https://wiki.archlinux.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=LucidComplex&feedformat=atomArchWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T08:52:17ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.0https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Sway&diff=595353Sway2020-01-17T05:26:13Z<p>LucidComplex: Update virtualization section, since Sway works with both VirtualBox and VMware. Also included a little fix for the invisible cursor due to VMSVGA.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Tiling WMs]]<br />
[[Category:Dynamic WMs]]<br />
[[ja:Sway]]<br />
[[pt:Sway]]<br />
''sway'' is a compositor for [[Wayland]] designed to be fully compatible with [[i3]]. According to [https://swaywm.org the official website]:<br />
:Sway is a tiling Wayland compositor and a drop-in replacement for the i3 window manager for X11. It works with your existing i3 configuration and supports most of i3's features, plus a few extras.<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
''sway'' can be [[install]]ed with the {{Pkg|sway}} package. The development version can be installed using {{AUR|wlroots-git}} and {{AUR|sway-git}}. It's advisable to always update ''wlroots'' when you update ''sway'', due to tight dependencies.<br />
<br />
You may also install {{Pkg|swaylock}} and {{Pkg|swayidle}} to lock your screen and set up an idle manager.<br />
<br />
== Starting ==<br />
<br />
{{Tip|See [[Wayland#GUI libraries]] for appropriate environment variables to set for window decoration libraries.}}<br />
<br />
=== From a TTY ===<br />
<br />
To start Sway, simply type ''sway'' from a TTY.<br />
<br />
=== From a display manager ===<br />
<br />
{{Note|Sway does not support display managers officially.[https://github.com/swaywm/sway/pull/3634#issuecomment-462779163]}}<br />
<br />
The sway session is located at {{ic|/usr/share/wayland-sessions/sway.desktop}}. It is automatically recognized by modern display managers like [[GDM]] and [[SDDM]].<br />
<br />
It is also possible to start sway as a [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/Systemd-integration#running-sway-itself-as-a---user-service systemd user service] through the display manager.<br />
<br />
Also you can use text-based session manager, see [[Display manager#Console]].<br />
<br />
== Configuration ==<br />
<br />
If you already use i3, then copy your i3 configuration to {{ic|~/.config/sway/config}} and it should work out of the box. Otherwise, copy the sample configuration file to {{ic|~/.config/sway/config}}. It is located at {{ic|/etc/sway/config}}, unless the {{ic|DFALLBACK_CONFIG_DIR}} flag has been set. See {{man|5|sway}} for information on the configuration.<br />
<br />
=== Keymap ===<br />
<br />
By default, sway starts with the US QWERTY keymap. To configure per-input:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<nowiki><br />
input * xkb_layout "us,de,ru"<br />
input * xkb_variant "colemak,,typewriter"<br />
input * xkb_options "grp:win_space_toggle"<br />
input "MANUFACTURER1 Keyboard" xkb_model "pc101"<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
More details are available in {{man|7|xkeyboard-config}} and {{man|5|sway-input}}.<br />
<br />
The keymap can also be configured using environment variables ({{ic|XKB_DEFAULT_LAYOUT}}, {{ic|XKB_DEFAULT_VARIANT}}, etc.) when starting sway.<br />
<br />
=== Statusbar ===<br />
<br />
Installing the program {{Pkg|i3status}} is an easy way to get a practical, default statusline. All one has to do is add following snippet at the end of your sway config:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<nowiki><br />
bar {<br />
status_command i3status<br />
}<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
If you want to achieve colored output of i3status, you can adjust following part in the i3status configuration:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/i3status/config|<nowiki><br />
general {<br />
colors = true<br />
interval = 5<br />
}<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
In both examples, the system-wide installed configuration files has been copied over to the user directory and then modified. <br />
<br />
{{Tip|{{Pkg|waybar}} is an alternative to the bar included with sway (swaybar).}}<br />
<br />
=== Wallpaper ===<br />
<br />
Since release 1.1.1 the wallpaper part of the SwayWM project was moved to {{Pkg|swaybg}}, which is needed in order to run the output command.<br />
<br />
This line, which can be appended at the end of your sway configuration, sets a background image on all displays (output matches all with name {{ic|"*"}}):<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<nowiki><br />
output "*" bg /home/onny/pictures/fredwang_norway.jpg fill<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Of course you have to replace the file name and path according to your wallpaper.<br />
<br />
You may use {{AUR|azote}} as the GTK+3 frontend to swaybg.<br />
<br />
=== Input devices ===<br />
<br />
Its possible to tweak specific input device configurations. For example to enable tap-to-click and natural scolling for a touchpad, add an input block:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<nowiki><br />
input "2:14:ETPS/2_Elantech_Touchpad" {<br />
tap enabled<br />
natural_scroll enabled<br />
}<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Where as the device identifier can be queried with:<br />
<br />
$ swaymsg -t get_inputs<br />
<br />
The output from the command, sometimes has a "\" to escape symbols like "/" (ie {{ic|"2:14:ETPS\/2_Elantech_Touchpad"}}) and it needs to be removed.<br />
<br />
More documentation and options like acceleration profiles can be found in {{man|5|sway-input}}.<br />
<br />
=== HiDPI ===<br />
<br />
Set your displays scale factor with the {{ic|output}} command in your config file. The scale factor can be fractional, but it is usually 2 for HiDPI screens.<br />
<br />
output <name> scale <factor><br />
<br />
You can find your display name with the following command:<br />
<br />
$ swaymsg -t get_outputs<br />
<br />
=== Custom keybindings ===<br />
<br />
[[Extra keyboard keys|Special keys]] on your keyboard can be used to execute commands, for example to control your volume, your monitor brightness or your media player:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<nowiki><br />
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +5%<br />
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -5%<br />
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle<br />
bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle<br />
bindsym XF86MonBrightnessDown exec brightnessctl set 5%-<br />
bindsym XF86MonBrightnessUp exec brightnessctl set +5%<br />
bindsym XF86AudioPlay exec playerctl play-pause<br />
bindsym XF86AudioNext exec playerctl next<br />
bindsym XF86AudioPrev exec playerctl previous<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
To control brightness you can use {{Pkg|brightnessctl}} or {{Pkg|light}}. For a list of utilities to control brightness and color correction see [[Backlight]].<br />
<br />
=== Floating windows ===<br />
<br />
To enable floating windows or window assignments, open the application and then use the {{ic|app_id}}, the {{ic|class}}, the {{ic|instance}} and the {{ic|title}} attributes to enable floating windows/window assignments. The following command will list the properties of all the open windows.<br />
<br />
$ swaymsg -t get_tree<br />
<br />
To get only the {{ic|app_id}}'s of all open windows use:<br />
<br />
$ swaymsg -t get_tree | grep "app_id"<br />
<br />
If the {{ic|app_id}} happens to be null for some windows, you might have to use the {{ic|class}} and/or the {{ic|instance}} attributes to enable floating mode/window assignments. You can search the output and create fine grained rules for your windows.<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|2=<br />
for_window [app_id="galculator"] floating enable<br />
assign [class="firefox"] -> 3<br />
assign [class="^Urxvt$" instance="^htop$"] -> 9<br />
}}<br />
<br />
This is similar to using {{Pkg|xorg-xprop}} to find the {{ic|class}} or {{ic|wm_name}} attributes in [[X11]].<br />
<br />
=== Xresources ===<br />
<br />
Copy {{ic|~/.Xresources}} to {{ic|~/.Xdefaults}} to use them in Sway.<br />
<br />
=== Run programs natively under Wayland (without XWayland support) ===<br />
<br />
{{Accuracy|{{ic|xwayland disable}} is not necessary to run programs natively under Wayland, configuring the [[Wayland#GUI libraries|GUI libraries]] appropriately is enough. Keeping XWayland enabled is good for programs that don't work otherwise.}}<br />
<br />
First, be sure the toolkit or library of every program that is and will be installed [[Wayland#GUI_libraries|support Wayland]]. Then append the following line to your sway configuration file to disable XWayland support:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<nowiki><br />
xwayland disable<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
{{ Note| Some programs, like [[Firefox#Wayland|Firefox]], [[#Application launchers|bemenu]] or [[Wayland#Qt_5|Qt5]] based programs, also need specific environment variables set for them to run natively under Wayland. }}<br />
{{ Note| In a fresh Sway install, you need to change the default menu and terminal applications because they depend on XWayland. }}<br />
<br />
== Tips and tricks ==<br />
<br />
=== Autostart on login ===<br />
<br />
To start sway from tty1 on login with default US keyboard, edit:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.bash_profile|<br />
<nowiki>if [[ -z $DISPLAY ]] && [[ $(tty) = /dev/tty1 ]]; then<br />
XKB_DEFAULT_LAYOUT=us exec sway<br />
fi</nowiki><br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Enable CapsLock/NumLock ===<br />
Enable the capslock and/or numlock by adding the following lines to your sway config<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<nowiki><br />
input * xkb_capslock enable<br />
input * xkb_numlock enable<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
=== Backlight toggle ===<br />
<br />
To turn off (and on) your displays with a key (e.g. {{ic|Pause}}) bind the following script in your Sway {{ic|config}}:<br />
<br />
{{bc|<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
read lcd < /tmp/lcd<br />
if [ "$lcd" -eq "0" ]; then<br />
swaymsg "output * dpms on"<br />
echo 1 > /tmp/lcd<br />
else<br />
swaymsg "output * dpms off"<br />
echo 0 > /tmp/lcd<br />
fi<br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Screen capture ===<br />
<br />
Capturing the screen can be done using {{Pkg|grim}} or {{AUR|swayshot}} for screenshots and {{AUR|wf-recorder-git}} for video. Optionally, {{Pkg|slurp}} can be used to select the part of the screen to capture.<br />
<br />
Take a screenshot of the whole screen:<br />
<br />
$ grim screenshot.png<br />
<br />
Take a screenshot of current window:<br />
<br />
$ grim -g "$(swaymsg -t get_tree | jq -r '.. | select(.pid? and .visible?) | .rect | "\(.x),\(.y) \(.width)x\(.height)"')" screenshot.png<br />
<br />
Take a screenshot of a part of the screen:<br />
<br />
$ grim -g "$(slurp)" screenshot.png<br />
<br />
Capture a video of the whole screen:<br />
<br />
$ wf-recorder -o recording.mp4<br />
<br />
Capture a video of a part of the screen:<br />
<br />
$ wf-recorder -g "$(slurp)"<br />
<br />
Example of usage with {{Pkg|grim}}, {{Pkg|slurp}} and {{Pkg|wl-clipboard}}, screenshot directly with Print button to clipboard. <br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<br />
<nowiki>bindsym --release Print exec grim -g \"$(slurp)" - | wl-copy</nowiki><br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Control swaynag with the keyboard ===<br />
<br />
Swaynag, the default warning/prompt program shipped with sway, only supports user interaction with the mouse. A helper program such as {{AUR|swaynagmode}} may be used to enable interaction via keyboard shortcuts.<br />
<br />
Swaynagmode works by first launching swaynag, then listening for signals which trigger actions such as selecting the next button, dismissing the prompt, or accepting the selected button. These signals are sent by launching another instance of the swaynagmode script itself with a control argument, such as {{ic|swaynagmode --select right}} or {{ic|swaynagmode --confirm}}. <br />
<br />
Swaynagmode by default triggers the sway mode {{ic|nag}} upon initialization, followed by {{ic|default}} on exit. This makes it easy to define keybindings in your sway configuration:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<br />
set $nag exec swaynagmode<br />
mode "nag" {<br />
bindsym {<br />
Ctrl+d mode "default"<br />
<br />
Ctrl+c $nag --exit<br />
q $nag --exit<br />
Escape $nag --exit<br />
<br />
Return $nag --confirm<br />
<br />
Tab $nag --select prev<br />
Shift+Tab $nag --select next<br />
<br />
Left $nag --select next<br />
Right $nag --select prev<br />
<br />
Up $nag --select next<br />
Down $nag --select prev<br />
}<br />
}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Note that, beginning in sway version 1.2, mode names are case-sensitive.<br />
<br />
You can configure sway to use swaynagmode with the configuration command {{ic|swaynag_command swaynagmode}}.<br />
<br />
=== Change cursor theme and size ===<br />
<br />
To set the [[cursor theme]] and size:<br />
<br />
{{hc|~/.config/sway/config|<br />
seat seat0 xcursor_theme ''my_cursor_theme'' ''my_cursor_size''<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Where {{ic|''my_cursor_theme''}} can be set to or replaced by a specific value like {{ic|default}}, {{ic|Adwaita}} or {{ic|Simple-and-Soft}}, and {{ic|''my_cursor_size''}} a value like {{ic|48}}.<br />
<br />
You can inspect their values with {{ic|echo $XCURSOR_SIZE}} and {{ic|echo $XCURSOR_THEME}}.<br />
<br />
Note that you need to restart the application to see the changes.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Wayland uses client-side cursors. It's possible that applications do not evaluate the values of {{ic|$XCURSOR_SIZE}} and {{ic|$XCURSOR_THEME}}.}}<br />
<br />
== Troubleshooting ==<br />
<br />
=== Application launchers ===<br />
<br />
i3-dmenu-desktop, {{Pkg|dmenu}}, and {{Pkg|rofi}} all function relatively well in Sway, but all run under XWayland and suffer from the same issue where they can become unresponsive if the cursor is moved to a native Wayland window. The reason for this issue is that Wayland clients/windows do not have access to input devices unless they have focus of the screen. The XWayland server is itself a client to the Wayland compositor, so one of its XWayland clients must have focus for it to access user input. However, once one of its clients has focus, it can gather input and make it available to all XWayland clients through the X11 protocol. Hence, moving the cursor to an XWayland window and pressing Escape should fix the issue, and sometimes running {{ic|pkill}} does too.<br />
<br />
{{Pkg|bemenu}} is a native Wayland dmenu replacement which can optionally be combined with {{AUR|j4-dmenu-desktop}} to provide a Wayland-native combination for launching desktop files (as i3-dmenu-desktop does):<br />
<br />
j4-dmenu-desktop --dmenu='bemenu -i --nb "#3f3f3f" --nf "#dcdccc" --fn "pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 12"' --term='termite'<br />
<br />
You may need to set {{ic|BEMENU_BACKEND}} environment variable to "wayland" if you choose not to disable XWayland.<br />
<br />
You can also build your own with a floating terminal and fzf as discussed in a [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/1367 GitHub issue].<br />
<br />
Also {{ic|krunner}} binary provided by {{Pkg|plasma-workspace}} package can serve as launcher, offering both XWayland and native Wayland support.<br />
<br />
{{AUR|wofi-hg}} is a command launcher, that provides the same features as rofi but running under wayland. It is based on {{Pkg|wlroots}} library and use GTK3 for rendering. It works pretty well with sway.<br />
<br />
=== Virtualization ===<br />
<br />
Sway works with both [[VirtualBox]] and [[VMware]] ESXi.<br />
<br />
However, when using the VMSVGA graphics controller, the cursor is invisible.<br />
This can be fixed by using software cursors as discussed in [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/3814 this GitHub issue]:<br />
<br />
$ export WLR_NO_HARDWARE_CURSORS=1<br />
<br />
=== Sway socket not detected ===<br />
<br />
Using a {{ic|swaymsg}} argument, such as {{ic|swaymsg -t get_outputs}}, will sometimes return the message:<br />
<br />
sway socket not detected.<br />
ERROR: Unable to connect to<br />
<br />
when run inside a terminal multiplexer (such as gnu screen or tmux). This means {{ic|swaymsg}} could not connect to the socket provided in your {{ic|SWAYSOCK}}.<br />
<br />
To view what the current value of {{ic|SWAYSOCK}} is, type:<br />
<br />
$ env | fgrep SWAYSOCK<br />
SWAYSOCK=/run/user/1000/sway-ipc.1000.4981.sock<br />
<br />
To work around this problem, you may try attaching to a socket based on the running sway process:<br />
<br />
$ export SWAYSOCK=/run/user/$(id -u)/sway-ipc.$(id -u).$(pgrep -x sway).sock<br />
<br />
To avoid this error, run the command outside of a multiplexer.<br />
<br />
=== Unable to retrieve socket path ===<br />
<br />
Requesting messages from {{ic|swaymsg -t}} on a tty may return the following message:<br />
<br />
Unable to retrieve socket path<br />
<br />
{{ic|SWAYSOCK}} environment variable is set after launching Sway, therefore a workaround to this error is to request {{ic|swaymsg -t [message]}} in a terminal inside Sway.<br />
<br />
=== Keybindings and keyboard layouts ===<br />
<br />
By default, if you are using more than one keyboard layout, e.g. {{ic|<nowiki>input * xkb_layout "us,ru"</nowiki>}}, bindings may become broken when you switch on some secondary layout.<br />
<br />
Thanks to https://github.com/swaywm/sway/pull/3058, all you need is to add {{ic|--to-code}} key to sensitive {{ic|bindsym}} lines like this:<br />
{{bc|<nowiki><br />
bindsym --to-code {<br />
$mod+$left focus left<br />
$mod+$down focus down<br />
$mod+$up focus up<br />
$mod+$right focus right<br />
}</nowiki><br />
}}<br />
<br />
=== Java applications ===<br />
<br />
Some Java-based applications will display blank screen when opened, for example any Intellij editor. To mitigate this, the application can be started with the {{ic|_JAVA_AWT_WM_NONREPARENTING}} environment variable set to 1.<br />
<br />
If you start the application from a launcher like {{Pkg|rofi}} or {{Pkg|dmenu}}, you might want to modify the application desktop entry as shown in [[Desktop entries#Modify environment variables]].<br />
<br />
=== Scroll on border ===<br />
<br />
If using the mouse scroll wheel on an application's border crashes sway, you could use {{ic|border none}} for the {{ic|app_id}} (e.g. Firefox).<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [https://github.com/swaywm/sway GitHub project]<br />
* [https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki Sway official wiki]<br />
* [https://git.sr.ht/~sircmpwn/sway sr.ht git page]<br />
* [https://swaywm.org Website]<br />
* [https://drewdevault.com/2019/03/11/Sway-1.0-released.html Announcing the release of sway 1.0]</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Network_configuration/Wireless&diff=265238Network configuration/Wireless2013-07-06T05:23:58Z<p>LucidComplex: /* compat-drivers-patched */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Wireless Networking]]<br />
[[cs:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[de:(W)LAN_und_Arch_Linux]]<br />
[[es:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[fr:Wifi]]<br />
[[it:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[ja:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[nl:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[ro:Wireless]]<br />
[[ru:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[th:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[tr:Kablosuz_bağlantı]]<br />
[[zh-CN:Wireless Setup]]<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|A complete guide to enabling and configuring wireless networking.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Overview}}<br />
{{Article summary text|{{Networking overview}}}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
{{Poor writing|Article too large, drivers specific guidelines should be moved to a dedicated page.}}<br />
{{Out of date|netcfg is deprecated, all references should be changed to netctl<br />
}}<br />
Configuring wireless is a two-part process; the first part is to identify and ensure the correct driver for your wireless device is installed (they are available on the installation media, so make sure you install them), and to configure the interface. The second is choosing a method of managing wireless connections. This article covers both parts, and provides additional links to wireless management tools.<br />
<br />
'''About new Arch Linux systems:''' Most wireless drivers and tools are available during Arch set-up under the {{grp|base}} group. Be sure to install the proper driver for your card. [[Udev]] will usually load the appropriate module, thereby creating the wireless interface, in the initial live system of the installer, as well as the newly installed system on your hard drive. If you are configuring your wireless functionality after, and not during, Arch Linux installation, simply ensure the required packages are installed with [[pacman]], (driver, firmware if needed, {{Pkg|wireless_tools}}, {{Pkg|iw}}, {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}, etc.) and follow the guidelines below. Note that {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} may be optional depending on how recent your wireless hardware is.<br />
<br />
== Part I: Identify Card/Install Driver ==<br />
<br />
=== Identify and Discover if Supported ===<br />
<br />
First you will need to check and see if the Linux kernel has support for your card or if a user-space driver is available for it.<br />
<br />
==== Identify your card ====<br />
<br />
You can find your card type by command:<br />
# lspci | grep -i net<br />
<br />
Or, if you have a USB device, run:<br />
# lsusb<br />
<br />
{{Note|The internal Wi-Fi card in some laptops may actually be a USB device, so make sure you check both commands.}}<br />
<br />
==== Discover if the card is supported ====<br />
<br />
* The [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported Ubuntu Wiki] has a good list of wireless cards and whether or not they are supported either in the Linux kernel or by a user-space driver (includes driver name).<br />
* [http://linux-wless.passys.nl/ Linux Wireless Support] and The Linux Questions' [http://www.linuxquestions.org/hcl/index.php?cat=10 Hardware Compatibility List] (HCL) also have a good database of kernel-friendly hardware. <br />
* The [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Devices kernel page] additionally has a matrix of supported hardware.<br />
<br />
==== If your card is not listed ====<br />
<br />
If your wireless hardware is not listed above, likely it is supported only under Windows (some Broadcom, 3com, etc). For these, you will need to use [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/List ndiswrapper]. <br />
<br />
Ndiswrapper is a wrapper script that allows you to use some Windows drivers in Linux. See the compatibility list [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List here]. You will need the {{ic|.inf}} and {{ic|.sys}} files from your Windows install. If you have a newer card, or a more exotic card, you might want to look up your exact model name and 'linux' and search the Internet before doing this step.<br />
<br />
===Install user space tools ===<br />
<br />
====If you have wired Internet access available====<br />
If you have wired Ethernet available and are simply adding wireless functionality to an existing system, and you did not include {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} during initial installation, then [[pacman|install]] the package {{Pkg|wireless_tools}}.<br />
<br />
{{Note|{{Pkg|wireless_tools}} may not be required depending on the age of your hardware and whether your hardware/drivers support {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}. If your configuration is supported well enough to work using only {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}, then it is recommended to stick with wpa_supplicant only.}}<br />
<br />
The drivers' corresponding package names are either highlighted in '''bold''' or via {{ic|monospaced font}} on this page. The packages can be installed during initial package selection on the Arch Linux installation media and can also be [[pacman|installed]] later.<br />
<br />
====If you have only wireless internet available====<br />
The {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} package is now available as part of the base system and is also on the live installation media (CD/USB stick image) under the [[Beginners%27_Guide#Install_the_base_system|base-devel]] group. <br />
<br />
You cannot initialize wireless hardware without these user-space tools, so ensure they are installed from the [[Beginners%27_Guide#Install_the_base_system|installer media]], especially if you have no means of networking other than wirelessly. Otherwise, you will be stuck in a "catch 22" when you reboot your newly installed Arch Linux system: you will need {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} and drivers, but in order to get them, you will need {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} and drivers.<br />
<br />
===Drivers and firmware===<br />
<br />
The default Arch Linux kernel is ''modular'', meaning many of the drivers for machine hardware reside on the hard drive and are available as ''[[Kernel modules|modules]]''. At boot, [[udev]] takes an inventory of your hardware. Udev will load appropriate modules (drivers) for your corresponding hardware, and the driver, in turn, will allow creation of a kernel ''interface''. <br />
<br />
The interface name for different drivers and chipsets will vary. Some examples are ''wlan0'', ''eth1'', and ''ath0''.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Udev is not perfect. If the proper module is not loaded by udev on boot, simply {{ic|modprobe}} it and add the module name in a {{ic|.conf}} file in {{ic|/etc/modules-load.d/}}. Note also that udev may occasionally load more than one driver for a device, and the resulting conflict will prevent successful configuration. Be sure to [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the unwanted module.}}<br />
<br />
Methods and procedures for installing kernel modules for various chipsets are covered below. In addition, certain chipsets require the installation of corresponding ''firmware'' (also covered below). Read [[Kernel modules]] for general informations on operations with modules.<br />
