https://wiki.archlinux.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Tm8992&feedformat=atomArchWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-19T01:53:28ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.0https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Disk_quota&diff=50880Disk quota2008-10-09T18:14:47Z<p>Tm8992: added setquota (took me forever to find)</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category: Security (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
After starting administrating the network on a little school, I did learn quite a lot about Linux. Here's some of it.<br />
= Installing Quota-tools =<br />
This is a little HOWTO to setup Userquota on Arch Linux. First of all you need a full functional Arch Linux machine.<br />
Afterwards we need to get the package ''quota-tools''.<br />
<pre><br />
$ pacman -Sy quota-tools<br />
</pre><br />
= Configuration =<br />
Now we got the things we need. and are ready for the configuration.<br />
First we need to edit ''/etc/fstab'' - thats where we decide which mounts we need to make a quota on. Let's say we have a special harddrive thats mounted in /home - the line in /etc/fstab looks like this:<br />
<pre><br />
/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults 1 1<br />
</pre><br />
we need to edit it to this<br />
<pre><br />
/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,usrquota 1 1<br />
</pre><br />
That's it here, so the next part is to start quota and make it index the files.<br />
<pre><br />
$ mount -v -o remount /home <-- to remount home<br />
$ quotacheck -a -m <-- to make an index over the files <br />
$ quotaon -uv /home <-- start quota<br />
</pre><br />
The last line may answer with this error: ''The kernel does not support quota - you need to recompile it''<br><br />
I did a reboot and everything worked afterwards. (You can change /home to -a in the last line, then it starts on all devices )<br />
<br />
''quotaon'' must be run everytime the machine starts, so its a good idea to make a startscript or put it into rc.local<br />
<br />
= The user quotes =<br />
Now we shall setup how much the users quantum of space will be. That's where we use this command:<br />
<pre><br />
$ edquota -u quotauser<br />
Disk quotas for user quotauser (uid 500):<br />
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard <br />
/dev/hda2 695879 0 0 6741 0 0<br />
</pre><br />
Here is the idea to make a testuser, then afterwards copy the files to all the users. The limits is here defined in kbytes - so that 10000 = 10MB. If the quotas is not setup, the default is there's no limits. We can also see that the user quotauser in this moment uses 695879 fileblocks (679MB) and 6741 files with no limits on. Now edit the number so it looks like this:<br />
<pre><br />
Disk quotas for user quotauser (uid 500):<br />
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard <br />
/dev/hda2 695879 10000 15000 6741 0 0<br />
</pre><br />
This means that the user ALWAYS can use 10MB of space, and can be graced for a period for 5 more. If you want to set the grace time, you can do it with:<br />
<pre><br />
$ edquota -t <br />
Grace period before enforcing soft limits for users:<br />
Time units may be: days, hours, minutes, or seconds<br />
Filesystem Block grace period Inode grace period<br />
/dev/hda2 7 days 7days<br />
</pre><br />
The trick about using a testuser, is that you really easy can copy the quota to all users on your system. Done by:<br />
<pre><br />
$ edquota -p quotauser `awk -F: '$3 > 499 {print $1}' /etc/passwd`<br />
</pre><br />
Here makes the same settings on all users with uid on 500 and above..<br />
<br />
= The group quotes =<br />
<pre><br />
/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 1 1<br />
</pre><br />
$quotacheck -acguvm <-- to make an index over the files<br />
<br />
= Other interesting commands =<br />
There are several interesting commands, but here are some of them:<br />
<pre><br />
* repquota -a <-- shows the status on diskusage<br />
* warnquota <-- can be used to warn the users about their quota<br />
(warnquota sends mail to the users, is the files /etc/quotatab & /etc/warnquota.conf. These are used to make the messages more readable)<br />
* setquota <-- non-interactive quota setting (useful for scripting)<br />
</pre><br />
at last the quotastats is used to give info about the quota system:<br />
<pre><br />
$ quotastats<br />
Number of dquot lookups: 101289<br />
Number of dquot drops: 101271<br />
Number of still active inodes with quota : 18<br />
Number of dquot reads: 93<br />
Number of dquot writes: 2077<br />
Number of quotafile syncs: 134518740<br />
