https://wiki.archlinux.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Vicr123&feedformat=atomArchWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T06:54:21ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.0https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Desktop_environment&diff=517645Desktop environment2018-04-16T07:03:32Z<p>Vicr123: theShell no longer incorporates personal assistant</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Graphical user interfaces]]<br />
[[es:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[fa:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[it:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[ja:デスクトップ環境]]<br />
[[pt:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[ru:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[sv:Skrivbordsmiljö]]<br />
[[zh-hans:Desktop environment]]<br />
{{Related articles start}}<br />
{{Related|Comparison of desktop environments}}<br />
{{Related|Default applications}}<br />
{{Related articles end}}<br />
A [[Wikipedia:Desktop environment|desktop environment]] ('''DE''') is an implementation of the [[Wikipedia:Desktop metaphor|desktop metaphor]] made of a bundle of programs, which share a common graphical user interface (GUI).<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
A desktop environment bundles together a variety of components to provide common graphical user interface elements such as icons, toolbars, wallpapers, and desktop widgets. Additionally, most desktop environments include a set of integrated applications and utilities. Most importantly, desktop environments provide their own [[window manager]], which can however usually be replaced with another compatible one.<br />
<br />
The user is free to configure their GUI environment in any number of ways. Desktop environments simply provide a complete and convenient means of accomplishing this task. Note that users are free to mix-and-match applications from multiple desktop environments. For example, a [[KDE]] user may install and run [[GNOME]] applications such as the [[Epiphany]] web browser, should he/she prefer it over KDE's Konqueror web browser. One drawback of this approach is that many applications provided by desktop environment projects rely heavily upon their DE's respective underlying libraries. As a result, installing applications from a range of desktop environments will require installation of a larger number of dependencies. Users seeking to conserve disk space often avoid such mixed environments, or chose alternatives which do depend on only few external libraries.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, DE-provided applications tend to integrate better with their native environments. Superficially, mixing environments with different widget toolkits will result in visual discrepancies (that is, interfaces will use different icons and widget styles). In terms of usability, mixed environments may not behave similarly (e.g. single-clicking versus double-clicking icons; drag-and-drop functionality) potentially causing confusion or unexpected behavior.<br />
<br />
Prior to installing a desktop environment, a functional X server installation is required. See [[Xorg]] for detailed information. Some desktop environments may also support [[Wayland]] as an alternative to X, but most of these are still experimental.<br />
<br />
== List of desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
=== Officially supported ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Budgie]]|Budgie is a desktop environment designed with the modern user in mind, it focuses on simplicity and elegance. |https://budgie-desktop.org/|{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Cinnamon]]|Cinnamon strives to provide a traditional user experience. Cinnamon is a fork of GNOME 3.|http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/|{{Pkg|cinnamon}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Deepin]]|Deepin desktop interface and apps feature an intuitive and elegant design. Moving around, sharing and searching etc. has become simply a joyful experience. |https://www.deepin.org/|{{grp|deepin}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Enlightenment]]|The Enlightenment desktop shell provides an efficient window manager based on the Enlightenment Foundation Libraries along with other essential desktop components like a file manager, desktop icons and widgets. It supports themes, while still being capable of performing on older hardware or embedded devices.|https://www.enlightenment.org/|{{Pkg|enlightenment}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[GNOME]]|The GNOME desktop environment is an attractive and intuitive desktop with both a modern (''GNOME'') and a classic (''GNOME Classic'') session.|https://www.gnome.org/gnome-3/|{{grp|gnome}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[GNOME Flashback]]| GNOME Flashback is a shell for GNOME 3 which was initially called GNOME fallback mode. The desktop layout and the underlying technology is similar to GNOME 2.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeFlashback|{{Pkg|gnome-flashback}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[KDE Plasma]]|The KDE Plasma desktop environment is a familiar working environment. Plasma offers all the tools required for a modern desktop computing experience so you can be productive right from the start.|https://www.kde.org/plasma-desktop|{{grp|plasma}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[LXDE]]|The Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment is a fast and energy-saving desktop environment. It comes with a modern interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and additional features like tabbed file browsing. Fundamentally designed to be lightweight, LXDE strives to be less CPU and RAM intensive than other environments.|http://lxde.org/|GTK+ 2: {{grp|lxde}}, GTK+ 3: {{grp|lxde-gtk3}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[LXQt]]|LXQt is the Qt port and the upcoming version of LXDE, the Lightweight Desktop Environment. It is the product of the merge between the LXDE-Qt and the Razor-qt projects: A lightweight, modular, blazing-fast and user-friendly desktop environment.|http://lxqt.org/|{{grp|lxqt}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[MATE]]|Mate provides an intuitive and attractive desktop to Linux users using traditional metaphors. MATE started as a fork of GNOME 2, but now uses GTK+ 3.|http://www.mate-desktop.org/|{{grp|mate}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Sugar]]|The Sugar Learning Platform is a computer environment composed of Activities designed to help children from 5 to 12 years of age learn together through rich-media expression. Sugar is the core component of a worldwide effort to provide every child with the opportunity for a quality education — it is currently used by nearly one-million children worldwide speaking 25 languages in over 40 countries. Sugar provides the means to help people lead fulfilling lives through access to a quality education that is currently missed by so many.|https://sugarlabs.org/|{{Pkg|sugar}} + {{Grp|sugar-fructose}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Xfce]]|Xfce embodies the traditional [[Wikipedia:UNIX philosophy|UNIX philosophy]] of modularity and re-usability. It consists of a number of components that provide the full functionality one can expect of a modern desktop environment, while remaining relatively light. They are packaged separately and you can pick among the available packages to create the optimal personal working environment.|http://www.xfce.org/|{{grp|xfce4}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Unofficially supported ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]]|The "Equinox Desktop Environment" is a DE designed to be simple, extremely light-weight and fast.|http://equinox-project.org/|{{AUR|ede}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Liri]]|Liri is a desktop environment with modern design and features. Liri is the merge between [http://hawaiios.org/ Hawaii], [http://papyros.io/ Papyros] and the [https://github.com/liri-project Liri Project]. Highly experimental.|https://liri.io/|{{AUR|liri-shell-git}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Lumina]]|Lumina is a lightweight desktop environment written in Qt 5 for FreeBSD that uses Fluxbox for window management.|https://lumina-desktop.org/|{{AUR|lumina-desktop}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Moksha]]|Fork of Enlightenment currently used as default desktop environment in Ubuntu-based Bodhi Linux.|http://www.bodhilinux.com/moksha-desktop/|{{AUR|moksha}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Pantheon]]|Pantheon is the default desktop environment originally created for the elementary OS distribution. It is written from scratch using Vala and the GTK3 toolkit. With regards to usability and appearance, the desktop has some similarities with GNOME Shell and macOS.|https://elementary.io/|{{AUR|pantheon-session-git}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|theShell|theShell is a desktop environment that tries to be as transparent as possible. It uses Qt 5 as its widget toolkit and KWin as its window manager.|https://vicr123.github.io/theshell|{{AUR|theshell}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Trinity]]|The Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) project is a computer desktop environment for Unix-like operating systems with a primary goal of retaining the overall KDE 3.5 computing style.|http://www.trinitydesktop.org/|See [[Trinity]]}}<br />
<br />
== Custom environments ==<br />
<br />
Desktop environments represent the simplest means of installing a ''complete'' graphical environment. However, users are free to build and customize their graphical environment in any number of ways if none of the popular desktop environments meet their requirements. Generally, building a custom environment involves selection of a suitable [[window manager]], a [[List of applications#Taskbars|taskbar]] and a number of applications (a minimalist selection usually includes a [[terminal emulator]], [[List of applications#File managers|file manager]], and [[text editor]]).<br />
<br />
Other applications that are usually provided by desktop environments are:<br />
<br />
* Application launcher: [[List of applications#Application launchers]]<br />
* Clipboard manager: [[Clipboard#List of clipboard managers]]<br />
* Desktop compositor: [[Xorg#Composite]]<br />
* Desktop wallpaper setter and desktop icon: [[List of applications#Wallpaper setters]] and [[Openbox#Icon programs]]<br />
* Display manager: [[Display manager#List of display managers]]<br />
* Display power saving settings: [[Display Power Management Signaling]]<br />
* Logout dialogue: [[Oblogout]]<br />
* Mount tool: [[List of applications#Mount tools]]<br />
* Notification daemon: [[Desktop notifications]]<br />
* Polkit authentication agent: [[Polkit#Authentication agents]]<br />
* Screen locker: [[List of applications#Screen lockers]]<br />
* Sound volume manager: [[List of applications#Volume managers]]<br />
<br />
=== Use a different window manager ===<br />
<br />
If the desktop environment has an article, see its ''Use a different window manager'' section, otherwise consult the official documentation.<br />
<br />
* [[GNOME#Use a different window manager]]<br />
* [[KDE#Use a different window manager]]<br />
* [[Xfce#Use a different window manager]]<br />
* [[MATE#Use a different window manager]]<br />
* [[Cinnamon#Use a different window manager]]<br />
* [[LXDE#Use a different window manager]]<br />
* [[LXQt#Use a different window manager]]<br />
* [[Budgie#Use a different window manager]]</div>Vicr123https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Polkit&diff=465264Polkit2017-01-13T06:48:14Z<p>Vicr123: /* Authentication agents */ Add information for theShell</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Security]]<br />
[[de:PolicyKit]]<br />
[[ja:Polkit]]<br />
[[zh-hans:Polkit]]<br />
{{Related articles start}}<br />
{{Related|Session}}<br />
{{Related|Sudo}}<br />
{{Related|Users and groups}}<br />
{{Related articles end}}<br />
From [http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/polkit/ polkit homepage]:<br />
<br />
:''polkit is an application-level toolkit for defining and handling the policy that allows unprivileged processes to speak to privileged processes: It is a framework for centralizing the decision making process with respect to granting access to privileged operations for unprivileged applications.''<br />
<br />
Polkit is used for controlling system-wide privileges. It provides an organized way for non-privileged processes to communicate with privileged ones. In contrast to systems such as sudo, it does not grant root permission to an entire process, but rather allows a finer level of control of centralized system policy.<br />
<br />
Polkit works by delimiting distinct actions, e.g. running GParted, and delimiting users by group or by name, e.g. members of the wheel group. It then defines how – if at all – those users are allowed those actions, e.g. by identifying as members of the group by typing in their passwords.<br />
<br />
== Installation ==<br />
<br />
Install the {{Pkg|polkit}} package.<br />
<br />
=== Authentication agents ===<br />
<br />
An authentication agent is used to make the user of a session prove that the user of the session really is the user (by authenticating as the user) or an administrative user (by authenticating as an administrator). The {{Pkg|polkit}} package contains a textual authentication agent called 'pkttyagent', which is used as a general fallback. <br />
<br />
If you are using a graphical environment, make sure that a graphical authentication agent is installed and [[autostarting|autostarted]] on login.<br />
<br />
[[Cinnamon]], [[Deepin]], [[GNOME]], [[GNOME Flashback]], [[KDE]], [[LXDE]], [[LXQt]], [[MATE]], theShell and [[Xfce]] have an authentication agent already.<br />
In other desktop environments, you have to choose one of the following implementations:<br />
* {{Pkg|lxqt-policykit}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/bin/lxqt-policykit-agent}}<br />
* {{Pkg|lxsession}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/bin/lxpolkit}}<br />
* {{Pkg|mate-polkit}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/lib/mate-polkit/polkit-mate-authentication-agent-1}}<br />
* {{AUR|polkit-efl-git}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/bin/polkit-efl-authentication-agent-1}}<br />
* {{Pkg|polkit-gnome}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/lib/polkit-gnome/polkit-gnome-authentication-agent-1}}<br />
* {{Pkg|polkit-kde-agent}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/lib/polkit-kde/polkit-kde-authentication-agent-1}}<br />
* {{AUR|ts-polkitagent}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/lib/ts-polkitagent}}<br />
* {{AUR|xfce-polkit-git}}, which provides {{ic|/usr/lib/xfce-polkit/xfce-polkit}}<br />
<br />
== Configuration ==<br />
<br />
{{Warning|Do not amend the default permission files of packages, as these may be be overwritten on package upgrades.}}<br />
<br />
Polkit definitions can be divided into two kinds:<br />
* '''Actions''' are defined in XML {{ic|.policy}} files located in {{ic|/usr/share/polkit-1/actions}}. Each action has a set of default permissions attached to it (e.g. you need to identify as an administrator to use the GParted action). The defaults can be overruled but editing the actions files is NOT the correct way.<br />