<br />
====rt2860 and rt2870====<br />
<br />
From Linux kernel 3.0, the staging driver {{ic|rt2860sta}} is replaced by the mainline driver {{ic|rt2800pci}}, and {{ic|rt2870sta}} is replaced by {{ic|rt2800usb}}. As a result, the staging drivers are deleted. Source: [https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commitdiff;h=fefecc6989b4b24276797270c0e229c07be02ad3 Kernel commit]. The rt2800 driver automatically works with devices using the rt2870 chipset.<br />
<br />
It has a wide range of options that can be configured with {{ic|iwpriv}}. These are documented in the [http://web.ralinktech.com/ralink/Home/Support/Linux.html source tarballs] available from Ralink.<br />
<br />
====rt3090====<br />
For devices which are using the rt3090 chipset it should be possible to use {{ic|rt2860sta}} driver. The mainline driver {{ic|rt2800pci}} is not working with this chipset very well (e.g. sometimes it's not possible to use higher rate than 2Mb/s).<br />
<br />
The best way is to use the {{AUR|rt3090}} driver from [[AUR]]. Compile the {{AUR|rt3090}} driver from [[AUR]], delete/move the /etc/Wireless/RT2860STA/RT2860STA.dat firmware file to allow installation of the compiled RT3090 package, [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the rt2860sta module and setup the rt3090sta module to [[Kernel modules#Loading|load]] at boot.<br />
<br />
Note: This driver also works for rt3062 chipsets.<br />
<br />
====rt3290====<br />
The rt3290 chipset is recognised by the kernel {{ic|rt2800pci}} module. However, some users experience problems and reverting to a patched Ralink driver seems to be beneficial in these [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=161952 cases].<br />
<br />
====rt2x00====<br />
Unified driver for Ralink chipsets (replaces {{ic|rt2500}}, {{ic|rt61}}, {{ic|rt73}}, etc). This driver has been in the Linux kernel since 2.6.24, but some devices may require extra firmware. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
Some chips require a firmware file, which is installed by default in Arch Linux via the package {{Pkg|linux-firmware}}.<br />
<br />
See: [[Using the new rt2x00 beta driver]]<br />
<br />
====rt3573====<br />
New chipset as of 2012. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink. Different manufacturers use it, see [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1164228#p1164228 Belkin N750 example]<br />
====rt5572====<br />
New chipset as of 2012 with support for 5 Ghz bands. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink and some effort to compile them. At the time of writing a how-to on compilation is available for a DLINK DWA-160 rev. B2 [http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/229-ubuntu-precise-dlink-dwa160-revb2 here].<br />
<br />
====w322u====<br />
Treat this Tenda card as an {{ic|rt2870sta}} device. See: [[rt2870]]<br />
<br />
====rtl8180====<br />
Realtek rtl8180 PCI/Cardbus 802.11b is now fully supported in the kernel. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
====rtl8187====<br />
See: [[Rtl8187_wireless|rtl8187]]<br />
<br />
====rtl8192cu====<br />
<br />
The driver is now in the kernel, but many users have reported being unable to make a connection although scanning for networks does work.<br />
<br />
The {{AUR|dkms-8192cu}} package in the AUR may be a better choice for some users.<br />
<br />
====rtl8192e====<br />
<br />
The driver is part of the current kernel package. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
{{Note|[[wicd]] may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while [[NetworkManager]] appears to work better.}}<br />
<br />
=====Module initialization fails=====<br />
<br />
The module initialization may fail at boot giving this error message : <br />
<br />
rtl819xE:ERR in CPUcheck_firmware_ready()<br />
rtl819xE:ERR in init_firmware() step 2<br />
rtl819xE:ERR!!! _rtl8192_up(): initialization is failed!<br />
r8169 0000:03:00.0: eth0: link down<br />
<br />
A workaround is to simply unload the module: <br />
# modprobe -r r8192e_pci<br />
and reload the module (after a pause): <br />
# modprobe r8192e_pci<br />
<br />
====rtl8192s====<br />
<br />
The driver is part of the current kernel package. Firmware may need to be added manually if {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin}} does not exist. ({{ic|dmesg}} will report ''"rtl819xU:FirmwareRequest92S(): failed"'' if the firmware is missing)<br />
<br />
To download and install firmware:<br />
$ wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/33927923/rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz<br />
# mkdir /lib/firmware/RTL8192SU<br />
# tar -xzOf rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz \<br />
rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009/firmware/RTL8192SE/rtl8192sfw.bin > \<br />
/lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin<br />
<br />
{{Note|An alternate version of the firmware may be found [http://launchpadlibrarian.net/37387612/rtl8192sfw.bin.gz here], but this version may cause dropped connections.}}<br />
<br />
{{Note|[[wicd]] may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while [[NetworkManager]] appears to work better.}}<br />
<br />
====madwifi-ng====<br />
There are three modules maintained by the MadWifi team:<br />
* {{ic|ath_pci}} is the older driver.<br />
* [[#ath5k|{{ic|ath5k}}]] will eventually phase out {{ic|ath_pci}}. Currently a better choice for some chipsets, but not all chipsets are supported (see below)<br />
* [[#ath9k|{{ic|ath9k}}]] is the new, official, superior driver for newer Atheros hardware (see below)<br />
<br />
For old {{ic|ath_pci}} driver, install package {{AUR|madwifi}} and optionally {{AUR|madwifi-utils-svn}}. Then:<br />
# modprobe ath_pci<br />
<br />
If using {{ic|ath_pci}}, you may need to blacklist {{ic|ath5k}}. See [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting]] for instructions.<br />
<br />
Some users '''may need''' to use the {{ic|countrycode}} option when loading the MadWifi driver in order to use channels and transmit power settings that are legal in their country/region. In the Netherlands, for example, you would load the module like this:<br />
# modprobe ath_pci countrycode=528<br />
<br />
You can verify the settings with the {{ic|iwlist}} command. See {{ic|man iwlist}} and the [http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/CountryCode CountryCode page on the MadWifi wiki]. To have this setting automatically applied during boot, refer to [[Kernel_modules#Configuration]], and note the following module option setting:<br />
options ath_pci countrycode=528<br />
<br />
====ath5k====<br />
{{ic|ath5k}} is the preferred driver for AR5xxx chipsets including those which are already working with {{ic|madwifi-ng}} and for some chipsets older than AR5xxx. <br />
<br />
If {{ic|ath5k}} is conflicting with {{ic|ath_pci}} on your system, [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] (and unload using {{ic|rmmod}} or reboot) the following drivers:<br />
ath_hal<br />
ath_pci<br />
ath_rate_amrr<br />
ath_rate_onoe<br />
ath_rate_sample<br />
wlan<br />
wlan_acl<br />
wlan_ccmp<br />
wlan_scan_ap<br />
wlan_scan_sta<br />
wlan_tkip<br />
wlan_wep<br />
wlan_xauth<br />
<br />
then {{ic|modprobe ath5k}} manually or reboot. ''wlan0'' (or ''wlanX'') in sta mode should spawn and become ready to use.<br />
<br />
If the device is unable to lease an IP after being loaded, try {{ic|modprobe ath5k nohwcrypt<nowiki>=</nowiki>1}}. See below for details about the nohwcrypt option.<br />
<br />
Info:<br />
* http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath5k<br />
* http://wiki.debian.org/ath5k<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=Some laptop have problems with their wireless LED indicator flickering red and blue. To solve this problem, do:<br />
echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::tx/trigger"<br />
echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::rx/trigger"<br />
<br />
For alternatives, look [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=618232 here].}}<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=If you find web pages randomly loading very slow in Firefox/Opera/Chromium, or if the adapter has problems leasing an IP, try to switch from hardware to software encryption:<br />
rmmod ath5k<br />
modprobe ath5k nohwcrypt<br />
<br />
And restart your connection. If it helps, make the change permanent by adding into {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/010-ath5k.conf}}:<br />
options ath5k nohwcrypt<br />
<br />
More about modprobe options: [[Modprobe#Options]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====ath9k====<br />
{{ic|ath9k}} is Atheros' officially supported driver for the newer 802.11n chipsets. All of the chips with 802.11n capabilities are supported, with a maximum throughput around 180 Mbps. To see a complete list of supported hardware, check this [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k page].<br />
<br />
Working modes: Station, AP and Adhoc.<br />
<br />
{{ic|ath9k}} has been part of the Linux kernel as of v2.6.27. (In the unlikely event that you have stability issues that trouble you, you could try using the [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Download compat-wireless] package.<br />
An [https://lists.ath9k.org/mailman/listinfo/ath9k-devel ath9k mailing list] exists for support and development related discussions.)<br />
<br />
Info:<br />
* http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k<br />
* http://wiki.debian.org/ath9k<br />
<br />
====ath9k_htc====<br />
{{ic|ath9k_htc}} is Atheros' officially supported driver for 802.11n USB devices. Station and Ad-Hoc modes are supported. The driver is included in the kernel. For more information, see http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k_htc .<br />
<br />
====ipw2100 and ipw2200====<br />
These modules are fully supported in the kernel, but they require additional firmware. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
Depending on which of the chipsets you have, [[pacman|install]] either {{Pkg|ipw2100-fw}} or {{Pkg|ipw2200-fw}}.<br />
<br />
If installing after initial Arch Linux installation, the module may need to be reloaded for the firmware to be loaded; run the following as root:<br />
rmmod ipw2200<br />
modprobe ipw2200<br />
<br />
=====Enabling the radiotap interface=====<br />
Launch the following as root:<br />
rmmod ipw2200<br />
modprobe ipw2200 rtap_iface=1<br />
<br />
=====Enabling the LED=====<br />
Most laptops will have a front LED to indicate when the wireless is connected (or not). Add the following to {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/ipw2200.conf}}:<br />
options ipw2200 led=1<br />
<br />
====iwl3945, iwl4965 and iwl5000-series====<br />
'''I'''ntel's open source '''W'''i-Fi drivers for '''L'''inux (See [http://intellinuxwireless.org iwlwifi]) will work for both the 3945 and 4965 chipsets since kernel 2.6.24. And iwl5000-series chipsets (including 5100BG, 5100ABG, 5100AGN, 5300AGN and 5350AGN) have been supported since '''kernel 2.6.27''', by the in-tree driver '''iwlagn'''.<br />
<br />
Since the 2.6.34 kernel update, the firmware files were moved to the {{ic|linux-firmware}} package. Manually installing firmware packages is not required.<br />
<br />
=====Loading the Driver=====<br />
[[udev]] should load the driver automatically. To manually load the driver at start-up, read [[Kernel modules#Loading]], and add {{ic|iwl3945}} or {{ic|iwl4965}} respectively to the new file. For example:<br />
# Load Intel Wi-Fi modules<br />
iwl3945<br />
<br />
The drivers should now load after a reboot, and running {{ic|ip addr}} from a terminal should report ''wlan0'' as a new network interface.<br />
<br />
=====Disabling LED blink=====<br />
<br />
The default settings on the module are to have the LED blink on activity. Some people find this extremely annoying. To have the LED on solid when Wi-Fi is active:<br />
<br />
# echo 'w /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger - - - - phy0radio' > /etc/tmpfiles.d/phy0-led.conf<br />
# systemd-tmpfiles --create phy0-led.conf<br />
<br />
To see all the possible trigger values for this LED:<br />
<br />
# cat /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger<br />
<br />
Here is an example for the old way, if you do not have {{ic|/sys/class/leds/phy0-led}}:<br />
<br />
# echo "options iwlcore led_mode=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf<br />
# rmmod iwlagn<br />
# rmmod iwlcore<br />
# modprobe iwlcore<br />
# modprobe iwlagn<br />
<br />
On Linux kernels 2.6.39.1-1 and up, the {{ic|iwlcore}} module was deprecated. Use {{ic|1=options iwlagn led_mode=1}} or {{ic|1=options iwl_legacy led_mode=1}} instead (find out what module is loaded with {{ic|lsmod}}).<br />
<br />
{{Note| iwl_legacy was renamed iwlegacy in Linux kernel 3.3.1. For this version, use {{ic|1=options iwlegacy led_mode=1}}.}}<br />
<br />
=====Other Notes=====<br />
* The MS Windows NETw4x32 driver can be used with ndiswrapper as an alternative to the {{ic|iwl3945}} and {{ic|ipw3945}} drivers.<br />
* In some cases (specifically a [[Dell Latitude D620]] with Arch 2008.06, though it could happen elsewhere), after installation you may have both {{ic|iwl3945}} and {{ic|ipw3945}} modules loaded. The card will not work with both modules loaded, so you will have to [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the {{ic|ipw3945}} module.<br />
* By default, {{ic|iwl3945}} is configured to only work with networks on channels 1-11. Higher frequency bands are not allowed in some parts of the world (e.g. the US). In the EU however, channels 12 and 13 are used quite commonly (and Japan allows for channel 14). To make {{ic|iwl3945}} scan for all channels, add {{ic|1=options cfg80211 ieee80211_regdom=EU}} to {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf}}. With {{ic|iwlist f}} you can check which channels are allowed.<br />
* If you want to enable more channels on Intel Wifi 5100 (and quite possible other cards too), you can do that with the {{pkg|crda}} package. After installing the package, edit {{ic|/etc/conf.d/wireless-regdom}} and uncomment the line where your country code is found. When executing {{ic|sudo iwlist wlan0 channel}}, you should now have access to more channels (depending on your location).<br />
<br />
====orinoco====<br />
This should be a part of the kernel package and be installed already.<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=Some Orinoco chipsets are Hermes I/II. You can use the AUR package {{AUR|wl_lkm}} to replace the {{ic|orinoco}} driver and gain WPA support. See [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=2154534#post2154534 this post] for more information.}}<br />
<br />
To use the driver, [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] {{ic|orinoco_cs}}, and then add {{ic|wlags49_h1_cs}}.<br />
<br />
====ndiswrapper====<br />
Ndiswrapper is not a real driver, but you can use it when there are no native Linux kernel drivers for your wireless chipset, so it is very useful in some situations. To use it, you need the {{ic|*.inf}} file from your Windows driver (the {{ic|*.sys}} file must also be present in the same directory). Be sure to use drivers appropriate to your architecture (e.g. 32/64bit). If you need to extract these files from an {{ic|*.exe}} file, you can use {{pkg|cabextract}}.<br />
<br />
Follow these steps to configure ndiswrapper.<br />
<br />
1. Install the driver to {{ic|/etc/ndiswrapper/*}}<br />
ndiswrapper -i filename.inf<br />
2. List all installed drivers for ndiswrapper<br />
ndiswrapper -l<br />
3. Write configuration file in {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/ndiswrapper.conf}}<br />
ndiswrapper -m<br />
depmod -a<br />
<br />
Now the ndiswrapper install is almost finished; follow the instructions on [[Kernel modules#Loading]] to automatically load the module at boot.<br />
<br />
The important part is making sure that ndiswrapper exists on this line, so just add it alongside the other modules. It would be best to test that ndiswrapper will load now, so:<br />
modprobe ndiswrapper<br />
iwconfig<br />
<br />
and ''wlan0'' should now exist. Check this page if you are having problems:<br />
[http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/joomla/index.php?/component/option,com_openwiki/Itemid,33/id,installation/ Ndiswrapper installation wiki].<br />
<br />
====prism54====<br />
Download the firmware driver for your appropriate card from [http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/p54 this site]. Rename the firmware file to {{ic|isl3890}}.<br />
If non-existent, create the directory {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware}} and move the file {{ic|isl3890}} inside it. This should do the trick. [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=16569&start=0&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight=siocsifflags+such+file++directory]<br />
<br />
If that did not work, try this:<br />
<br />
*Reload the prism module ({{ic|modprobe p54usb}} or {{ic|modprobe p54pci}}, depending on your hardware)<br />
Alternatively, remove your Wi-Fi card and then reconnect it.<br />
*Use the {{ic|dmesg}} command, and look at the end of the output it prints out.<br />
Look for a section similar to this: <br />
firmware: requesting '''isl3887usb_bare'''<br />
p54: LM86 firmware<br />
p54: FW rev 2.5.8.0 - Softmac protocol 3.0<br />
and try renaming the firmware file to the name corresponding to the part bolded here.<br />
<br />
If you get the message <br />
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not permitted<br />
when performing {{ic|ip link set wlan0 up}} OR <br />
prism54: Your card/socket may be faulty, or IRQ line too busy :(<br />
appears in {{ic|dmesg}}'s output this may be because you have both the deprecated kernel module {{ic|prism54}} and one of the newer kernel modules ({{ic|p54pci}} or {{ic|p54usb}}) loaded at the same time and they are fighting over ownership of the IRQ. Use the command {{ic|<nowiki>lsmod | grep prism54</nowiki>}} to see if the deprecated module is being loaded. If so, you need to stop {{ic|prism54}} from loading by [[blacklisting]] it (there are several ways to do this which are described elsewhere). Once blacklisted, you may find you have to rename the firmware as {{ic|prism54}} and {{ic|p54pci}}/{{ic|p54usb}} look for different firmware filenames (i.e. recheck the {{ic|dmesg}} output after performing {{ic|ip link set eth0 up}}).<br />
<br />
====ACX100/111====<br />
Packages: {{ic|tiacx}} {{ic|tiacx-firmware}}<br />
<br />
The driver should tell you which firmware it needs; check {{ic|/var/log/messages.log}} or use the {{ic|dmesg}} command.<br />
<br />
Link the appropriate firmware to {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware}}:<br />
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx111_2.3.1.31/tiacx111c16 /usr/lib/firmware<br />
<br />
For another way to determine which firmware revision number to use, see the [http://acx100.sourceforge.net/wiki/Firmware "Which firmware" section] of the acx100.sourceforge wiki. For ACX100, you can follow the links provided there to a table of card model numbers vs. "firmware files known to work"; you can figure out the rev. number you need, by looking at the suffix there. For example, a dlink_dwl650+ uses "1.9.8.b", in which case you would do this:<br />
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx100_1.9.8.b/* /usr/lib/firmware<br />
<br />
If you find that the driver is spamming your kernel log, for example because you are running Kismet with channel-hopping, you could put this in {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf}}:<br />
options acx debug=0<br />
<br />
{{Note|The open-source {{ic|acx}} driver does not support WPA/RSN encryption. Ndiswrapper will have to be used with the Windows driver to enable the enhanced encryption. See ndiswrapper, this page, for more details.}}<br />
<br />
==== b43, broadcom-wl and brcmsmac (previously brcm80211)====<br />
See the [[Broadcom_wireless|Broadcom wireless]] page.<br />
<br />
====zd1211rw====<br />
[http://zd1211.wiki.sourceforge.net/ {{ic|zd1211rw}}] is a driver for the ZyDAS ZD1211 802.11b/g USB WLAN chipset, and it is included in recent versions of the Linux kernel. See [http://www.linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/zd1211rw/devices] for a list of supported devices. You only need to [[pacman|install]] the firmware for the device, provided by the {{Pkg|zd1211-firmware}} package.<br />
<br />
====carl9170====<br />
[http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/carl9170/ {{ic|carl9170}}] is the 802.11n USB driver with GPLv2 firmware for Atheros USB AR9170 devices. It supports these [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/carl9170#available_devices devices]. The '''firmware''' is not yet part of the {{Pkg|linux-firmware}} package; it is available in the [[AUR]] ({{AUR|carl9170-fw}}). The '''driver''' is a part of the Linux kernel v2.6.37 and higher.<br />
<br />
In order to use this driver, the following older driver modules must be [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklisted]]:<br />
*{{ic|arusb_lnx}}<br />
*{{ic|ar9170usb}}<br />
<br />
====hostap_cs====<br />
Host AP is the Linux driver for Prism2/2.5/3 like WCP11. {{ic|hostap_cs}} should be a part of the {{ic|linux}} package and should be installed already.<br />
<br />
{{ic|orinico_cs}} can cause problems, so it must be [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklisted]]. After blacklisting, the driver should work.<br />
<br />
More information:[http://hostap.epitest.fi/ Home page]<br />
<br />
====compat-drivers-patched====<br />
Patched compat wireless drivers correct the "fixed-channel -1" issue, whilst providing better injection. Please install the {{AUR|compat-drivers-patched}} package from the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]].<br />
<br />
{{AUR|compat-drivers-patched}} does not conflict with any other package and the modules built reside in {{ic|/usr/lib/modules/''your_kernel_version''/updates}}.<br />
<br />
These patched drivers come from the [http://wireless.kernel.org/ Linux Wireless project] and support many of the above mentioned chips such as:<br />
<br />
ath5k ath9k_htc carl9170 b43 zd1211rw rt2x00 wl1251 wl12xx ath6kl brcm80211<br />
<br />
Supported groups:<br />
<br />
atheros ath iwlagn rtl818x rtlwifi wl12xx atlxx bt<br />
<br />
It is also possible to build a specific module/driver or a group of drivers by editing the [[PKGBUILD]], particularly uncommenting the '''line #46'''. Here is an example of building the atheros group:<br />
<br />
scripts/driver-select atheros<br />
<br />
Please read the package's [[PKGBUILD]] for any other possible modifications prior to compilation and installation.<br />
<br />
{{Note|{{AUR|compat-drivers-patched}} has reached EOL, use {{AUR|backports-patched}} package from the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]] instead}}<br />
<br />
===Test installation===<br />
After loading your driver, run {{ic|ip link}} to ensure a wireless interface (e.g. ''wlanX'', ''ethX'', ''athX'') is created.<br />
<br />
If no such interface is visible, modprobing it might work. To start your driver, use the {{ic|rmmod}} and {{ic|modprobe}} commands. If {{ic|rmmod}} fails, continue with {{ic|modprobe}}. See [[Kernel modules]] for more info.<br />
<br />
Example: If your driver is called "driverXXX", you would run the following commands:<br />
# rmmod driverXXX<br />
# modprobe driverXXX<br />
<br />
Bring the interface up with {{ic|ip link set <interface> up}}. For example, assuming the interface is ''wlan0'':<br />
# ip link set wlan0 up<br />
<br />
If you get this error message: {{ic|SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory}}, it most certainly means your wireless chipset requires a firmware to function, which you need to install as explained above.<br />
<br />
==Part II: Wireless management==<br />
Assuming that your drivers are installed and working properly, you will need to choose a method for managing your wireless connections. The following subsections will help you decide the best way to do just that.<br />
<br />
Procedure and tools required will depend on several factors:<br />
* The desired nature of configuration management; from a completely manual command line setup procedure to a software-managed, automated solution.<br />
* The encryption type (or lack thereof) which protects the wireless network.<br />
* The need for network profiles, if the computer will frequently change networks (such as a laptop).<br />
<br />
The manual method requires more work from you, but gives you much more control over your configuration.<br />
Usually you will have to enter a set of commands which have no persistant effect, i.e. they won't apply after a reboot.<br />
Either you enter those commands on every boot which may be quite cumbersome, or you put all these commands in a shell script to automate the process. This script can even be executed automatically at boot time. See [[Arch Boot Process]].<br />
<br />
===Management methods===<br />
The following table shows the different methods that can be used to activate and manage a wireless network connection, depending on the encryption and management types, and the various tools that are required. Although there may be other possibilities, these are the most frequently used:<br />
{| border="1"<br />
! Management || No encryption/WEP || WPA/WPA2 PSK<br />
|-<br />
| Manual || {{pkg|iproute2}} + {{ic|iwconfig}} + {{ic|dhcpcd}}/{{ic|iproute2}} || {{ic|iproute2}} + {{ic|iwconfig}} + [[WPA supplicant|wpa_supplicant]] + {{ic|dhcpcd}}/{{ic|iproute2}}<br />
|-<br />
| Automatically managed, with network profiles support || colspan="2" align="center" | [[netctl]], [[netcfg]], [[Wicd]], [[NetworkManager]], etc.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
More choice guide: <br />
{| border="1"<br />
! Management || Auto connect at boot || Auto connect if dropped <br>or changed location || support 3G Modem || GUI || Console tools<br />
|-<br />
| [[Netctl]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|netctl}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Netcfg]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|wifi-select}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wicd]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|wicd-curses}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[NetworkManager]] +<br> {{pkg|network-manager-applet}} || Yes || Yes || Yes || Yes || {{ic|nmcli}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Please note that the Linux wireless extensions and corresponding commands like {{ic|iwconfig}} or {{ic|iwlist}} have become deprecated and are replaced by {{ic|iw}}, which has to be installed seperately from the core-repository. This is not fully reflected in this wiki yet and both still work. A comparison of common commands is found on [http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Documentation/iw/replace-iwconfig Linuxwireless].<br />