Number of dquot cache hits: 7391<br />
Number of allocated dquots: 90<br />
Number of free dquots: 2036<br />
Number of in use dquot entries (user/group): -1946<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
= More info =<br />
* http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Quota.html<br />
* http://www.sf.net/projects/linuxquota/<br />
<br />
Please be free to edit/add comments or corrections about this page.</div>Tm8992https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture&diff=24931Advanced Linux Sound Architecture2007-05-27T21:43:07Z<p>Tm8992: /* Making sure the sound modules are loaded */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Sound (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|ALSA Setup}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Deutsch|ALSA Einrichten}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Italiano|ALSA Setup (Italiano)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Nederlands|ALSA instellen}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Русский|ALSA Setup (Русский)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Slovensky|Nastavenie ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Česky|ALSA (Česky)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|中文(简体)|设置ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|עברית|הגדרת ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Рolski|ALSA Setup (Polski)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Português do Brasil|Instalação ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|ไทย|ALSA Setup (ไทย)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
This document tells how to get Alsa working with 2.6 kernels. Also see how to <br />
[[Allow_multiple_programs_to_play_sound_at_once|allow multiple programs to play sound at once]].<br />
<br />
==Installation==<br />
<br />
===Kernel drivers===<br />
<br />
Alsa has been included in the 2.6 kernels and is included in all arch '''kernel26*''' packages. If you build a custom kernel, do not forget to enable the correct alsa driver.<br />
<br />
All necessary modules should be detected and loaded automatically by udev. No special configuration has to be done unless you use ISA cards. '''NEVER''' use alsaconf if you have a PCI or ISAPNP sound card, the entries alsaconf adds to the modprobe.conf file might break udev's autodetection.<br />
<br />
===Userspace utilities===<br />
<br />
* Required for native alsa programs and administration<br />
# pacman -Sy alsa-lib alsa-utils<br />
* Recommended if you want to use applications with OSS sound support in combination with dmix:<br />
# pacman -S alsa-oss<br />
<br />
All alsa programs will most likely have alsa-lib as a dependency.<br />
<br />
==Configuration==<br />
<br />
===Making sure the sound modules are loaded===<br />
<br />
You can assume that udev will autodetect your sound properly, including the OSS compatibility modules. You can check this with the command<br />
<br />
$ lsmod|grep '^snd'<br />
snd_usb_audio 69696 0 <br />
snd_usb_lib 13504 1 snd_usb_audio<br />
snd_rawmidi 20064 1 snd_usb_lib<br />
snd_hwdep 7044 1 snd_usb_audio<br />
snd_seq_oss 29412 0 <br />
snd_seq_midi_event 6080 1 snd_seq_oss<br />
snd_seq 46220 4 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi_event<br />
snd_seq_device 6796 3 snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq<br />
snd_pcm_oss 45216 0 <br />
snd_mixer_oss 15232 1 snd_pcm_oss<br />
snd_intel8x0 27932 0 <br />
snd_ac97_codec 87648 1 snd_intel8x0<br />
snd_ac97_bus 1792 1 snd_ac97_codec<br />
snd_pcm 76296 4 snd_usb_audio,snd_pcm_oss,snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec<br />
snd_timer 19780 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm<br />
snd 43776 12 snd_usb_audio,snd_rawmidi,snd_hwdep,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm,snd_timer<br />
snd_page_alloc 7944 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_pcm<br />
<br />
If the output looks similar, your sound drivers have been successfully autodetected (note that in this case, snd_intel8x0 and snd_usb_audio are the drivers for the hardware devices). You might also want to check the directory '''/dev/snd''' for the right device files:<br />
<br />
$ ls -l /dev/snd/<br />