*'''Authorization rules''' are defined in JavaScript {{ic|.rules}} files. They are found in two places: 3rd party packages can use {{ic|/usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d}} (though few if any do) and {{ic|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d}} is for local configuration. <br />
<br />
Polkit operates on top of the existing permissions systems in Linux – group membership, administrator status – it does not replace them. The .rules files designate a subset of users, refer to one (or more) of the actions specified in the actions files and determine with what restrictions these actions can be taken by that/those user(s). As an example, a rules file could overrule the default requirement for all users to authenticate as an admin when using GParted, determining that some specific user doesn't need to. Or isn't allowed to use GParted at all.<br />
<br />
{{Note|This does not preclude running GParted by means which do not respect polkit, such as the command line. Therefore, polkit should be used to expand access to privileged services for unprivileged users, rather than try to curtail the rights of (semi-)privileged users. For security purposes, [[Sudo|sudoers]] is still the way to go.}}<br />
<br />
=== Actions ===<br />
<br />
{{Tip|To display Policykit actions in a graphical interface, install the {{AUR|polkit-explorer}} package.}}<br />
<br />
The actions available to you via polkit will depend on the packages you have installed. Some are used in multiple desktop environments ''(org.freedesktop.*)'', some are DE-specific ''(org.gnome.*)'' and some are specific to a single program ''(org.archlinux.pkexec.gparted.policy)''. The command {{ic|pkaction}} lists all the actions defined in {{ic|/usr/share/polkit-1/actions}} for quick reference. <br />
<br />
To get an idea of what polkit can do, here are a few commonly used groups of actions:<br />
* '''[[Systemd|systemd-logind]]''' ''(org.freedesktop.login1.policy)'' actions regulated by polkit include powering off, rebooting, suspending and hibernating the system, including when other users may still be logged in.<br />
* '''[[udisks]]''' ''(org.freedesktop.udisks2.policy)'' actions regulated by polkit include mounting file systems and unlocking encrypted devices.<br />
* '''[[NetworkManager]]''' ''(org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.policy)'' actions regulated by polkit include turning on and off the network, wifi or mobile broadband.<br />
<br />
Each action is defined in an {{ic|<action>}} tag in a .policy file. The {{ic|org.archlinux.pkexec.gparted.policy}} contains a single action and looks like this:<br />
<br />
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><br />
<!DOCTYPE policyconfig PUBLIC<br />
"-//freedesktop//DTD PolicyKit Policy Configuration 1.0//EN"<br />
<nowiki>"http://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/policyconfig-1.dtd"></nowiki><br />
<policyconfig><br />
<br />
<action id="org.archlinux.pkexec.gparted"><br />
<message>Authentication is required to run the GParted Partition Editor</message><br />
<icon_name>gparted</icon_name><br />
<defaults><br />
<allow_any>auth_admin</allow_any><br />
<allow_inactive>auth_admin</allow_inactive><br />
<allow_active>auth_admin</allow_active><br />
</defaults><br />
<annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/usr/bin/gparted</annotate><br />
<annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.allow_gui">true</annotate><br />
</action><br />
<br />
</policyconfig><br />
<br />
The attribute '''id''' is the actual command sent to [[D-Bus]], the '''message''' tag is the explanation to the user when authentication is required and the '''icon_name''' is sort of obvious. <br />
<br />
The '''defaults''' tag is where the permissions or lack thereof are located. It contains three settings: '''allow_any''', '''allow_inactive''', and '''allow_active'''. Inactive sessions are generally remote sessions (SSH, VNC, etc.) whereas active sessions are logged directly into the machine on a TTY or an X display. allow_any is the setting encompassing both scenarios. <br />
<br />
For each of these settings the following options are available:<br />
* ''no'': The user is not authorized to carry out the action. There is therefore no need for authentication.<br />
* ''yes'': The user is authorized to carry out the action without any authentication.<br />
* ''auth_self'': Authentication is required but the user need not be an administrative user.<br />
* ''auth_admin'': Authentication as an administrative user is required.<br />
* ''auth_self_keep'': The same as auth_self but, like sudo, the authorization lasts a few minutes.<br />
* ''auth_admin_keep'': The same as auth_admin but, like sudo, the authorization lasts a few minutes.<br />
These are default setting and unless overruled in later configuration will be valid for all users.<br />
<br />
As can be seen from the GParted action, users are required to authenticate as administrators in order to use GParted, regardless of whether the session is active or inactive.<br />
<br />
=== Authorization rules ===<br />
<br />
Authorization rules that overrule the default settings are laid out in a set of directories as described above. For all purposes relating to personal configuration of a single system, only {{ic|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d}} should be used. <br />
<br />
The {{ic|addRule()}} method is used for adding a function that may be called whenever an authorization check for action and subject is performed. Functions are called in the order they have been added until one of the functions returns a value. Hence, to add an authorization rule that is processed before other rules, put it in a file in {{ic|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d}} with a name that sorts before other rules files, for example {{ic|00-early-checks.rules}}.<br />
<br />
The layout of the .rules files is fairly self-explanatory:<br />
/* Allow users in admin group to run GParted without authentication */<br />
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {<br />
if (action.id == "org.archlinux.pkexec.gparted" &&<br />
subject.isInGroup("admin")) {<br />
return polkit.Result.YES;<br />
}<br />
});<br />
<br />
Inside the function, we check for the specified action ID ''(org.archlinux.pkexec.gparted)'' and for the user's group ''(admin)'', then return a value "yes".<br />
<br />
=== Administrator identities ===<br />
<br />
The {{ic|addAdminRule()}} method is used for adding a function that may be called whenever administrator authentication is required. The function is used to specify what identities may be used for administrator authentication for the authorization check identified by action and subject. Functions added are called in the order they have been added until one of the functions returns a value. <br />
<br />
The default configuration for administrator identities is contained in the file {{ic|50-default.rules}} so any changes to that configuration should be made by copying the file to, say, {{ic|40-default.rules}} and editing that file.<br />
{{hc|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-default.rules|<nowiki><br />
polkit.addAdminRule(function(action, subject) {<br />
return ["unix-group:wheel"];<br />
});</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
The only part to edit (once copied) is the return array of the function: as whom should a user authenticate when asked to authenticate as an administrative user? If she herself is a member of the group designated as admins, she only need enter her own password. If some other user, e.g. root, is the only admin identity, she would need to enter in root's password. The format of the user identification is the same as the one used in designating authorities. <br />
<br />
The Arch default is to make all members of the group '''wheel''' administrators. A rule like below will have polkit ask for the root password instead of the users password for Admin authentication.<br />
<br />
{{hc|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/49-rootpw_global.rules|<br />
/* Always authenticate Admins by prompting for the root<br />
* password, similar to the rootpw option in sudo<br />
*/<br />
polkit.addAdminRule(function(action, subject) {<br />
return ["unix-user:root"];<br />
});<br />
}}<br />
<br />
== Examples ==<br />
<br />
=== Disable suspend and hibernate ===<br />
<br />
The following rule disables suspend and hibernate for all users.<br />
{{hc|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-disable-suspend.rules|<nowiki><br />
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {<br />
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.login1.suspend" ||<br />
action.id == "org.freedesktop.login1.suspend-multiple-sessions" ||<br />
action.id == "org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate" ||<br />
action.id == "org.freedesktop.login1.hibernate-multiple-sessions")<br />
{<br />
return polkit.Result.NO;<br />
}<br />
});</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
=== Bypass password prompt ===<br />
<br />
To achieve something similar to the [[sudo]] {{ic|NOPASSWD}} option and get authorized solely based on [[Users_and_groups|user/group]] identity, you can create custom rules in {{ic|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/}}. This allows you to override password authentication either [[#For_specific_actions|only for specific actions]] or [[#Globally|globally]]. See [https://gist.github.com/4013294/ccacedd69d54de7f2fd5881b546d5192d6a2bddb] for an example rule set.<br />
<br />
==== Globally ====<br />
<br />
Create the following file as root:<br />
{{hc|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/49-nopasswd_global.rules|<br />
/* Allow members of the wheel group to execute any actions<br />
* without password authentication, similar to "sudo NOPASSWD:"<br />
*/<br />
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {<br />
if (subject.isInGroup("wheel")) {<br />
return polkit.Result.YES;<br />
}<br />
});<br />
}}<br />
<br />
Replace {{ic|wheel}} by any group of your preference.<br />
<br />
This will result in automatic authentication for '''any''' action requiring admin rights via Polkit. As such, be careful with the group you choose to give such rights to.<br />
<br />
==== For specific actions ====<br />
<br />
Create the following file as root:<br />
{{hc|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/49-nopasswd_limited.rules|<nowiki><br />
/* Allow members of the wheel group to execute the defined actions <br />
* without password authentication, similar to "sudo NOPASSWD:"<br />
*/<br />
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {<br />
if ((action.id == "org.archlinux.pkexec.gparted" ||<br />
action.id == "org.libvirt.unix.manage") &&<br />
subject.isInGroup("wheel"))<br />
{<br />
return polkit.Result.YES;<br />
}<br />
});<br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
<br />
The {{ic|action.id}}s selected here are just (working) examples for GParted and [[Libvirt]], but you can replace them by any other of your liking as long as they exist (custom made or supplied by a package), and so can you define any group instead of {{ic|wheel}}.<br />
<br />
The {{ic|<nowiki>||</nowiki>}} operator is used to delimit actions (logical OR), and {{ic|&&}} means logical AND and must be kept as the last operator.<br />
<br />
==== Udisks ====<br />
<br />
[[File manager]]s may ask for a password when trying to mount a storage device, or yield a ''Not authorized'' or similar error. See [[Udisks#Configuration]] for details.<br />
<br />
=== Allow management of individual systemd units by regular users ===<br />
<br />
By checking for certain values passed to the polkit policy check, you can give specific users or groups the ability to manage specific units. As an example, you might want regular users to start and stop [[wpa_supplicant]]:<br />
<br />
{{hc|/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/10-wifimanagement.rules|<nowiki><br />
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) {<br />
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.systemd1.manage-units") {<br />
if (action.lookup("unit") == "wpa_supplicant.service") {<br />
var verb = action.lookup("verb");<br />
if (verb == "start" || verb == "stop" || verb == "restart") {<br />
return polkit.Result.YES;<br />
}<br />
}<br />
}<br />
});</nowiki><br />
}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.freedesktop.org/software/polkit/docs/latest/polkit.8.html Polkit manual page]</div>Vicr123https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Desktop_environment&diff=465263Desktop environment2017-01-13T06:45:13Z<p>Vicr123: Add theShell instructions for another window manager</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Desktop environments]]<br />
[[es:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[fa:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[it:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[ja:デスクトップ環境]]<br />
[[ru:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[sv:Skrivbordsmiljö]]<br />
[[uk:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[zh-hans:Desktop environment]]<br />
{{Related articles start}}<br />
{{Related|Display manager}}<br />
{{Related|Window manager}}<br />
{{Related|Xorg}}<br />
{{Related|Wayland}}<br />
{{Related|Default applications}}<br />
{{Related articles end}}<br />
A [[Wikipedia:Desktop environment|desktop environment]] provides a ''complete'' graphical user interface (GUI) for a system by bundling together a variety of components written using a common widget toolkit and set of libraries.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
A desktop environment bundles together a variety of components to provide common graphical user interface elements such as icons, toolbars, wallpapers, and desktop widgets. Additionally, most desktop environments include a set of integrated applications and utilities. Most importantly, desktop environments provide their own [[window manager]], which can however usually be replaced with another compatible one.<br />
<br />
The user is free to configure their GUI environment in any number of ways. Desktop environments simply provide a complete and convenient means of accomplishing this task. Note that users are free to mix-and-match applications from multiple desktop environments. For example, a KDE user may install and run GNOME applications such as the Epiphany web browser, should he/she prefer it over KDE's Konqueror web browser. One drawback of this approach is that many applications provided by desktop environment projects rely heavily upon their DE's respective underlying libraries. As a result, installing applications from a range of desktop environments will require installation of a larger number of dependencies. Users seeking to conserve disk space often avoid such mixed environments, or chose alternatives which do depend on only few external libraries.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, DE-provided applications tend to integrate better with their native environments. Superficially, mixing environments with different widget toolkits will result in visual discrepancies (that is, interfaces will use different icons and widget styles). In terms of usability, mixed environments may not behave similarly (e.g. single-clicking versus double-clicking icons; drag-and-drop functionality) potentially causing confusion or unexpected behavior.<br />