<br />
{{Tip|<br />
*Whatever your choice, '''you should try to connect using the manual method first'''. This will help you understand the different steps that are required and debug them in case a problem arose.<br />
*If possible (e.g. if you manage your Wi-Fi access point), try connecting with no encryption, to check everything works. Then try using encryption, either WEP (simpler to configure -- but crackable in a matter of seconds, so it is hardly more secure than an unencrypted connection), WPA, or WPA2.}}<br />
<br />
When it comes to ease of use, NetworkManager (with GNOME's {{pkg|network-manager-applet}}) and {{ic|wicd}} have good GUI's and can provide a list of available networks to connect, and they prompt for passwords, which is straightforward and highly recommended. WPA Supplicant has also a GUI configuration tool, {{pkg|wpa_supplicant_gui}}.<br />
<br />
{{Note|GNOME's {{pkg|network-manager-applet}} also works under [[Xfce]] if you install {{AUR|xfce4-xfapplet-plugin}} first. {{AUR|xfce4-xfapplet-plugin}} is in the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]], but it is orphaned and may not work. Additionally, there are applets available for [[KDE]].}}<br />
<br />
===Manual setup===<br />
The programs provided by the package {{pkg|wireless_tools}} are the basic set of tools to set up a wireless network. Additionally the {{pkg|iw}} package provides the new tool. Moreover, if you use WPA/WPA2 encryption, you will need the package {{pkg|wpa_supplicant}}. These powerful user-space console tools work extremely well and allow complete, manual control from the shell.<br />
<br />
These examples assume your wireless device is ''wlan0''. Replace ''wlan0'' with the appropriate device name.<br />
{{Note|Depending on your hardware and encryption type, some of these steps may not be necessary. Some cards are known to require interface activation and/or access point scanning before being associated to an access point and being given an IP address. Some experimentation may be required. For instance, WPA/WPA2 users may directly try to activate their wireless network from step 3.}}<br />
<br />
====Operating mode====<br />
''(Optional, may be required)'' At this step you may need to set the proper operating mode of the wireless card. More specifically, if you are going to connect an ad-hoc network, you might need to set the operating mode to ''ad-hoc:''<br />
<br />
# iw wlan0 set type ibss<br />
<br />
{{Note|Ideally, you should already know which type of network you are going to connect to. If you do not, scan the network as described in step 2 below, then, if necessary, return back to this step and change the mode. Also, please keep in mind that changing the operating mode might require the wireless interface to be ''down'' ({{ic|ip link set wlan0 down}}).}}<br />
<br />
====Interface activation====<br />
''(Also optional, may be required)'' Some cards require that the kernel interface be activated before you can use the {{ic|wireless_tools}}:<br />
# ip link set wlan0 up<br />
<br />
====Access point discovery====<br />
See what access points are available:<br />
# iw dev wlan0 scan | less<br />
or<br />
$ iwlist wlan0 scanning | less<br />
{{Note|If it displays "''Interface doesn't support scanning''" then you probably forgot to install the firmware. You can also try bringing up the interface first as shown in point 1. In some cases this message is also displayed when not running iw as root. <br />
Also, your wireless network card may be soft-blocked. Try getting {{pkg|rfkill}} and running {{ic|rfkill list all}} to check.}}<br />
<br />
The important points to check:<br />
* ESSID: the "name" of the access point.<br />
* Quality: in general try something above 40/70.<br />
* Encryption key: if it is "on", check if you can see any line regarding<br />
** WEP, WPA, or RSN. Note that RSN and WPA2 are different names for the protocol.<br />
** Group cipher: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others.<br />
** Pairwise ciphers: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others. Not necessarily the same value than Group cipher.<br />
** Authentication Suites: value in PSK, 802.1x, others. For home router, you'll usually find PSK (''i.e.'' passphrase). In universities, you are more likely to find 802.1x suite which requires login and password. Then you will need to know which key management is in use (e.g. EAP), and what encapsulation it uses (e.g. PEAP). Find more details at [[Wikipedia:List_of_authentication_protocols]] and the sub-articles.<br />
<br />
====Association====<br />
Depending on the encryption, you need to associate your wireless device with the access point to use and pass the encryption key.<br />
<br />
Assuming you want to use the ESSID {{ic|MyEssid}}:<br />
{{Note|The essid is usually just the name of the network you want to connect to.}}<br />
* '''No encryption'''<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid"<br />
Or, alternatively, for the new netlink interface<br />
# iw wlan0 connect MyEssid<br />
* '''WEP'''<br />
using a hexadecimal key:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key 1234567890<br />
using an ASCII key:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key s:asciikey<br />
* '''WPA/WPA2'''<br />
<br />
You need to edit the {{ic|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf}} file as described in [[WPA_Supplicant]] and according to what you got from [[#Access point discovery]]. Then, issue this command:<br />
# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
<br />
This is assuming your device uses the {{ic|wext}} driver. If this does not work, you may need to adjust these options. <br />
If connected successfully, continue in a new terminal (or quit {{ic|wpa_supplicant}} with {{Keypress|Ctrl+c}} and add the {{ic|-B}} switch to the above command to run it in the background). [[WPA_Supplicant]] contains more information and troubleshooting.<br />
<br />
Regardless of the method used, you can check if you have associated successfully as follows:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0<br />
Or, alternatively, for the new netlink interface<br />
# iw dev wlan0 link<br />
<br />
{{Note|In some setups it may still display "Access Point: Not-Associated", continue on to the next step.}}<br />
<br />
====Getting an IP address====<br />
Finally, provide an IP address to the network interface. Simple examples are:<br />
# dhcpcd wlan0<br />
for DHCP, or<br />
# ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev wlan0<br />
# ip route add default via 192.168.0.1<br />
for static IP addressing.<br />
<br />
{{Note|If you get a timeout error due to a ''waiting for carrier'' problem, then you might have to set the channel mode to {{ic|auto}} for the specific device.}}<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 channel auto <br />
Before changing the channel to auto, make sure your wireless interface (in this case, 'wlan0') is '''down'''. After it has successfully changed it, you can again bring the interface up and continue from there.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Although the manual configuration method will help troubleshoot wireless problems, you will have to re-type every command each time you reboot. You can also quickly write a shell script to automate the whole process, which is still a quite convenient way of managing networks while keeping full control over your configuration.}}<br />
<br />
====Manual wireless connection at boot using systemd and dhcpcd====<br />
To have [[systemd]] connect to a manually configured wireless network at boot:<br />
<br />
Create {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}} to store your interface or static IP settings in:<br />
{{hc|/etc/conf.d/network|<nowiki><br />
interface=wlan0<br />
address=192.168.0.10<br />
netmask=24<br />
broadcast=192.168.0.255<br />
gateway=192.168.0.1<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Create a systemctl unit e.g: {{ic|/etc/systemd/system/network.service}}. This example uses dhcpcd and [[WPA supplicant]].<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-${interface}.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-${interface}.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev ${interface} up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ${interface} -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dhcpcd ${interface}<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Or without {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}}:<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-wlan0.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-wlan0.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev wlan0 up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dhcpcd wlan0<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Do not forget to enable it!<br />
# systemctl enable network<br />
<br />
To test, reboot or make sure all other network daemons are stopped and then issue as superuser<br />
# systemctl start network<br />
<br />
====Systemd with wpa_supplicant and static IP====<br />
This example configuration uses the new systemd-197 interface naming scheme.<br />
<br />
See http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames<br />
<br />
https://mailman.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-dev-public/2013-January/024231.html<br />
<br />
Run this script as non-root to find your interface names:<br />
<br />
for i in /sys/class/net/*; do<br />
echo "==$i"<br />
udevadm test-builtin net_id "$i";<br />
echo<br />
done 2>/dev/null<br />
<br />
Create {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}}<br />
{{hc|/etc/conf.d/network|<nowiki><br />
address=192.168.0.10<br />
netmask=24<br />
broadcast=192.168.0.255<br />
gateway=192.168.0.1<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Install {{ic|wpa_supplicant}} and create {{ic|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf}}. See [[WPA supplicant]]<br />
{{hc|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf|<nowiki><br />
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=network<br />
update_config=1<br />
network={<br />
ssid="My-Wireless"<br />
psk=b705a6bfcd5639d5c40cd972cd4048cfb94572987f30d324c82036317b91a138<br />
}<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Create a systemd unit file containing the name of the interface: {{ic|/etc/systemd/system/network@wlp0s26f7u3.service}}<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network@wlp0s26f7u3.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity (%i)<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i %i -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip addr add ${address}/${netmask} broadcast ${broadcast} dev %i<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip route add default via ${gateway}<br />
ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip addr flush dev %i<br />
ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i down<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Enable the unit and start it.<br />
# systemctl enable network@wlp0s26f7u3.service<br />
# systemctl start network@wlp0s26f7u3.service<br />
<br />
===Automatic setup===<br />
There are many solutions to choose from, but remember that all of them are mutually exclusive; you should not run two daemons simultaneously.<br />
<br />
====Netctl====<br />
{{ic|netctl}} is a replacement for netcfg designed to work with systemd.<br />
<br />
See: [[Netctl]]<br />
<br />
====Netcfg====<br />
{{ic|netcfg}} provides a ''versatile, robust and fast'' solution to networking on Arch Linux.<br />
<br />
netcfg uses a profile based setup and is capable of detection and connection to a wide range of network types. This is no harder than using graphical tools.<br />
<br />
See: [[Netcfg]]<br />
<br />
====Wicd====<br />
Wicd is a network manager that can handle both wireless and wired connections. It is written in Python and Gtk with fewer dependencies than NetworkManager, making it an ideal solution for lightweight desktop users. Wicd is available in the [[Official Repositories|official repositories]].<br />
<br />
See: [[Wicd]]<br />
<br />
====NetworkManager====<br />
NetworkManager is an advanced network management tool that is enabled by default in most popular GNU/Linux distributions. In addition to managing wired connections, NetworkManager provides worry-free wireless roaming with an easy-to-use GUI program for selecting your desired network. <br />
<br />
If you do not use [[GNOME]] but use a window manager like [[Openbox]] or [[xmonad]], do not forget to [[pacman|install]] {{Pkg|polkit-gnome}}, {{Pkg|gnome-keyring}}, {{Pkg|libgnome-keyring}}, and {{Pkg|pyxdg}} to manage WEP, WPA, and WPA2 connections.<br />
<br />
See: [[NetworkManager]]<br />
<br />
====WiFi Radar====<br />
WiFi Radar is a Python/PyGTK2 utility for managing wireless profiles (and ''only'' wireless). It enables you to scan for available networks and create profiles for your preferred networks.<br />
<br />
See: [[Wifi Radar]]<br />
<br />
====wlassistant====<br />
wlassistant is a very intuitive and straight-forward GUI application for managing your wireless connections. <br />
<br />
Install the {{AUR|wlassistant}} package from the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]].<br />
<br />
wlassistant must be run with root privileges:<br />
# wlassistant<br />
<br />
{{out of date|References {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}} which is deprecated and does not give clear instructions for configuration outside of {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}.}}<br />
One method of using wlassistant is to configure your wireless card within {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}, specifying the access point you use most often. On start-up, your card will automatically be configured for this ESSID, but if other wireless networks are needed/available, {{ic|wlassistant}} can then be invoked to access them. Background the {{ic|network}} daemon in {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}, by prefixing it with a {{ic|@}} to avoid boot-up delays.<br />
<br />
==Power saving==<br />
<br />
See [[Power_saving#Wireless_power_saving]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Sharing PPP Connection]]<br />
*[[Ad-hoc networking]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ NetworkManager] -- The official website for NetworkManager<br />
*[http://wicd.sourceforge.net/ WICD] -- The official website for WICD<br />
*[http://wifi-radar.berlios.de/ WiFi Radar] -- WiFi Radar information page<br />
*[http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo The MadWifi project's method of installing] -- Recommended if you are having trouble after reading this article</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Network_configuration/Wireless&diff=265237Network configuration/Wireless2013-07-06T05:19:58Z<p>LucidComplex: /* compat-drivers-patched */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Wireless Networking]]<br />
[[cs:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[de:(W)LAN_und_Arch_Linux]]<br />
[[es:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[fr:Wifi]]<br />
[[it:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[ja:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[nl:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[ro:Wireless]]<br />
[[ru:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[th:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[tr:Kablosuz_bağlantı]]<br />
[[zh-CN:Wireless Setup]]<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|A complete guide to enabling and configuring wireless networking.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Overview}}<br />
{{Article summary text|{{Networking overview}}}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
{{Poor writing|Article too large, drivers specific guidelines should be moved to a dedicated page.}}<br />
{{Out of date|netcfg is deprecated, all references should be changed to netctl<br />
}}<br />
Configuring wireless is a two-part process; the first part is to identify and ensure the correct driver for your wireless device is installed (they are available on the installation media, so make sure you install them), and to configure the interface. The second is choosing a method of managing wireless connections. This article covers both parts, and provides additional links to wireless management tools.<br />
<br />
'''About new Arch Linux systems:''' Most wireless drivers and tools are available during Arch set-up under the {{grp|base}} group. Be sure to install the proper driver for your card. [[Udev]] will usually load the appropriate module, thereby creating the wireless interface, in the initial live system of the installer, as well as the newly installed system on your hard drive. If you are configuring your wireless functionality after, and not during, Arch Linux installation, simply ensure the required packages are installed with [[pacman]], (driver, firmware if needed, {{Pkg|wireless_tools}}, {{Pkg|iw}}, {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}, etc.) and follow the guidelines below. Note that {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} may be optional depending on how recent your wireless hardware is.<br />
<br />
== Part I: Identify Card/Install Driver ==<br />
<br />
=== Identify and Discover if Supported ===<br />
<br />
First you will need to check and see if the Linux kernel has support for your card or if a user-space driver is available for it.<br />
<br />
==== Identify your card ====<br />
<br />
You can find your card type by command:<br />
# lspci | grep -i net<br />
<br />
Or, if you have a USB device, run:<br />
# lsusb<br />
<br />
{{Note|The internal Wi-Fi card in some laptops may actually be a USB device, so make sure you check both commands.}}<br />
<br />
==== Discover if the card is supported ====<br />
<br />
* The [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported Ubuntu Wiki] has a good list of wireless cards and whether or not they are supported either in the Linux kernel or by a user-space driver (includes driver name).<br />
* [http://linux-wless.passys.nl/ Linux Wireless Support] and The Linux Questions' [http://www.linuxquestions.org/hcl/index.php?cat=10 Hardware Compatibility List] (HCL) also have a good database of kernel-friendly hardware. <br />
* The [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Devices kernel page] additionally has a matrix of supported hardware.<br />
<br />
==== If your card is not listed ====<br />
<br />
If your wireless hardware is not listed above, likely it is supported only under Windows (some Broadcom, 3com, etc). For these, you will need to use [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/List ndiswrapper]. <br />
<br />
Ndiswrapper is a wrapper script that allows you to use some Windows drivers in Linux. See the compatibility list [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List here]. You will need the {{ic|.inf}} and {{ic|.sys}} files from your Windows install. If you have a newer card, or a more exotic card, you might want to look up your exact model name and 'linux' and search the Internet before doing this step.<br />
<br />
===Install user space tools ===<br />
<br />
====If you have wired Internet access available====<br />
If you have wired Ethernet available and are simply adding wireless functionality to an existing system, and you did not include {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} during initial installation, then [[pacman|install]] the package {{Pkg|wireless_tools}}.<br />
<br />
{{Note|{{Pkg|wireless_tools}} may not be required depending on the age of your hardware and whether your hardware/drivers support {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}. If your configuration is supported well enough to work using only {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}, then it is recommended to stick with wpa_supplicant only.}}<br />
<br />
The drivers' corresponding package names are either highlighted in '''bold''' or via {{ic|monospaced font}} on this page. The packages can be installed during initial package selection on the Arch Linux installation media and can also be [[pacman|installed]] later.<br />
<br />
====If you have only wireless internet available====<br />
The {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} package is now available as part of the base system and is also on the live installation media (CD/USB stick image) under the [[Beginners%27_Guide#Install_the_base_system|base-devel]] group. <br />
<br />
You cannot initialize wireless hardware without these user-space tools, so ensure they are installed from the [[Beginners%27_Guide#Install_the_base_system|installer media]], especially if you have no means of networking other than wirelessly. Otherwise, you will be stuck in a "catch 22" when you reboot your newly installed Arch Linux system: you will need {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} and drivers, but in order to get them, you will need {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} and drivers.<br />
<br />
===Drivers and firmware===<br />
<br />
The default Arch Linux kernel is ''modular'', meaning many of the drivers for machine hardware reside on the hard drive and are available as ''[[Kernel modules|modules]]''. At boot, [[udev]] takes an inventory of your hardware. Udev will load appropriate modules (drivers) for your corresponding hardware, and the driver, in turn, will allow creation of a kernel ''interface''. <br />
<br />
The interface name for different drivers and chipsets will vary. Some examples are ''wlan0'', ''eth1'', and ''ath0''.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Udev is not perfect. If the proper module is not loaded by udev on boot, simply {{ic|modprobe}} it and add the module name in a {{ic|.conf}} file in {{ic|/etc/modules-load.d/}}. Note also that udev may occasionally load more than one driver for a device, and the resulting conflict will prevent successful configuration. Be sure to [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the unwanted module.}}<br />
<br />
Methods and procedures for installing kernel modules for various chipsets are covered below. In addition, certain chipsets require the installation of corresponding ''firmware'' (also covered below). Read [[Kernel modules]] for general informations on operations with modules.<br />
<br />
====rt2860 and rt2870====<br />
<br />
From Linux kernel 3.0, the staging driver {{ic|rt2860sta}} is replaced by the mainline driver {{ic|rt2800pci}}, and {{ic|rt2870sta}} is replaced by {{ic|rt2800usb}}. As a result, the staging drivers are deleted. Source: [https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commitdiff;h=fefecc6989b4b24276797270c0e229c07be02ad3 Kernel commit]. The rt2800 driver automatically works with devices using the rt2870 chipset.<br />
<br />
It has a wide range of options that can be configured with {{ic|iwpriv}}. These are documented in the [http://web.ralinktech.com/ralink/Home/Support/Linux.html source tarballs] available from Ralink.<br />
<br />
====rt3090====<br />
For devices which are using the rt3090 chipset it should be possible to use {{ic|rt2860sta}} driver. The mainline driver {{ic|rt2800pci}} is not working with this chipset very well (e.g. sometimes it's not possible to use higher rate than 2Mb/s).<br />
<br />
The best way is to use the {{AUR|rt3090}} driver from [[AUR]]. Compile the {{AUR|rt3090}} driver from [[AUR]], delete/move the /etc/Wireless/RT2860STA/RT2860STA.dat firmware file to allow installation of the compiled RT3090 package, [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the rt2860sta module and setup the rt3090sta module to [[Kernel modules#Loading|load]] at boot.<br />
<br />
Note: This driver also works for rt3062 chipsets.<br />
<br />
====rt3290====<br />
The rt3290 chipset is recognised by the kernel {{ic|rt2800pci}} module. However, some users experience problems and reverting to a patched Ralink driver seems to be beneficial in these [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=161952 cases].<br />
<br />
====rt2x00====<br />
Unified driver for Ralink chipsets (replaces {{ic|rt2500}}, {{ic|rt61}}, {{ic|rt73}}, etc). This driver has been in the Linux kernel since 2.6.24, but some devices may require extra firmware. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
Some chips require a firmware file, which is installed by default in Arch Linux via the package {{Pkg|linux-firmware}}.<br />
<br />
See: [[Using the new rt2x00 beta driver]]<br />
<br />
====rt3573====<br />
New chipset as of 2012. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink. Different manufacturers use it, see [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1164228#p1164228 Belkin N750 example]<br />
====rt5572====<br />
New chipset as of 2012 with support for 5 Ghz bands. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink and some effort to compile them. At the time of writing a how-to on compilation is available for a DLINK DWA-160 rev. B2 [http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/229-ubuntu-precise-dlink-dwa160-revb2 here].<br />
<br />
====w322u====<br />
Treat this Tenda card as an {{ic|rt2870sta}} device. See: [[rt2870]]<br />
<br />
====rtl8180====<br />
Realtek rtl8180 PCI/Cardbus 802.11b is now fully supported in the kernel. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
====rtl8187====<br />
See: [[Rtl8187_wireless|rtl8187]]<br />
<br />
====rtl8192cu====<br />
<br />
The driver is now in the kernel, but many users have reported being unable to make a connection although scanning for networks does work.<br />
<br />
The {{AUR|dkms-8192cu}} package in the AUR may be a better choice for some users.<br />
<br />
====rtl8192e====<br />
<br />
The driver is part of the current kernel package. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
{{Note|[[wicd]] may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while [[NetworkManager]] appears to work better.}}<br />
<br />
=====Module initialization fails=====<br />
<br />
The module initialization may fail at boot giving this error message : <br />
<br />
rtl819xE:ERR in CPUcheck_firmware_ready()<br />
rtl819xE:ERR in init_firmware() step 2<br />
rtl819xE:ERR!!! _rtl8192_up(): initialization is failed!<br />
r8169 0000:03:00.0: eth0: link down<br />
<br />
A workaround is to simply unload the module: <br />
# modprobe -r r8192e_pci<br />
and reload the module (after a pause): <br />
# modprobe r8192e_pci<br />
<br />
====rtl8192s====<br />
<br />