total 0<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 0 Apr 8 14:17 controlC0<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 32 Apr 8 14:17 controlC1<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 24 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC0D0c<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 16 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC0D0p<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 25 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC0D1c<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 56 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC1D0c<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 48 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC1D0p<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 1 Apr 8 14:17 seq<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 33 Apr 8 14:17 timer<br />
<br />
If you have at least the devices '''controlC0''' and '''pcmC0D0p''' or similar, then your sound modules have been detected and loaded properly.<br />
<br />
<br />
If this is not the case, your sound modules have not been detected properly. '''If you want any help on IRC or the forums, please post the output of the above commands.''' To solve this, you can try loading the modules manually:<br />
<br />
* Locate the module for your soundcard: http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/ The module will be prefixed with 'snd-' (for example: 'snd-via82xx').<br />
* Load modules:<br />
# modprobe snd-NAME-OF-MODULE<br />
# modprobe snd-pcm-oss<br />
* Check for the device files in '''/dev/snd''' (see above) and/or try if '''alsamixer''' or '''amixer''' have resonable output.<br />
* Add '''snd-NAME-OF-MODULE''' and '''snd-pcm-oss''' to the list of MODULES in '''/etc/rc.conf''' to ensure they are loaded next time (make sure '''snd-NAME-OF-MODULE''' is before '''snd-pcm-oss''').<br />
<br />
===Unmuting the channels and testing the sound card===<br />
<br />
In this section, we assume that you are logged in as root. If you want to perform these steps as an unprivileged user, you have to skip to the next section ''Setup Permissions'' first.<br />
<br />
* Unmute Soundcard<br />
<br />
It is recommended to use 'alsamixer' to configure your mixer and unmute the channels.<br><br><br />
'''NOTE:''' When using '''amixer''', be sure to '''unmute''' as well as bring volumes up by a specific percent amount i.e you need to use that % sign. '''amixer''' understands the percentage sign (%) not numbers. if you use a number (say 90)then '''amixer''' will take it as 100% which can harm your speakers. <br />
<br />
# amixer set Master 90% unmute<br />
# amixer set PCM 85% unmute<br />
<br />
* Try to play a wave file<br />
<br />
# aplay mywav.wav<br />
<br />
* [[Allow multiple programs to play sound at once]]<br />
<br />
===Setup Permissions===<br />
<br />
To be able to use the sound card as a user, follow these steps:<br />
<br />
* Add your user to the audio group:<br />
# gpasswd -a USERNAME audio<br />
<br />
* Log your user out and back in to ensure the audio group is loaded.<br />
<br />
===Restore Alsa Mixer settings at Startup===<br />
<br />
* Run 'alsactl' once to create '/etc/asound.state'<br />
<br />
alsactl store<br />
<br />
* Edit '/etc/rc.conf' and add 'alsa' to the list of daemons to start on bootup. This will store the mixer settings on every shutdown and restore them when you boot.<br />
<br />
===Getting SPDIF output===<br />
<br />
(from gralves from the gentoo forums)<br />
* In Gnome Volume Control, under the Options tab, change the IEC958 to PCM. This option can be enabled in the preferences.<br />
* If you don't have Gnome Volume Control installed, <br />
** Edit /etc/asound.state. This file is where alsasound store your mixer settings.<br />
** Find a line that says : 'IEC958 Playback Switch'. Near it you will find a line saying value:false. Change it to value:true <br />
** Now find this line: 'IEC958 Playback AC97-SPSA' and change value to 0. <br />
** Restart alsa.<br />
<br />
Alternative way to enable SPDIF output automatically on login (tested on SoundBlaster Audigy):<br />
* add following lines to /etc/rc.local:<br />
<br />
# Use COAX-digital output<br />
amixer set 'IEC958 Optical' 100 unmute<br />
amixer set 'Audigy Analog/Digital Output Jack' on<br />
<br />
You can see the name of your cards digital output name with:<br />
<br />
amixer scontrols<br />
<br />
==Still Getting No Sound?==<br />
<br />
Even though your drivers are installed correctly, and your volume is right, and nothing is muted, you might not hear anything! Adding the following line to <code>/etc/modprobe.conf</code> fixes this problem (with the <code>via82xx</code> driver, at least).<br />
<br />
options snd-NAME-OF-MODULE ac97_quirk=0<br />
<br />
==Poor Sound Quality?==<br />
<br />
If you experience poor sound quality, try setting the PCM volume (in alsamixer) to a level such that gain is 0.<br />
<br />
==KDE settings==<br />
* Start up KDE:<br />
# startx<br />
<br />
* Setup the volumes as you want them for this user (each user has their own settings):<br />