<br />
Prior to installing a desktop environment, a functional X server installation is required. See [[Xorg]] for detailed information. Some desktop environments may also support [[Wayland]] as an alternative to X, but most of these are still experimental.<br />
<br />
== List of desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
=== Officially supported ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Budgie Desktop|Budgie]]|Budgie is a desktop environment designed with the modern user in mind, it focuses on simplicity and elegance. |https://solus-project.com/budgie/|{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Cinnamon]]|Cinnamon strives to provide a traditional user experience. Cinnamon is a fork of GNOME 3.|http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/|{{Pkg|cinnamon}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Deepin]]|Deepin desktop interface and apps feature an intuitive and elegant design. Moving around, sharing and searching etc. has become simply a joyful experience. |https://www.deepin.org/|{{grp|deepin}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Enlightenment]]|The Enlightenment desktop shell provides an efficient window manager based on the Enlightenment Foundation Libraries along with other essential desktop components like a file manager, desktop icons and widgets. It supports themes, while still being capable of performing on older hardware or embedded devices.|https://www.enlightenment.org/|{{Pkg|enlightenment}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[GNOME]]|The GNOME desktop environment is an attractive and intuitive desktop with both a modern (''GNOME'') and a classic (''GNOME Classic'') session.|https://www.gnome.org/gnome-3/|{{grp|gnome}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[GNOME Flashback]]| GNOME Flashback is a shell for GNOME 3 which was initially called GNOME fallback mode. The desktop layout and the underlying technology is similar to GNOME 2.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeFlashback|{{Pkg|gnome-flashback}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[KDE Plasma]]|The KDE Plasma desktop environment is a familiar working environment. Plasma Desktop offers all the tools required for a modern desktop computing experience so you can be productive right from the start.|https://www.kde.org/workspaces/plasmadesktop/|{{grp|plasma}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[LXDE]]|The Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment is a fast and energy-saving desktop environment. It comes with a modern interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and additional features like tabbed file browsing. Fundamentally designed to be lightweight, LXDE strives to be less CPU and RAM intensive than other environments.|http://lxde.org/|GTK+ 2: {{grp|lxde}}, GTK+ 3: {{grp|lxde-gtk3}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[LXQt]]|LXQt is the Qt port and the upcoming version of LXDE, the Lightweight Desktop Environment. It is the product of the merge between the LXDE-Qt and the Razor-qt projects: A lightweight, modular, blazing-fast and user-friendly desktop environment.|http://lxqt.org/|{{grp|lxqt}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[MATE]]|Mate provides an intuitive and attractive desktop to Linux users using traditional metaphors. MATE is a fork of GNOME 2.|http://www.mate-desktop.org/|GTK+ 2: {{grp|mate}}, GTK+ 3: {{grp|mate-gtk3}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Xfce]]|Xfce embodies the traditional UNIX philosophy of modularity and re-usability. It consists of a number of components that provide the full functionality one can expect of a modern desktop environment, while remaining relatively light. They are packaged separately and you can pick among the available packages to create the optimal personal working environment.|http://www.xfce.org/|{{grp|xfce4}}}}<br />
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=== Unofficially supported ===<br />
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* {{App|[[CDE]]|The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX98 Workstation Product Standard, and was long the "classic" Unix desktop associated with commercial Unix workstations. Highly experimental.|https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/|{{AUR|cdesktopenv}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]]|The "Equinox Desktop Environment" is a DE designed to be simple, extremely light-weight and fast.|http://equinox-project.org/|{{AUR|ede}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Hawaii]]|Hawaii is a lightweight, coherent and fast desktop environment that relies on Qt 5, QtQuick and Wayland and is designed to offer the best UX for the device where it is running.|http://hawaiios.org|{{AUR|hawaii-shell}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Lumina]]|Lumina is a lightweight desktop environment written in Qt 5 for FreeBSD that uses Fluxbox for window management.|https://blog.pcbsd.org/2014/04/quick-lumina-desktop-faq/|{{AUR|lumina-desktop}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Moksha]]|Fork of Enlightenment currently used as default desktop environment in Ubuntu-based Bodhi Linux.|http://www.bodhilinux.com/moksha-desktop/|{{AUR|moksha}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Pantheon]]|Pantheon is the default desktop environment originally created for the elementary OS distribution. It is written from scratch using Vala and the GTK3 toolkit. With regards to usability and appearance, the desktop has some similarities with GNOME Shell and macOS.|https://elementary.io/|{{AUR|pantheon-session-bzr}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Papyros shell|Papyros]]|Papyros shell is a modern desktop shell which adheres to Google's Material Design guidelines. Highly experimental.|http://papyros.io/|{{AUR|papyros-shell}}{{Broken package link|package not found}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Sugar]]|The Sugar Learning Platform is a computer environment composed of Activities designed to help children from 5 to 12 years of age learn together through rich-media expression. Sugar is the core component of a worldwide effort to provide every child with the opportunity for a quality education — it is currently used by nearly one-million children worldwide speaking 25 languages in over 40 countries. Sugar provides the means to help people lead fulfilling lives through access to a quality education that is currently missed by so many.|https://wiki.sugarlabs.org/|{{AUR|sugar}}}}<br />
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* {{App|theShell|theShell is a desktop environment that tries to be as transparent as possible. It uses Qt 5 as its widget toolkit and KWin as its window manager. It also incorporates a personal assistant.|https://vicr123.github.io/theshell|{{AUR|theshell}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Trinity]]|The Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) project is a computer desktop environment for Unix-like operating systems with a primary goal of retaining the overall KDE 3.5 computing style.|http://www.trinitydesktop.org/|See [[Trinity]]}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Unity]]|Unity is a shell for GNOME designed by Canonical for Ubuntu.|http://unity.ubuntu.com/|See [[Unity]]}}<br />
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== Comparison of desktop environments ==<br />
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''This section attempts to draw a comparison between popular desktop environments. Note that first-hand experience is the only effective way to truly evaluate whether a desktop environment best suits your needs.''<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of X Window System desktop environments]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Overview of desktop environments <!-- PLEASE DO NOT OVER-CLUTTER THIS TABLE! --><br />
! Desktop environment !! Widget toolkit !! Window manager !! Taskbar !! Terminal emulator !! File manager !! Calculator !! Text editor !! Image viewer !! Media player !! Web browser !! Display manager<br />
|-<br />
| [[Budgie Desktop|Budgie]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || budgie-wm<br>{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}} || budgie-panel<br>{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cinnamon]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || Muffin<br>{{pkg|muffin}} || Cinnamon<br>{{pkg|cinnamon}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME&nbsp;Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[Nemo]]<br>{{pkg|nemo}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye&nbsp;of&nbsp;GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Deepin]] || [[GTK+]] 2/3, [[Qt]]&nbsp;5<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} {{pkg|qt5-base}} || Deepin Window Manager<br>{{pkg|deepin-wm}} || Deepin Dock<br>{{pkg|deepin-dock}} || Deepin Terminal<br>{{pkg|deepin-terminal}} || Deepin File Manager<br>{{pkg|deepin-file-manager}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || Deepin Image Viewer<br>{{pkg|deepin-image-viewer}} || Deepin Movie<br>{{pkg|deepin-movie}} || [[Chromium]]<br>{{pkg|chromium}} || [[LightDM]] Deepin Greeter<br>{{pkg|deepin-session-ui}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]] || [http://www.fltk.org/ FLTK]<br>{{pkg|fltk}} || [[PekWM]]<br>{{AUR|ede}} || EDE Panel<br>{{AUR|ede}} || [[Xterm|XTerm]]<br>{{Pkg|xterm}} || Fluff<br>{{AUR|fluff}} || Calculator<br>{{AUR|ede}} || Editor<br>{{AUR|fltk-editor}} || Image Viewer<br>{{AUR|ede}} || flmusic<br>{{AUR|flmusic}} || [[Dillo]]<br>{{Pkg|dillo}} || [[XDM]]<br>{{Pkg|xorg-xdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Enlightenment]] || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-efl EFL]<br>{{Pkg|efl}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-terminology Terminology]<br>{{pkg|terminology}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || Equate<br>{{AUR|equate-git}} || Ecrire<br>{{AUR|ecrire-git}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-ephoto Ephoto]<br>{{AUR|ephoto-git}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-rage Rage]<br>{{AUR|rage}} || [[Wikipedia:Links (web browser)|Links]]<br>{{Pkg|links}} || [[XDM]]<br>{{Pkg|xorg-xdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[GNOME]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Mutter (window manager)|Mutter]]<br>{{pkg|mutter}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Shell|GNOME Shell]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-shell}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[GNOME Flashback]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Metacity|Metacity]]<br>{{pkg|metacity}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Panel|GNOME Panel]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-panel}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hawaii]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{Pkg|qt5-base}} || Green Island<br>{{AUR|greenisland}} || Hawaii Shell<br>{{AUR|hawaii-shell}} || Terminal<br>{{AUR|hawaii-terminal}} || Swordfish<br>{{AUR?|swordfish}} || [http://speedcrunch.org/ SpeedCrunch]<br>{{AUR|speedcrunch-git}} || JuffEd<br>{{AUR|juffed-qt5-git}} || EyeSight<br>{{AUR|eyesight}} || SMPlayer<br>{{Pkg|smplayer}} || QupZilla<br>{{Pkg|qupzilla}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[KDE Plasma]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Wikipedia:KWin|KWin]]<br>{{pkg|kwin}} || [[Wikipedia:KDE Plasma 5#Desktop|Plasma&nbsp;Desktop]]<br>{{pkg|plasma-desktop}} || [http://konsole.kde.org/ Konsole]<br>{{pkg|konsole}} || [http://dolphin.kde.org/ Dolphin]<br>{{pkg|dolphin}} || [http://www.kde.org/applications/utilities/kcalc/ KCalc]<br>{{pkg|kcalc}} || [http://kate-editor.org/ KWrite/Kate]<br>{{pkg|kwrite}} {{pkg|kate}} || [http://gwenview.sourceforge.net/ Gwenview]<br>{{pkg|gwenview}} || [http://www.kde.org/applications/multimedia/dragonplayer/ Dragon&nbsp;Player]<br>{{pkg|dragon}} || [http://www.konqueror.org/ Konqueror]<br>{{pkg|konqueror}} || [[SDDM]]<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXDE]] (GTK+ 2) || [[GTK+]] 2<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{pkg|openbox}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXPanel LXPanel]<br>{{pkg|lxpanel}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXTerminal LXTerminal]<br>{{pkg|lxterminal}} || [[PCManFM]]<br>{{pkg|pcmanfm}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator-gtk2}} || [http://tarot.freeshell.org/leafpad/ Leafpad]<br>{{pkg|leafpad}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/GPicView GPicView]<br>{{pkg|gpicview}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXMusic LXMusic]<br>{{pkg|lxmusic}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LXDM]]<br>{{pkg|lxdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXDE]] (GTK+ 3) || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{Pkg|gtk3}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{Pkg|openbox}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXPanel LXPanel]<br>{{Pkg|lxpanel-gtk3}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXTerminal LXTerminal]<br>{{Pkg|lxterminal-gtk3}} || [[PCManFM]]<br>{{Pkg|pcmanfm-gtk3}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || L3afpad<br>{{Pkg|l3afpad}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/GPicView GPicView]<br>{{AUR|gpicview-gtk3}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXMusic LXMusic]<br>{{Pkg|lxmusic-gtk3}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LXDM]]<br>{{Pkg|lxdm-gtk3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXQt]] || [[Qt]] 5 <br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{pkg|openbox}} || LXQt Panel<br>{{pkg|lxqt-panel}} || QTerminal<br>{{Pkg|qterminal}} || PCManFM-Qt<br>{{pkg|pcmanfm-qt}} || [http://speedcrunch.org/ SpeedCrunch]<br>{{AUR|speedcrunch-git}} || JuffEd<br>{{AUR|juffed-qt5-git}} || LxImage-Qt<br>{{AUR|lximage-qt}} || SMPlayer<br>{{Pkg|smplayer}} || QupZilla<br>{{Pkg|qupzilla}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[MATE]] (GTK+ 2) || [[GTK+]] 2/3<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} || Marco<br>{{pkg|marco}} || MATE Panel<br>{{pkg|mate-panel}} || MATE Terminal<br>{{pkg|mate-terminal}} || Caja<br>{{pkg|caja}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator-gtk2}} || pluma<br>{{pkg|pluma}} || Eye of MATE<br>{{pkg|eom}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[MATE]] (GTK+ 3) || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || Marco<br>{{pkg|marco-gtk3}} || MATE Panel<br>{{pkg|mate-panel-gtk3}} || MATE Terminal<br>{{pkg|mate-terminal}} || Caja<br>{{pkg|caja-gtk3}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || pluma<br>{{pkg|pluma-gtk3}} || Eye of MATE<br>{{pkg|eom-gtk3}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pantheon]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [https://launchpad.net/gala Gala]<br>{{AUR|gala-bzr}} || [https://launchpad.net/plank Plank]/[https://launchpad.net/wingpanel Wingpanel]<br>{{Pkg|plank}} {{AUR|wingpanel}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-terminal Pantheon&nbsp;Terminal]<br>{{Pkg|pantheon-terminal}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-files Pantheon Files]<br>{{Pkg|pantheon-files}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-calculator Pantheon Calculator]<br>{{AUR|pantheon-calculator}} || [https://launchpad.net/scratch Scratch]<br>{{Pkg|scratch-text-editor}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-photos Pantheon Photos]<br>{{pkg|pantheon-photos}} || [https://launchpad.net/audience Audience]<br>{{pkg|audience}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[LightDM]] Pantheon&nbsp;Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-pantheon-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Papyros]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{Pkg|qt5-base}} || Green Island<br>{{AUR|greenisland}} || Papyros Shell<br>{{AUR|papyros-shell}}{{Broken package link|package not found}} || Papyros Terminal<br>{{Pkg|papyros-terminal}} || Papyros Files<br>{{Pkg|papyros-files}} || Liri Calculator<br>{{AUR?