The driver is part of the current kernel package. Firmware may need to be added manually if {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin}} does not exist. ({{ic|dmesg}} will report ''"rtl819xU:FirmwareRequest92S(): failed"'' if the firmware is missing)<br />
<br />
To download and install firmware:<br />
$ wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/33927923/rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz<br />
# mkdir /lib/firmware/RTL8192SU<br />
# tar -xzOf rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz \<br />
rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009/firmware/RTL8192SE/rtl8192sfw.bin > \<br />
/lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin<br />
<br />
{{Note|An alternate version of the firmware may be found [http://launchpadlibrarian.net/37387612/rtl8192sfw.bin.gz here], but this version may cause dropped connections.}}<br />
<br />
{{Note|[[wicd]] may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while [[NetworkManager]] appears to work better.}}<br />
<br />
====madwifi-ng====<br />
There are three modules maintained by the MadWifi team:<br />
* {{ic|ath_pci}} is the older driver.<br />
* [[#ath5k|{{ic|ath5k}}]] will eventually phase out {{ic|ath_pci}}. Currently a better choice for some chipsets, but not all chipsets are supported (see below)<br />
* [[#ath9k|{{ic|ath9k}}]] is the new, official, superior driver for newer Atheros hardware (see below)<br />
<br />
For old {{ic|ath_pci}} driver, install package {{AUR|madwifi}} and optionally {{AUR|madwifi-utils-svn}}. Then:<br />
# modprobe ath_pci<br />
<br />
If using {{ic|ath_pci}}, you may need to blacklist {{ic|ath5k}}. See [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting]] for instructions.<br />
<br />
Some users '''may need''' to use the {{ic|countrycode}} option when loading the MadWifi driver in order to use channels and transmit power settings that are legal in their country/region. In the Netherlands, for example, you would load the module like this:<br />
# modprobe ath_pci countrycode=528<br />
<br />
You can verify the settings with the {{ic|iwlist}} command. See {{ic|man iwlist}} and the [http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/CountryCode CountryCode page on the MadWifi wiki]. To have this setting automatically applied during boot, refer to [[Kernel_modules#Configuration]], and note the following module option setting:<br />
options ath_pci countrycode=528<br />
<br />
====ath5k====<br />
{{ic|ath5k}} is the preferred driver for AR5xxx chipsets including those which are already working with {{ic|madwifi-ng}} and for some chipsets older than AR5xxx. <br />
<br />
If {{ic|ath5k}} is conflicting with {{ic|ath_pci}} on your system, [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] (and unload using {{ic|rmmod}} or reboot) the following drivers:<br />
ath_hal<br />
ath_pci<br />
ath_rate_amrr<br />
ath_rate_onoe<br />
ath_rate_sample<br />
wlan<br />
wlan_acl<br />
wlan_ccmp<br />
wlan_scan_ap<br />
wlan_scan_sta<br />
wlan_tkip<br />
wlan_wep<br />
wlan_xauth<br />
<br />
then {{ic|modprobe ath5k}} manually or reboot. ''wlan0'' (or ''wlanX'') in sta mode should spawn and become ready to use.<br />
<br />
If the device is unable to lease an IP after being loaded, try {{ic|modprobe ath5k nohwcrypt<nowiki>=</nowiki>1}}. See below for details about the nohwcrypt option.<br />
<br />
Info:<br />
* http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath5k<br />
* http://wiki.debian.org/ath5k<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=Some laptop have problems with their wireless LED indicator flickering red and blue. To solve this problem, do:<br />
echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::tx/trigger"<br />
echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::rx/trigger"<br />
<br />
For alternatives, look [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=618232 here].}}<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=If you find web pages randomly loading very slow in Firefox/Opera/Chromium, or if the adapter has problems leasing an IP, try to switch from hardware to software encryption:<br />
rmmod ath5k<br />
modprobe ath5k nohwcrypt<br />
<br />
And restart your connection. If it helps, make the change permanent by adding into {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/010-ath5k.conf}}:<br />
options ath5k nohwcrypt<br />
<br />
More about modprobe options: [[Modprobe#Options]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====ath9k====<br />
{{ic|ath9k}} is Atheros' officially supported driver for the newer 802.11n chipsets. All of the chips with 802.11n capabilities are supported, with a maximum throughput around 180 Mbps. To see a complete list of supported hardware, check this [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k page].<br />
<br />
Working modes: Station, AP and Adhoc.<br />
<br />
{{ic|ath9k}} has been part of the Linux kernel as of v2.6.27. (In the unlikely event that you have stability issues that trouble you, you could try using the [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Download compat-wireless] package.<br />
An [https://lists.ath9k.org/mailman/listinfo/ath9k-devel ath9k mailing list] exists for support and development related discussions.)<br />
<br />
Info:<br />
* http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k<br />
* http://wiki.debian.org/ath9k<br />
<br />
====ath9k_htc====<br />
{{ic|ath9k_htc}} is Atheros' officially supported driver for 802.11n USB devices. Station and Ad-Hoc modes are supported. The driver is included in the kernel. For more information, see http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k_htc .<br />
<br />
====ipw2100 and ipw2200====<br />
These modules are fully supported in the kernel, but they require additional firmware. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
Depending on which of the chipsets you have, [[pacman|install]] either {{Pkg|ipw2100-fw}} or {{Pkg|ipw2200-fw}}.<br />
<br />
If installing after initial Arch Linux installation, the module may need to be reloaded for the firmware to be loaded; run the following as root:<br />
rmmod ipw2200<br />
modprobe ipw2200<br />
<br />
=====Enabling the radiotap interface=====<br />
Launch the following as root:<br />
rmmod ipw2200<br />
modprobe ipw2200 rtap_iface=1<br />
<br />
=====Enabling the LED=====<br />
Most laptops will have a front LED to indicate when the wireless is connected (or not). Add the following to {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/ipw2200.conf}}:<br />
options ipw2200 led=1<br />
<br />
====iwl3945, iwl4965 and iwl5000-series====<br />
'''I'''ntel's open source '''W'''i-Fi drivers for '''L'''inux (See [http://intellinuxwireless.org iwlwifi]) will work for both the 3945 and 4965 chipsets since kernel 2.6.24. And iwl5000-series chipsets (including 5100BG, 5100ABG, 5100AGN, 5300AGN and 5350AGN) have been supported since '''kernel 2.6.27''', by the in-tree driver '''iwlagn'''.<br />
<br />
Since the 2.6.34 kernel update, the firmware files were moved to the {{ic|linux-firmware}} package. Manually installing firmware packages is not required.<br />
<br />
=====Loading the Driver=====<br />
[[udev]] should load the driver automatically. To manually load the driver at start-up, read [[Kernel modules#Loading]], and add {{ic|iwl3945}} or {{ic|iwl4965}} respectively to the new file. For example:<br />
# Load Intel Wi-Fi modules<br />
iwl3945<br />
<br />
The drivers should now load after a reboot, and running {{ic|ip addr}} from a terminal should report ''wlan0'' as a new network interface.<br />
<br />
=====Disabling LED blink=====<br />
<br />
The default settings on the module are to have the LED blink on activity. Some people find this extremely annoying. To have the LED on solid when Wi-Fi is active:<br />
<br />
# echo 'w /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger - - - - phy0radio' > /etc/tmpfiles.d/phy0-led.conf<br />
# systemd-tmpfiles --create phy0-led.conf<br />
<br />
To see all the possible trigger values for this LED:<br />
<br />
# cat /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger<br />
<br />
Here is an example for the old way, if you do not have {{ic|/sys/class/leds/phy0-led}}:<br />
<br />
# echo "options iwlcore led_mode=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf<br />
# rmmod iwlagn<br />
# rmmod iwlcore<br />
# modprobe iwlcore<br />
# modprobe iwlagn<br />
<br />
On Linux kernels 2.6.39.1-1 and up, the {{ic|iwlcore}} module was deprecated. Use {{ic|1=options iwlagn led_mode=1}} or {{ic|1=options iwl_legacy led_mode=1}} instead (find out what module is loaded with {{ic|lsmod}}).<br />
<br />
{{Note| iwl_legacy was renamed iwlegacy in Linux kernel 3.3.1. For this version, use {{ic|1=options iwlegacy led_mode=1}}.}}<br />
<br />
=====Other Notes=====<br />
* The MS Windows NETw4x32 driver can be used with ndiswrapper as an alternative to the {{ic|iwl3945}} and {{ic|ipw3945}} drivers.<br />
* In some cases (specifically a [[Dell Latitude D620]] with Arch 2008.06, though it could happen elsewhere), after installation you may have both {{ic|iwl3945}} and {{ic|ipw3945}} modules loaded. The card will not work with both modules loaded, so you will have to [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the {{ic|ipw3945}} module.<br />
* By default, {{ic|iwl3945}} is configured to only work with networks on channels 1-11. Higher frequency bands are not allowed in some parts of the world (e.g. the US). In the EU however, channels 12 and 13 are used quite commonly (and Japan allows for channel 14). To make {{ic|iwl3945}} scan for all channels, add {{ic|1=options cfg80211 ieee80211_regdom=EU}} to {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf}}. With {{ic|iwlist f}} you can check which channels are allowed.<br />
* If you want to enable more channels on Intel Wifi 5100 (and quite possible other cards too), you can do that with the {{pkg|crda}} package. After installing the package, edit {{ic|/etc/conf.d/wireless-regdom}} and uncomment the line where your country code is found. When executing {{ic|sudo iwlist wlan0 channel}}, you should now have access to more channels (depending on your location).<br />
<br />
====orinoco====<br />
This should be a part of the kernel package and be installed already.<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=Some Orinoco chipsets are Hermes I/II. You can use the AUR package {{AUR|wl_lkm}} to replace the {{ic|orinoco}} driver and gain WPA support. See [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=2154534#post2154534 this post] for more information.}}<br />
<br />
To use the driver, [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] {{ic|orinoco_cs}}, and then add {{ic|wlags49_h1_cs}}.<br />
<br />
====ndiswrapper====<br />
Ndiswrapper is not a real driver, but you can use it when there are no native Linux kernel drivers for your wireless chipset, so it is very useful in some situations. To use it, you need the {{ic|*.inf}} file from your Windows driver (the {{ic|*.sys}} file must also be present in the same directory). Be sure to use drivers appropriate to your architecture (e.g. 32/64bit). If you need to extract these files from an {{ic|*.exe}} file, you can use {{pkg|cabextract}}.<br />
<br />
Follow these steps to configure ndiswrapper.<br />
<br />
1. Install the driver to {{ic|/etc/ndiswrapper/*}}<br />
ndiswrapper -i filename.inf<br />
2. List all installed drivers for ndiswrapper<br />
ndiswrapper -l<br />
3. Write configuration file in {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/ndiswrapper.conf}}<br />
ndiswrapper -m<br />
depmod -a<br />
<br />
Now the ndiswrapper install is almost finished; follow the instructions on [[Kernel modules#Loading]] to automatically load the module at boot.<br />
<br />
The important part is making sure that ndiswrapper exists on this line, so just add it alongside the other modules. It would be best to test that ndiswrapper will load now, so:<br />
modprobe ndiswrapper<br />
iwconfig<br />
<br />
and ''wlan0'' should now exist. Check this page if you are having problems:<br />
[http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/joomla/index.php?/component/option,com_openwiki/Itemid,33/id,installation/ Ndiswrapper installation wiki].<br />
<br />
====prism54====<br />
Download the firmware driver for your appropriate card from [http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/p54 this site]. Rename the firmware file to {{ic|isl3890}}.<br />
If non-existent, create the directory {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware}} and move the file {{ic|isl3890}} inside it. This should do the trick. [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=16569&start=0&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight=siocsifflags+such+file++directory]<br />
<br />
If that did not work, try this:<br />
<br />
*Reload the prism module ({{ic|modprobe p54usb}} or {{ic|modprobe p54pci}}, depending on your hardware)<br />
Alternatively, remove your Wi-Fi card and then reconnect it.<br />
*Use the {{ic|dmesg}} command, and look at the end of the output it prints out.<br />
Look for a section similar to this: <br />
firmware: requesting '''isl3887usb_bare'''<br />
p54: LM86 firmware<br />
p54: FW rev 2.5.8.0 - Softmac protocol 3.0<br />
and try renaming the firmware file to the name corresponding to the part bolded here.<br />
<br />
If you get the message <br />
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not permitted<br />
when performing {{ic|ip link set wlan0 up}} OR <br />
prism54: Your card/socket may be faulty, or IRQ line too busy :(<br />
appears in {{ic|dmesg}}'s output this may be because you have both the deprecated kernel module {{ic|prism54}} and one of the newer kernel modules ({{ic|p54pci}} or {{ic|p54usb}}) loaded at the same time and they are fighting over ownership of the IRQ. Use the command {{ic|<nowiki>lsmod | grep prism54</nowiki>}} to see if the deprecated module is being loaded. If so, you need to stop {{ic|prism54}} from loading by [[blacklisting]] it (there are several ways to do this which are described elsewhere). Once blacklisted, you may find you have to rename the firmware as {{ic|prism54}} and {{ic|p54pci}}/{{ic|p54usb}} look for different firmware filenames (i.e. recheck the {{ic|dmesg}} output after performing {{ic|ip link set eth0 up}}).<br />
<br />
====ACX100/111====<br />
Packages: {{ic|tiacx}} {{ic|tiacx-firmware}}<br />
<br />
The driver should tell you which firmware it needs; check {{ic|/var/log/messages.log}} or use the {{ic|dmesg}} command.<br />
<br />
Link the appropriate firmware to {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware}}:<br />
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx111_2.3.1.31/tiacx111c16 /usr/lib/firmware<br />
<br />
For another way to determine which firmware revision number to use, see the [http://acx100.sourceforge.net/wiki/Firmware "Which firmware" section] of the acx100.sourceforge wiki. For ACX100, you can follow the links provided there to a table of card model numbers vs. "firmware files known to work"; you can figure out the rev. number you need, by looking at the suffix there. For example, a dlink_dwl650+ uses "1.9.8.b", in which case you would do this:<br />
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx100_1.9.8.b/* /usr/lib/firmware<br />
<br />
If you find that the driver is spamming your kernel log, for example because you are running Kismet with channel-hopping, you could put this in {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf}}:<br />
options acx debug=0<br />
<br />
{{Note|The open-source {{ic|acx}} driver does not support WPA/RSN encryption. Ndiswrapper will have to be used with the Windows driver to enable the enhanced encryption. See ndiswrapper, this page, for more details.}}<br />
<br />
==== b43, broadcom-wl and brcmsmac (previously brcm80211)====<br />
See the [[Broadcom_wireless|Broadcom wireless]] page.<br />
<br />
====zd1211rw====<br />
[http://zd1211.wiki.sourceforge.net/ {{ic|zd1211rw}}] is a driver for the ZyDAS ZD1211 802.11b/g USB WLAN chipset, and it is included in recent versions of the Linux kernel. See [http://www.linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/zd1211rw/devices] for a list of supported devices. You only need to [[pacman|install]] the firmware for the device, provided by the {{Pkg|zd1211-firmware}} package.<br />
<br />
====carl9170====<br />
[http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/carl9170/ {{ic|carl9170}}] is the 802.11n USB driver with GPLv2 firmware for Atheros USB AR9170 devices. It supports these [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/carl9170#available_devices devices]. The '''firmware''' is not yet part of the {{Pkg|linux-firmware}} package; it is available in the [[AUR]] ({{AUR|carl9170-fw}}). The '''driver''' is a part of the Linux kernel v2.6.37 and higher.<br />
<br />
In order to use this driver, the following older driver modules must be [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklisted]]:<br />
*{{ic|arusb_lnx}}<br />
*{{ic|ar9170usb}}<br />
<br />
====hostap_cs====<br />
Host AP is the Linux driver for Prism2/2.5/3 like WCP11. {{ic|hostap_cs}} should be a part of the {{ic|linux}} package and should be installed already.<br />
<br />
{{ic|orinico_cs}} can cause problems, so it must be [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklisted]]. After blacklisting, the driver should work.<br />
<br />
More information:[http://hostap.epitest.fi/ Home page]<br />
<br />
====compat-drivers-patched====<br />
Patched compat wireless drivers correct the "fixed-channel -1" issue, whilst providing better injection. Please install the {{AUR|compat-drivers-patched}} package from the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]].<br />
<br />
{{AUR|compat-drivers-patched}} does not conflict with any other package and the modules built reside in {{ic|/usr/lib/modules/''your_kernel_version''/updates}}.<br />
<br />
These patched drivers come from the [http://wireless.kernel.org/ Linux Wireless project] and support many of the above mentioned chips such as:<br />
<br />
ath5k ath9k_htc carl9170 b43 zd1211rw rt2x00 wl1251 wl12xx ath6kl brcm80211<br />
<br />
Supported groups:<br />
<br />
atheros ath iwlagn rtl818x rtlwifi wl12xx atlxx bt<br />
<br />
It is also possible to build a specific module/driver or a group of drivers by editing the [[PKGBUILD]], particularly uncommenting the '''line #46'''. Here is an example of building the atheros group:<br />
<br />
scripts/driver-select atheros<br />
<br />
Please read the package's [[PKGBUILD]] for any other possible modifications prior to compilation and installation.<br />
<br />
{{Note|compat-drivers-patched has reached EOL, use [http://drvbp1.linux-foundation.org/~mcgrof/rel-html/backports/ backports] instead}}<br />
<br />
===Test installation===<br />
After loading your driver, run {{ic|ip link}} to ensure a wireless interface (e.g. ''wlanX'', ''ethX'', ''athX'') is created.<br />
<br />
If no such interface is visible, modprobing it might work. To start your driver, use the {{ic|rmmod}} and {{ic|modprobe}} commands. If {{ic|rmmod}} fails, continue with {{ic|modprobe}}. See [[Kernel modules]] for more info.<br />
<br />
Example: If your driver is called "driverXXX", you would run the following commands:<br />
# rmmod driverXXX<br />
# modprobe driverXXX<br />
<br />
Bring the interface up with {{ic|ip link set <interface> up}}. For example, assuming the interface is ''wlan0'':<br />
# ip link set wlan0 up<br />
<br />
If you get this error message: {{ic|SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory}}, it most certainly means your wireless chipset requires a firmware to function, which you need to install as explained above.<br />
<br />
==Part II: Wireless management==<br />
Assuming that your drivers are installed and working properly, you will need to choose a method for managing your wireless connections. The following subsections will help you decide the best way to do just that.<br />
<br />
Procedure and tools required will depend on several factors:<br />
* The desired nature of configuration management; from a completely manual command line setup procedure to a software-managed, automated solution.<br />
* The encryption type (or lack thereof) which protects the wireless network.<br />
* The need for network profiles, if the computer will frequently change networks (such as a laptop).<br />
<br />
The manual method requires more work from you, but gives you much more control over your configuration.<br />
Usually you will have to enter a set of commands which have no persistant effect, i.e. they won't apply after a reboot.<br />
Either you enter those commands on every boot which may be quite cumbersome, or you put all these commands in a shell script to automate the process. This script can even be executed automatically at boot time. See [[Arch Boot Process]].<br />
<br />
===Management methods===<br />
The following table shows the different methods that can be used to activate and manage a wireless network connection, depending on the encryption and management types, and the various tools that are required. Although there may be other possibilities, these are the most frequently used:<br />
{| border="1"<br />
! Management || No encryption/WEP || WPA/WPA2 PSK<br />
|-<br />
| Manual || {{pkg|iproute2}} + {{ic|iwconfig}} + {{ic|dhcpcd}}/{{ic|iproute2}} || {{ic|iproute2}} + {{ic|iwconfig}} + [[WPA supplicant|wpa_supplicant]] + {{ic|dhcpcd}}/{{ic|iproute2}}<br />
|-<br />
| Automatically managed, with network profiles support || colspan="2" align="center" | [[netctl]], [[netcfg]], [[Wicd]], [[NetworkManager]], etc.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
More choice guide: <br />
{| border="1"<br />
! Management || Auto connect at boot || Auto connect if dropped <br>or changed location || support 3G Modem || GUI || Console tools<br />
|-<br />
| [[Netctl]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|netctl}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Netcfg]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|wifi-select}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wicd]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|wicd-curses}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[NetworkManager]] +<br> {{pkg|network-manager-applet}} || Yes || Yes || Yes || Yes || {{ic|nmcli}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Please note that the Linux wireless extensions and corresponding commands like {{ic|iwconfig}} or {{ic|iwlist}} have become deprecated and are replaced by {{ic|iw}}, which has to be installed seperately from the core-repository. This is not fully reflected in this wiki yet and both still work. A comparison of common commands is found on [http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Documentation/iw/replace-iwconfig Linuxwireless].<br />
<br />
{{Tip|<br />
*Whatever your choice, '''you should try to connect using the manual method first'''. This will help you understand the different steps that are required and debug them in case a problem arose.<br />
*If possible (e.g. if you manage your Wi-Fi access point), try connecting with no encryption, to check everything works. Then try using encryption, either WEP (simpler to configure -- but crackable in a matter of seconds, so it is hardly more secure than an unencrypted connection), WPA, or WPA2.}}<br />
<br />
When it comes to ease of use, NetworkManager (with GNOME's {{pkg|network-manager-applet}}) and {{ic|wicd}} have good GUI's and can provide a list of available networks to connect, and they prompt for passwords, which is straightforward and highly recommended. WPA Supplicant has also a GUI configuration tool, {{pkg|wpa_supplicant_gui}}.<br />
<br />
{{Note|GNOME's {{pkg|network-manager-applet}} also works under [[Xfce]] if you install {{AUR|xfce4-xfapplet-plugin}} first. {{AUR|xfce4-xfapplet-plugin}} is in the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]], but it is orphaned and may not work. Additionally, there are applets available for [[KDE]].}}<br />
<br />
===Manual setup===<br />
The programs provided by the package {{pkg|wireless_tools}} are the basic set of tools to set up a wireless network. Additionally the {{pkg|iw}} package provides the new tool. Moreover, if you use WPA/WPA2 encryption, you will need the package {{pkg|wpa_supplicant}}. These powerful user-space console tools work extremely well and allow complete, manual control from the shell.<br />
<br />
These examples assume your wireless device is ''wlan0''. Replace ''wlan0'' with the appropriate device name.<br />
{{Note|Depending on your hardware and encryption type, some of these steps may not be necessary. Some cards are known to require interface activation and/or access point scanning before being associated to an access point and being given an IP address. Some experimentation may be required. For instance, WPA/WPA2 users may directly try to activate their wireless network from step 3.}}<br />
<br />
====Operating mode====<br />
''(Optional, may be required)'' At this step you may need to set the proper operating mode of the wireless card. More specifically, if you are going to connect an ad-hoc network, you might need to set the operating mode to ''ad-hoc:''<br />
<br />
# iw wlan0 set type ibss<br />
<br />
{{Note|Ideally, you should already know which type of network you are going to connect to. If you do not, scan the network as described in step 2 below, then, if necessary, return back to this step and change the mode. Also, please keep in mind that changing the operating mode might require the wireless interface to be ''down'' ({{ic|ip link set wlan0 down}}).}}<br />
<br />
====Interface activation====<br />
''(Also optional, may be required)'' Some cards require that the kernel interface be activated before you can use the {{ic|wireless_tools}}:<br />
# ip link set wlan0 up<br />
<br />
====Access point discovery====<br />
See what access points are available:<br />
# iw dev wlan0 scan | less<br />
or<br />
$ iwlist wlan0 scanning | less<br />
{{Note|If it displays "''Interface doesn't support scanning''" then you probably forgot to install the firmware. You can also try bringing up the interface first as shown in point 1. In some cases this message is also displayed when not running iw as root. <br />
Also, your wireless network card may be soft-blocked. Try getting {{pkg|rfkill}} and running {{ic|rfkill list all}} to check.}}<br />
<br />
The important points to check:<br />
* ESSID: the "name" of the access point.<br />
* Quality: in general try something above 40/70.<br />
* Encryption key: if it is "on", check if you can see any line regarding<br />
