i use English for Edit Summary since now, so don't be confused.<br />
<br />
Fast Link:<br />
<br />
[[Special:Contributions/GD|My contributions]]<br />
<br />
[[首页 (简体中文)|简体中文]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Xterm&diff=72973Xterm2009-07-30T09:49:16Z<p>GD: added see also for Per Application Transparency for better reading to others</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Eye candy (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Desktop environments (English)]]<br />
<br />
== Introduction ==<br />
Pacman -S transset-df xcompmgr. Add "xcompmgr &" to .xinitrc, or use another compositing manager. Then add this to openbox's rc.xml(inside chosen keybind/mousebind of course):<br />
<br />
<action name="execute"><br />
<execute>sh -c 'xterm &amp;amp; sleep .6s &amp;amp;&amp;amp; transset-df -a'</execute><br />
</action><br />
<br />
It looks crazy but it works. Rest of this page is excessive.<br />
<br />
Using openbox, it is as yet impossible to automatically apply transparency to a window as it opens.<br />
This is a way of automatically applying tranparency to an opening xterm using transset-df.<br />
It uses a trick of running a script as you start the xterm which then runs another script which calls transset-df.<br />
The reason that it is so complicated, is that to run transet-df on the new xterm window as it opens, we need the XWINDOWID value for the window.<br />
<br />
The three steps which happen to run transset-df on an opening xterm are:<br />
<br />
* Start xterm<br />
* Run a script which executes a command, then starts a bash shell<br />
** (This step is necessary because when you open an xterm with 'xterm -e' the command is executed and then the xterm closes. This is not what we want.)<br />
* Run a script which finds the XWINDOWID of the current xterm and passes it to transset-df to set the transparency<br />
<br />
== Making it work ==<br />
Make a script in (for instance) /usr/local/bin called '''pre-exec'''. Make sure you have execute permission for everyone. The script is:<br />
<br />
${*}<br />
exec /bin/bash<br />
<br />
Make a script in (for instance) /usr/local/bin called '''fader'''. Make sure you have execute permission for everyone. The script is:<br />
<br />
transset-df -i `set | grep WINDOWID | awk 'BEGIN { FS = "=" } ; { print $2 }'` $1 >/dev/null 2>&1<br />
<br />
When you want an xterm to open with a transparency level of 70%, call:<br />
<br />
xterm -geom 80x50 -T xterm -e /usr/local/bin/pre-exec /usr/local/bin/fader 0.7 &<br />
<br />
I have put this line in my .config/openbox/menu.xml file so I always get a transparent xterm.<br />
<br />
== Explanation ==<br />
=== How this doesn't work ===<br />
There is some discussion on how to get the correct process id for a launched program.<br />
When a shell (in this case gnu bash) is running, it's process id (PID) is found by: <br />
echo $$<br />
The last process put into the background (like xterm&) is found by:<br />
echo $!<br />
So, you think - why all this trouble to get the PID of an xterm? Surely you can simply get the PID by doing:<br />
xterm & ; echo $!<br />
And if you do this at the command line, then this works. You get the PID of the xterm and you can then find the XWINDOWID of the xterm to pass to transset-df. All is well. But who is running xterm when you start it from a menu?<br />
The answer is not obvious. If you try to use the $! that is valid in the menu scope, you turn the ''previous'' xterm transparent, not the one you just started.<br />
<br />
=== How this works ===<br />
The pre-exec script does two things:<br />
* run the commands passed to it in the xterm's bash shell<br />
* start a new bash shell<br />
The magic comes from <br />
${*}<br />
which just passes everything on the command line of the script (pre-exec) to the shell which is started because you used the '''-e''' directive. If this was all that happened, then the xterm would immediately exit. But we start a new interactive shell<br />