|liri-calculator}} || Liri Text<br>{{AUR?|liri-text}} || Liri Browser<br>{{AUR|liri-browser}} || Liri Player<br>{{AUR|liri-player-git}} || Liri Browser<br>{{AUR|liri-browser}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sugar]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Metacity|Metacity]]<br>{{pkg|metacity}} || Sugar<br>{{AUR|sugar}} || Terminal<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-terminal}} || Sugar Journal<br>{{AUR|sugar}} || Calculate<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-calculate}} || Write<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-write}} || ImageViewer<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-imageviewer}} || Jukebox<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-jukebox}} || Browse<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-browse}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| theShell || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Wikipedia:KWin|KWin]]<br>{{pkg|kwin}} || theShell<br>{{AUR|theshell}} || theTerminal<br>{{AUR|theterminal}} || theFile<br>{{AUR|thefile}} || theCalculator<br>{{AUR|thecalculator}} || [http://kate-editor.org/ KWrite/Kate]<br>{{pkg|kwrite}} {{pkg|kate}} || [http://gwenview.sourceforge.net/ Gwenview]<br>{{pkg|gwenview}} || theMedia<br>{{AUR|themedia}} || theWeb<br>{{AUR|theweb}} || [[LightDM]] Contemporary Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-webkit-theme-contemporary}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trinity]] || TQt || TWin || Kicker || Konsole || Konqueror || KCalc || Kwrite / Kate || Kuickshow || Kaffeine || Konqueror || TDM<br />
|-<br />
| [[Unity]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Compiz]]<br>{{AUR|compiz-ubuntu}} || [[Unity]] || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME&nbsp;Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{Pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye&nbsp;of&nbsp;GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] Unity Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-unity-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Xfce]] || [[GTK+]] 2/3<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfwm4/start Xfwm4]<br>{{pkg|xfwm4}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfce4-panel/start Xfce Panel]<br>{{pkg|xfce4-panel}} || [http://www.xfce.org/projects/terminal Terminal]<br>{{pkg|xfce4-terminal}} || [[Thunar]]<br>{{pkg|thunar}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || Mousepad<br>{{pkg|mousepad}} || [http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/ristretto Ristretto]<br>{{pkg|ristretto}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Resource use ===<br />
<br />
In terms of system resources, GNOME and KDE are ''expensive'' desktop environments. Not only do complete installations consume more disk space than lightweight alternatives (LXDE, LXQt and Xfce) but also more CPU and memory resources while in use. This is because GNOME and KDE are relatively ''full-featured'': they provide the most complete and well-integrated environments.<br />
<br />
LXDE, LXQt and Xfce, on the other hand, are ''lightweight'' desktop environments. They are designed to work well on older or lower-power hardware and generally consume fewer system resources while in use. This is achieved by cutting back on ''extra'' features (which some would term ''bloat'').<br />
<br />
== Custom environments ==<br />
<br />
Desktop environments represent the simplest means of installing a ''complete'' graphical environment. However, users are free to build and customize their graphical environment in any number of ways if none of the popular desktop environments meet their requirements. Generally, building a custom environment involves selection of a suitable [[window manager]], a [[List of applications#Taskbars / panels / docks|taskbar]] and a number of applications (a minimalist selection usually includes a [[terminal emulator]], [[List of applications#File managers|file manager]], and [[text editor]]).<br />
<br />
Other applications that are usually provided by desktop environments are:<br />
<br />
* Application launcher: [[List of applications#Application launchers]]<br />
* Clipboard manager: [[Clipboard#List of clipboard managers]]<br />
* Desktop compositor: [[Xorg#Composite]]<br />
* Desktop wallpaper setter and desktop icon: [[List of applications#Wallpaper setters]] and [[Openbox#Icon programs]]<br />
* Display manager: [[Display manager#List of display managers]]<br />
* Display power saving settings: [[Display Power Management Signaling]]<br />
* Logout dialogue: [[List of applications#Logout dialogue]]<br />
* Mount tool: [[List of applications#Mount tools]]<br />
* Notification daemon: [[Desktop notifications]]<br />
* Polkit authentication agent: [[Polkit#Authentication agents]]<br />
* Screen locker: [[List of applications#Screen lockers]]<br />
* Sound volume manager: [[List of applications#Volume managers]]<br />
<br />
=== Custom window manager ===<br />
<br />
In many desktop environments, it is possible to replace the supplied window manager. See below for instructions specific to your environment.<br />
<br />
;GNOME<br />
<br />
Alternative window managers cannot be used with GNOME Shell however [[GNOME Flashback]] provides sessions for Metacity and [[Compiz]]. Furthermore, it is possible to define your own [[GNOME/Tips and tricks#Custom GNOME sessions|custom GNOME sessions]] which use alternative components.<br />
<br />
;Cinnamon<br />
<br />
Alternative window managers cannot be used with [[Cinnamon]].<br />
<br />
;Other desktop environments<br />
<br />
* KDE - See [[KDE#Using an alternative window manager]].<br />
<br />
* MATE - See [[MATE#Use a different window manager with MATE]].<br />
<br />
* Xfce - See [[Xfce#Default window manager]].<br />
<br />
* LXDE - See [[LXDE#Replace Openbox]].<br />
<br />
* LXQt - See [[LXQt#Replace Openbox]].<br />
<br />
* Budgie - See [[Budgie Desktop#Replace Budgie WM]].<br />
<br />
* theShell - In theShell settings, under the "Danger" category, enter the command to start the window manager in "Window Manager Command"</div>Vicr123https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Desktop_environment&diff=457527Desktop environment2016-11-23T10:52:52Z<p>Vicr123: theShell now has an official calculator. Update theShell entry in comparison table.</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Desktop environments]]<br />
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[[sv:Skrivbordsmiljö]]<br />
[[uk:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[zh-cn:Desktop environment]]<br />
{{Related articles start}}<br />
{{Related|Display manager}}<br />
{{Related|Window manager}}<br />
{{Related|Xorg}}<br />
{{Related|Wayland}}<br />
{{Related|Default applications}}<br />
{{Related articles end}}<br />
A [[Wikipedia:Desktop environment|desktop environment]] provides a ''complete'' graphical user interface (GUI) for a system by bundling together a variety of components written using a common widget toolkit and set of libraries.<br />
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== Overview ==<br />
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A desktop environment bundles together a variety of components to provide common graphical user interface elements such as icons, toolbars, wallpapers, and desktop widgets. Additionally, most desktop environments include a set of integrated applications and utilities. Most importantly, desktop environments provide their own [[window manager]], which can however usually be replaced with another compatible one.<br />
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The user is free to configure their GUI environment in any number of ways. Desktop environments simply provide a complete and convenient means of accomplishing this task. Note that users are free to mix-and-match applications from multiple desktop environments. For example, a KDE user may install and run GNOME applications such as the Epiphany web browser, should he/she prefer it over KDE's Konqueror web browser. One drawback of this approach is that many applications provided by desktop environment projects rely heavily upon their DE's respective underlying libraries. As a result, installing applications from a range of desktop environments will require installation of a larger number of dependencies. Users seeking to conserve disk space and avoid [[Wikipedia:software bloat|software bloat]] often avoid such mixed environments, or look into lightweight alternatives.<br />
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Furthermore, DE-provided applications tend to integrate better with their native environments. Superficially, mixing environments with different widget toolkits will result in visual discrepancies (that is, interfaces will use different icons and widget styles). In terms of user experience, mixed environments may not behave similarly (e.g. single-clicking versus double-clicking icons; drag-and-drop functionality) potentially causing confusion or unexpected behavior.<br />
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Prior to installing a desktop environment, a functional X server installation is required. See [[Xorg]] for detailed information. Some desktop environments may also support [[Wayland]] as an alternative to X, but most of these are still experimental.<br />
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== List of desktop environments ==<br />
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=== Officially supported ===<br />
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* {{App|[[Budgie Desktop|Budgie]]|Budgie is a desktop environment designed with the modern user in mind, it focuses on simplicity and elegance. |https://solus-project.com/budgie/|{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Cinnamon]]|Cinnamon strives to provide a traditional user experience. Cinnamon is a fork of GNOME 3.|http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/|{{Pkg|cinnamon}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Deepin]]|Deepin desktop interface and apps feature an intuitive and elegant design. Moving around, sharing and searching etc. has become simply a joyful experience. |https://www.deepin.org/|{{grp|deepin}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Enlightenment]]|The Enlightenment desktop shell provides an efficient window manager based on the Enlightenment Foundation Libraries along with other essential desktop components like a file manager, desktop icons and widgets. It supports themes, while still being capable of performing on older hardware or embedded devices.|https://www.enlightenment.org/|{{Pkg|enlightenment}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[GNOME]]|The GNOME desktop environment is an attractive and intuitive desktop with both a modern (''GNOME'') and a classic (''GNOME Classic'') session.|https://www.gnome.org/gnome-3/|{{grp|gnome}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[GNOME Flashback]]| GNOME Flashback is a shell for GNOME 3 which was initially called GNOME fallback mode. The desktop layout and the underlying technology is similar to GNOME 2.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeFlashback|{{Pkg|gnome-flashback}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[KDE Plasma]]|The KDE Plasma desktop environment is a familiar working environment. Plasma Desktop offers all the tools required for a modern desktop computing experience so you can be productive right from the start.|https://www.kde.org/workspaces/plasmadesktop/|{{grp|plasma}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[LXDE]]|The Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment is a fast and energy-saving desktop environment. It comes with a modern interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and additional features like tabbed file browsing. Fundamentally designed to be lightweight, LXDE strives to be less CPU and RAM intensive than other environments.|http://lxde.org/|GTK+ 2: {{grp|lxde}}, GTK+ 3: {{grp|lxde-gtk3}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[LXQt]]|LXQt is the Qt port and the upcoming version of LXDE, the Lightweight Desktop Environment. It is the product of the merge between the LXDE-Qt and the Razor-qt projects: A lightweight, modular, blazing-fast and user-friendly desktop environment.|http://lxqt.org/|{{grp|lxqt}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[MATE]]|Mate provides an intuitive and attractive desktop to Linux users using traditional metaphors. MATE is a fork of GNOME 2.|http://www.mate-desktop.org/|GTK+ 2: {{grp|mate}}, GTK+ 3: {{grp|mate-gtk3}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Xfce]]|Xfce embodies the traditional UNIX philosophy of modularity and re-usability. It consists of a number of components that provide the full functionality one can expect of a modern desktop environment, while remaining relatively light. They are packaged separately and you can pick among the available packages to create the optimal personal working environment.|http://www.xfce.org/|{{grp|xfce4}}}}<br />
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=== Unofficially supported ===<br />
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* {{App|[[CDE]]|The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX98 Workstation Product Standard, and was long the "classic" Unix desktop associated with commercial Unix workstations. Highly experimental.|https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/|{{AUR|cdesktopenv}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]]|The "Equinox Desktop Environment" is a DE designed to be simple, extremely light-weight and fast.|http://equinox-project.org/|{{AUR|ede}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Hawaii]]|Hawaii is a lightweight, coherent and fast desktop environment that relies on Qt 5, QtQuick and Wayland and is designed to offer the best UX for the device where it is running.|http://hawaiios.org|{{AUR|hawaii-shell}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Lumina]]|Lumina is a lightweight desktop environment written in Qt 5 for FreeBSD that uses Fluxbox for window management.|https://blog.pcbsd.org/2014/04/quick-lumina-desktop-faq/|{{AUR|lumina-desktop}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Moksha]]|Fork of Enlightenment currently used as default desktop environment in Ubuntu-based Bodhi Linux.|http://www.bodhilinux.com/moksha-desktop/|{{AUR|moksha}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Pantheon]]|Pantheon is the default desktop environment originally created for the elementary OS distribution. It is written from scratch using Vala and the GTK3 toolkit. With regards to usability and appearance, the desktop has some similarities with GNOME Shell and macOS.|https://elementary.io/|{{AUR|pantheon-session-bzr}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Papyros shell|Papyros]]|Papyros shell is a modern desktop shell which adheres to Google's Material Design guidelines. Highly experimental.|http://papyros.io/|{{AUR|papyros-shell}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Sugar]]|The Sugar Learning Platform is a computer environment composed of Activities designed to help children from 5 to 12 years of age learn together through rich-media expression. Sugar is the core component of a worldwide effort to provide every child with the opportunity for a quality education — it is currently used by nearly one-million children worldwide speaking 25 languages in over 40 countries. Sugar provides the means to help people lead fulfilling lives through access to a quality education that is currently missed by so many.|https://wiki.sugarlabs.org/|{{AUR|sugar}}}}<br />