** WEP, WPA, or RSN. Note that RSN and WPA2 are different names for the protocol.<br />
** Group cipher: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others.<br />
** Pairwise ciphers: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others. Not necessarily the same value than Group cipher.<br />
** Authentication Suites: value in PSK, 802.1x, others. For home router, you'll usually find PSK (''i.e.'' passphrase). In universities, you are more likely to find 802.1x suite which requires login and password. Then you will need to know which key management is in use (e.g. EAP), and what encapsulation it uses (e.g. PEAP). Find more details at [[Wikipedia:List_of_authentication_protocols]] and the sub-articles.<br />
<br />
====Association====<br />
Depending on the encryption, you need to associate your wireless device with the access point to use and pass the encryption key.<br />
<br />
Assuming you want to use the ESSID {{ic|MyEssid}}:<br />
{{Note|The essid is usually just the name of the network you want to connect to.}}<br />
* '''No encryption'''<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid"<br />
Or, alternatively, for the new netlink interface<br />
# iw wlan0 connect MyEssid<br />
* '''WEP'''<br />
using a hexadecimal key:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key 1234567890<br />
using an ASCII key:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key s:asciikey<br />
* '''WPA/WPA2'''<br />
<br />
You need to edit the {{ic|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf}} file as described in [[WPA_Supplicant]] and according to what you got from [[#Access point discovery]]. Then, issue this command:<br />
# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
<br />
This is assuming your device uses the {{ic|wext}} driver. If this does not work, you may need to adjust these options. <br />
If connected successfully, continue in a new terminal (or quit {{ic|wpa_supplicant}} with {{Keypress|Ctrl+c}} and add the {{ic|-B}} switch to the above command to run it in the background). [[WPA_Supplicant]] contains more information and troubleshooting.<br />
<br />
Regardless of the method used, you can check if you have associated successfully as follows:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0<br />
Or, alternatively, for the new netlink interface<br />
# iw dev wlan0 link<br />
<br />
{{Note|In some setups it may still display "Access Point: Not-Associated", continue on to the next step.}}<br />
<br />
====Getting an IP address====<br />
Finally, provide an IP address to the network interface. Simple examples are:<br />
# dhcpcd wlan0<br />
for DHCP, or<br />
# ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev wlan0<br />
# ip route add default via 192.168.0.1<br />
for static IP addressing.<br />
<br />
{{Note|If you get a timeout error due to a ''waiting for carrier'' problem, then you might have to set the channel mode to {{ic|auto}} for the specific device.}}<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 channel auto <br />
Before changing the channel to auto, make sure your wireless interface (in this case, 'wlan0') is '''down'''. After it has successfully changed it, you can again bring the interface up and continue from there.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Although the manual configuration method will help troubleshoot wireless problems, you will have to re-type every command each time you reboot. You can also quickly write a shell script to automate the whole process, which is still a quite convenient way of managing networks while keeping full control over your configuration.}}<br />
<br />
====Manual wireless connection at boot using systemd and dhcpcd====<br />
To have [[systemd]] connect to a manually configured wireless network at boot:<br />
<br />
Create {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}} to store your interface or static IP settings in:<br />
{{hc|/etc/conf.d/network|<nowiki><br />
interface=wlan0<br />
address=192.168.0.10<br />
netmask=24<br />
broadcast=192.168.0.255<br />
gateway=192.168.0.1<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Create a systemctl unit e.g: {{ic|/etc/systemd/system/network.service}}. This example uses dhcpcd and [[WPA supplicant]].<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-${interface}.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-${interface}.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev ${interface} up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ${interface} -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dhcpcd ${interface}<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Or without {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}}:<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-wlan0.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-wlan0.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev wlan0 up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dhcpcd wlan0<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Do not forget to enable it!<br />
# systemctl enable network<br />
<br />
To test, reboot or make sure all other network daemons are stopped and then issue as superuser<br />
# systemctl start network<br />
<br />
====Systemd with wpa_supplicant and static IP====<br />
This example configuration uses the new systemd-197 interface naming scheme.<br />
<br />
See http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames<br />
<br />
https://mailman.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-dev-public/2013-January/024231.html<br />
<br />
Run this script as non-root to find your interface names:<br />
<br />
for i in /sys/class/net/*; do<br />
echo "==$i"<br />
udevadm test-builtin net_id "$i";<br />
echo<br />
done 2>/dev/null<br />
<br />
Create {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}}<br />
{{hc|/etc/conf.d/network|<nowiki><br />
address=192.168.0.10<br />
netmask=24<br />
broadcast=192.168.0.255<br />
gateway=192.168.0.1<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Install {{ic|wpa_supplicant}} and create {{ic|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf}}. See [[WPA supplicant]]<br />
{{hc|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf|<nowiki><br />
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=network<br />
update_config=1<br />
network={<br />
ssid="My-Wireless"<br />
psk=b705a6bfcd5639d5c40cd972cd4048cfb94572987f30d324c82036317b91a138<br />
}<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Create a systemd unit file containing the name of the interface: {{ic|/etc/systemd/system/network@wlp0s26f7u3.service}}<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network@wlp0s26f7u3.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity (%i)<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i %i -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip addr add ${address}/${netmask} broadcast ${broadcast} dev %i<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip route add default via ${gateway}<br />
ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip addr flush dev %i<br />
ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i down<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Enable the unit and start it.<br />
# systemctl enable network@wlp0s26f7u3.service<br />
# systemctl start network@wlp0s26f7u3.service<br />
<br />
===Automatic setup===<br />
There are many solutions to choose from, but remember that all of them are mutually exclusive; you should not run two daemons simultaneously.<br />
<br />
====Netctl====<br />
{{ic|netctl}} is a replacement for netcfg designed to work with systemd.<br />
<br />
See: [[Netctl]]<br />
<br />
====Netcfg====<br />
{{ic|netcfg}} provides a ''versatile, robust and fast'' solution to networking on Arch Linux.<br />
<br />
netcfg uses a profile based setup and is capable of detection and connection to a wide range of network types. This is no harder than using graphical tools.<br />
<br />
See: [[Netcfg]]<br />
<br />
====Wicd====<br />
Wicd is a network manager that can handle both wireless and wired connections. It is written in Python and Gtk with fewer dependencies than NetworkManager, making it an ideal solution for lightweight desktop users. Wicd is available in the [[Official Repositories|official repositories]].<br />
<br />
See: [[Wicd]]<br />
<br />
====NetworkManager====<br />
NetworkManager is an advanced network management tool that is enabled by default in most popular GNU/Linux distributions. In addition to managing wired connections, NetworkManager provides worry-free wireless roaming with an easy-to-use GUI program for selecting your desired network. <br />
<br />
If you do not use [[GNOME]] but use a window manager like [[Openbox]] or [[xmonad]], do not forget to [[pacman|install]] {{Pkg|polkit-gnome}}, {{Pkg|gnome-keyring}}, {{Pkg|libgnome-keyring}}, and {{Pkg|pyxdg}} to manage WEP, WPA, and WPA2 connections.<br />
<br />
See: [[NetworkManager]]<br />
<br />
====WiFi Radar====<br />
WiFi Radar is a Python/PyGTK2 utility for managing wireless profiles (and ''only'' wireless). It enables you to scan for available networks and create profiles for your preferred networks.<br />
<br />
See: [[Wifi Radar]]<br />
<br />
====wlassistant====<br />
wlassistant is a very intuitive and straight-forward GUI application for managing your wireless connections. <br />
<br />
Install the {{AUR|wlassistant}} package from the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]].<br />
<br />
wlassistant must be run with root privileges:<br />
# wlassistant<br />
<br />
{{out of date|References {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}} which is deprecated and does not give clear instructions for configuration outside of {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}.}}<br />
One method of using wlassistant is to configure your wireless card within {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}, specifying the access point you use most often. On start-up, your card will automatically be configured for this ESSID, but if other wireless networks are needed/available, {{ic|wlassistant}} can then be invoked to access them. Background the {{ic|network}} daemon in {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}, by prefixing it with a {{ic|@}} to avoid boot-up delays.<br />
<br />
==Power saving==<br />
<br />
See [[Power_saving#Wireless_power_saving]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Sharing PPP Connection]]<br />
*[[Ad-hoc networking]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ NetworkManager] -- The official website for NetworkManager<br />
*[http://wicd.sourceforge.net/ WICD] -- The official website for WICD<br />
*[http://wifi-radar.berlios.de/ WiFi Radar] -- WiFi Radar information page<br />
*[http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo The MadWifi project's method of installing] -- Recommended if you are having trouble after reading this article</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Network_configuration/Wireless&diff=265236Network configuration/Wireless2013-07-06T05:06:43Z<p>LucidComplex: /* compat-drivers-patched */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Wireless Networking]]<br />
[[cs:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[de:(W)LAN_und_Arch_Linux]]<br />
[[es:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[fr:Wifi]]<br />
[[it:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[ja:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[nl:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[ro:Wireless]]<br />
[[ru:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[th:Wireless Setup]]<br />
[[tr:Kablosuz_bağlantı]]<br />
[[zh-CN:Wireless Setup]]<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|A complete guide to enabling and configuring wireless networking.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Overview}}<br />
{{Article summary text|{{Networking overview}}}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
{{Poor writing|Article too large, drivers specific guidelines should be moved to a dedicated page.}}<br />
{{Out of date|netcfg is deprecated, all references should be changed to netctl<br />
}}<br />
Configuring wireless is a two-part process; the first part is to identify and ensure the correct driver for your wireless device is installed (they are available on the installation media, so make sure you install them), and to configure the interface. The second is choosing a method of managing wireless connections. This article covers both parts, and provides additional links to wireless management tools.<br />
<br />
'''About new Arch Linux systems:''' Most wireless drivers and tools are available during Arch set-up under the {{grp|base}} group. Be sure to install the proper driver for your card. [[Udev]] will usually load the appropriate module, thereby creating the wireless interface, in the initial live system of the installer, as well as the newly installed system on your hard drive. If you are configuring your wireless functionality after, and not during, Arch Linux installation, simply ensure the required packages are installed with [[pacman]], (driver, firmware if needed, {{Pkg|wireless_tools}}, {{Pkg|iw}}, {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}, etc.) and follow the guidelines below. Note that {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} may be optional depending on how recent your wireless hardware is.<br />
<br />
== Part I: Identify Card/Install Driver ==<br />
<br />
=== Identify and Discover if Supported ===<br />
<br />
First you will need to check and see if the Linux kernel has support for your card or if a user-space driver is available for it.<br />
<br />
==== Identify your card ====<br />
<br />
You can find your card type by command:<br />
# lspci | grep -i net<br />
<br />
Or, if you have a USB device, run:<br />
# lsusb<br />
<br />
{{Note|The internal Wi-Fi card in some laptops may actually be a USB device, so make sure you check both commands.}}<br />
<br />
==== Discover if the card is supported ====<br />
<br />
* The [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WifiDocs/WirelessCardsSupported Ubuntu Wiki] has a good list of wireless cards and whether or not they are supported either in the Linux kernel or by a user-space driver (includes driver name).<br />
* [http://linux-wless.passys.nl/ Linux Wireless Support] and The Linux Questions' [http://www.linuxquestions.org/hcl/index.php?cat=10 Hardware Compatibility List] (HCL) also have a good database of kernel-friendly hardware. <br />
* The [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Devices kernel page] additionally has a matrix of supported hardware.<br />
<br />
==== If your card is not listed ====<br />
<br />
If your wireless hardware is not listed above, likely it is supported only under Windows (some Broadcom, 3com, etc). For these, you will need to use [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/List ndiswrapper]. <br />
<br />
Ndiswrapper is a wrapper script that allows you to use some Windows drivers in Linux. See the compatibility list [http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/index.php/List here]. You will need the {{ic|.inf}} and {{ic|.sys}} files from your Windows install. If you have a newer card, or a more exotic card, you might want to look up your exact model name and 'linux' and search the Internet before doing this step.<br />
<br />
===Install user space tools ===<br />
<br />
====If you have wired Internet access available====<br />
If you have wired Ethernet available and are simply adding wireless functionality to an existing system, and you did not include {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} during initial installation, then [[pacman|install]] the package {{Pkg|wireless_tools}}.<br />
<br />
{{Note|{{Pkg|wireless_tools}} may not be required depending on the age of your hardware and whether your hardware/drivers support {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}. If your configuration is supported well enough to work using only {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}}, then it is recommended to stick with wpa_supplicant only.}}<br />
<br />
The drivers' corresponding package names are either highlighted in '''bold''' or via {{ic|monospaced font}} on this page. The packages can be installed during initial package selection on the Arch Linux installation media and can also be [[pacman|installed]] later.<br />
<br />
====If you have only wireless internet available====<br />
The {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} package is now available as part of the base system and is also on the live installation media (CD/USB stick image) under the [[Beginners%27_Guide#Install_the_base_system|base-devel]] group. <br />
<br />
You cannot initialize wireless hardware without these user-space tools, so ensure they are installed from the [[Beginners%27_Guide#Install_the_base_system|installer media]], especially if you have no means of networking other than wirelessly. Otherwise, you will be stuck in a "catch 22" when you reboot your newly installed Arch Linux system: you will need {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} and drivers, but in order to get them, you will need {{Pkg|wireless_tools}} and drivers.<br />
<br />
===Drivers and firmware===<br />
<br />
The default Arch Linux kernel is ''modular'', meaning many of the drivers for machine hardware reside on the hard drive and are available as ''[[Kernel modules|modules]]''. At boot, [[udev]] takes an inventory of your hardware. Udev will load appropriate modules (drivers) for your corresponding hardware, and the driver, in turn, will allow creation of a kernel ''interface''. <br />
<br />
The interface name for different drivers and chipsets will vary. Some examples are ''wlan0'', ''eth1'', and ''ath0''.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Udev is not perfect. If the proper module is not loaded by udev on boot, simply {{ic|modprobe}} it and add the module name in a {{ic|.conf}} file in {{ic|/etc/modules-load.d/}}. Note also that udev may occasionally load more than one driver for a device, and the resulting conflict will prevent successful configuration. Be sure to [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the unwanted module.}}<br />
<br />
Methods and procedures for installing kernel modules for various chipsets are covered below. In addition, certain chipsets require the installation of corresponding ''firmware'' (also covered below). Read [[Kernel modules]] for general informations on operations with modules.<br />
<br />
====rt2860 and rt2870====<br />
<br />
From Linux kernel 3.0, the staging driver {{ic|rt2860sta}} is replaced by the mainline driver {{ic|rt2800pci}}, and {{ic|rt2870sta}} is replaced by {{ic|rt2800usb}}. As a result, the staging drivers are deleted. Source: [https://git.kernel.org/?p=linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux-2.6.git;a=commitdiff;h=fefecc6989b4b24276797270c0e229c07be02ad3 Kernel commit]. The rt2800 driver automatically works with devices using the rt2870 chipset.<br />
<br />
It has a wide range of options that can be configured with {{ic|iwpriv}}. These are documented in the [http://web.ralinktech.com/ralink/Home/Support/Linux.html source tarballs] available from Ralink.<br />
<br />
====rt3090====<br />
For devices which are using the rt3090 chipset it should be possible to use {{ic|rt2860sta}} driver. The mainline driver {{ic|rt2800pci}} is not working with this chipset very well (e.g. sometimes it's not possible to use higher rate than 2Mb/s).<br />
<br />
The best way is to use the {{AUR|rt3090}} driver from [[AUR]]. Compile the {{AUR|rt3090}} driver from [[AUR]], delete/move the /etc/Wireless/RT2860STA/RT2860STA.dat firmware file to allow installation of the compiled RT3090 package, [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the rt2860sta module and setup the rt3090sta module to [[Kernel modules#Loading|load]] at boot.<br />
<br />
Note: This driver also works for rt3062 chipsets.<br />
<br />
====rt3290====<br />
The rt3290 chipset is recognised by the kernel {{ic|rt2800pci}} module. However, some users experience problems and reverting to a patched Ralink driver seems to be beneficial in these [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=161952 cases].<br />
<br />
====rt2x00====<br />
Unified driver for Ralink chipsets (replaces {{ic|rt2500}}, {{ic|rt61}}, {{ic|rt73}}, etc). This driver has been in the Linux kernel since 2.6.24, but some devices may require extra firmware. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
Some chips require a firmware file, which is installed by default in Arch Linux via the package {{Pkg|linux-firmware}}.<br />
<br />
See: [[Using the new rt2x00 beta driver]]<br />
<br />
====rt3573====<br />
New chipset as of 2012. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink. Different manufacturers use it, see [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1164228#p1164228 Belkin N750 example]<br />
====rt5572====<br />
New chipset as of 2012 with support for 5 Ghz bands. It may require proprietary drivers from Ralink and some effort to compile them. At the time of writing a how-to on compilation is available for a DLINK DWA-160 rev. B2 [http://bernaerts.dyndns.org/linux/229-ubuntu-precise-dlink-dwa160-revb2 here].<br />
<br />
====w322u====<br />
Treat this Tenda card as an {{ic|rt2870sta}} device. See: [[rt2870]]<br />
<br />
====rtl8180====<br />
Realtek rtl8180 PCI/Cardbus 802.11b is now fully supported in the kernel. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
====rtl8187====<br />
See: [[Rtl8187_wireless|rtl8187]]<br />
<br />
====rtl8192cu====<br />
<br />
The driver is now in the kernel, but many users have reported being unable to make a connection although scanning for networks does work.<br />
<br />
The {{AUR|dkms-8192cu}} package in the AUR may be a better choice for some users.<br />
<br />
====rtl8192e====<br />
<br />
The driver is part of the current kernel package. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
{{Note|[[wicd]] may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while [[NetworkManager]] appears to work better.}}<br />
<br />
=====Module initialization fails=====<br />
<br />
The module initialization may fail at boot giving this error message : <br />
<br />
rtl819xE:ERR in CPUcheck_firmware_ready()<br />
rtl819xE:ERR in init_firmware() step 2<br />
rtl819xE:ERR!!! _rtl8192_up(): initialization is failed!<br />
r8169 0000:03:00.0: eth0: link down<br />
<br />
A workaround is to simply unload the module: <br />
# modprobe -r r8192e_pci<br />
and reload the module (after a pause): <br />
# modprobe r8192e_pci<br />
<br />
====rtl8192s====<br />
<br />
The driver is part of the current kernel package. Firmware may need to be added manually if {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin}} does not exist. ({{ic|dmesg}} will report ''"rtl819xU:FirmwareRequest92S(): failed"'' if the firmware is missing)<br />
<br />
To download and install firmware:<br />
$ wget http://launchpadlibrarian.net/33927923/rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz<br />
# mkdir /lib/firmware/RTL8192SU<br />
# tar -xzOf rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009.tar.gz \<br />
rtl8192se_linux_2.6.0010.1012.2009/firmware/RTL8192SE/rtl8192sfw.bin > \<br />
/lib/firmware/RTL8192SU/rtl8192sfw.bin<br />
<br />
{{Note|An alternate version of the firmware may be found [http://launchpadlibrarian.net/37387612/rtl8192sfw.bin.gz here], but this version may cause dropped connections.}}<br />
<br />
{{Note|[[wicd]] may cause excessive dropped connections with this driver, while [[NetworkManager]] appears to work better.}}<br />
<br />
====madwifi-ng====<br />
There are three modules maintained by the MadWifi team:<br />
* {{ic|ath_pci}} is the older driver.<br />
* [[#ath5k|{{ic|ath5k}}]] will eventually phase out {{ic|ath_pci}}. Currently a better choice for some chipsets, but not all chipsets are supported (see below)<br />
* [[#ath9k|{{ic|ath9k}}]] is the new, official, superior driver for newer Atheros hardware (see below)<br />
<br />
For old {{ic|ath_pci}} driver, install package {{AUR|madwifi}} and optionally {{AUR|madwifi-utils-svn}}. Then:<br />
# modprobe ath_pci<br />
<br />
If using {{ic|ath_pci}}, you may need to blacklist {{ic|ath5k}}. See [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting]] for instructions.<br />
<br />
Some users '''may need''' to use the {{ic|countrycode}} option when loading the MadWifi driver in order to use channels and transmit power settings that are legal in their country/region. In the Netherlands, for example, you would load the module like this:<br />
# modprobe ath_pci countrycode=528<br />
<br />
You can verify the settings with the {{ic|iwlist}} command. See {{ic|man iwlist}} and the [http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/CountryCode CountryCode page on the MadWifi wiki]. To have this setting automatically applied during boot, refer to [[Kernel_modules#Configuration]], and note the following module option setting:<br />
options ath_pci countrycode=528<br />
<br />
====ath5k====<br />
{{ic|ath5k}} is the preferred driver for AR5xxx chipsets including those which are already working with {{ic|madwifi-ng}} and for some chipsets older than AR5xxx. <br />
<br />
If {{ic|ath5k}} is conflicting with {{ic|ath_pci}} on your system, [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] (and unload using {{ic|rmmod}} or reboot) the following drivers:<br />
ath_hal<br />
ath_pci<br />
ath_rate_amrr<br />
ath_rate_onoe<br />
ath_rate_sample<br />
wlan<br />
wlan_acl<br />
wlan_ccmp<br />
wlan_scan_ap<br />
wlan_scan_sta<br />
wlan_tkip<br />
wlan_wep<br />
wlan_xauth<br />
<br />
then {{ic|modprobe ath5k}} manually or reboot. ''wlan0'' (or ''wlanX'') in sta mode should spawn and become ready to use.<br />
<br />
If the device is unable to lease an IP after being loaded, try {{ic|modprobe ath5k nohwcrypt<nowiki>=</nowiki>1}}. See below for details about the nohwcrypt option.<br />
<br />
Info:<br />
* http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath5k<br />
* http://wiki.debian.org/ath5k<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=Some laptop have problems with their wireless LED indicator flickering red and blue. To solve this problem, do:<br />
echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::tx/trigger"<br />
echo none > "/sys/class/leds/ath5k-phy0::rx/trigger"<br />
<br />
For alternatives, look [https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=618232 here].}}<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=If you find web pages randomly loading very slow in Firefox/Opera/Chromium, or if the adapter has problems leasing an IP, try to switch from hardware to software encryption:<br />
rmmod ath5k<br />
modprobe ath5k nohwcrypt<br />
<br />
And restart your connection. If it helps, make the change permanent by adding into {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/010-ath5k.conf}}:<br />
options ath5k nohwcrypt<br />
<br />
More about modprobe options: [[Modprobe#Options]]<br />
}}<br />
<br />
====ath9k====<br />