/bin/bash<br />
which takes control so there is still an interactive prompt alive in the xterm.<br />
<br />
That is quite clever, because it leaves a gap between when the xterm is started with an active shell and when the interactive shell is started up.<br />
In that gap, you can run anything you want that needs the same environment as the later interactive shell, but which needs doing before the interactive shell starts. (NB this is a lot like putting something in a .profile or .bashrc file, which will be executed before the interactive prompt when you start a bash shell.)<br />
<br />
When the xterm starts its bash shell to execute the '''pre-exec''' script, the automatic environment initialization sets variables like XWINDOWID. The '''fader''' script looks up the XWINDOWID and passes it to transset-df along with the command line argument for the transparency. This command finishes, the new bash shell is started and the shell started by '''-e''' exits, leaving you at a bash prompt.<br />
<br />
== Links ==<br />
Tried to find the source links for my working on this and they have gone away.<br />
Thanks and qudos to all those whose work I've leeched to get this working!<br />
<br />
== Problems with this approach ==<br />
Your new transparent xterm is called '''pre-exec'''. This can be changed - someone let us all know how :)<br />
[edit] Use '-T xterm' on the command line to keep the window called 'xterm'.<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
* [[Per Application Transparency]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Per-application_transparency&diff=72971Per-application transparency2009-07-30T09:46:50Z<p>GD: Edited link to Xterm_Automatic_Transparency</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Eye candy (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Desktop environments (English)]]<br />
<br />
==Introduction==<br />
Following [[Xterm_Automatic_Transparency|xterm automatic transparency guide]] one can get per app transparency without using devilspie(xcompmgr and transset-df still necessary)- just replace xterm with your program name. For openbox key/mousebindings, use this inside your rc.xml: <br />
<br />
<execute>sh -c 'xterm &amp;amp; sleep .6s &amp;amp;&amp;amp; transset-df -a'</execute><br />
<br />
This article details how to achieve transparency ''automatically'' on an application-by-application basis. (Specifically, I have only tested this with Openbox, but it should conceivably work with any window manager that complies with EWHM.)<br />
<br />
While transparency assuredly makes your desktop look a little nicer, I maintain that it has some practical usages as well. Specifically, with terminals and text editors. It can be useful to overlay them with some transparency when copying pieces of code, or reading from a manual. However, I find it distracting for use with things like a browser or an image viewer.<br />
<br />
Usually, the case is that you can either make all windows transparent with xcompmgr, or make some special windows transparent for applications that support it natively (i.e., urxvt). There have also been numerous [http://urukrama.wordpress.com/openbox-guide/#Transparency tutorials] on how to use transset-df to set transparency on individual windows, however, this requires that you manually set the transparency for each window that opens.<br />
<br />
Adding [http://burtonini.com/blog/computers/devilspie devilspie] to the mix however, will allow you to achieve per application transparency automatically.<br />
<br />
==Installation==<br />
Firstly, you will need to make sure that xcompmgr, transset-df, and devilspie are installed. xcompmgr and devilspie can be found in the extra repository, and transset-df in the community repository. To install:<br />
<br />
pacman -S xcompmgr devilspie transset-df<br />
<br />
Once installed, run xcompmgr (if you don't already have it running).<br />