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* {{App|theShell|theShell is a desktop environment that tries to be as transparent as possible. It uses Qt 5 as its widget toolkit and KWin as its window manager. It also incorporates a personal assistant.|https://vicr123.github.io/theshell|{{AUR|theshell}}}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Trinity]]|The Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) project is a computer desktop environment for Unix-like operating systems with a primary goal of retaining the overall KDE 3.5 computing style.|http://www.trinitydesktop.org/|See [[Trinity]]}}<br />
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* {{App|[[Unity]]|Unity is a shell for GNOME designed by Canonical for Ubuntu.|http://unity.ubuntu.com/|See [[Unity]]}}<br />
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== Comparison of desktop environments ==<br />
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''This section attempts to draw a comparison between popular desktop environments. Note that first-hand experience is the only effective way to truly evaluate whether a desktop environment best suits your needs.''<br />
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See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of X Window System desktop environments]].<br />
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{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Overview of desktop environments <!-- PLEASE DO NOT OVER-CLUTTER THIS TABLE! --><br />
! Desktop environment !! Widget toolkit !! Window manager !! Taskbar !! Terminal emulator !! File manager !! Calculator !! Text editor !! Image viewer !! Media player !! Web browser !! Display manager<br />
|-<br />
| [[Budgie Desktop|Budgie]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || budgie-wm<br>{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}} || budgie-panel<br>{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cinnamon]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || Muffin<br>{{pkg|muffin}} || Cinnamon<br>{{pkg|cinnamon}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME&nbsp;Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[Nemo]]<br>{{pkg|nemo}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye&nbsp;of&nbsp;GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Deepin]] || [[GTK+]] 2/3, [[Qt]]&nbsp;5<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} {{pkg|qt5-base}} || Deepin Window Manager<br>{{pkg|deepin-wm}} || Deepin Dock<br>{{pkg|deepin-dock}} || Deepin Terminal<br>{{pkg|deepin-terminal}} || Deepin File Manager<br>{{pkg|deepin-file-manager}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || Deepin Image Viewer<br>{{pkg|deepin-image-viewer}} || Deepin Movie<br>{{pkg|deepin-movie}} || [[Chromium]]<br>{{pkg|chromium}} || [[LightDM]] Deepin Greeter<br>{{pkg|deepin-session-ui}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]] || [http://www.fltk.org/ FLTK]<br>{{pkg|fltk}} || [[PekWM]]<br>{{AUR|ede}} || EDE Panel<br>{{AUR|ede}} || [[Xterm|XTerm]]<br>{{Pkg|xterm}} || Fluff<br>{{AUR|fluff}} || Calculator<br>{{AUR|ede}} || Editor<br>{{AUR|fltk-editor}} || Image Viewer<br>{{AUR|ede}} || flmusic<br>{{AUR|flmusic}} || [[Dillo]]<br>{{Pkg|dillo}} || [[XDM]]<br>{{Pkg|xorg-xdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Enlightenment]] || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-efl EFL]<br>{{Pkg|efl}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-terminology Terminology]<br>{{pkg|terminology}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || Equate<br>{{AUR|equate-git}} || Ecrire<br>{{AUR|ecrire-git}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-ephoto Ephoto]<br>{{AUR|ephoto-git}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-rage Rage]<br>{{AUR|rage}} || [[Wikipedia:Links (web browser)|Links]]<br>{{Pkg|links}} || [[XDM]]<br>{{Pkg|xorg-xdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[GNOME]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Mutter (window manager)|Mutter]]<br>{{pkg|mutter}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Shell|GNOME Shell]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-shell}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[GNOME Flashback]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Metacity|Metacity]]<br>{{pkg|metacity}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Panel|GNOME Panel]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-panel}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hawaii]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{Pkg|qt5-base}} || Green Island<br>{{AUR|greenisland}} || Hawaii Shell<br>{{AUR|hawaii-shell}} || Terminal<br>{{AUR|hawaii-terminal}} || Swordfish<br>{{AUR?|swordfish}} || [http://speedcrunch.org/ SpeedCrunch]<br>{{AUR|speedcrunch-git}} || JuffEd<br>{{AUR|juffed-qt5-git}} || EyeSight<br>{{AUR|eyesight}} || SMPlayer<br>{{Pkg|smplayer}} || QupZilla<br>{{Pkg|qupzilla}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[KDE Plasma]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Wikipedia:KWin|KWin]]<br>{{pkg|kwin}} || [[Wikipedia:KDE Plasma 5#Desktop|Plasma&nbsp;Desktop]]<br>{{pkg|plasma-desktop}} || [http://konsole.kde.org/ Konsole]<br>{{pkg|konsole}} || [http://dolphin.kde.org/ Dolphin]<br>{{pkg|dolphin}} || [http://www.kde.org/applications/utilities/kcalc/ KCalc]<br>{{pkg|kcalc}} || [http://kate-editor.org/ KWrite/Kate]<br>{{pkg|kwrite}} {{pkg|kate}} || [http://gwenview.sourceforge.net/ Gwenview]<br>{{pkg|gwenview}} || [http://www.kde.org/applications/multimedia/dragonplayer/ Dragon&nbsp;Player]<br>{{pkg|dragon}} || [http://www.konqueror.org/ Konqueror]<br>{{pkg|kdebase-konqueror}} || [[SDDM]]<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXDE]] (GTK+ 2) || [[GTK+]] 2<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{pkg|openbox}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXPanel LXPanel]<br>{{pkg|lxpanel}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXTerminal LXTerminal]<br>{{pkg|lxterminal}} || [[PCManFM]]<br>{{pkg|pcmanfm}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator-gtk2}} || [http://tarot.freeshell.org/leafpad/ Leafpad]<br>{{pkg|leafpad}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/GPicView GPicView]<br>{{pkg|gpicview}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXMusic LXMusic]<br>{{pkg|lxmusic}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LXDM]]<br>{{pkg|lxdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXDE]] (GTK+ 3) || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{Pkg|gtk3}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{Pkg|openbox}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXPanel LXPanel]<br>{{Pkg|lxpanel-gtk3}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXTerminal LXTerminal]<br>{{Pkg|lxterminal-gtk3}} || [[PCManFM]]<br>{{Pkg|pcmanfm-gtk3}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || L3afpad<br>{{Pkg|l3afpad}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/GPicView GPicView]<br>{{AUR|gpicview-gtk3}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXMusic LXMusic]<br>{{Pkg|lxmusic-gtk3}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LXDM]]<br>{{Pkg|lxdm-gtk3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXQt]] || [[Qt]] 5 <br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{pkg|openbox}} || LXQt Panel<br>{{pkg|lxqt-panel}} || QTerminal<br>{{Pkg|qterminal}} || PCManFM-Qt<br>{{pkg|pcmanfm-qt}} || [http://speedcrunch.org/ SpeedCrunch]<br>{{AUR|speedcrunch-git}} || JuffEd<br>{{AUR|juffed-qt5-git}} || LxImage-Qt<br>{{AUR|lximage-qt}} || SMPlayer<br>{{Pkg|smplayer}} || QupZilla<br>{{Pkg|qupzilla}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[MATE]] (GTK+ 2) || [[GTK+]] 2/3<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} || Marco<br>{{pkg|marco}} || MATE Panel<br>{{pkg|mate-panel}} || MATE Terminal<br>{{pkg|mate-terminal}} || Caja<br>{{pkg|caja}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator-gtk2}} || pluma<br>{{pkg|pluma}} || Eye of MATE<br>{{pkg|eom}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[MATE]] (GTK+ 3) || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || Marco<br>{{pkg|marco-gtk3}} || MATE Panel<br>{{pkg|mate-panel-gtk3}} || MATE Terminal<br>{{pkg|mate-terminal}} || Caja<br>{{pkg|caja-gtk3}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || pluma<br>{{pkg|pluma-gtk3}} || Eye of MATE<br>{{pkg|eom-gtk3}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pantheon]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [https://launchpad.net/gala Gala]<br>{{AUR|gala-bzr}} || [https://launchpad.net/plank Plank]/[https://launchpad.net/wingpanel Wingpanel]<br>{{Pkg|plank}} {{AUR|wingpanel}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-terminal Pantheon&nbsp;Terminal]<br>{{Pkg|pantheon-terminal}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-files Pantheon Files]<br>{{Pkg|pantheon-files}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-calculator Pantheon Calculator]<br>{{AUR|pantheon-calculator}} || [https://launchpad.net/scratch Scratch]<br>{{Pkg|scratch-text-editor}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-photos Pantheon Photos]<br>{{pkg|pantheon-photos}} || [https://launchpad.net/audience Audience]<br>{{pkg|audience}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[LightDM]] Pantheon&nbsp;Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-pantheon-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Papyros]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{Pkg|qt5-base}} || Green Island<br>{{AUR|greenisland}} || Papyros Shell<br>{{AUR|papyros-shell}} || Papyros Terminal<br>{{Pkg|papyros-terminal}} || Papyros Files<br>{{Pkg|papyros-files}} || Liri Calculator<br>{{AUR?|liri-calculator}} || Liri Text<br>{{AUR?|liri-text}} || Liri Browser<br>{{AUR|liri-browser}} || Liri Player<br>{{AUR|liri-player-git}} || Liri Browser<br>{{AUR|liri-browser}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sugar]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Metacity|Metacity]]<br>{{pkg|metacity}} || Sugar<br>{{AUR|sugar}} || Terminal<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-terminal}} || Sugar Journal<br>{{AUR|sugar}} || Calculate<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-calculate}} || Write<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-write}} || ImageViewer<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-imageviewer}} || Jukebox<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-jukebox}} || Browse<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-browse}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| theShell || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Wikipedia:KWin|KWin]]<br>{{pkg|kwin}} || theShell<br>{{AUR|theshell}} || theTerminal<br>{{AUR|theterminal}} || theFile<br>{{AUR|thefile}} || theCalculator<br>{{AUR|thecalculator}} || [http://kate-editor.org/ KWrite/Kate]<br>{{pkg|kwrite}} {{pkg|kate}} || [http://gwenview.sourceforge.net/ Gwenview]<br>{{pkg|gwenview}} || theMedia<br>{{AUR|themedia}} || theWeb<br>{{AUR|theweb}} || [[LightDM]] Contemporary Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-webkit-theme-contemporary}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trinity]] || TQt || TWin || Kicker || Konsole || Konqueror || KCalc || Kwrite / Kate || Kuickshow || Kaffeine || Konqueror || TDM<br />
|-<br />
| [[Unity]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Compiz]]<br>{{AUR|compiz-ubuntu}} || [[Unity]] || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME&nbsp;Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{Pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye&nbsp;of&nbsp;GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] Unity Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-unity-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Xfce]] || [[GTK+]] 2/3<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfwm4/start Xfwm4]<br>{{pkg|xfwm4}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfce4-panel/start Xfce Panel]<br>{{pkg|xfce4-panel}} || [http://www.xfce.org/projects/terminal Terminal]<br>{{pkg|xfce4-terminal}} || [[Thunar]]<br>{{pkg|thunar}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || Mousepad<br>{{pkg|mousepad}} || [http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/ristretto Ristretto]<br>{{pkg|ristretto}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
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=== Resource use ===<br />
<br />
In terms of system resources, GNOME and KDE are ''expensive'' desktop environments. Not only do complete installations consume more disk space than lightweight alternatives (Enlightenment, LXDE, LXQt and Xfce) but also more CPU and memory resources while in use. This is because GNOME and KDE are relatively ''full-featured'': they provide the most complete and well-integrated environments.<br />
<br />
Enlightenment, LXDE, LXQt and Xfce, on the other hand, are ''lightweight'' desktop environments. They are designed to work well on older or lower-power hardware and generally consume fewer system resources while in use. This is achieved by cutting back on ''extra'' features (which some would term ''bloat'').<br />
<br />
== Custom environments ==<br />
<br />
Desktop environments represent the simplest means of installing a ''complete'' graphical environment. However, users are free to build and customize their graphical environment in any number of ways if none of the popular desktop environments meet their requirements. Generally, building a custom environment involves selection of a suitable [[window manager]], a [[List of applications#Taskbars / panels / docks|taskbar]] and a number of applications (a minimalist selection usually includes a [[terminal emulator]], [[List of applications#File managers|file manager]], and [[text editor]]).<br />
<br />
Other applications that are usually provided by desktop environments are:<br />
<br />
* Application launcher: [[List of applications#Application launchers]]<br />
* Clipboard manager: [[Clipboard#List of clipboard managers]]<br />
* Desktop compositor: [[Xorg#Composite]]<br />
* Desktop wallpaper setter and desktop icon: [[List of applications#Wallpaper setters]] and [[Openbox#Icon programs]]<br />
* Display manager: [[Display manager#List of display managers]]<br />