# alsamixer<br />
<br />
* <b>KDE 3.3</b> Go to the K Menu > Multimedia > KMix<br />
** Choose Settings > Configure KMix...<br />
** Un-check the option "Restore volumes on logon"<br />
** Press OK, and you should be all set. Now your volumes will be the same from the command line or within KDE.</div>Tm8992https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture&diff=24930Advanced Linux Sound Architecture2007-05-27T21:42:32Z<p>Tm8992: /* Making sure the sound modules are loaded */ For some reason, my PC requires snd-intel8x0 to be first/they were switched</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Sound (English)]]<br />
[[Category:HOWTOs (English)]]<br />
{{i18n_links_start}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|ALSA Setup}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Deutsch|ALSA Einrichten}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Italiano|ALSA Setup (Italiano)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Nederlands|ALSA instellen}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Русский|ALSA Setup (Русский)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Slovensky|Nastavenie ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Česky|ALSA (Česky)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|中文(简体)|设置ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|עברית|הגדרת ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Рolski|ALSA Setup (Polski)}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|Português do Brasil|Instalação ALSA}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|ไทย|ALSA Setup (ไทย)}}<br />
{{i18n_links_end}}<br />
<br />
This document tells how to get Alsa working with 2.6 kernels. Also see how to <br />
[[Allow_multiple_programs_to_play_sound_at_once|allow multiple programs to play sound at once]].<br />
<br />
==Installation==<br />
<br />
===Kernel drivers===<br />
<br />
Alsa has been included in the 2.6 kernels and is included in all arch '''kernel26*''' packages. If you build a custom kernel, do not forget to enable the correct alsa driver.<br />
<br />
All necessary modules should be detected and loaded automatically by udev. No special configuration has to be done unless you use ISA cards. '''NEVER''' use alsaconf if you have a PCI or ISAPNP sound card, the entries alsaconf adds to the modprobe.conf file might break udev's autodetection.<br />
<br />
===Userspace utilities===<br />
<br />
* Required for native alsa programs and administration<br />
# pacman -Sy alsa-lib alsa-utils<br />
* Recommended if you want to use applications with OSS sound support in combination with dmix:<br />
# pacman -S alsa-oss<br />
<br />
All alsa programs will most likely have alsa-lib as a dependency.<br />
<br />
==Configuration==<br />
<br />
===Making sure the sound modules are loaded===<br />
<br />
You can assume that udev will autodetect your sound properly, including the OSS compatibility modules. You can check this with the command<br />
<br />
$ lsmod|grep '^snd'<br />
snd_usb_audio 69696 0 <br />
snd_usb_lib 13504 1 snd_usb_audio<br />
snd_rawmidi 20064 1 snd_usb_lib<br />
snd_hwdep 7044 1 snd_usb_audio<br />
snd_seq_oss 29412 0 <br />
snd_seq_midi_event 6080 1 snd_seq_oss<br />
snd_seq 46220 4 snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_midi_event<br />
snd_seq_device 6796 3 snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq<br />
snd_pcm_oss 45216 0 <br />
snd_mixer_oss 15232 1 snd_pcm_oss<br />
snd_intel8x0 27932 0 <br />
snd_ac97_codec 87648 1 snd_intel8x0<br />
snd_ac97_bus 1792 1 snd_ac97_codec<br />
snd_pcm 76296 4 snd_usb_audio,snd_pcm_oss,snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec<br />
snd_timer 19780 2 snd_seq,snd_pcm<br />
snd 43776 12 snd_usb_audio,snd_rawmidi,snd_hwdep,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_pcm_oss,snd_mixer_oss,snd_intel8x0,snd_ac97_codec,snd_pcm,snd_timer<br />
snd_page_alloc 7944 2 snd_intel8x0,snd_pcm<br />
<br />
If the output looks similar, your sound drivers have been successfully autodetected (note that in this case, snd_intel8x0 and snd_usb_audio are the drivers for the hardware devices). You might also want to check the directory '''/dev/snd''' for the right device files:<br />
<br />
$ ls -l /dev/snd/<br />
total 0<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 0 Apr 8 14:17 controlC0<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 32 Apr 8 14:17 controlC1<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 24 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC0D0c<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 16 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC0D0p<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 25 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC0D1c<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 56 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC1D0c<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 48 Apr 8 14:17 pcmC1D0p<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 1 Apr 8 14:17 seq<br />