<br />
xcompmgr & <br />
<br />
(You do not need to pass any arguments to it, but if you would like some other effects, check out the [[Xcompmgr]] page.)<br />
<br />
==Configuration==<br />
Now that what you need is installed, we need to configure devilspie. Essentially, devilspie acts as a window matching utility. It runs as a daemon, and allows you to specify rules to match certain windows, which then provides the functionality to execute some command (usually pertaining to that window), much like Openbox's rc.xml, however, Openbox alone does not give us the power that we need in this case.<br />
<br />
First, create an opacity.ds file in ~/.devilspie (create that directory if it doesn't already exist):<br />
<br />
mkdir -p ~/.devilspie<br />
cd ~/.devilspie<br />
touch opacity.ds<br />
<br />
Now put something like the following in your opacity.ds file:<br />
<br />
( if<br />
( contains ( window_class ) "Gvim" )<br />
( begin<br />
( spawn_async (str "transset-df -i " (window_xid) " 0.85" ))<br />
)<br />
)<br />
<br />
As you can see, the rule checks to see if the ''window_class'' contains the string "Gvim." If it does, it executes a command using the transset-df utility to lower the opacity to 0.85. (Any value from 0 to 1 is valid- with the former being completely transparent, and the latter being completely opaque.) The key here is the availability of the ''window_xid'' variable, and thus, the power of devilspie in this example.<br />
<br />
=== Finding the Window ===<br />
The other trick here is knowing how to match the desired window. Sometimes you might want to use ''application_name'' instead of matching against ''window_class''. It all depends on how devilspie reads the window information. To see how to identify your window, run this in a terminal:<br />
<br />
devilspie -a<br />
<br />
And then ''start'' your desired application. The terminal should output some identification details that you can use in your opacity.ds file. Alternatively, you could use xprop.<br />
<br />
=== Matching Different Applications ===<br />
While I was content with simply making GVim transparent, you might want to do this with more than one application. Here's an example configuration that makes all GVim, Mirage, and Chromium windows transparent. (Adding more windows should be apparent from this example.)<br />
<br />
( if<br />
( or<br />
( contains ( window_class ) "Gvim" )<br />
( contains ( application_name ) "mirage" )<br />
( contains ( application_name ) "chrome" )<br />
)<br />
( begin<br />
( spawn_async (str "transset-df -i " (window_xid) " 0.85" ))<br />
)<br />
)<br />
<br />
== Starting With X ==<br />
Simply place the following in your X startup script (i.e., ~/.xinitrc) to have per application window transparency load:<br />
<br />
xcompmgr &<br />
devilspie -a &<br />
<br />
== Advanced Configuration ==<br />
[http://foosel.org/linux/devilspie Comprehensive documentation of the devilspie configuration file].<br />
<br />
Alternatively, [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=18543 gdevilspie] is a GUI configuration editor for devilspie. It can be found in the AUR.<br />
<br />
== Credit ==<br />
Thanks goes to [http://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=69834 HashBox] (4th post) for pointing me in the right direction.</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Dmenu&diff=72899Dmenu2009-07-29T13:10:06Z<p>GD: fixed link addresses</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Utilities (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Dmenu}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|Dmenu (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|Dmenu (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
<br />
[http://www.suckless.org/programs/dmenu.html Dmenu] is a fast and lightweight dynamic menu launcher for X. It can be compared to 'Quicksilver' on OS X, or 'Launchy' on Windows. With a quick keystroke, the dmenu menu appears, enabling you to type the name of a program you wish to start.<br />