* Display power saving settings: [[Display Power Management Signaling]]<br />
* Logout dialogue: [[List of applications#Logout dialogue]]<br />
* Mount tool: [[List of applications#Mount tools]]<br />
* Notification daemon: [[Desktop notifications]]<br />
* Polkit authentication agent: [[Polkit#Authentication agents]]<br />
* Screen locker: [[List of applications#Screen lockers]]<br />
* Sound volume manager: [[List of applications#Volume managers]]<br />
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=== Custom window manager ===<br />
<br />
In many desktop environments, it is possible to replace the supplied window manager. See below for instructions specific to your environment.<br />
<br />
;GNOME<br />
<br />
Alternative window managers cannot be used with GNOME Shell however [[GNOME Flashback]] provides sessions for Metacity and [[Compiz]]. Furthermore, it is possible to define your own [[GNOME/Tips and tricks#Custom GNOME sessions|custom GNOME sessions]] which use alternative components.<br />
<br />
;Cinnamon<br />
<br />
Alternative window managers cannot be used with [[Cinnamon]].<br />
<br />
;Other desktop environments<br />
<br />
* KDE - See [[KDE#Using an alternative window manager]].<br />
<br />
* MATE - See [[MATE#Use a different window manager with MATE]].<br />
<br />
* Xfce - See [[Xfce#Default window manager]].<br />
<br />
* LXDE - See [[LXDE#Replace Openbox]].<br />
<br />
* LXQt - See [[LXQt#Replace Openbox]].<br />
<br />
* Budgie - See [[Budgie Desktop#Replace Budgie WM]].</div>Vicr123https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=List_of_applications/Internet&diff=454391List of applications/Internet2016-10-19T11:09:04Z<p>Vicr123: /* Chromium spin-offs */ Add theWeb as a Chromium spin-off</p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
[[Category:Internet applications]]<br />
[[pt:List of applications/Internet]]<br />
[[cs:List of applications/Internet]]<br />
[[es:List of applications/Internet]]<br />
[[it:List of applications/Internet]]<br />
[[ja:アプリケーション一覧/インターネット]]<br />
[[ru:List of applications/Internet]]<br />
[[zh-cn:List of applications/Internet]]<br />
[[zh-tw:List of applications/Internet]]<br />
{{List of applications navigation}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
== Internet ==<br />
<br />
=== Network managers ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Connman]]|Daemon for managing internet connections within embedded devices running the Linux operating system. Comes with a command-line client, plus Enlightenment, ncurses, GTK and Dmenu clients are available.|https://01.org/connman|{{Pkg|connman}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[netctl]]|Simple and robust tool to manage network connections via profiles. Intended for use with [[systemd]].|https://projects.archlinux.org/netctl.git/|{{Pkg|netctl}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[NetworkManager]]|Manager that provides wired, wireless, mobile broadband and OpenVPN detection with configuration and automatic connection.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/NetworkManager|{{Pkg|networkmanager}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[systemd-networkd]]|Native [[systemd]] daemon that manages network configuration. It includes support for basic network configuration through [[udev]].|http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd-networkd.service.html|{{Pkg|systemd}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wicd]]|Wireless and wired connection manager with few dependencies. Comes with an ncurses interface, and a GTK interface {{Pkg|wicd-gtk}} is available.|https://launchpad.net/wicd|{{Pkg|wicd}}}}<br />
<br />
=== VPN clients ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[OpenConnect]]|Supports Cisco and Juniper VPNs.|http://www.infradead.org/openconnect/|{{pkg|openconnect}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[PPTP Client]]|To connect to PPTP VPNs, like Microsoft VPNs (MPPE).|http://pptpclient.sourceforge.net/|{{pkg|pptpclient}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Web browsers ===<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of web browsers]].<br />
<br />
==== Console ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:ELinks|ELinks]]|Advanced and well-established feature-rich text mode web browser (Links fork, barely supported since 2009).|http://elinks.or.cz/|{{Pkg|elinks}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Links (web browser)|Links]]|Text WWW browser. Includes a console version [links] similar to Lynx, and a graphical X-window/framebuffer version [xlinks -g] (must be compiled in, Arch has both) with CSS, image rendering, pull-down menus.|http://links.twibright.com/|{{Pkg|links}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Lynx (web browser)|Lynx]]|Text browser for the World Wide Web.|http://lynx.isc.org|{{Pkg|lynx}}}}<br />
* {{App|retawq|Interactive, multi-threaded network client (web browser) for text terminals.|http://retawq.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|retawq}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:W3m|w3m]]|Pager/text-based web browser. It has vim-like keybindings, and is able to display images.|http://w3m.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|w3m}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Graphical ====<br />
<br />
===== Gecko-based =====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Gecko (software)]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Conkeror|Conkeror]]|Keyboard-based browser modeled after [[Emacs]] using [[Wikipedia:XULRunner|XULRunner]]. Customizable via JavaScript.|http://conkeror.org/|{{AUR|conkeror}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Firefox]]|Extensible browser from Mozilla based on Gecko with fast rendering.|https://mozilla.com/firefox|{{Pkg|firefox}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:GNU IceCat|GNU IceCat]]|A customized build of Firefox ESR distributed by the GNU Project, stripped of non-free components and with additional privacy extensions. Release cycle may be delayed compared to Mozilla Firefox.|https://www.gnu.org/software/gnuzilla/|{{AUR|icecat}} or {{AUR|icecat-bin}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:SeaMonkey|SeaMonkey]]|Continuation of the Mozilla Internet Suite.|http://www.seamonkey-project.org/|{{Pkg|seamonkey}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Blink-based =====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Blink (layout engine)]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Chromium]]|Web browser developed by Google, the open source project behind Google Chrome.|https://www.chromium.org/|{{Pkg|chromium}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Chromium spin-offs ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Google Chrome]]|Proprietary web browser developed by Google.|https://www.google.com/chrome/|{{AUR|google-chrome}}}}<br />
* {{App|Inox|A privacy-focused patchset for Chromium, which disables Google services, proprietary features, prevents "calling home" and unhides all extensions.|https://github.com/gcarq/inox-patchset|{{AUR|inox}} or {{AUR|inox-bin}}}}<br />
* {{App|Iridium|A privacy-focused [https://git.iridiumbrowser.de/cgit.cgi/iridium-browser/tree/?h&#61;patchview patchset] for Chromium. See [https://github.com/iridium-browser/iridium-browser/wiki/Differences-between-Iridium-and-Chromium differences from Chromium].|https://iridiumbrowser.de/|{{AUR|iridium}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Opera]]|Highly customizable proprietary browser with focuses on an adherence to web rendering standards.|https://opera.com|{{Pkg|opera}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:SlimBrowser|Slimjet]]|Fast, smart and powerful proprietary browser based on Chromium.|http://www.slimjet.com/|{{AUR|slimjet}}}}<br />
* {{App|theWeb|A web browser based on Qt using the Chromium Embedded Framework, with Linux integration (such as MPRIS) in mind.|https://github.com/vicr123/theweb|{{AUR|theweb}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Vivaldi]]|An advanced proprietary browser made with the power user in mind.|https://vivaldi.com/|{{AUR|vivaldi}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Yandex Browser|Yandex Browser]]|Proprietary browser that combines a minimal design with sophisticated technology to make the web faster, safer, and easier.|https://browser.yandex.com/|{{AUR|yandex-browser-beta}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Browsers based on electron ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Brave (web browser)|Brave]]|Web browser that blocks ads and trackers by default. Based on the [http://electron.atom.io/ Electron] platform.|https://www.brave.com/|{{AUR|brave}}}}<br />
* {{App|Min|A smarter, faster web browser based on the [http://electron.atom.io/ Electron] platform.|https://minbrowser.github.io/min/|{{AUR|min}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Browsers based on qt5-webengine ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|Liri|A minimalistic material design web browser written for Papyros.|http://liriproject.me/browser|{{AUR|liri-browser}}}}<br />
* {{App|Qt WebBrowser|Browser for embedded devices developed using the capabilities of Qt and Qt WebEngine.|http://doc.qt.io/QtWebBrowser/|{{AUR|qtwebbrowser}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:QupZilla|QupZilla]]|New and very fast open source browser based on QtWebEngine, written in Qt framework.| http://www.qupzilla.com |{{pkg|qupzilla}}}}<br />
<br />
===== WebKit-based =====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:WebKit]].<br />
<br />
====== Browsers based on webkit2gtk ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[GNOME Web]]|Browser which uses the WebKitGTK+ rendering engine, part of {{Grp|gnome}}.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Web/|{{Pkg|epiphany}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Lariza]]|A simple, experimental web browser using GTK+ 3, GLib and WebKit2GTK+.|https://www.uninformativ.de/projects/lariza/|{{AUR|lariza}}}}<br />
* {{App|Rainbow Lollipop|The visual history browser. In early state of development.|http://rainbow-lollipop.de/|{{AUR|rainbow-lollipop-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Surf]] 2|A simple web browser based on WebKit2GTK+. Experimental branch.|http://surf.suckless.org|{{aur|surf-webkit2gtk-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Webby|Allows to use web apps as regular desktop apps, integrated with the OS, without tabs and using the default system launcher. In early state of development.|https://launchpad.net/webby-browser|{{aur|webby-browser-bzr}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Browsers based on webkitgtk/webkitgtk2 ======<br />
<br />
{{Warning|The following browsers are based on one of four WebKit ports that are today considered insecure and outdated. GTK+ browsers should be switching to webkit2gtk. More info [https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2016/02/01/on-webkit-security-updates/ here].}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[dwb]]|Lightweight, highly customizable web browser based on the WebKit engine with ''vi''-like shortcuts and tiling layouts. As of October 2014 ''dwb'' is [https://bitbucket.org/portix/dwb/pull-request/22/several-cleanups-to-increase-portability/diff#comment-3217936 unmaintained].|http://portix.bitbucket.org/dwb/|{{Pkg|dwb}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Jumanji]]|Highly customizable and functional web browser.|http://pwmt.org/projects/jumanji|{{AUR|jumanji-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Luakit]]|Highly configurable, micro-browser framework based on the WebKit engine and the GTK+ toolkit. It is very fast, extensible by Lua and licensed under the GNU GPLv3 license.|http://mason-larobina.github.com/luakit/|{{Pkg|luakit}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Midori]]|Lightweight web browser based on GTK+ and WebKit.|http://midori-browser.org/|GTK+ 3: {{Pkg|midori}}, GTK+ 2: {{Pkg|midori-gtk2}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Surf]]|Lightweight WebKit-based browser, which follows the [http://suckless.org/philosophy suckless ideology] (basically, the browser itself is a single C source file).|http://surf.suckless.org|{{Pkg|surf}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[UZBL-Browser|Uzbl]]|Group of web interface tools which adhere to the Unix philosophy.|http://uzbl.org/|{{Pkg|uzbl-browser}}}}<br />
* {{App|vimb|Fast and lightweight vim like web browser based on the webkit web browser engine and the GTK toolkit.|https://fanglingsu.github.io/vimb/|{{AUR|vimb}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Vimprobable]]|Browser that behaves like the Vimperator plugin available for Mozilla Firefox. It is based on the WebKit engine and uses the GTK+ bindings.|http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/vimprobable/|{{AUR|vimprobable-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Xombrero|Xombrero]] |Webkit minimalist web browser (formerly known as ''xxxterm'') with sophisticated security features designed-in, BSD style.|https://opensource.conformal.com/wiki/xombrero|{{AUR|xombrero-git}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Browsers based on qt5-webkit/qtwebkit ======<br />
<br />
{{Warning|The following browsers are based on one of four WebKit ports that are today considered insecure and outdated. Qt browsers should be switching to qt5-webengine (Blink). More info [https://blogs.gnome.org/mcatanzaro/2016/02/01/on-webkit-security-updates/ here].}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Arora (web browser)|Arora]]|Cross-platform web browser built using QtWebKit. Development stopped in January 2012.|https://github.com/arora/arora|{{AUR|arora-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Dooble|Dooble]]|A safe WebKit Web browser.|http://dooble.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|dooble}}}}<br />
* {{App|Otter-browser|Browser aiming to recreate classic Opera (12.x) UI using Qt5.|http://otter-browser.org/|{{AUR|otter-browser}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[qutebrowser]]|A keyboard-driven, [[vim]]-like browser based on PyQt5 and QtWebKit.|https://github.com/The-Compiler/qutebrowser|{{Pkg|qutebrowser}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Rekonq|Rekonq]]|WebKit-based web browser for KDE.|http://rekonq.kde.org/|{{Pkg|rekonq}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Other =====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Dillo|Dillo]]|Small, fast graphical web browser built on [[Wikipedia:Fltk|FLTK]]. Uses its own layout engine.|http://dillo.org/|{{Pkg|dillo}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Konqueror|Konqueror]]|Web browser based on Qt toolkit and KHTML layout engine, part of {{Grp|kdebase}}.|http://konqueror.org/|{{Pkg|kdebase-konqueror}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:NetSurf|NetSurf]]|Featherweight browser written in C, notable for its slowly developing JavaScript support and fast rendering through its own layout engine.|http://netsurf-browser.org|{{Pkg|netsurf}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Pale Moon (web browser)|Pale Moon]]|A Firefox fork focussing on speed, with a pre-Firefox 29 interface. Uses [[Wikipedia:Goanna (software)|Goanna]] layout engine, a fork of Gecko. Firefox add-ons may not be compatible. [https://addons.palemoon.org/firefox/incompatible/] Compiled for SSE2, with disabled optional code and no support for newer Firefox features such as cache2, e10s, and OTMC.|http://www.palemoon.org/|{{AUR|palemoon}}}}<br />