{{ic|ath9k}} is Atheros' officially supported driver for the newer 802.11n chipsets. All of the chips with 802.11n capabilities are supported, with a maximum throughput around 180 Mbps. To see a complete list of supported hardware, check this [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k page].<br />
<br />
Working modes: Station, AP and Adhoc.<br />
<br />
{{ic|ath9k}} has been part of the Linux kernel as of v2.6.27. (In the unlikely event that you have stability issues that trouble you, you could try using the [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Download compat-wireless] package.<br />
An [https://lists.ath9k.org/mailman/listinfo/ath9k-devel ath9k mailing list] exists for support and development related discussions.)<br />
<br />
Info:<br />
* http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k<br />
* http://wiki.debian.org/ath9k<br />
<br />
====ath9k_htc====<br />
{{ic|ath9k_htc}} is Atheros' officially supported driver for 802.11n USB devices. Station and Ad-Hoc modes are supported. The driver is included in the kernel. For more information, see http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath9k_htc .<br />
<br />
====ipw2100 and ipw2200====<br />
These modules are fully supported in the kernel, but they require additional firmware. It can be configured using the standard {{Pkg|wpa_supplicant}} and {{ic|iwconfig}} tools.<br />
<br />
Depending on which of the chipsets you have, [[pacman|install]] either {{Pkg|ipw2100-fw}} or {{Pkg|ipw2200-fw}}.<br />
<br />
If installing after initial Arch Linux installation, the module may need to be reloaded for the firmware to be loaded; run the following as root:<br />
rmmod ipw2200<br />
modprobe ipw2200<br />
<br />
=====Enabling the radiotap interface=====<br />
Launch the following as root:<br />
rmmod ipw2200<br />
modprobe ipw2200 rtap_iface=1<br />
<br />
=====Enabling the LED=====<br />
Most laptops will have a front LED to indicate when the wireless is connected (or not). Add the following to {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/ipw2200.conf}}:<br />
options ipw2200 led=1<br />
<br />
====iwl3945, iwl4965 and iwl5000-series====<br />
'''I'''ntel's open source '''W'''i-Fi drivers for '''L'''inux (See [http://intellinuxwireless.org iwlwifi]) will work for both the 3945 and 4965 chipsets since kernel 2.6.24. And iwl5000-series chipsets (including 5100BG, 5100ABG, 5100AGN, 5300AGN and 5350AGN) have been supported since '''kernel 2.6.27''', by the in-tree driver '''iwlagn'''.<br />
<br />
Since the 2.6.34 kernel update, the firmware files were moved to the {{ic|linux-firmware}} package. Manually installing firmware packages is not required.<br />
<br />
=====Loading the Driver=====<br />
[[udev]] should load the driver automatically. To manually load the driver at start-up, read [[Kernel modules#Loading]], and add {{ic|iwl3945}} or {{ic|iwl4965}} respectively to the new file. For example:<br />
# Load Intel Wi-Fi modules<br />
iwl3945<br />
<br />
The drivers should now load after a reboot, and running {{ic|ip addr}} from a terminal should report ''wlan0'' as a new network interface.<br />
<br />
=====Disabling LED blink=====<br />
<br />
The default settings on the module are to have the LED blink on activity. Some people find this extremely annoying. To have the LED on solid when Wi-Fi is active:<br />
<br />
# echo 'w /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger - - - - phy0radio' > /etc/tmpfiles.d/phy0-led.conf<br />
# systemd-tmpfiles --create phy0-led.conf<br />
<br />
To see all the possible trigger values for this LED:<br />
<br />
# cat /sys/class/leds/phy0-led/trigger<br />
<br />
Here is an example for the old way, if you do not have {{ic|/sys/class/leds/phy0-led}}:<br />
<br />
# echo "options iwlcore led_mode=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf<br />
# rmmod iwlagn<br />
# rmmod iwlcore<br />
# modprobe iwlcore<br />
# modprobe iwlagn<br />
<br />
On Linux kernels 2.6.39.1-1 and up, the {{ic|iwlcore}} module was deprecated. Use {{ic|1=options iwlagn led_mode=1}} or {{ic|1=options iwl_legacy led_mode=1}} instead (find out what module is loaded with {{ic|lsmod}}).<br />
<br />
{{Note| iwl_legacy was renamed iwlegacy in Linux kernel 3.3.1. For this version, use {{ic|1=options iwlegacy led_mode=1}}.}}<br />
<br />
=====Other Notes=====<br />
* The MS Windows NETw4x32 driver can be used with ndiswrapper as an alternative to the {{ic|iwl3945}} and {{ic|ipw3945}} drivers.<br />
* In some cases (specifically a [[Dell Latitude D620]] with Arch 2008.06, though it could happen elsewhere), after installation you may have both {{ic|iwl3945}} and {{ic|ipw3945}} modules loaded. The card will not work with both modules loaded, so you will have to [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] the {{ic|ipw3945}} module.<br />
* By default, {{ic|iwl3945}} is configured to only work with networks on channels 1-11. Higher frequency bands are not allowed in some parts of the world (e.g. the US). In the EU however, channels 12 and 13 are used quite commonly (and Japan allows for channel 14). To make {{ic|iwl3945}} scan for all channels, add {{ic|1=options cfg80211 ieee80211_regdom=EU}} to {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf}}. With {{ic|iwlist f}} you can check which channels are allowed.<br />
* If you want to enable more channels on Intel Wifi 5100 (and quite possible other cards too), you can do that with the {{pkg|crda}} package. After installing the package, edit {{ic|/etc/conf.d/wireless-regdom}} and uncomment the line where your country code is found. When executing {{ic|sudo iwlist wlan0 channel}}, you should now have access to more channels (depending on your location).<br />
<br />
====orinoco====<br />
This should be a part of the kernel package and be installed already.<br />
<br />
{{Note|1=Some Orinoco chipsets are Hermes I/II. You can use the AUR package {{AUR|wl_lkm}} to replace the {{ic|orinoco}} driver and gain WPA support. See [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=2154534#post2154534 this post] for more information.}}<br />
<br />
To use the driver, [[Kernel modules#Blacklisting|blacklist]] {{ic|orinoco_cs}}, and then add {{ic|wlags49_h1_cs}}.<br />
<br />
====ndiswrapper====<br />
Ndiswrapper is not a real driver, but you can use it when there are no native Linux kernel drivers for your wireless chipset, so it is very useful in some situations. To use it, you need the {{ic|*.inf}} file from your Windows driver (the {{ic|*.sys}} file must also be present in the same directory). Be sure to use drivers appropriate to your architecture (e.g. 32/64bit). If you need to extract these files from an {{ic|*.exe}} file, you can use {{pkg|cabextract}}.<br />
<br />
Follow these steps to configure ndiswrapper.<br />
<br />
1. Install the driver to {{ic|/etc/ndiswrapper/*}}<br />
ndiswrapper -i filename.inf<br />
2. List all installed drivers for ndiswrapper<br />
ndiswrapper -l<br />
3. Write configuration file in {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/ndiswrapper.conf}}<br />
ndiswrapper -m<br />
depmod -a<br />
<br />
Now the ndiswrapper install is almost finished; follow the instructions on [[Kernel modules#Loading]] to automatically load the module at boot.<br />
<br />
The important part is making sure that ndiswrapper exists on this line, so just add it alongside the other modules. It would be best to test that ndiswrapper will load now, so:<br />
modprobe ndiswrapper<br />
iwconfig<br />
<br />
and ''wlan0'' should now exist. Check this page if you are having problems:<br />
[http://ndiswrapper.sourceforge.net/joomla/index.php?/component/option,com_openwiki/Itemid,33/id,installation/ Ndiswrapper installation wiki].<br />
<br />
====prism54====<br />
Download the firmware driver for your appropriate card from [http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/p54 this site]. Rename the firmware file to {{ic|isl3890}}.<br />
If non-existent, create the directory {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware}} and move the file {{ic|isl3890}} inside it. This should do the trick. [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?t=16569&start=0&postdays=0&postorder=asc&highlight=siocsifflags+such+file++directory]<br />
<br />
If that did not work, try this:<br />
<br />
*Reload the prism module ({{ic|modprobe p54usb}} or {{ic|modprobe p54pci}}, depending on your hardware)<br />
Alternatively, remove your Wi-Fi card and then reconnect it.<br />
*Use the {{ic|dmesg}} command, and look at the end of the output it prints out.<br />
Look for a section similar to this: <br />
firmware: requesting '''isl3887usb_bare'''<br />
p54: LM86 firmware<br />
p54: FW rev 2.5.8.0 - Softmac protocol 3.0<br />
and try renaming the firmware file to the name corresponding to the part bolded here.<br />
<br />
If you get the message <br />
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Operation not permitted<br />
when performing {{ic|ip link set wlan0 up}} OR <br />
prism54: Your card/socket may be faulty, or IRQ line too busy :(<br />
appears in {{ic|dmesg}}'s output this may be because you have both the deprecated kernel module {{ic|prism54}} and one of the newer kernel modules ({{ic|p54pci}} or {{ic|p54usb}}) loaded at the same time and they are fighting over ownership of the IRQ. Use the command {{ic|<nowiki>lsmod | grep prism54</nowiki>}} to see if the deprecated module is being loaded. If so, you need to stop {{ic|prism54}} from loading by [[blacklisting]] it (there are several ways to do this which are described elsewhere). Once blacklisted, you may find you have to rename the firmware as {{ic|prism54}} and {{ic|p54pci}}/{{ic|p54usb}} look for different firmware filenames (i.e. recheck the {{ic|dmesg}} output after performing {{ic|ip link set eth0 up}}).<br />
<br />
====ACX100/111====<br />
Packages: {{ic|tiacx}} {{ic|tiacx-firmware}}<br />
<br />
The driver should tell you which firmware it needs; check {{ic|/var/log/messages.log}} or use the {{ic|dmesg}} command.<br />
<br />
Link the appropriate firmware to {{ic|/usr/lib/firmware}}:<br />
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx111_2.3.1.31/tiacx111c16 /usr/lib/firmware<br />
<br />
For another way to determine which firmware revision number to use, see the [http://acx100.sourceforge.net/wiki/Firmware "Which firmware" section] of the acx100.sourceforge wiki. For ACX100, you can follow the links provided there to a table of card model numbers vs. "firmware files known to work"; you can figure out the rev. number you need, by looking at the suffix there. For example, a dlink_dwl650+ uses "1.9.8.b", in which case you would do this:<br />
ln -s /usr/share/tiacx/acx100_1.9.8.b/* /usr/lib/firmware<br />
<br />
If you find that the driver is spamming your kernel log, for example because you are running Kismet with channel-hopping, you could put this in {{ic|/etc/modprobe.d/modprobe.conf}}:<br />
options acx debug=0<br />
<br />
{{Note|The open-source {{ic|acx}} driver does not support WPA/RSN encryption. Ndiswrapper will have to be used with the Windows driver to enable the enhanced encryption. See ndiswrapper, this page, for more details.}}<br />
<br />
==== b43, broadcom-wl and brcmsmac (previously brcm80211)====<br />
See the [[Broadcom_wireless|Broadcom wireless]] page.<br />
<br />
====zd1211rw====<br />
[http://zd1211.wiki.sourceforge.net/ {{ic|zd1211rw}}] is a driver for the ZyDAS ZD1211 802.11b/g USB WLAN chipset, and it is included in recent versions of the Linux kernel. See [http://www.linuxwireless.org/en/users/Drivers/zd1211rw/devices] for a list of supported devices. You only need to [[pacman|install]] the firmware for the device, provided by the {{Pkg|zd1211-firmware}} package.<br />
<br />
====carl9170====<br />
[http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/carl9170/ {{ic|carl9170}}] is the 802.11n USB driver with GPLv2 firmware for Atheros USB AR9170 devices. It supports these [http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/carl9170#available_devices devices]. The '''firmware''' is not yet part of the {{Pkg|linux-firmware}} package; it is available in the [[AUR]] ({{AUR|carl9170-fw}}). The '''driver''' is a part of the Linux kernel v2.6.37 and higher.<br />
<br />
In order to use this driver, the following older driver modules must be [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklisted]]:<br />
*{{ic|arusb_lnx}}<br />
*{{ic|ar9170usb}}<br />
<br />
====hostap_cs====<br />
Host AP is the Linux driver for Prism2/2.5/3 like WCP11. {{ic|hostap_cs}} should be a part of the {{ic|linux}} package and should be installed already.<br />
<br />
{{ic|orinico_cs}} can cause problems, so it must be [[Kernel_modules#Blacklisting|blacklisted]]. After blacklisting, the driver should work.<br />
<br />
More information:[http://hostap.epitest.fi/ Home page]<br />
<br />
====compat-drivers-patched====<br />
Patched compat wireless drivers correct the "fixed-channel -1" issue, whilst providing better injection. Please install the {{AUR|compat-drivers-patched}} package from the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]].<br />
<br />
{{AUR|compat-drivers-patched}} does not conflict with any other package and the modules built reside in {{ic|/usr/lib/modules/''your_kernel_version''/updates}}.<br />
<br />
These patched drivers come from the [http://wireless.kernel.org/ Linux Wireless project] and support many of the above mentioned chips such as:<br />
<br />
ath5k ath9k_htc carl9170 b43 zd1211rw rt2x00 wl1251 wl12xx ath6kl brcm80211<br />
<br />
Supported groups:<br />
<br />
atheros ath iwlagn rtl818x rtlwifi wl12xx atlxx bt<br />
<br />
It is also possible to build a specific module/driver or a group of drivers by editing the [[PKGBUILD]], particularly uncommenting the '''line #46'''. Here is an example of building the atheros group:<br />
<br />
scripts/driver-select atheros<br />
<br />
Please read the package's [[PKGBUILD]] for any other possible modifications prior to compilation and installation.<br />
<br />
{{Note|compat-drivers-patched has reached EOL use [http://drvbp1.linux-foundation.org/~mcgrof/rel-html/backports/ backports] instead}}<br />
<br />
===Test installation===<br />
After loading your driver, run {{ic|ip link}} to ensure a wireless interface (e.g. ''wlanX'', ''ethX'', ''athX'') is created.<br />
<br />
If no such interface is visible, modprobing it might work. To start your driver, use the {{ic|rmmod}} and {{ic|modprobe}} commands. If {{ic|rmmod}} fails, continue with {{ic|modprobe}}. See [[Kernel modules]] for more info.<br />
<br />
Example: If your driver is called "driverXXX", you would run the following commands:<br />
# rmmod driverXXX<br />
# modprobe driverXXX<br />
<br />
Bring the interface up with {{ic|ip link set <interface> up}}. For example, assuming the interface is ''wlan0'':<br />
# ip link set wlan0 up<br />
<br />
If you get this error message: {{ic|SIOCSIFFLAGS: No such file or directory}}, it most certainly means your wireless chipset requires a firmware to function, which you need to install as explained above.<br />
<br />
==Part II: Wireless management==<br />
Assuming that your drivers are installed and working properly, you will need to choose a method for managing your wireless connections. The following subsections will help you decide the best way to do just that.<br />
<br />
Procedure and tools required will depend on several factors:<br />
* The desired nature of configuration management; from a completely manual command line setup procedure to a software-managed, automated solution.<br />
* The encryption type (or lack thereof) which protects the wireless network.<br />
* The need for network profiles, if the computer will frequently change networks (such as a laptop).<br />
<br />
The manual method requires more work from you, but gives you much more control over your configuration.<br />
Usually you will have to enter a set of commands which have no persistant effect, i.e. they won't apply after a reboot.<br />
Either you enter those commands on every boot which may be quite cumbersome, or you put all these commands in a shell script to automate the process. This script can even be executed automatically at boot time. See [[Arch Boot Process]].<br />
<br />
===Management methods===<br />
The following table shows the different methods that can be used to activate and manage a wireless network connection, depending on the encryption and management types, and the various tools that are required. Although there may be other possibilities, these are the most frequently used:<br />
{| border="1"<br />
! Management || No encryption/WEP || WPA/WPA2 PSK<br />
|-<br />
| Manual || {{pkg|iproute2}} + {{ic|iwconfig}} + {{ic|dhcpcd}}/{{ic|iproute2}} || {{ic|iproute2}} + {{ic|iwconfig}} + [[WPA supplicant|wpa_supplicant]] + {{ic|dhcpcd}}/{{ic|iproute2}}<br />
|-<br />
| Automatically managed, with network profiles support || colspan="2" align="center" | [[netctl]], [[netcfg]], [[Wicd]], [[NetworkManager]], etc.<br />
|}<br />
<br />
More choice guide: <br />
{| border="1"<br />
! Management || Auto connect at boot || Auto connect if dropped <br>or changed location || support 3G Modem || GUI || Console tools<br />
|-<br />
| [[Netctl]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|netctl}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Netcfg]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|wifi-select}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Wicd]] || Yes || Yes || - || Yes || {{ic|wicd-curses}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[NetworkManager]] +<br> {{pkg|network-manager-applet}} || Yes || Yes || Yes || Yes || {{ic|nmcli}}<br />
|}<br />
<br />
Please note that the Linux wireless extensions and corresponding commands like {{ic|iwconfig}} or {{ic|iwlist}} have become deprecated and are replaced by {{ic|iw}}, which has to be installed seperately from the core-repository. This is not fully reflected in this wiki yet and both still work. A comparison of common commands is found on [http://linuxwireless.org/en/users/Documentation/iw/replace-iwconfig Linuxwireless].<br />
<br />
{{Tip|<br />
*Whatever your choice, '''you should try to connect using the manual method first'''. This will help you understand the different steps that are required and debug them in case a problem arose.<br />
*If possible (e.g. if you manage your Wi-Fi access point), try connecting with no encryption, to check everything works. Then try using encryption, either WEP (simpler to configure -- but crackable in a matter of seconds, so it is hardly more secure than an unencrypted connection), WPA, or WPA2.}}<br />
<br />
When it comes to ease of use, NetworkManager (with GNOME's {{pkg|network-manager-applet}}) and {{ic|wicd}} have good GUI's and can provide a list of available networks to connect, and they prompt for passwords, which is straightforward and highly recommended. WPA Supplicant has also a GUI configuration tool, {{pkg|wpa_supplicant_gui}}.<br />
<br />
{{Note|GNOME's {{pkg|network-manager-applet}} also works under [[Xfce]] if you install {{AUR|xfce4-xfapplet-plugin}} first. {{AUR|xfce4-xfapplet-plugin}} is in the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]], but it is orphaned and may not work. Additionally, there are applets available for [[KDE]].}}<br />
<br />
===Manual setup===<br />
The programs provided by the package {{pkg|wireless_tools}} are the basic set of tools to set up a wireless network. Additionally the {{pkg|iw}} package provides the new tool. Moreover, if you use WPA/WPA2 encryption, you will need the package {{pkg|wpa_supplicant}}. These powerful user-space console tools work extremely well and allow complete, manual control from the shell.<br />
<br />
These examples assume your wireless device is ''wlan0''. Replace ''wlan0'' with the appropriate device name.<br />
{{Note|Depending on your hardware and encryption type, some of these steps may not be necessary. Some cards are known to require interface activation and/or access point scanning before being associated to an access point and being given an IP address. Some experimentation may be required. For instance, WPA/WPA2 users may directly try to activate their wireless network from step 3.}}<br />
<br />
====Operating mode====<br />
''(Optional, may be required)'' At this step you may need to set the proper operating mode of the wireless card. More specifically, if you are going to connect an ad-hoc network, you might need to set the operating mode to ''ad-hoc:''<br />
<br />
# iw wlan0 set type ibss<br />
<br />
{{Note|Ideally, you should already know which type of network you are going to connect to. If you do not, scan the network as described in step 2 below, then, if necessary, return back to this step and change the mode. Also, please keep in mind that changing the operating mode might require the wireless interface to be ''down'' ({{ic|ip link set wlan0 down}}).}}<br />
<br />
====Interface activation====<br />
''(Also optional, may be required)'' Some cards require that the kernel interface be activated before you can use the {{ic|wireless_tools}}:<br />
# ip link set wlan0 up<br />
<br />
====Access point discovery====<br />
See what access points are available:<br />
# iw dev wlan0 scan | less<br />
or<br />
$ iwlist wlan0 scanning | less<br />
{{Note|If it displays "''Interface doesn't support scanning''" then you probably forgot to install the firmware. You can also try bringing up the interface first as shown in point 1. In some cases this message is also displayed when not running iw as root. <br />
Also, your wireless network card may be soft-blocked. Try getting {{pkg|rfkill}} and running {{ic|rfkill list all}} to check.}}<br />
<br />
The important points to check:<br />
* ESSID: the "name" of the access point.<br />
* Quality: in general try something above 40/70.<br />
* Encryption key: if it is "on", check if you can see any line regarding<br />
** WEP, WPA, or RSN. Note that RSN and WPA2 are different names for the protocol.<br />
** Group cipher: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others.<br />
** Pairwise ciphers: value in TKIP, CCMP, both, others. Not necessarily the same value than Group cipher.<br />
** Authentication Suites: value in PSK, 802.1x, others. For home router, you'll usually find PSK (''i.e.'' passphrase). In universities, you are more likely to find 802.1x suite which requires login and password. Then you will need to know which key management is in use (e.g. EAP), and what encapsulation it uses (e.g. PEAP). Find more details at [[Wikipedia:List_of_authentication_protocols]] and the sub-articles.<br />
<br />
====Association====<br />
Depending on the encryption, you need to associate your wireless device with the access point to use and pass the encryption key.<br />
<br />
Assuming you want to use the ESSID {{ic|MyEssid}}:<br />
{{Note|The essid is usually just the name of the network you want to connect to.}}<br />
* '''No encryption'''<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid"<br />
Or, alternatively, for the new netlink interface<br />
# iw wlan0 connect MyEssid<br />
* '''WEP'''<br />
using a hexadecimal key:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key 1234567890<br />
using an ASCII key:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 essid "MyEssid" key s:asciikey<br />
* '''WPA/WPA2'''<br />
<br />
You need to edit the {{ic|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf}} file as described in [[WPA_Supplicant]] and according to what you got from [[#Access point discovery]]. Then, issue this command:<br />
# wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
<br />
This is assuming your device uses the {{ic|wext}} driver. If this does not work, you may need to adjust these options. <br />
If connected successfully, continue in a new terminal (or quit {{ic|wpa_supplicant}} with {{Keypress|Ctrl+c}} and add the {{ic|-B}} switch to the above command to run it in the background). [[WPA_Supplicant]] contains more information and troubleshooting.<br />
<br />
Regardless of the method used, you can check if you have associated successfully as follows:<br />
# iwconfig wlan0<br />
Or, alternatively, for the new netlink interface<br />
# iw dev wlan0 link<br />
<br />
{{Note|In some setups it may still display "Access Point: Not-Associated", continue on to the next step.}}<br />
<br />
====Getting an IP address====<br />
Finally, provide an IP address to the network interface. Simple examples are:<br />
# dhcpcd wlan0<br />
for DHCP, or<br />
# ip addr add 192.168.0.2/24 dev wlan0<br />
# ip route add default via 192.168.0.1<br />
for static IP addressing.<br />
<br />
{{Note|If you get a timeout error due to a ''waiting for carrier'' problem, then you might have to set the channel mode to {{ic|auto}} for the specific device.}}<br />
# iwconfig wlan0 channel auto <br />
Before changing the channel to auto, make sure your wireless interface (in this case, 'wlan0') is '''down'''. After it has successfully changed it, you can again bring the interface up and continue from there.<br />
<br />
{{Note|Although the manual configuration method will help troubleshoot wireless problems, you will have to re-type every command each time you reboot. You can also quickly write a shell script to automate the whole process, which is still a quite convenient way of managing networks while keeping full control over your configuration.}}<br />
<br />
====Manual wireless connection at boot using systemd and dhcpcd====<br />
To have [[systemd]] connect to a manually configured wireless network at boot:<br />
<br />
Create {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}} to store your interface or static IP settings in:<br />
{{hc|/etc/conf.d/network|<nowiki><br />
interface=wlan0<br />
address=192.168.0.10<br />
netmask=24<br />
broadcast=192.168.0.255<br />
gateway=192.168.0.1<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Create a systemctl unit e.g: {{ic|/etc/systemd/system/network.service}}. This example uses dhcpcd and [[WPA supplicant]].<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-${interface}.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-${interface}.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev ${interface} up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i ${interface} -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dhcpcd ${interface}<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Or without {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}}:<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-wlan0.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-wlan0.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev wlan0 up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dhcpcd wlan0<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Do not forget to enable it!<br />
# systemctl enable network<br />
<br />
To test, reboot or make sure all other network daemons are stopped and then issue as superuser<br />