<br />
= Installation =<br />
<br />
Installing dmenu is simple:<br />
# pacman -S dmenu<br />
<br />
run it<br />
$ dmenu_run<br />
<br />
= Configuration =<br />
Now, you will need to attach the '''dmenu_run''' command to a keystroke combination. This can be done either via your window manager or desktop environment configuration, or with a program like xbindkeys. See the [[Hotkeys]] article for more information.<br />
<br />
= Additional Resources =<br />
* [http://tools.suckless.org/dmenu dmenu] &ndash; The official dmenu website<br />
* [http://dmwit.com/yeganesh Yeganesh] &ndash; a light wrapper that reorders commands based on popularity</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Dmenu_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=72898Dmenu (简体中文)2009-07-29T13:09:57Z<p>GD: fixed link addresses</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Dmenu}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|Dmenu (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|Dmenu (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
== 介绍 ==<br />
dmenu是一个X下的快速、轻量级的软件启动器,为他绑定一个快捷键,输入你想启动的软件的名字,Enter!<br />
<br />
== 安装 ==<br />
安装dmenu是很简单的:<br />
# pacman -S dmenu<br />
运行<br />
$ dmenu_run<br />
<br />
== 设置 ==<br />
现在你可以将此命令关联到一个快捷键,很多窗口管理器和桌面环境都有设置工具可以做到,用[[Xbindkeys|xbindkeys]]也可以做到,想得到更详细的信息参见[[Extra Keyboard Keys]]条目。<br />
<br />
== 延伸 ==<br />
<br />
$ pacman -Ql dmenu | grep bin<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_path<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_run<br />
<br />
可见/usr/bin/下有三个文件,其中'''dmenu_path'''和'''dmenu_run'''是两个shell脚本,真正的执行/显示部分都由'''dmenu'''完成,其中'''dmenu_path'''用于列出$PATH里的可执行文件,每个文件名一行,然后通过“|”传递给'''dmenu''',具体语法可从'''dmenu_run'''里找到。<br />
你也可以在终端里执行:<br />
$ echo | dmenu<br />
然后输入任意字串,这个字串就会被显示在终端里,这其实才是dmenu的核心功能。<br />
<br />
由此配合其他工具可以完成其他任务,比如运行:<br />
$ notify-send "`exec $(echo | dmenu)`"<br />
你可以试着在运行后输入date,之后系统就会借助notify-send弹出日期提示。<br />
<br />
== 其他资源 ==<br />
* [http://tools.suckless.org/dmenu dmenu] - dmenu官方网站<br />
* [http://dmwit.com/yeganesh Yeganesh] - dmenu的一个前段处理器,可以按照使用频率进行排序<br />
* [http://linuxtoy.org/archives/dmenu.html LinuxTOY] - dmenu运行后的效果图</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=MEncoder&diff=72272MEncoder2009-07-17T09:26:56Z<p>GD: fixed link to Gentoo Wiki</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Audio/Video (English)]]<br />
{{Stub}}<br />
<br />
= Notice =<br />
A both complete and comprehensive article regarding mencoder is presently under development. Please check back to this page within the next several days for an update. This article will include an advanced Perl script that will assist in automating the encoding process. For information concerning this article and it's status, please send me ( ispyhumanfly ) a message via the wiki.<br />
<br />
=Introduction=<br />
MEncoder and MPlayer share a man page. It can be found by <code>man mencoder</code>.<br />
<br />
The basic syntax for a conversion is<br />
mencoder originalvideo.mpg -o savevideoto.avi -ovc outputvideocodec -oac outputaudiocodec<br />
So to convert movie.mpg to movie.avi with DivX video and MP2 audio, the command is<br />
mencoder movie.mpg -o movie.avi -ovc lavc -oac lavc<br />
The default codecs without any options are MPEG4 for Video and MP2 for audio.<br />
<br />
And that's basically how to convert a video. However, it is much more useful to find some more options, to make it more useful.<br />
For input codecs, mencoder can use any codec that mplayer can play, so to tell if it will work with you video, just try playing it. There are more input codecs than output supported currently. You can input Matroska and Ogg, but cannot output to them (yet).<br />
To find options for output video codecs, use the command<br />
mencoder -ovc help<br />