<br />
=== File sharing ===<br />
<br />
==== Download managers ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Wget#GWget|Gwget]]|Download manager for GNOME.|https://projects.gnome.org/gwget/|{{Pkg|gwget}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:KGet|KGet]]|Download manager for KDE that supports HTTP(S), FTP and BitTorrent. Part of {{Grp|kdenetwork}}.|http://www.kde.org/applications/internet/kget/|{{Pkg|kdenetwork-kget}}}}<br />
* {{App|uGet|GTK+ download manager featuring download classification and HTML import.|http://ugetdm.com/|{{Pkg|uget}}}}<br />
<br />
==== FTP ====<br />
<br />
===== FTP clients =====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of FTP client software]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[CurlFtpFS]]|Filesystem for accessing FTP hosts; based on FUSE and libcurl.|http://curlftpfs.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|curlftpfs}}}}<br />
* {{App|FatRat|Download manager with support for HTTP, FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent, RapidShare and more.|http://fatrat.dolezel.info/|{{AUR|fatrat-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:FileZilla|FileZilla]]|Fast and reliable FTP, FTPS and SFTP client.|http://filezilla-project.org/|{{Pkg|filezilla}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:gFTP|gFTP]]|Multithreaded FTP client for Linux.|http://gftp.seul.org/|{{Pkg|gftp}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Lftp|LFTP]]|Sophisticated command-line FTP client.|http://lftp.yar.ru/|{{Pkg|lftp}}}}<br />
* {{App|LftpFS|Read-only filesystem based on lftp (also supports HTTP, FISH, SFTP, HTTPS, FTPS and proxies).|http://lftpfs.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|lftpfs}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|lftpfs}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|ncftp|A set of free application programs implementing FTP.|http://www.ncftp.com/|{{Pkg|ncftp}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:tnftp|tnftp]]|FTP client with several advanced features for [[Wikipedia:NetBSD|NetBSD]].|http://freecode.com/projects/tnftp|{{Pkg|tnftp}}}}<br />
Some file managers like Dolphin, [[GNOME Files]] and [[Thunar]] also provide FTP functionality.<br />
<br />
===== FTP servers =====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[bftpd]]|Small, easy-to-configure FTP server|http://bftpd.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|bftpd}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Proftpd|proFTPd]]|A secure and configurable FTP server|http://www.proftpd.org/|{{AUR|proftpd}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Pure-FTPd]]|Free (BSD-licensed), secure, production-quality and standard-compliant FTP server.|http://www.pureftpd.org/project/pure-ftpd|{{AUR|pure-ftpd}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[vsftpd]]|Lightweight, stable and secure FTP server for UNIX-like systems.|https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd.html|{{Pkg|vsftpd}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Distributed file systems ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Ceph]]|Distributed object store and file system designed to provide excellent performance, reliability and scalability.|https://ceph.com/|{{Pkg|ceph}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|GlusterFS|Cluster file system capable of scaling to several peta-bytes.|http://www.gluster.org/|{{Pkg|glusterfs}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|Sheepdog|Distributed object storage system for volume and container services and manages the disks and nodes intelligently.|https://sheepdog.github.io/sheepdog/}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Tahoe-LAFS|Tahoe-LAFS]]|Tahoe Least-Authority Filesystem is a free and open, secure, decentralized, fault-tolerant, peer-to-peer distributed data store and distributed file system.<br />
|https://tahoe-lafs.org/|{{AUR|tahoe-lafs}}}}<br />
<br />
==== BitTorrent clients ====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of BitTorrent clients]].<br />
<br />
===== Console =====<br />
<br />
====== Command line / backend ======<br />
Can be used as-is via command line, but all have a choice of front-end options as well.<br />
* {{App|[[aria2]]|Lightweight download utility that supports simultaneous adaptive downloading via HTTP(S), FTP, BitTorrent (DHT, PEX, MSE/PE) protocols and Metalink. It can run as a daemon controlled via a built-in JSON-RPC or XML-RPC interface.|http://aria2.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|aria2}}}}<br />
* {{App|Ctorrent|CTorrent is a BitTorrent client implemented in C++ to be lightweight and quick.|http://www.rahul.net/dholmes/ctorrent/|{{AUR|enhanced-ctorrent}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:MLDonkey|MLDonkey]]|Multi-protocol P2P client that supports BitTorrent, HTTP, FTP, eDonkey and Direct Connect.|http://mldonkey.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|mldonkey}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Transmission]]|Simple and easy-to-use BitTorrent client with a daemon version, GTK+, Qt GUI, web and CLI front-ends.|http://transmissionbt.com/|{{Pkg|transmission-cli}} (includes backend, daemon, command-line interface, and a Web UI interface)}}<br />
<br />
====== Console Interface ======<br />
* {{App|[[rTorrent]]|Simple and lightweight ncurses BitTorrent client. Requires {{Pkg|libtorrent}} backend.|https://rakshasa.github.io/rtorrent/|{{Pkg|rtorrent}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Transmission]]|Simple and easy-to-use BitTorrent client with a daemon version, ncurses CLI. Requires {{Pkg|transmission-cli}} backend.|http://transmissionbt.com/|{{Pkg|transmission-remote-cli}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Graphical Interface =====<br />
<br />
====== libtorrent-rasterbar backend ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Deluge]]|User-friendly BitTorrent client written in PyGTK that can run as a daemon.|http://deluge-torrent.org/|{{Pkg|deluge}}}}<br />
* {{App|FatRat|Qt4 based download manager with support for HTTP, FTP, SFTP, BitTorrent, rapidshare and more. Written in C++.|http://fatrat.dolezel.info/|{{AUR|fatrat-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:qBittorrent|qBittorrent]]|Open source (GPLv2) BitTorrent client that strongly resembles µtorrent.|http://www.qbittorrent.org/|{{Pkg|qbittorrent}} {{Pkg|qbittorrent-nox}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Tribler|Tribler]]|4th generation file sharing system bittorrent client.|http://www.tribler.org|{{AUR|tribler}}}}<br />
<br />
====== libktorrent backend ======<br />
* {{App|[[Ktorrent]]|Feature-rich BitTorrent client for KDE.|http://ktorrent.org/|{{Pkg|ktorrent}}}}<br />
<br />
====== others ======<br />
* {{App|Tixati|P2P client that uses the BitTorrent protocol.|http://www.tixati.com|{{AUR|tixati}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Transmission]]|Simple and easy-to-use BitTorrent client with daemon version, GTK+, Qt GUI, web and CLI front-ends.|http://transmissionbt.com/|{{Pkg|transmission-gtk}} {{Pkg|transmission-qt}} {{AUR|transmission-remote-gtk}} (remote clients work with the daemon in the -cli package)}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Vuze|Vuze]]|Feature-rich BitTorrent client written in Java (formerly Azureus).|https://www.vuze.com/|{{AUR|vuze}}}}<br />
* {{App|Vuze Plus Extreme Mod|A modded version of the Vuze BitTorrent client with multiple spoofing capabilities.|http://www.sb-innovation.de/f41/vuze-extreme-mod-sb-innovation-5-6-1-3-a-32315/|{{AUR|vuze-extreme-mod}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Other P2P networks ====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of eDonkey software]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[aMule]]|Well-known eDonkey/Kad client with a daemon version and GTK+, web, and CLI front-ends.|http://www.amule.org/|{{Pkg|amule}}}}<br />
* {{App|KaMule|KDE graphical front-end for aMule.|http://kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content&#61;150270|{{AUR|kamule}}}}<br />
* {{App|MlDonkey|A multi-network P2P client.|http://mldonkey.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|mldonkey}}}}<br />
* {{App|Sendanywhere| GTK2 client for the cross platform P2P file sharing service, Sendanywhere. Allow users to send files of any type and size to other Android, iOS, and Desktop devices.|https://www.send-anywhere.com|{{AUR|sendanywhere}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Sharelin|Sharelin]]|Gnutella2 only client with a web UI.|https://sourceforge.net/projects/sharelin/|{{AUR|sharelin}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|sharelin}}}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Video downloaders ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|youtube-dl|Download videos from YouTube and many other platforms.|http://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl|{{Pkg|youtube-dl}}}}<br />
* {{App|You-Get|Dumb downloader that scrapes the web.|https://you-get.org/|{{Pkg|you-get}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Communication ===<br />
<br />
==== Email clients ====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of e-mail clients]].<br />
<br />
===== Console =====<br />
<br />
* {{App|alot|An experimental terminal MUA based on [http://notmuchmail.org/ notmuch mail]. It is written in python using the [http://urwid.org/ urwid] toolkit.|https://github.com/pazz/alot|{{AUR|alot}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Alpine]]|Fast, easy-to-use and Apache-licensed email client based on [[Wikipedia:Pine (email client)|Pine]].|http://patches.freeiz.com/alpine/|{{AUR|alpine}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Gnus|Gnus]]|Email, NNTP and RSS client for Emacs.|http://gnus.org/|{{AUR|emacs-gnus-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[S-nail]]|a mail processing system with a command syntax reminiscent of ''ed'' with lines replaced by messages. Provides the functionality of [[Wikipedia:mailx|mailx]].|https://www.sdaoden.eu/code.html#s-mailx|{{Pkg|s-nail}}}}<br />
* {{App|mu/mu4e|Email indexer (mu) and client for emacs (mu4e). Xapian based for fast searches.|http://www.djcbsoftware.nl/code/mu/mu4e.html|{{AUR|mu}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Mutt]]|Small but very powerful text-based mail client.|http://www.mutt.org/|{{Pkg|mutt}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[nmh]]|A modular mail handling system.|http://www.nongnu.org/nmh/|{{AUR|nmh}} {{AUR|nmh-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[notmuch]]|A fast mail indexer built on top of ''xapian''.|http://notmuchmail.org/|{{Pkg|notmuch}} {{Pkg|notmuch-vim}} {{Pkg|notmuch-mutt}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Sup]]|CLI mail client with very fast searching, tagging, threading and GMail like operation.|https://sup-heliotrope.github.io/|{{AUR|sup}}}}<br />
* {{App|Wanderlust|Email client and news reader for Emacs.|http://www.gohome.org/wl/|{{Pkg|wanderlust}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Graphical =====<br />
<br />
* {{App|Balsa|Simple and light email client that is part of the Gnome project.|http://pawsa.fedorapeople.org/balsa/|{{Pkg|balsa}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Claws Mail|Claws Mail]]|Lightweight GTK-based email client and news reader.|http://claws-mail.org/|{{Pkg|claws-mail}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Evolution]]|Mature and feature-rich e-mail client used in GNOME by default. Part of {{Grp|gnome-extra}}.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Evolution|{{Pkg|evolution}}}}<br />
* {{App|FossaMail|FossaMail is a Mozilla Thunderbird-based mail, news and chat client by the Pale Moon developers.|http://www.fossamail.org|{{AUR|fossamail-bin}}}}<br />
* {{App|Geary|Simple desktop mail client built in [[Wikipedia:Vala (programming language)|Vala]].|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Geary|{{Pkg|geary}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Kmail|Kmail]]|Mature and feature-rich email client. Part of {{Grp|kdepim}}.|http://kde.org/applications/internet/kmail/|{{Pkg|kmail}}}}<br />
* {{App|Manitou Mail|Database-driven email system.|http://www.manitou-mail.org/|{{AUR|manitou-mdx}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|manitou-mdx}}}} {{AUR|manitou-ui}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|manitou-ui}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|N1|A new mail client, built on the modern web and designed to be extended.|https://www.nylas.com/N1/|{{AUR|n1}}}}<br />
* {{App|Roundcubemail|Browser-based multilingual IMAP client with a native application-like user interface.|http://roundcube.net/|{{Pkg|roundcubemail}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:SeaMonkey#Mail|SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups]]|Email client included in the SeaMonkey suite.|http://www.seamonkey-project.org/|{{Pkg|seamonkey}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Sylpheed|Sylpheed]]|Lightweight and user-friendly GTK+ email client.|http://sylpheed.sraoss.jp/en/|{{Pkg|sylpheed}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Thunderbird]]|Feature-rich email client from Mozilla written in GTK+.|http://www.mozilla.org/thunderbird/|{{Pkg|thunderbird}}}}<br />
* {{App|Trojitá|Qt IMAP email client. Only supports one IMAP account.|http://trojita.flaska.net/|{{Pkg|trojita}}}}<br />
* {{App|WMail|The missing desktop client for Gmail & Google Inbox |http://thomas101.github.io/wmail/|{{AUR|wmail-bin}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Instant messaging ====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of instant messaging protocols]].<br />
<br />
This section lists all software with [[Wikipedia:Instant messaging|instant messaging]] support. Particularly, that are client and server applications.<br />
<br />
===== IRC clients =====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients]].<br />
<br />
{{Note|Most web browsers and many IM clients also support IRC.}}<br />
<br />
====== Console ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:BitchX|BitchX]]|Console-based IRC client developed from the popular [[Wikipedia:ircII|ircII]].|http://www.bitchx.org/|{{AUR|bitchx-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|ERC|Powerful, modular, and extensible IRC client for [[Emacs]].|http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/erc/|included with {{Pkg|emacs}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Ii (IRC client)|ii]]|Featherweight IRC client, literally {{ic|tail -f}} the conversation and {{ic|echo}} back your replies to a file.|http://tools.suckless.org/ii|{{AUR|ii}}}}<br />
* {{App|Ircfs|File system interface to IRC written in [http://limbo.cat-v.org Limbo].|http://www.ueber.net/code/r/ircfs|{{AUR?|ircfs}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Irssi]]|Highly-configurable ncurses-based IRC client.|http://irssi.org/|{{Pkg|irssi}}}}<br />
* {{App|ScrollZ|Advanced IRC client based on [[Wikipedia:ircII|ircII]].|http://www.scrollz.info/|{{AUR|scrollz}}}}<br />