crw-rw---- 1 root audio 116, 33 Apr 8 14:17 timer<br />
<br />
If you have at least the devices '''controlC0''' and '''pcmC0D0p''' or similar, then your sound modules have been detected and loaded properly.<br />
<br />
<br />
If this is not the case, your sound modules have not been detected properly. '''If you want any help on IRC or the forums, please post the output of the above commands.''' To solve this, you can try loading the modules manually:<br />
<br />
* Locate the module for your soundcard: http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc/ The module will be prefixed with 'snd-' (for example: 'snd-via82xx').<br />
* Load modules:<br />
# modprobe snd-NAME-OF-MODULE<br />
# modprobe snd-pcm-oss<br />
* Check for the device files in '''/dev/snd''' (see above) and/or try if '''alsamixer''' or '''amixer''' have resonable output.<br />
* Add '''snd-NAME-OF-MODULE''' and '''snd-pcm-oss''' to the list of MODULES in '''/etc/rc.conf''' to ensure they are loaded next time (make sure '''snd-NAME-OF-MODULE''' is before '''snd-pcm-oss'''.)<br />
<br />
===Unmuting the channels and testing the sound card===<br />
<br />
In this section, we assume that you are logged in as root. If you want to perform these steps as an unprivileged user, you have to skip to the next section ''Setup Permissions'' first.<br />
<br />
* Unmute Soundcard<br />
<br />
It is recommended to use 'alsamixer' to configure your mixer and unmute the channels.<br><br><br />
'''NOTE:''' When using '''amixer''', be sure to '''unmute''' as well as bring volumes up by a specific percent amount i.e you need to use that % sign. '''amixer''' understands the percentage sign (%) not numbers. if you use a number (say 90)then '''amixer''' will take it as 100% which can harm your speakers. <br />
<br />
# amixer set Master 90% unmute<br />
# amixer set PCM 85% unmute<br />
<br />
* Try to play a wave file<br />
<br />
# aplay mywav.wav<br />
<br />
* [[Allow multiple programs to play sound at once]]<br />
<br />
===Setup Permissions===<br />
<br />
To be able to use the sound card as a user, follow these steps:<br />
<br />
* Add your user to the audio group:<br />
# gpasswd -a USERNAME audio<br />
<br />
* Log your user out and back in to ensure the audio group is loaded.<br />
<br />
===Restore Alsa Mixer settings at Startup===<br />
<br />
* Run 'alsactl' once to create '/etc/asound.state'<br />
<br />
alsactl store<br />
<br />
* Edit '/etc/rc.conf' and add 'alsa' to the list of daemons to start on bootup. This will store the mixer settings on every shutdown and restore them when you boot.<br />
<br />
===Getting SPDIF output===<br />
<br />
(from gralves from the gentoo forums)<br />
* In Gnome Volume Control, under the Options tab, change the IEC958 to PCM. This option can be enabled in the preferences.<br />
* If you don't have Gnome Volume Control installed, <br />
** Edit /etc/asound.state. This file is where alsasound store your mixer settings.<br />
** Find a line that says : 'IEC958 Playback Switch'. Near it you will find a line saying value:false. Change it to value:true <br />
** Now find this line: 'IEC958 Playback AC97-SPSA' and change value to 0. <br />
** Restart alsa.<br />
<br />
Alternative way to enable SPDIF output automatically on login (tested on SoundBlaster Audigy):<br />
* add following lines to /etc/rc.local:<br />
<br />
# Use COAX-digital output<br />
amixer set 'IEC958 Optical' 100 unmute<br />
amixer set 'Audigy Analog/Digital Output Jack' on<br />
<br />
You can see the name of your cards digital output name with:<br />
<br />
amixer scontrols<br />
<br />
==Still Getting No Sound?==<br />
<br />
Even though your drivers are installed correctly, and your volume is right, and nothing is muted, you might not hear anything! Adding the following line to <code>/etc/modprobe.conf</code> fixes this problem (with the <code>via82xx</code> driver, at least).<br />
<br />
options snd-NAME-OF-MODULE ac97_quirk=0<br />
<br />
==Poor Sound Quality?==<br />
<br />
If you experience poor sound quality, try setting the PCM volume (in alsamixer) to a level such that gain is 0.<br />
<br />
==KDE settings==<br />
* Start up KDE:<br />
# startx<br />
<br />
* Setup the volumes as you want them for this user (each user has their own settings):<br />
# alsamixer<br />
<br />