Similarly, to find output audio codecs, run<br />
mencoder -oac help<br />
This information can also be found [http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/menc-feat-selecting-codec.html here] where it better explained, although non-specific.<br />
There are many more options than this. You can define bitrates and expected sizes. The [http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Mencoder Gentoo Wiki] has a lot more information on the usage of mencoder.</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=User:GD&diff=71992User:GD2009-07-13T06:34:12Z<p>GD: </p>
<hr />
<div>Fast Link:<br />
<br />
[[首页 (简体中文)|简体中文]]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Xinit_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=71757Xinit (简体中文)2009-07-08T16:54:12Z<p>GD: added {{translateme}}</p>
<hr />
<div>{{translateme}}<br />
{{stub}}<br />
[[Category:Desktop environments (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:Boot process (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:X Server (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Xinitrc}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Ελληνικά|Starting different desktop environments HOWTO_(Ελληνικά)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|Xinitrc (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|cómo iniciar los distintos entornos de escritorio}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
xinit用来启动的X Window系统服务器和系统中第一个客户端程序,它们不能直接从/etc/init启动或用于多头显示的环境。因此.xinitrc文件是一种通常与[[Start_X_at_boot#Starting_X_as_preferred_user_without_logging_in |直接从inittab运行startx脚本]]结合使用的启动X的简单方法。<br />
<br />
== 工作原理 ==<br />
The .xinitrc file is really just one more shell script to run. It can be used to start various applications you want to associate with starting X, e.g. the X screensaver, and to set global environment variables, like MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH. It's foremost use however, is <br />
as a replacement for a [[display manager]] when on a single user machine. When you do not start a display manager it is important to keep in mind that the life of your X session starts and ends with the .xinitrc script. What this means is that once the script finishes, X quits, regardless of whether you still have running programs, including your window manager. It is therefore important that the window manager quitting and X quitting should coincide. This is usually achieved by running the window manager as the last thing in the .xinitrc script, e.g.<br />
<br />
/usr/bin/xscreensaver -no-splash &<br />
/usr/lib/notification-daemon/notification-daemon &<br />
export MOZ_PLUGIN_PATH="/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins:/opt/mozilla/lib/plugins"<br />
exec openbox-session<br />
<br />
Notice that the screensaver and the notification daemon are run in the background. Otherwise the script would halt and wait for the screensaver program to quit before continuing. The variable export line will run and quit very quickly. The line starting [[Openbox]], however is not backgrounded. This ensures that the script will not quit until Openbox does. If you run the startx script manually ending the script will terminate x and leave you with whatever VCs your inittab has started. If you're running it from inittab and has set the line to 'respawn' (rather than 'once'), xinitrc will be run again. This way you can restart X without having to restart the computer.<br />
<br />
== 一个标准的.xinitrc ==<br />
使用这个模板时你可简单地取消注释你喜欢的,例如 Gnome<br />
<br />
<pre>#!/bin/sh<br />
#<br />
# ~~/.xinitrc<br />
#<br />
# 被startx执行 (从这里运行你的窗口管理器)<br />
#<br />
# exec ion<br />
# exec wmaker<br />
# exec startkde<br />
# exec icewm<br />
# exec blackbox<br />
exec gnome-session<br />
# exec startfluxbox<br />
# exec startxfce4<br />
# exec openbox<br />
# exec startlxde<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
== 多头显示 ==<br />
<br />
== 命令行下的技巧 ==<br />