# systemctl start network<br />
<br />
====Systemd with wpa_supplicant and static IP====<br />
This example configuration uses the new systemd-197 interface naming scheme.<br />
<br />
See http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames<br />
<br />
https://mailman.archlinux.org/pipermail/arch-dev-public/2013-January/024231.html<br />
<br />
Run this script as non-root to find your interface names:<br />
<br />
for i in /sys/class/net/*; do<br />
echo "==$i"<br />
udevadm test-builtin net_id "$i";<br />
echo<br />
done 2>/dev/null<br />
<br />
Create {{ic|/etc/conf.d/network}}<br />
{{hc|/etc/conf.d/network|<nowiki><br />
address=192.168.0.10<br />
netmask=24<br />
broadcast=192.168.0.255<br />
gateway=192.168.0.1<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Install {{ic|wpa_supplicant}} and create {{ic|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf}}. See [[WPA supplicant]]<br />
{{hc|/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf|<nowiki><br />
ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=network<br />
update_config=1<br />
network={<br />
ssid="My-Wireless"<br />
psk=b705a6bfcd5639d5c40cd972cd4048cfb94572987f30d324c82036317b91a138<br />
}<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Create a systemd unit file containing the name of the interface: {{ic|/etc/systemd/system/network@wlp0s26f7u3.service}}<br />
{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/network@wlp0s26f7u3.service|<nowiki><br />
[Unit]<br />
Description=Network Connectivity (%i)<br />
Wants=network.target<br />
Before=network.target<br />
BindsTo=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device<br />
After=sys-subsystem-net-devices-%i.device<br />
<br />
[Service]<br />
Type=oneshot<br />
RemainAfterExit=yes<br />
EnvironmentFile=/etc/conf.d/network<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i up<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/wpa_supplicant -B -i %i -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip addr add ${address}/${netmask} broadcast ${broadcast} dev %i<br />
ExecStart=/usr/bin/ip route add default via ${gateway}<br />
ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip addr flush dev %i<br />
ExecStop=/usr/bin/ip link set dev %i down<br />
<br />
[Install]<br />
WantedBy=multi-user.target<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
Enable the unit and start it.<br />
# systemctl enable network@wlp0s26f7u3.service<br />
# systemctl start network@wlp0s26f7u3.service<br />
<br />
===Automatic setup===<br />
There are many solutions to choose from, but remember that all of them are mutually exclusive; you should not run two daemons simultaneously.<br />
<br />
====Netctl====<br />
{{ic|netctl}} is a replacement for netcfg designed to work with systemd.<br />
<br />
See: [[Netctl]]<br />
<br />
====Netcfg====<br />
{{ic|netcfg}} provides a ''versatile, robust and fast'' solution to networking on Arch Linux.<br />
<br />
netcfg uses a profile based setup and is capable of detection and connection to a wide range of network types. This is no harder than using graphical tools.<br />
<br />
See: [[Netcfg]]<br />
<br />
====Wicd====<br />
Wicd is a network manager that can handle both wireless and wired connections. It is written in Python and Gtk with fewer dependencies than NetworkManager, making it an ideal solution for lightweight desktop users. Wicd is available in the [[Official Repositories|official repositories]].<br />
<br />
See: [[Wicd]]<br />
<br />
====NetworkManager====<br />
NetworkManager is an advanced network management tool that is enabled by default in most popular GNU/Linux distributions. In addition to managing wired connections, NetworkManager provides worry-free wireless roaming with an easy-to-use GUI program for selecting your desired network. <br />
<br />
If you do not use [[GNOME]] but use a window manager like [[Openbox]] or [[xmonad]], do not forget to [[pacman|install]] {{Pkg|polkit-gnome}}, {{Pkg|gnome-keyring}}, {{Pkg|libgnome-keyring}}, and {{Pkg|pyxdg}} to manage WEP, WPA, and WPA2 connections.<br />
<br />
See: [[NetworkManager]]<br />
<br />
====WiFi Radar====<br />
WiFi Radar is a Python/PyGTK2 utility for managing wireless profiles (and ''only'' wireless). It enables you to scan for available networks and create profiles for your preferred networks.<br />
<br />
See: [[Wifi Radar]]<br />
<br />
====wlassistant====<br />
wlassistant is a very intuitive and straight-forward GUI application for managing your wireless connections. <br />
<br />
Install the {{AUR|wlassistant}} package from the [[Arch User Repository|AUR]].<br />
<br />
wlassistant must be run with root privileges:<br />
# wlassistant<br />
<br />
{{out of date|References {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}} which is deprecated and does not give clear instructions for configuration outside of {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}.}}<br />
One method of using wlassistant is to configure your wireless card within {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}, specifying the access point you use most often. On start-up, your card will automatically be configured for this ESSID, but if other wireless networks are needed/available, {{ic|wlassistant}} can then be invoked to access them. Background the {{ic|network}} daemon in {{ic|/etc/rc.conf}}, by prefixing it with a {{ic|@}} to avoid boot-up delays.<br />
<br />
==Power saving==<br />
<br />
See [[Power_saving#Wireless_power_saving]].<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Sharing PPP Connection]]<br />
*[[Ad-hoc networking]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ NetworkManager] -- The official website for NetworkManager<br />
*[http://wicd.sourceforge.net/ WICD] -- The official website for WICD<br />
*[http://wifi-radar.berlios.de/ WiFi Radar] -- WiFi Radar information page<br />
*[http://madwifi-project.org/wiki/UserDocs/FirstTimeHowTo The MadWifi project's method of installing] -- Recommended if you are having trouble after reading this article</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Yaourt&diff=264762Yaourt2013-06-30T13:07:58Z<p>LucidComplex: /* Installation */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Package management]]<br />
[[Category:Arch User Repository]]<br />
[[ar:Yaourt]]<br />
[[cs:Yaourt]]<br />
[[de:Yaourt]]<br />
[[es:Yaourt]]<br />
[[fa:Yaourt]]<br />
[[fr:Yaourt]]<br />
[[it:Yaourt]]<br />
[[ja:Yaourt]]<br />
[[lt:Yaourt]]<br />
[[pl:Yaourt]]<br />
[[ru:Yaourt]]<br />
[[sr:Yaourt]]<br />
[[tr:Yaourt]]<br />
[[uk:Yaourt]]<br />
[[zh-CN:Yaourt]]<br />
[[zh-TW:Yaourt]]<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|How to install and use yaourt.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|AUR Helpers}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
[http://www.archlinux.fr/yaourt-en/ Yaourt] ('''Y'''et '''A'''n'''O'''ther '''U'''ser '''R'''epository '''T'''ool; [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaourt French for 'Yogurt']) is a community-contributed wrapper for pacman which adds seamless access to the [[AUR]], allowing and automating package compilation and installation from your choice of the thousands of PKGBUILDs in the [[AUR]], in addition to the many thousands of available Arch Linux binary packages. Yaourt uses the same exact syntax as pacman, which saves you from relearning an entirely new method of system maintenance but also adds new options. Yaourt expands the power and simplicity of pacman by adding even more useful features and provides pleasing, colorized output, interactive search mode, and much more.<br />
<br />
{{Warning|Yaourt is an unofficial, third-party script that is not supported by the Arch Linux developers.}}<br />
{{Note|Please report bugs at the [http://bugs.archlinux.fr archlinux.fr bugtracker].}}<br />
<br />
==Installation==<br />
First you need to install {{AUR|package-query}} as a dependency, and then the {{aur|yaourt}} package itself. Since both those packages are available from the AUR, you will have to install them with the official method for installing unsupported packages, which is exhaustively described in the [[Arch User Repository]] article. It is important that you understand what "unsupported package" really means, and you can take this as an opportunity to learn what are the operations that [[AUR helpers]] like yaourt make automatic.<br />
<br />
Alternatively you can add the archlinuxfr repo as described on the [http://archlinux.fr/yaourt-en yaourt homepage] by adding this to your {{ic|/etc/pacman.conf}}:<br />
[archlinuxfr]<br />
SigLevel = Never<br />
Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch<br />
and running<br />
# pacman -Sy yaourt<br />
<br />
==Proxy Settings==<br />
<br />
If you access the Internet through an HTTP proxy, you may have to set the environment variables {{ic|http_proxy}} and {{ic|https_proxy}} in your {{ic|~/.bashrc}} (setting only {{ic|http_proxy}} will prevent you from downloading the package from AUR):<br />
$ export http_proxy='<nowiki>http://proxy.hostname.com:port</nowiki>'<br />
$ export https_proxy='<nowiki>https://proxy.hostname.com:port</nowiki>'<br />
<br />
For more information, check {{ic|curl}}'s man page.<br />
<br />
[[sudo]] does not keep environment variables like {{ic|http_proxy}}, so if you use sudo, you must use {{ic|visudo}} command to edit {{ic|/etc/sudoers}} and add:<br />
Defaults env_keep += "http_proxy"<br />
Defaults env_keep += "https_proxy"<br />
Defaults env_keep += "ftp_proxy"<br />
<br />
==Using yaourt==<br />
<br />
You can install packages (including [[AUR]] packages) with<br />
<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt ''packagename''}}<br />
<br />
You can update your system including [[AUR]] packages with:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Syua}}<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
Search and install:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt <search pattern>}}<br />
Sync database, upgrade packages, search the AUR and devel (all packages based on cvs, svn, git, bzr(...)-version) upgrades:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Syua --devel }}<br />
Build package from source:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Sb <package>}}<br />
Check, edit, merge or remove *.pac* files:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -C}}<br />
Get a PKGBUILD (support split package):<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -G <package>}}<br />
Build and export package, its sources to a directory:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Sb --export <dir> <package>}}<br />
Backup database:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -B}}<br />
Query backup file:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Q --backupfile <file>}}<br />
<br />
See also: [[Pacman]] and [[Pacman Tips]].<br />
<br />
==Troubleshooting==<br />
<br />
===Yaourt asking for password twice===<br />
If you disable the {{ic|sudo}} password timeout by adding<br />
Defaults timestamp_timeout=0<br />
to {{ic|/etc/sudoers}}, then yaourt will ask for your password twice each time you try to perform an operation that requires root. To prevent this, add:<br />
SUDONOVERIF=1<br />
to {{ic|/etc/yaourtrc}} or to {{ic|~/.yaourtrc}}<br />
<br />
===Yaourt freezing / system heavy slowdown===<br />
Mostly a problem for systems with less RAM or a smaller swap space. Yaourt uses /tmp to compile in by default. By default this is all in RAM as it's a tmpfs. Change the location in {{ic|/etc/yaourtrc}} (uncomment "TMPDIR = " line) to somewhere else to avoid clogging up your system.</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Yaourt&diff=264761Yaourt2013-06-30T13:07:21Z<p>LucidComplex: /* Installation */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Package management]]<br />
[[Category:Arch User Repository]]<br />
[[ar:Yaourt]]<br />
[[cs:Yaourt]]<br />
[[de:Yaourt]]<br />
[[es:Yaourt]]<br />
[[fa:Yaourt]]<br />
[[fr:Yaourt]]<br />
[[it:Yaourt]]<br />
[[ja:Yaourt]]<br />
[[lt:Yaourt]]<br />
[[pl:Yaourt]]<br />
[[ru:Yaourt]]<br />
[[sr:Yaourt]]<br />
[[tr:Yaourt]]<br />
[[uk:Yaourt]]<br />
[[zh-CN:Yaourt]]<br />
[[zh-TW:Yaourt]]<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|How to install and use yaourt.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|AUR Helpers}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
[http://www.archlinux.fr/yaourt-en/ Yaourt] ('''Y'''et '''A'''n'''O'''ther '''U'''ser '''R'''epository '''T'''ool; [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaourt French for 'Yogurt']) is a community-contributed wrapper for pacman which adds seamless access to the [[AUR]], allowing and automating package compilation and installation from your choice of the thousands of PKGBUILDs in the [[AUR]], in addition to the many thousands of available Arch Linux binary packages. Yaourt uses the same exact syntax as pacman, which saves you from relearning an entirely new method of system maintenance but also adds new options. Yaourt expands the power and simplicity of pacman by adding even more useful features and provides pleasing, colorized output, interactive search mode, and much more.<br />
<br />
{{Warning|Yaourt is an unofficial, third-party script that is not supported by the Arch Linux developers.}}<br />
{{Note|Please report bugs at the [http://bugs.archlinux.fr archlinux.fr bugtracker].}}<br />
<br />
==Installation==<br />
First you need to install {{AUR|package-query}} as a dependency, and then the {{aur|yaourt}} package itself. Since both those packages are available from the AUR, you will have to install them with the official method for installing unsupported packages, which is exhaustively described in the [[Arch User Repository]] article. It is important that you understand what "unsupported package" really means, and you can take this as an opportunity to learn what are the operations that [[AUR helpers]] like yaourt make automatic.<br />
<br />
Alternatively you can add the archlinuxfr repo as described on the [http://archlinux.fr/yaourt-en yaourt homepage] by adding this to your {{ic|/etc/pacman.conf}}:<br />
[archlinuxfr]<br />
SigLevel = Never<br />
Server = http://repo.archlinux.fr/$arch<br />
and running<br />
# pacman --sync --refresh yaourt<br />
<br />
==Proxy Settings==<br />
<br />
If you access the Internet through an HTTP proxy, you may have to set the environment variables {{ic|http_proxy}} and {{ic|https_proxy}} in your {{ic|~/.bashrc}} (setting only {{ic|http_proxy}} will prevent you from downloading the package from AUR):<br />
$ export http_proxy='<nowiki>http://proxy.hostname.com:port</nowiki>'<br />
$ export https_proxy='<nowiki>https://proxy.hostname.com:port</nowiki>'<br />
<br />
For more information, check {{ic|curl}}'s man page.<br />
<br />
[[sudo]] does not keep environment variables like {{ic|http_proxy}}, so if you use sudo, you must use {{ic|visudo}} command to edit {{ic|/etc/sudoers}} and add:<br />
Defaults env_keep += "http_proxy"<br />
Defaults env_keep += "https_proxy"<br />
Defaults env_keep += "ftp_proxy"<br />
<br />
==Using yaourt==<br />
<br />
You can install packages (including [[AUR]] packages) with<br />
<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt ''packagename''}}<br />
<br />
You can update your system including [[AUR]] packages with:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Syua}}<br />
<br />
==Examples==<br />
<br />
Search and install:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt <search pattern>}}<br />
Sync database, upgrade packages, search the AUR and devel (all packages based on cvs, svn, git, bzr(...)-version) upgrades:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Syua --devel }}<br />
Build package from source:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Sb <package>}}<br />
Check, edit, merge or remove *.pac* files:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -C}}<br />
Get a PKGBUILD (support split package):<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -G <package>}}<br />
Build and export package, its sources to a directory:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Sb --export <dir> <package>}}<br />
Backup database:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -B}}<br />
Query backup file:<br />
{{bc|$ yaourt -Q --backupfile <file>}}<br />
<br />
See also: [[Pacman]] and [[Pacman Tips]].<br />
<br />
==Troubleshooting==<br />
<br />
===Yaourt asking for password twice===<br />
If you disable the {{ic|sudo}} password timeout by adding<br />
Defaults timestamp_timeout=0<br />
to {{ic|/etc/sudoers}}, then yaourt will ask for your password twice each time you try to perform an operation that requires root. To prevent this, add:<br />
SUDONOVERIF=1<br />
to {{ic|/etc/yaourtrc}} or to {{ic|~/.yaourtrc}}<br />
<br />
===Yaourt freezing / system heavy slowdown===<br />
Mostly a problem for systems with less RAM or a smaller swap space. Yaourt uses /tmp to compile in by default. By default this is all in RAM as it's a tmpfs. Change the location in {{ic|/etc/yaourtrc}} (uncomment "TMPDIR = " line) to somewhere else to avoid clogging up your system.</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Benchmarking&diff=264705Benchmarking2013-06-29T16:14:19Z<p>LucidComplex: /* time */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Hardware]]<br />
Benchmarking is the act of measuring performance and comparing the results to another system's results or a widely accepted standard through a unified procedure. This unified method of evaluating system performance can help answer questions such as:<br />
<br />
* Is the system performing as it should?<br />
* What driver version should be used to get optimal performance?<br />
* Is the system capable of doing task x?<br />
<br />
Many tools can be used to determine system performance, the following provides a list of tools available.<br />
== Stand alone tools ==<br />
===glxgears (and why not to use this as a benchmark) ===<br />
<br />
# pacman -S mesa-demos<br />
<br />
Glxgears is a popular OpenGL test that renders a very simple OpenGL performance and outputs the frame rate. Though glxgears can be useful as a test of direct rendering capabilities of the graphics driver, glxgears is an outdated tool that is not representative of the current state of linux graphics and overall OpenGL possibilities.<br />
<br />
So to summarize, glxgears only tests a small part of what you typically see in a 3D game. You could have glxgears FPS performance increase, but your 3D game performance decrease. Likewise, you could have glxgears performance decrease and your 3D game performance increase. [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Glxgears_is_not_a_Benchmark source]<br />
<br />
=== superpi ===<br />
http://myownlittleworld.com/miscellaneous/computers/pilargetable.html<br />
<br />
superpi is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/super_pi/<br />
<br />
=== interbench ===<br />
This benchmark application is designed to benchmark interactivity in Linux. <br />
<br />
It is designed to measure the effect of changes in Linux kernel design or system configuration changes such as CPU, I/O scheduler and filesystem changes and options. With careful benchmarking, different hardware can be compared.<br />
<br />
interbench is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=2093<br />
<br />
=== (n)ttcp ===<br />
(n)ttcp measures point-to-point bandwidth over any network connection, the binary must be provided on both nodes between which you want to determine bandwidth. nttcp is a a much more convenient rewrite of ttcp.<br />
<br />
=== iperf ===<br />
iperf is a very easy to use point-to-point bandwidth testing tool that can use either TCP or UDP. It has nicely formatted output and a parallel test mode.<br />
<br />
nttcp is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=11469<br />
<br />
=== time ===<br />
The time command provides timing statistics about the command run by displaying the time that passed between invocation and termination. Time is available on most basic linux systems.<br />
<br />
$ time tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz<br />
<br />
=== times ===<br />
{{Expansion|Obvious! Write sth and delete this. Or delete the heading.}}<br />
<br />
=== hdparm ===<br />
You can Benchmark storage media with [[Hdparm]].<br />
<br />
This can also be done with dd and Co. There is an Article about [[Benchmarking disk wipes]].<br />
<br />
=== unigine (Heavens, Tropics and Sanctuary OpenGL Benchmark) ===<br />
Unigine[http://www.unigine.com/] has produced several modern OpenGL benchmarks based on their graphics engine with features such as:<br />
* Per-pixel dynamic lighting<br />
* Normal & parallax occlusion mapping<br />
* 64-bit HDR rendering<br />
* Volumetric fog and light<br />
* Powerful particle systems: fire, smoke, explosions<br />
* Extensible set of shaders (GLSL / HLSL)<br />
* Post-processing: depth of field, refraction, glow, blurring, color correction and much more.<br />
<br />
unigine-heavens is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=35901<br />
<br />
unigine-tropics is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=25420<br />
<br />
unigine-sanctuary is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=45959<br />
<br />
== Software suites ==<br />
=== Bonnie++ ===<br />
This C++ rewrite of the original Bonnie benchmarking suite is aimed at performing several tests of hard drive and filesystem performance.<br />
<br />
Bonnie++ is available in package {{Pkg|bonnie++}}.<br />
<br />
=== iozone ===<br />
Iozone is useful for performing a broad filesystem analysis of a vendor’s computer platform. See this thread: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=969463<br />
<br />
iozone is available in {{AUR|iozone}}.<br />
<br />
=== Hardinfo ===<br />
HardInfo can gather information about your system's hardware and operating system, perform benchmarks, and generate printable reports either in HTML or in plain text formats. Hardinfo performs CPU and FPU benchmarks and has a very clean GTK UI.<br />
<br />
hardinfo is available in {{Pkg|hardinfo}}.<br />
<br />
=== Phoronix Test Suite ===<br />
The [http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/ Phoronix Test Suite] is the most comprehensive testing and benchmarking platform available for the Linux operating system. This software is designed to effectively carry out both qualitative and quantitative benchmarks in a clean, reproducible, and easy-to-use manner. This software is based upon the extensive Linux benchmarking work and internal tools developed by Phoronix.com since 2004 along with input from leading tier-one computer hardware vendors. This software is open-source and licensed under the GNU GPLv3. The Phoronix Test Suite consists of a lightweight processing core (pts-core) with each benchmark consisting of an XML-based profile with related resource scripts. The process from the benchmark installation, to the actual benchmarking, to the parsing of important hardware and software components is heavily automated and completely repeatable, asking users only for confirmation of actions.<br />
<br />
This suite can be [[pacman|Installed]] with the package {{pkg|phoronix-test-suite}} , available in the [[Official Repositories]].<br />
<br />
=== PTS Desktop Live 2010.1 ===<br />
As an alternative to the installation of the Phoronix Test Suite to the system, Phoronix also provides a Live-CD. This Live-CD offers all the features of the Phoronix Test Suite and includes the latest [[ATI]] and [[NVIDIA]] binary drivers. It will allow you to run 40+ benchmarks from a live environment without the need to store anything on your hard drive and includes a working GUI interface.<br />
<br />
Website: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/?k=pts_desktop_live<br />
<br />
Documentation: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/documentation/2.4/pts_desktop_live.html<br />
<br />
== Related Links ==<br />
* [http://lbs.sourceforge.net/ Linux Benchmarking Homepage]<br />
* [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=home Phoronix.com]<br />
* [http://users.on.net/~ckolivas/interbench/ Interbench Homepage]<br />
* [http://unigine.com/download/ Unigine.com]</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Benchmarking&diff=264703Benchmarking2013-06-29T16:11:45Z<p>LucidComplex: /* time */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Hardware]]<br />
Benchmarking is the act of measuring performance and comparing the results to another system's results or a widely accepted standard through a unified procedure. This unified method of evaluating system performance can help answer questions such as:<br />
<br />
* Is the system performing as it should?<br />
* What driver version should be used to get optimal performance?<br />
* Is the system capable of doing task x?<br />
<br />
Many tools can be used to determine system performance, the following provides a list of tools available.<br />
== Stand alone tools ==<br />
===glxgears (and why not to use this as a benchmark) ===<br />
<br />
# pacman -S mesa-demos<br />
<br />
Glxgears is a popular OpenGL test that renders a very simple OpenGL performance and outputs the frame rate. Though glxgears can be useful as a test of direct rendering capabilities of the graphics driver, glxgears is an outdated tool that is not representative of the current state of linux graphics and overall OpenGL possibilities.<br />
<br />
So to summarize, glxgears only tests a small part of what you typically see in a 3D game. You could have glxgears FPS performance increase, but your 3D game performance decrease. Likewise, you could have glxgears performance decrease and your 3D game performance increase. [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Glxgears_is_not_a_Benchmark source]<br />
<br />
=== superpi ===<br />
http://myownlittleworld.com/miscellaneous/computers/pilargetable.html<br />
<br />
superpi is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/super_pi/<br />
<br />
=== interbench ===<br />
This benchmark application is designed to benchmark interactivity in Linux. <br />
<br />
It is designed to measure the effect of changes in Linux kernel design or system configuration changes such as CPU, I/O scheduler and filesystem changes and options. With careful benchmarking, different hardware can be compared.<br />
<br />
interbench is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=2093<br />
<br />
=== (n)ttcp ===<br />
(n)ttcp measures point-to-point bandwidth over any network connection, the binary must be provided on both nodes between which you want to determine bandwidth. nttcp is a a much more convenient rewrite of ttcp.<br />
<br />
=== iperf ===<br />
iperf is a very easy to use point-to-point bandwidth testing tool that can use either TCP or UDP. It has nicely formatted output and a parallel test mode.<br />