* <b>KDE 3.3</b> Go to the K Menu > Multimedia > KMix<br />
** Choose Settings > Configure KMix...<br />
** Un-check the option "Restore volumes on logon"<br />
** Press OK, and you should be all set. Now your volumes will be the same from the command line or within KDE.</div>Tm8992https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Fonts&diff=22434Fonts2007-03-30T20:47:00Z<p>Tm8992: /* Attempted rewrite/format! :P */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Fonts (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Graphics and DTP (English)]]<br />
[[Category:Tutorials (English)]]<br />
<br />
{{Article summary start}}<br />
{{Article summary text|Covers the installation and use of fonts on Arch Linux.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Available in languages}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|English|Fonts}}<br />
{{i18n_entry|繁體中文|Fonts 字型}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Legal}}<br />
{{Article summary text|Some font packages may impose ''some'' legal limitations.}}<br />
{{Article summary heading|Related articles}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|MS Fonts}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|Fonts FAQ}}<br />
{{Article summary wiki|XOrg Font Configuration}}<br />
{{Article summary end}}<br />
<br />
= Introduction =<br />
A standard ArchLinux desktop installation provides an excellent font support,<br />
with the latest stable versions of the X.org X server, freetype2 (with bytecode interpreter enabled) and fontconfig. For more information on font configuration please see: '''[[XOrg Font Configuration | Font Configuration]]<br />
'''<br />
== Different Kinds of Fonts ==<br />
There exists different kinds of fonts for Linux.<br />
<br />
* bitmap fonts (.pcf .bdf .pcf.gz .bdf.gz)<br />
<br />
* PostScript fonts (.pfa .pfb) <br>''(pfa: ascii format; pfb: binary format)''<br />
<br />
* TrueType/OpenType fonts (.ttf) <br>''(OpenType fonts with quadratic outlines have also .ttf suffix)''<br />
<br />
* PostScript flavored OpenType fonts (.otf)<br />
<br />
* TeX bitmap fonts (.pk) <br>''(usually automatically generated from the METAFONT source .mf)''<br />
<br />
* TeX virtual fonts (.vf)<br />
<br />
== Installing fonts ==<br />
<br />
See [[Adding fonts]] <br />
'''(to be shortened and merged here)'''<br />
<br />
= Font Packages in Archlinux =<br />
NB: This is a selective list, but it does also include most font packages from AUR.<br />
<br />
* Latin <br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/10296/ '''font-bh-ttf'''] - X.org Luxi fonts<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/3722 '''ttf-cheapskate'''] - font collection from ''dustimo.com''<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/9336 '''ttf-isabella'''] - Historic ''Isabella font''<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/9337 '''ttf-junicode'''] - Junius font containing almost complete medieval latin script glyphs<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/961 '''ttf-ms-fonts'''] - Un-extracted Fonts from ''Microsoft''<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=5418 '''unsupported/ttf-ms-fonts-lic'''] - Alternative to the above<br />
<br />
* Unicode (multiscript)<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/11883/ '''ttf-dejavu'''] - DejaVu fonts, extension of Bitstream Vera<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/9340/ '''ttf-mph-2b-damase'''] - Covers full plane 1 and several scripts<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=3856 '''unsupported/ttf-sil-fonts'''] - Gentium, Charis, Doulos, Andika and Abyssinica from SIL<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6608 '''unsupported/ttf-linux-libertine'''] - Replacement for Times New Roman<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=3673 '''unsupported/ttf-freefont'''] - ''freefont'' (clones of Times, Helvetica and Courier with large Unicode support but unequal quality)<br />
<br />
* Cyrillic<br />
** See category 'Unicode' above<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6265 '''unsupported/ttf-arhangai'''] - Mongolian Cyrillic<br />
<br />