如果你有一个可用的.xinitrc文件,但只想尝试下其他的窗口管理器/桌面环境,你可从命令行这样运行xinit<br />
<br />
xinit /full/path/to/window-manager<br />
<br />
'''需要'''使用完整路径。此外你可以在'--'后面向X服务器传递参数,例如<br />
<br />
xinit /usr/bin/enlightenment -- -br +bs -dpi 96<br />
<br />
=== 随系统启动 ===<br />
<br />
== 外部链接 ==<br />
* [http://fluxbox-wiki.org/index.php?title=.xinitrc Fluxbox维基的.xinitrc条目]</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Category_talk:%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87&diff=71756Category talk:简体中文2009-07-08T16:53:42Z<p>GD: removed spam.</p>
<hr />
<div></div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Dmenu_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=71583Dmenu (简体中文)2009-07-05T08:33:19Z<p>GD: /* 延伸 */ fixed prompt</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Dmenu}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|Dmenu (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|Dmenu (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
== 介绍 ==<br />
dmenu是一个X下的快速、轻量级的软件启动器,为他绑定一个快捷键,输入你想启动的软件的名字,Enter!<br />
<br />
== 安装 ==<br />
安装dmenu是很简单的:<br />
# pacman -S dmenu<br />
运行<br />
$ dmenu_run<br />
<br />
== 设置 ==<br />
现在你可以将此命令关联到一个快捷键,很多窗口管理器和桌面环境都有设置工具可以做到,用[[Xbindkeys|xbindkeys]]也可以做到,想得到更详细的信息参见[[Extra Keyboard Keys]]条目。<br />
<br />
== 延伸 ==<br />
<br />
$ pacman -Ql dmenu | grep bin<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_path<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_run<br />
<br />
可见/usr/bin/下有三个文件,其中'''dmenu_path'''和'''dmenu_run'''是两个shell脚本,真正的执行/显示部分都由'''dmenu'''完成,其中'''dmenu_path'''用于列出$PATH里的可执行文件,每个文件名一行,然后通过“|”传递给'''dmenu''',具体语法可从'''dmenu_run'''里找到。<br />
你也可以在终端里执行:<br />
$ echo | dmenu<br />
然后输入任意字串,这个字串就会被显示在终端里,这其实才是dmenu的核心功能。<br />
<br />
由此配合其他工具可以完成其他任务,比如运行:<br />
$ notify-send "`exec $(echo | dmenu)`"<br />
你可以试着在运行后输入date,之后系统就会借助notify-send弹出日期提示。<br />
<br />
== 其他资源 ==<br />
* [http://www.suckless.org/programs/dmenu.html dmenu] - dmenu官方网站<br />
* [http://dmwit.com/yeganesh yeganesh] - dmenu的一个改进,可以按照使用频率进行排序<br />
* [http://linuxtoy.org/archives/dmenu.html LinuxTOY] - dmenu运行后的效果图</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Dmenu_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=71582Dmenu (简体中文)2009-07-05T08:30:53Z<p>GD: /* 延伸 */ little fix</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Dmenu}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|Dmenu (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|Dmenu (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
== 介绍 ==<br />
dmenu是一个X下的快速、轻量级的软件启动器,为他绑定一个快捷键,输入你想启动的软件的名字,Enter!<br />
<br />
== 安装 ==<br />
安装dmenu是很简单的:<br />
# pacman -S dmenu<br />
运行<br />
$ dmenu_run<br />
<br />
== 设置 ==<br />
现在你可以将此命令关联到一个快捷键,很多窗口管理器和桌面环境都有设置工具可以做到,用[[Xbindkeys|xbindkeys]]也可以做到,想得到更详细的信息参见[[Extra Keyboard Keys]]条目。<br />
<br />
== 延伸 ==<br />
<br />
$ pacman -Ql dmenu | grep bin<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_path<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_run<br />
<br />
可见/usr/bin/下有三个文件,其中'''dmenu_path'''和'''dmenu_run'''是两个shell脚本,真正的执行/显示部分都由'''dmenu'''完成,其中'''dmenu_path'''用于列出$PATH里的可执行文件,每个文件名一行,然后通过“|”传递给'''dmenu''',具体语法可从'''dmenu_run'''里找到。<br />
你也可以在终端里执行:<br />
echo | dmenu<br />
然后输入任意字串,这个字串就会被显示在终端里,这其实才是dmenu的核心功能。<br />
<br />
由此配合其他工具可以完成其他任务,比如运行:<br />
notify-send "`exec $(echo | dmenu)`"<br />
你可以试着在运行后输入date,之后系统就会借助notify-send弹出日期提示。<br />
<br />
== 其他资源 ==<br />
* [http://www.suckless.org/programs/dmenu.html dmenu] - dmenu官方网站<br />
* [http://dmwit.com/yeganesh yeganesh] - dmenu的一个改进,可以按照使用频率进行排序<br />
* [http://linuxtoy.org/archives/dmenu.html LinuxTOY] - dmenu运行后的效果图</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Dmenu_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=71581Dmenu (简体中文)2009-07-05T08:28:50Z<p>GD: heavy update.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:HOWTOs (简体中文)]]<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Dmenu}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Español|Dmenu (Español)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|Dmenu (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