<br />
nttcp is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=11469<br />
<br />
=== time ===<br />
The time command provides timing statistics about the command run by displaying the time that passed between invocation and termination. Time is available on most basic linux systems.<br />
$ time tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz<br />
<br />
=== times ===<br />
{{Expansion|Obvious! Write sth and delete this. Or delete the heading.}}<br />
<br />
=== hdparm ===<br />
You can Benchmark storage media with [[Hdparm]].<br />
<br />
This can also be done with dd and Co. There is an Article about [[Benchmarking disk wipes]].<br />
<br />
=== unigine (Heavens, Tropics and Sanctuary OpenGL Benchmark) ===<br />
Unigine[http://www.unigine.com/] has produced several modern OpenGL benchmarks based on their graphics engine with features such as:<br />
* Per-pixel dynamic lighting<br />
* Normal & parallax occlusion mapping<br />
* 64-bit HDR rendering<br />
* Volumetric fog and light<br />
* Powerful particle systems: fire, smoke, explosions<br />
* Extensible set of shaders (GLSL / HLSL)<br />
* Post-processing: depth of field, refraction, glow, blurring, color correction and much more.<br />
<br />
unigine-heavens is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=35901<br />
<br />
unigine-tropics is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=25420<br />
<br />
unigine-sanctuary is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=45959<br />
<br />
== Software suites ==<br />
=== Bonnie++ ===<br />
This C++ rewrite of the original Bonnie benchmarking suite is aimed at performing several tests of hard drive and filesystem performance.<br />
<br />
Bonnie++ is available in package {{Pkg|bonnie++}}.<br />
<br />
=== iozone ===<br />
Iozone is useful for performing a broad filesystem analysis of a vendor’s computer platform. See this thread: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=969463<br />
<br />
iozone is available in {{AUR|iozone}}.<br />
<br />
=== Hardinfo ===<br />
HardInfo can gather information about your system's hardware and operating system, perform benchmarks, and generate printable reports either in HTML or in plain text formats. Hardinfo performs CPU and FPU benchmarks and has a very clean GTK UI.<br />
<br />
hardinfo is available in {{Pkg|hardinfo}}.<br />
<br />
=== Phoronix Test Suite ===<br />
The [http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/ Phoronix Test Suite] is the most comprehensive testing and benchmarking platform available for the Linux operating system. This software is designed to effectively carry out both qualitative and quantitative benchmarks in a clean, reproducible, and easy-to-use manner. This software is based upon the extensive Linux benchmarking work and internal tools developed by Phoronix.com since 2004 along with input from leading tier-one computer hardware vendors. This software is open-source and licensed under the GNU GPLv3. The Phoronix Test Suite consists of a lightweight processing core (pts-core) with each benchmark consisting of an XML-based profile with related resource scripts. The process from the benchmark installation, to the actual benchmarking, to the parsing of important hardware and software components is heavily automated and completely repeatable, asking users only for confirmation of actions.<br />
<br />
This suite can be [[pacman|Installed]] with the package {{pkg|phoronix-test-suite}} , available in the [[Official Repositories]].<br />
<br />
=== PTS Desktop Live 2010.1 ===<br />
As an alternative to the installation of the Phoronix Test Suite to the system, Phoronix also provides a Live-CD. This Live-CD offers all the features of the Phoronix Test Suite and includes the latest [[ATI]] and [[NVIDIA]] binary drivers. It will allow you to run 40+ benchmarks from a live environment without the need to store anything on your hard drive and includes a working GUI interface.<br />
<br />
Website: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/?k=pts_desktop_live<br />
<br />
Documentation: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/documentation/2.4/pts_desktop_live.html<br />
<br />
== Related Links ==<br />
* [http://lbs.sourceforge.net/ Linux Benchmarking Homepage]<br />
* [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=home Phoronix.com]<br />
* [http://users.on.net/~ckolivas/interbench/ Interbench Homepage]<br />
* [http://unigine.com/download/ Unigine.com]</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Benchmarking&diff=264702Benchmarking2013-06-29T16:11:10Z<p>LucidComplex: /* iperf */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Hardware]]<br />
Benchmarking is the act of measuring performance and comparing the results to another system's results or a widely accepted standard through a unified procedure. This unified method of evaluating system performance can help answer questions such as:<br />
<br />
* Is the system performing as it should?<br />
* What driver version should be used to get optimal performance?<br />
* Is the system capable of doing task x?<br />
<br />
Many tools can be used to determine system performance, the following provides a list of tools available.<br />
== Stand alone tools ==<br />
===glxgears (and why not to use this as a benchmark) ===<br />
<br />
# pacman -S mesa-demos<br />
<br />
Glxgears is a popular OpenGL test that renders a very simple OpenGL performance and outputs the frame rate. Though glxgears can be useful as a test of direct rendering capabilities of the graphics driver, glxgears is an outdated tool that is not representative of the current state of linux graphics and overall OpenGL possibilities.<br />
<br />
So to summarize, glxgears only tests a small part of what you typically see in a 3D game. You could have glxgears FPS performance increase, but your 3D game performance decrease. Likewise, you could have glxgears performance decrease and your 3D game performance increase. [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Glxgears_is_not_a_Benchmark source]<br />
<br />
=== superpi ===<br />
http://myownlittleworld.com/miscellaneous/computers/pilargetable.html<br />
<br />
superpi is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/super_pi/<br />
<br />
=== interbench ===<br />
This benchmark application is designed to benchmark interactivity in Linux. <br />
<br />
It is designed to measure the effect of changes in Linux kernel design or system configuration changes such as CPU, I/O scheduler and filesystem changes and options. With careful benchmarking, different hardware can be compared.<br />
<br />
interbench is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=2093<br />
<br />
=== (n)ttcp ===<br />
(n)ttcp measures point-to-point bandwidth over any network connection, the binary must be provided on both nodes between which you want to determine bandwidth. nttcp is a a much more convenient rewrite of ttcp.<br />
<br />
=== iperf ===<br />
iperf is a very easy to use point-to-point bandwidth testing tool that can use either TCP or UDP. It has nicely formatted output and a parallel test mode.<br />
<br />
nttcp is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=11469<br />
<br />
=== time ===<br />
The time command provides timing statistics about the command run by displaying the time that passed between invocation and termination. Time is available on most basic linux systems.<br />
time tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz<br />
=== times ===<br />
{{Expansion|Obvious! Write sth and delete this. Or delete the heading.}}<br />
<br />
=== hdparm ===<br />
You can Benchmark storage media with [[Hdparm]].<br />
<br />
This can also be done with dd and Co. There is an Article about [[Benchmarking disk wipes]].<br />
<br />
=== unigine (Heavens, Tropics and Sanctuary OpenGL Benchmark) ===<br />
Unigine[http://www.unigine.com/] has produced several modern OpenGL benchmarks based on their graphics engine with features such as:<br />
* Per-pixel dynamic lighting<br />
* Normal & parallax occlusion mapping<br />
* 64-bit HDR rendering<br />
* Volumetric fog and light<br />
* Powerful particle systems: fire, smoke, explosions<br />
* Extensible set of shaders (GLSL / HLSL)<br />
* Post-processing: depth of field, refraction, glow, blurring, color correction and much more.<br />
<br />
unigine-heavens is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=35901<br />
<br />
unigine-tropics is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=25420<br />
<br />
unigine-sanctuary is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=45959<br />
<br />
== Software suites ==<br />
=== Bonnie++ ===<br />
This C++ rewrite of the original Bonnie benchmarking suite is aimed at performing several tests of hard drive and filesystem performance.<br />
<br />
Bonnie++ is available in package {{Pkg|bonnie++}}.<br />
<br />
=== iozone ===<br />
Iozone is useful for performing a broad filesystem analysis of a vendor’s computer platform. See this thread: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=969463<br />
<br />
iozone is available in {{AUR|iozone}}.<br />
<br />
=== Hardinfo ===<br />
HardInfo can gather information about your system's hardware and operating system, perform benchmarks, and generate printable reports either in HTML or in plain text formats. Hardinfo performs CPU and FPU benchmarks and has a very clean GTK UI.<br />
<br />
hardinfo is available in {{Pkg|hardinfo}}.<br />
<br />
=== Phoronix Test Suite ===<br />
The [http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/ Phoronix Test Suite] is the most comprehensive testing and benchmarking platform available for the Linux operating system. This software is designed to effectively carry out both qualitative and quantitative benchmarks in a clean, reproducible, and easy-to-use manner. This software is based upon the extensive Linux benchmarking work and internal tools developed by Phoronix.com since 2004 along with input from leading tier-one computer hardware vendors. This software is open-source and licensed under the GNU GPLv3. The Phoronix Test Suite consists of a lightweight processing core (pts-core) with each benchmark consisting of an XML-based profile with related resource scripts. The process from the benchmark installation, to the actual benchmarking, to the parsing of important hardware and software components is heavily automated and completely repeatable, asking users only for confirmation of actions.<br />
<br />
This suite can be [[pacman|Installed]] with the package {{pkg|phoronix-test-suite}} , available in the [[Official Repositories]].<br />
<br />
=== PTS Desktop Live 2010.1 ===<br />
As an alternative to the installation of the Phoronix Test Suite to the system, Phoronix also provides a Live-CD. This Live-CD offers all the features of the Phoronix Test Suite and includes the latest [[ATI]] and [[NVIDIA]] binary drivers. It will allow you to run 40+ benchmarks from a live environment without the need to store anything on your hard drive and includes a working GUI interface.<br />
<br />
Website: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/?k=pts_desktop_live<br />
<br />
Documentation: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/documentation/2.4/pts_desktop_live.html<br />
<br />
== Related Links ==<br />
* [http://lbs.sourceforge.net/ Linux Benchmarking Homepage]<br />
* [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=home Phoronix.com]<br />
* [http://users.on.net/~ckolivas/interbench/ Interbench Homepage]<br />
* [http://unigine.com/download/ Unigine.com]</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Benchmarking&diff=264701Benchmarking2013-06-29T16:09:03Z<p>LucidComplex: /* superpi */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Hardware]]<br />
Benchmarking is the act of measuring performance and comparing the results to another system's results or a widely accepted standard through a unified procedure. This unified method of evaluating system performance can help answer questions such as:<br />
<br />
* Is the system performing as it should?<br />
* What driver version should be used to get optimal performance?<br />
* Is the system capable of doing task x?<br />
<br />
Many tools can be used to determine system performance, the following provides a list of tools available.<br />
== Stand alone tools ==<br />
===glxgears (and why not to use this as a benchmark) ===<br />
<br />
# pacman -S mesa-demos<br />
<br />
Glxgears is a popular OpenGL test that renders a very simple OpenGL performance and outputs the frame rate. Though glxgears can be useful as a test of direct rendering capabilities of the graphics driver, glxgears is an outdated tool that is not representative of the current state of linux graphics and overall OpenGL possibilities.<br />
<br />
So to summarize, glxgears only tests a small part of what you typically see in a 3D game. You could have glxgears FPS performance increase, but your 3D game performance decrease. Likewise, you could have glxgears performance decrease and your 3D game performance increase. [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Glxgears_is_not_a_Benchmark source]<br />
<br />
=== superpi ===<br />
http://myownlittleworld.com/miscellaneous/computers/pilargetable.html<br />
<br />
superpi is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/super_pi/<br />
<br />
=== interbench ===<br />
This benchmark application is designed to benchmark interactivity in Linux. <br />
<br />
It is designed to measure the effect of changes in Linux kernel design or system configuration changes such as CPU, I/O scheduler and filesystem changes and options. With careful benchmarking, different hardware can be compared.<br />
<br />
interbench is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=2093<br />
<br />
=== (n)ttcp ===<br />
(n)ttcp measures point-to-point bandwidth over any network connection, the binary must be provided on both nodes between which you want to determine bandwidth. nttcp is a a much more convenient rewrite of ttcp.<br />
<br />
=== iperf ===<br />
iperf is a very easy to use point-to-point bandwidth testing tool that can use either TCP or UDP. It has nicely formatted output and a parallel test mode.<br />
<br />
nttcp is available on the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=11469<br />
=== time ===<br />
The time command provides timing statistics about the command run by displaying the time that passed between invocation and termination. Time is available on most basic linux systems.<br />
time tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz<br />
=== times ===<br />
{{Expansion|Obvious! Write sth and delete this. Or delete the heading.}}<br />
<br />
=== hdparm ===<br />
You can Benchmark storage media with [[Hdparm]].<br />
<br />
This can also be done with dd and Co. There is an Article about [[Benchmarking disk wipes]].<br />
<br />
=== unigine (Heavens, Tropics and Sanctuary OpenGL Benchmark) ===<br />
Unigine[http://www.unigine.com/] has produced several modern OpenGL benchmarks based on their graphics engine with features such as:<br />
* Per-pixel dynamic lighting<br />
* Normal & parallax occlusion mapping<br />
* 64-bit HDR rendering<br />
* Volumetric fog and light<br />
* Powerful particle systems: fire, smoke, explosions<br />
* Extensible set of shaders (GLSL / HLSL)<br />
* Post-processing: depth of field, refraction, glow, blurring, color correction and much more.<br />
<br />
unigine-heavens is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=35901<br />
<br />
unigine-tropics is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=25420<br />
<br />
unigine-sanctuary is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=45959<br />
<br />
== Software suites ==<br />
=== Bonnie++ ===<br />
This C++ rewrite of the original Bonnie benchmarking suite is aimed at performing several tests of hard drive and filesystem performance.<br />
<br />
Bonnie++ is available in package {{Pkg|bonnie++}}.<br />
<br />
=== iozone ===<br />
Iozone is useful for performing a broad filesystem analysis of a vendor’s computer platform. See this thread: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=969463<br />
<br />
iozone is available in {{AUR|iozone}}.<br />
<br />
=== Hardinfo ===<br />
HardInfo can gather information about your system's hardware and operating system, perform benchmarks, and generate printable reports either in HTML or in plain text formats. Hardinfo performs CPU and FPU benchmarks and has a very clean GTK UI.<br />
<br />
hardinfo is available in {{Pkg|hardinfo}}.<br />
<br />
=== Phoronix Test Suite ===<br />
The [http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/ Phoronix Test Suite] is the most comprehensive testing and benchmarking platform available for the Linux operating system. This software is designed to effectively carry out both qualitative and quantitative benchmarks in a clean, reproducible, and easy-to-use manner. This software is based upon the extensive Linux benchmarking work and internal tools developed by Phoronix.com since 2004 along with input from leading tier-one computer hardware vendors. This software is open-source and licensed under the GNU GPLv3. The Phoronix Test Suite consists of a lightweight processing core (pts-core) with each benchmark consisting of an XML-based profile with related resource scripts. The process from the benchmark installation, to the actual benchmarking, to the parsing of important hardware and software components is heavily automated and completely repeatable, asking users only for confirmation of actions.<br />
<br />
This suite can be [[pacman|Installed]] with the package {{pkg|phoronix-test-suite}} , available in the [[Official Repositories]].<br />
<br />
=== PTS Desktop Live 2010.1 ===<br />
As an alternative to the installation of the Phoronix Test Suite to the system, Phoronix also provides a Live-CD. This Live-CD offers all the features of the Phoronix Test Suite and includes the latest [[ATI]] and [[NVIDIA]] binary drivers. It will allow you to run 40+ benchmarks from a live environment without the need to store anything on your hard drive and includes a working GUI interface.<br />
<br />
Website: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/?k=pts_desktop_live<br />
<br />
Documentation: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/documentation/2.4/pts_desktop_live.html<br />
<br />
== Related Links ==<br />
* [http://lbs.sourceforge.net/ Linux Benchmarking Homepage]<br />
* [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=home Phoronix.com]<br />
* [http://users.on.net/~ckolivas/interbench/ Interbench Homepage]<br />
* [http://unigine.com/download/ Unigine.com]</div>LucidComplexhttps://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Benchmarking&diff=264700Benchmarking2013-06-29T16:08:17Z<p>LucidComplex: /* superpi */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Hardware]]<br />
Benchmarking is the act of measuring performance and comparing the results to another system's results or a widely accepted standard through a unified procedure. This unified method of evaluating system performance can help answer questions such as:<br />
<br />
* Is the system performing as it should?<br />
* What driver version should be used to get optimal performance?<br />
* Is the system capable of doing task x?<br />
<br />
Many tools can be used to determine system performance, the following provides a list of tools available.<br />
== Stand alone tools ==<br />
===glxgears (and why not to use this as a benchmark) ===<br />
<br />
# pacman -S mesa-demos<br />
<br />
Glxgears is a popular OpenGL test that renders a very simple OpenGL performance and outputs the frame rate. Though glxgears can be useful as a test of direct rendering capabilities of the graphics driver, glxgears is an outdated tool that is not representative of the current state of linux graphics and overall OpenGL possibilities.<br />
<br />
So to summarize, glxgears only tests a small part of what you typically see in a 3D game. You could have glxgears FPS performance increase, but your 3D game performance decrease. Likewise, you could have glxgears performance decrease and your 3D game performance increase. [http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Glxgears_is_not_a_Benchmark source]<br />
<br />
=== superpi ===<br />
http://myownlittleworld.com/miscellaneous/computers/pilargetable.html<br />
<br />
superpi is also available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/super_pi/<br />
<br />
=== interbench ===<br />
This benchmark application is designed to benchmark interactivity in Linux. <br />
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It is designed to measure the effect of changes in Linux kernel design or system configuration changes such as CPU, I/O scheduler and filesystem changes and options. With careful benchmarking, different hardware can be compared.<br />
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interbench is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=2093<br />
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=== (n)ttcp ===<br />
(n)ttcp measures point-to-point bandwidth over any network connection, the binary must be provided on both nodes between which you want to determine bandwidth. nttcp is a a much more convenient rewrite of ttcp.<br />
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=== iperf ===<br />
iperf is a very easy to use point-to-point bandwidth testing tool that can use either TCP or UDP. It has nicely formatted output and a parallel test mode.<br />
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nttcp is available on the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=11469<br />
=== time ===<br />
The time command provides timing statistics about the command run by displaying the time that passed between invocation and termination. Time is available on most basic linux systems.<br />
time tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz<br />
=== times ===<br />
{{Expansion|Obvious! Write sth and delete this. Or delete the heading.}}<br />
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=== hdparm ===<br />
You can Benchmark storage media with [[Hdparm]].<br />
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This can also be done with dd and Co. There is an Article about [[Benchmarking disk wipes]].<br />
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=== unigine (Heavens, Tropics and Sanctuary OpenGL Benchmark) ===<br />
Unigine[http://www.unigine.com/] has produced several modern OpenGL benchmarks based on their graphics engine with features such as:<br />
* Per-pixel dynamic lighting<br />
* Normal & parallax occlusion mapping<br />
* 64-bit HDR rendering<br />
* Volumetric fog and light<br />
* Powerful particle systems: fire, smoke, explosions<br />
* Extensible set of shaders (GLSL / HLSL)<br />
* Post-processing: depth of field, refraction, glow, blurring, color correction and much more.<br />
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unigine-heavens is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=35901<br />
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unigine-tropics is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=25420<br />
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unigine-sanctuary is available in the AUR: https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=45959<br />
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== Software suites ==<br />
=== Bonnie++ ===<br />
This C++ rewrite of the original Bonnie benchmarking suite is aimed at performing several tests of hard drive and filesystem performance.<br />
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Bonnie++ is available in package {{Pkg|bonnie++}}.<br />
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=== iozone ===<br />
Iozone is useful for performing a broad filesystem analysis of a vendor’s computer platform. See this thread: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=969463<br />
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iozone is available in {{AUR|iozone}}.<br />
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=== Hardinfo ===<br />
HardInfo can gather information about your system's hardware and operating system, perform benchmarks, and generate printable reports either in HTML or in plain text formats. Hardinfo performs CPU and FPU benchmarks and has a very clean GTK UI.<br />
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hardinfo is available in {{Pkg|hardinfo}}.<br />
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=== Phoronix Test Suite ===<br />
The [http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/ Phoronix Test Suite] is the most comprehensive testing and benchmarking platform available for the Linux operating system. This software is designed to effectively carry out both qualitative and quantitative benchmarks in a clean, reproducible, and easy-to-use manner. This software is based upon the extensive Linux benchmarking work and internal tools developed by Phoronix.com since 2004 along with input from leading tier-one computer hardware vendors. This software is open-source and licensed under the GNU GPLv3. The Phoronix Test Suite consists of a lightweight processing core (pts-core) with each benchmark consisting of an XML-based profile with related resource scripts. The process from the benchmark installation, to the actual benchmarking, to the parsing of important hardware and software components is heavily automated and completely repeatable, asking users only for confirmation of actions.<br />
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This suite can be [[pacman|Installed]] with the package {{pkg|phoronix-test-suite}} , available in the [[Official Repositories]].<br />
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=== PTS Desktop Live 2010.1 ===<br />
As an alternative to the installation of the Phoronix Test Suite to the system, Phoronix also provides a Live-CD. This Live-CD offers all the features of the Phoronix Test Suite and includes the latest [[ATI]] and [[NVIDIA]] binary drivers. It will allow you to run 40+ benchmarks from a live environment without the need to store anything on your hard drive and includes a working GUI interface.<br />
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Website: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/?k=pts_desktop_live<br />
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Documentation: http://www.phoronix-test-suite.com/documentation/2.4/pts_desktop_live.html<br />
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== Related Links ==<br />
* [http://lbs.sourceforge.net/ Linux Benchmarking Homepage]<br />
* [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=home Phoronix.com]<br />
* [http://users.on.net/~ckolivas/interbench/ Interbench Homepage]<br />
* [http://unigine.com/download/ Unigine.com]</div>LucidComplex