* Chinese + Japanese + Korean<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/6831 '''ttf-arphic-ukai'''] - ''Kaiti'' (brush stroke) unicode font (enabling anti-aliasing suggested)<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/6832 '''ttf-arphic-uming'''] - ''Mingti'' (printed) unicode font<br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/10092 '''ttf-fireflysung'''] - ''New Sung'' font <br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6792 '''unsupported/acrofont-cht'''] - Traditional Chinese font packs for Adobe Acrobat Reader 7.0.8<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6794 '''unsupported/acrofont-cjk'''] - CJK font packs for Adobe Acrobat Reader 7.0.8<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6398 '''unsupported/acroread7-chs'''] - Simplified Chinese font for Adobe Acrobat Reader 7 <br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6267 '''usupported/ttf-kochi-substitute'''] - High quality Japanese TrueType fonts<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6268 '''usupported/ttf-sazanami'''] - Another set of high quality Japanese fonts<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6266 '''usupported/ttf-baekmuk'''] - collection of Korean TrueType fonts<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6264 '''unsupported/ttf-alee'''] - Set of free Hangul truetype fonts<br />
<br />
* Arabic<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=4633 '''unsupported/ttf-sil-arabic'''] - two excellent Unicode Arabic fonts from SIL<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=3680 '''unsupported/arabeyes-fonts'''] - collection of free Arabic fonts<br />
<br />
* Hebrew<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=1620 '''unsupported/culmus'''] - nice collection of free Hebrew fonts<br />
<br />
* Indic <br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/6071 '''ttf-freebanglafont'''] - font for Bangla <br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/6742 '''ttf-indic-otf'''] - Indic Opentype Fonts collection (containing ttf-freebanglafont)<br />
<br />
* Thai <br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/9331 '''ttf-thai'''] - font covering glyphs for thai<br />
<br />
* Khmer <br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/9338 '''ttf-khmer'''] - font covering glyphs for khmer language<br />
<br />
* Braille <br />
** [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/9339 '''ttf-ubraille'''] - font containing symbols for ''braille'' (unicode)<br />
<br />
* Handwritten<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=2055 '''unsupported/aquafont'''] - Handwritten fixed-width TrueType font<br />
<br />
* Math fonts<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=6349 '''unsupported/ttf-mathematica''']<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=7005 '''unsupported/ttf-mathematica4.1''']<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=7006 '''unsupported/ttf-mathtype''']<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=2100 '''unsupported/ttf-computer-modern-fonts''']<br />
<br />
* “Programmer's fonts” (for coding and terminal display)<br />
** [http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?do_Details=1&ID=4809 '''terminus-font''']<br />
** Try also DejaVu Sans Mono (from package [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/11883/ '''ttf-dejavu''']), Lucida Typewriter (included in package [http://www.archlinux.org/packages/11383/ '''jre''']) or the beautiful [http://levien.com/type/myfonts/inconsolata.html '''Inconsolata'''].<br />
<br />
= Best fonts for terminal =<br />
<br />
The best fonts for a terminal depends on what terminal emulator you are using and what features it supports. For example, it even depends on how your fonts.dir looks, as sometimes fonts get installed incorrectly. It also depends on how you have configured your X Server, if you use freetype2 or freetype1, if you use the autohinter with the bytecode interpreter compiled into freetypeN, if you have compiled in the BI but doesn't use the autohinter, if you have not compiled in the BI and use the autohinter, if you have not compiled in the BI but uses the autohinter, etc.<br />
<br />
A top favorite of some Arch Linux users is [http://www.is-vn.bg/hamster/jimmy-en.html Terminus] (in community as "terminus-font").<br />
<br />
Some other fonts to try out:<br />
<br />
*Lucida Typewriter<br />
*Bitstream Vera Mono<br />
*Courier<br />
*Terminal<br />
*Test<br />
*Gamov<br />
*default8x16<br />
*monospace<br />
<br />
Example how to use Terminus:<br />
<pre><br />
xterm -bg black -fg gray -fn -xos4-terminus-medium-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-1<br />
xterm -bg black -fg gray -fn -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-1<br />
</pre><br />
<br />
= Fonts in virtual console =<br />
Default font in virtual console can display only ASCII characters. If you use other characters you can change ''CONSOLEFONT="..."'' line in your ''/etc/rc.conf'' file. Different fonts can be found in ''/usr/share/kbd/consolefonts'' directory.<br />
<br />
=== Examples ===<br />
For displaying characters like "č ć ž đ š" use lat2-16.psfu.gz font:<br />
CONSOLEFONT="lat2-16.psfu.gz"</div>Tm8992