== 介绍 ==<br />
dmenu是一个X下的快速、轻量级的软件启动器,为他绑定一个快捷键,输入你想启动的软件的名字,Enter!<br />
<br />
== 安装 ==<br />
安装dmenu是很简单的:<br />
# pacman -S dmenu<br />
运行<br />
$ dmenu_run<br />
<br />
== 设置 ==<br />
现在你可以将此命令关联到一个快捷键,很多窗口管理器和桌面环境都有设置工具可以做到,用[[Xbindkeys|xbindkeys]]也可以做到,想得到更详细的信息参见[[Extra Keyboard Keys]]条目。<br />
<br />
== 延伸 ==<br />
<br />
$ pacman -Ql dmenu | grep bin<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_path<br />
dmenu /usr/bin/dmenu_run<br />
<br />
可见/usr/bin/下有三个文件,其中'''dmenu_path'''和'''dmenu_run'''是两个shell脚本,真正的执行/显示部分都由'''dmenu'''完成<br />
'''dmenu_path'''用于列出$PATH里的可执行文件,每个文件名一行,然后通过“|”传递给'''dmenu''',具体语法可从'''dmenu_run'''里找到。<br />
你也可以在终端里执行:<br />
echo | dmenu<br />
然后输入任意字串,这个字串就会被显示在终端里,这其实才是dmenu的核心功能。<br />
由此配合其他工具可以完成其他任务,比如运行:<br />
notify-send "`exec $(echo | dmenu)`"<br />
你可以试着在运行后输入date,之后系统就会借助notify-send弹出日期提示。<br />
<br />
== 其他资源 ==<br />
* [http://www.suckless.org/programs/dmenu.html dmenu] - dmenu官方网站<br />
* [http://dmwit.com/yeganesh yeganesh] - dmenu的一个改进,可以按照使用频率进行排序<br />
* [http://linuxtoy.org/archives/dmenu.html LinuxTOY] - dmenu运行后的效果图</div>GDhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=List_of_Keyboard_Shortcuts_(%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87)&diff=71271List of Keyboard Shortcuts (简体中文)2009-06-26T12:25:48Z<p>GD: fixed some problem</p>
<hr />
<div>{{translateme}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:简体中文]]<br />
<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|List of Keyboard Shortcuts}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|简体中文|键盘快捷键列表 (简体中文)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
==内核==<br />
Low level shortcuts for debugging.<br />
Must be activated first with <code>echo "1" > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq</code><br />
<br />
==终端==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
! 键盘快捷键<br />
! 描述<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|Del}}<br />
| 重启计算机(指定在 /etc/inittab)<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|F1}}, {{keypress|F2}}, {{keypress|F3}}, ...<br />
| 切换到第 n 个控制台<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|&larr;}}<br />
| 切换到上一个控制台<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|&rarr;}}<br />
| 切换到下一个控制台<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Scroll Lock}}<br />
| 当 Scroll Lock 被激活后,输入/输出将被锁住<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|&uArr; Shift}}+{{keypress|PgUp}}/{{keypress|PgDown}}<br />
| 控制台翻页<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|L}}<br />
| 清屏<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|C}}<br />
| 结束当前进程<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|D}}<br />
| 插入一个 EOF(文件结束符)<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|Z}}<br />
| 暂停当前进程<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==X11==<br />
<br />
{|<br />
|-<br />
! 键盘快捷键<br />
! 描述<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|F1}}, {{keypress|F2}}, {{keypress|F3}}, ...<br />
| 切换到第 n 个虚拟控制台<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|+}}/{{keypress|-}}<br />
| 切换到更高/更低的可用屏幕分辨率<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|Alt}}+{{keypress|Backspace}}<br />
| 结束 X-server<br />
|-<br />
| {{keypress|Ctrl}}+{{keypress|&uArr; Shift}}+{{keypress|Num Lock}}<br />
| 开启键盘鼠标;使用小键盘控制鼠标,{{keypress|5}}键单击,用{{keypress|/}}、{{keypress|*}}、及{{keypress|-}}将单击模式切换为左键、中键和右键<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==外部链接==<br />
*[http://linux-newbie.dotsrc.org/html/lnag.html#6.Linux%20Shortcuts%20and%20Commands|outline Linux Newbie Administrator Guide - Shortcuts and Commands]<br />
*[http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Keyboard-and-Console-HOWTO.html The Linux keyboard and console HOWTO]</div>GD