* {{App|sic|Extremely simple IRC client, similar to [[Wikipedia:Ii (IRC client)|ii]].|http://tools.suckless.org/sic|{{AUR|sic}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:WeeChat|WeeChat]]|Modular, lightweight ncurses-based IRC client.|http://weechat.org/|{{Pkg|weechat}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Graphical ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:ChatZilla|ChatZilla]]|Clean, easy to use and highly extensible Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client, built on the Mozilla platform using [[Wikipedia:XULRunner|XULRunner]].|http://chatzilla.hacksrus.com/|{{AUR|chatzilla}}}}<br />
* {{App|HexChat|Fork of XChat for Linux and Windows.|http://hexchat.github.io/|{{Pkg|hexchat}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Konversation|Konversation]]|Qt-based IRC client for the KDE desktop.|http://konversation.kde.org/|{{Pkg|konversation}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:KVIrc|KVIrc]]|Qt-based IRC client featuring extensive themes support.|http://kvirc.net/|{{Pkg|kvirc}}}}<br />
* {{App|Loqui|GTK+ IRC client with only one dependency: [https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GNetLibrary GNet].|https://launchpad.net/loqui|{{AUR|loqui}}}}<br />
* {{App|LostIRC|Simple GTK+ IRC client with tab-autocompletion, multiple server support, logging and others.|http://lostirc.sourceforge.net|{{AUR|lostirc}}}}<br />
* {{App|pcw|Frontend for [http://tools.suckless.org/ii ii] that opens a new terminal for each channel.|https://bitbucket.org/emg/pcw|{{AUR|pcw-hg}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|pcw-hg}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Polari|Simple IRC client by the GNOME project.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Polari/|{{Pkg|polari}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Quassel]]|Modern, cross-platform, distributed IRC client.|http://quassel-irc.org/|{{Pkg|quassel-core}} {{Pkg|quassel-client}}}} {{Pkg|quassel-monolithic}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Smuxi|Smuxi]]|Cross-platform IRC client for the GNOME desktop inspired by [[Irssi]].|http://smuxi.org/|{{Pkg|smuxi}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:XChat|XChat]]|GTK-based IRC client that works on both Linux and Windows.|http://xchat.org/|{{Pkg|xchat}}}}<br />
<br />
===== XMPP (Jabber) =====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:XMPP]] and [[Wikipedia:Comparison of instant messaging clients#XMPP-related features]].<br />
<br />
====== Command line ======<br />
* {{App|jp|CLI frontend for Salut à Toi, multi-purpose XMPP client|https://salut-a-toi.org|{{AUR|sat-jp}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Console clients ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|Freetalk|Console-based Jabber client.|https://gnu.org/s/freetalk/|{{Pkg|freetalk}}}}<br />
* {{App|jabber.el|Minimal Jabber client for [[Emacs]].|http://emacs-jabber.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|emacs-jabber}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:MCabber|MCabber]]|Small Jabber console client, includes features: SSL, PGP, MUC, OTR, and UTF8.|http://mcabber.com/|{{Pkg|mcabber}}}}<br />
* {{App|Poezio|XMPP client with IRC feeling|https://poez.io/|{{AUR|poezio}}}}<br />
* {{App|Primitivus|Console frontend for Salut à Toi, multi-purpose XMPP client|https://salut-a-toi.org|{{AUR|sat-primitivus}}}}<br />
* {{App|Profanity|A console based Jabber client inspired by Irssi.|http://www.profanity.im/|{{Pkg|profanity}}}}<br />
* {{App|xmpp-client|A minimalist XMPP client with OTR support.|https://github.com/agl/xmpp-client|{{AUR|go-xmpp-client}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Graphical clients ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Gajim|Gajim]]|Jabber client written in PyGTK.|https://gajim.org/|{{Pkg|gajim}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Psi (instant messaging client)|Psi]]|Qt-based Jabber client which supports video conferencing.|http://psi-im.org/|{{Pkg|psi}} {{Pkg|psimedia}}}}<br />
* {{App|Psi+|Enhanced version of the Psi Jabber client with many new [http://psi-plus.com/wiki/en:features#differences_between_psi_beta_version_and_the_official_psi_015-dev_version features].|http://psi-plus.com/|{{AUR|psi-plus-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Tkabber|Tkabber]]|Easy to hack feature-rich XMPP client by the author of the ejabberd XMPP server.|http://tkabber.jabber.ru/|{{Pkg|tkabber}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Servers ======<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of XMPP server software]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Prosody]]|An XMPP server written in the [http://www.lua.org/ Lua] programming language. Prosody is designed to be lightweight and highly extensible. It is licensed under a permissive [http://prosody.im/source/mit MIT license].|http://prosody.im/|{{Pkg|prosody}}}}<br />
* {{App|Ejabberd|Jabber server written in Erlang|http://www.ejabberd.im/|{{Pkg|ejabberd}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Jabberd2]]|An XMPP server written in the C language and licensed under the GNU General Public License. It was inspired by jabberd14.|http://jabberd2.org|{{AUR|jabberd2}}}}<br />
* {{App|Openfire|An XMPP IM multiplatform server written in Java|http://www.igniterealtime.org/projects/openfire/|{{Pkg|openfire}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Multi-protocol clients =====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of instant messaging clients]].<br />
<br />
{{Note|All messengers, that support several networks by means of direct connections to them, belong to this section.}}<br />
<br />
Many clients listed here (including Pidgin and all its forks) support multiple IM networks via [[Wikipedia:libpurple|libpurple]]. The number of networks supported by these clients is very large but they (like any multiprotocol clients) usually have very limited or no support for network-specific features.<br />
<br />
====== Console ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|BarnOwl|Ncurses-based chat client with support for the Zephyr, AIM, Jabber, IRC, and Twitter protocols.|http://barnowl.mit.edu/|{{AUR|barnowl}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Bitlbee]]|IRC client that provides a gateway to popular chat networks (XMPP, MSN, Yahoo, AIM, ICQ and Twitter).|http://bitlbee.org/|{{Pkg|bitlbee}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Centericq|CenterIM]]|Fork of CenterICQ, a text mode menu- and window-driven IM interface.|http://centerim.org/|{{Pkg|centerim}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Pidgin|Finch]]|Ncurses-based chat client that uses libpurple and supports all its protocols.|http://developer.pidgin.im/wiki/Using%20Finch|{{Pkg|finch}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:naim (software)|naim]]|Ncurses chat client with support for AOL, ICQ, IRC and the Lily CMC.|http://naim.n.ml.org/|{{Pkg|naim}}}}<br />
* {{App|pork|Programmable, ncurses-based AIM and IRC client that mostly looks and feels like ircII.|http://dev.ojnk.net/|{{Pkg|pork}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Tox]]|Tox is a distributed, secure messenger with audio and video chat capabilities.|https://tox.chat/|see [[Tox]]}}<br />
<br />
====== Graphical ======<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Empathy (software)|Empathy]]|GNOME instant messaging client using the [[Wikipedia:Telepathy (software)|Telepathy]] framework.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Empathy|{{Pkg|empathy}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Instantbird|Instantbird]]|Multi-protocol chat client using Mozilla's XUL and libpurple.|http://instantbird.com/|{{AUR|instantbird}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Kopete|Kopete]]|User-friendly IM supporting AIM, ICQ, Windows Live Messenger, Yahoo, Jabber, Gadu-Gadu, Novell GroupWise Messenger, and other IM networks. Part of {{Grp|kdenetwork}}.|http://kopete.kde.org/|{{Pkg|kdenetwork-kopete}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[KDE#KDE Telepathy|KDE Telepathy]]|KDE instant messaging client using the [[Wikipedia:Telepathy (software)|Telepathy]] framework. Meant as a replacement for Kopete.|http://community.kde.org/Real-Time_Communication_and_Collaboration/|{{Pkg|telepathy-kde-meta}}}}<br />
* {{App|Licq|Instant messaging client for UNIX supporting multiple protocols (currently ICQ, MSN and Jabber).|http://www.licq.org|{{Pkg|licq}}}}<br />
* {{App|Mikutter|An open-source Twitter client using [[GTK+]] and Ruby.|http://mikutter.hachune.net/|{{AUR|mikutter}} {{AUR|mikutter-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Pidgin]]|Multi-protocol instant messaging client.|http://pidgin.im/|{{Pkg|pidgin}} {{AUR|pidgin-light}}}}<br />
* {{App|qutIM|Simple and user-friendly IM supporting ICQ, Jabber, Mail.Ru, IRC and VKontakte messaging.|http://qutim.org/|{{AUR|qutim}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Lan messengers =====<br />
<br />
See also: [[Wikipedia:Comparison_of_LAN_messengers|Comparison of LAN messengers]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|iptux|Lan communication software, compatible with IP Messenger.|https://github.com/iptux-src/iptux|{{AUR|iptux}}}}<br />
<br />
==== VoIP / Softphone ====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of VoIP software]] and [[Wikipedia:List of SIP software]].<br />
<br />
===== Clients =====<br />
<br />
{{Note| Some [[#Instant messaging|IM clients]] also offer voice and video communication}}<br />
<br />
====== SIP ======<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Blink (software)|Blink]]|State of the art, easy to use SIP client.|http://www.icanblink.com/|{{AUR|blink-darcs}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Ekiga|Ekiga]]|VoIP and video conferencing application with full SIP and H.323 support (formerly known as GNOME Meeting).|http://www.ekiga.org/|{{Pkg|ekiga}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Empathy (software)|Empathy]]|GNOME instant messenger client using the Telepathy framework with SIP support (using the Sofia-SIP library).|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Empathy|{{Pkg|empathy}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Jitsi|Jitsi]]|Audio/video SIP VoIP phone and instant messenger written in Java (formerly SIP-Communicator).|https://jitsi.org/|{{AUR|jitsi}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:KPhone|KPhone]]|Qt SIP User Agent with voice, video and text messaging support.|http://sourceforge.net/projects/kphone/|{{AUR?|kphone}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Linphone|Linphone]]|VoIP phone application that allows you to to communicate freely with people over the internet, with voice, video, and text instant messaging.|http://www.linphone.org/|{{Pkg|linphone}}}}<br />
* {{App|Minisip|SIP User Agent with focus on security (supports TLS, end-to-end security, SRTP, MIKEY (DH, PSK, PKE)).|http://www.minisip.org/|{{AUR?|minisip}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Twinkle (software)|Twinkle]]|Qt softphone for VoIP and IM communication using SIP.|http://www.twinklephone.com/|{{AUR|twinkle}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:X-Lite|X-Lite]]|Proprietary freeware VoIP soft phone that uses SIP.|http://www.counterpath.net/x-lite|{{AUR|xlite_bin}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Zfone|Zfone]]|Softphone application for secure voice communication over the Internet (VoIP), using the ZRTP protocol.|http://zfoneproject.com/|{{AUR|zfone}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|zfone}}}}}}<br />
<br />
====== IAX2 ======<br />
* {{App|Kiax|Qt-based IAX/2 Softphone.|http://www.forschung-direkt.eu/projects/kiax2/|{{AUR|kiax}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|kiax}}}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Skype ======<br />
* {{App|[[Skype]]|Popular but proprietary application for high-quality voice communication.|http://www.skype.com/|{{AUR|skype}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Other ======<br />
* {{App|Hangups|A third-party instant messaging client for Google Hangouts|https://github.com/tdryer/hangups|{{AUR|hangups-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Mumble (software)|Mumble]]|Voice chat application similar to TeamSpeak.|http://mumble.sourceforge.net/|{{pkg|mumble}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[TeamSpeak]]|Proprietary VoIP application with gamers as its target audience.|http://www.teamspeak.com/|{{Pkg|teamspeak3}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Discord (software)|Discord]]|All-in-one voice and text chat for gamers that’s free, secure, and works on both your desktop and phone.|https://discordapp.com/|{{AUR|discord-canary}}}}<br />
<br />
====== Multi-protocol ======<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Ring_(software)|Ring]] |Open-source SIP/IAX2 compatible softphone with PulseAudio support (formerly known as SFLphone).|http://ring.cx/|{{AUR|ring-daemon}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Utilities =====<br />
<br />
* {{App|Gladstone|Educational ITU-T G.729 compliant codec with a GStreamer plugin.|https://github.com/drizzt/gladstone|{{AUR|gladstone-drizztbsd-git}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|gladstone-drizztbsd-git}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|SIPp|Open source test tool and traffic generator for the SIP protocol.|http://sipp.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|sipp}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Speech recognition ====<br />
<br />
See [[Speech recognition#List of speech recognition applications]].<br />
<br />
=== News, RSS, and blogs ===<br />
<br />
==== News aggregators ====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of feed aggregators]].<br />
<br />
===== Console =====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Canto (news aggregator)|Canto]]|Ncurses RSS aggregator.|http://codezen.org/canto/|{{AUR|canto-next-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Gnus|Gnus]]|Email, NNTP and RSS client for Emacs.|http://gnus.org/|{{AUR|emacs-gnus-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Newsbeuter|Ncurses RSS aggregator with layout and keybinding similar to the [[Mutt]] email client.|http://newsbeuter.org|{{Pkg|newsbeuter}}}}<br />
* {{App|Rawdog|"RSS Aggregator Without Delusions Of Grandeur" that parses RSS/CDF/Atom feeds into a static HTML page of articles in chronological order.|http://offog.org/code/rawdog.html|{{Pkg|rawdog}}}}<br />
* {{App|Snownews|Text mode RSS news reader.|http://kiza.kcore.de/software/snownews/|{{Pkg|snownews}}}}<br />
<br />
===== Graphical =====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Kontact#News Feed Aggregator|Akregator]]|News aggregator for KDE, part of {{Grp|kdepim}}.|http://kde.org/applications/internet/akregator/|{{Pkg|akregator}}}}<br />
* {{App|Blam|Simple newsreader for GNOME written in C Sharp.|https://git.gnome.org/browse/blam|{{Pkg|blam}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Evolution]] RSS|Plugin for Evolution Mail that enables reading of RSS/RDF/ATOM feeds.|http://gnome.eu.org/index.php/Evolution_RSS_Reader_Plugin|{{AUR|evolution-rss}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Liferea|Liferea]]|GTK+ news aggregator for online news feeds and weblogs.|http://liferea.sourceforge.net|{{Pkg|liferea}}}}<br />
* {{App|RSS Guard|Very tiny RSS and ATOM news reader developed using Qt framework.|https://github.com/martinrotter/rssguard|{{AUR|rssguard}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:RSSOwl|RSSOwl]]|Powerful aggregator for RSS and Atom feeds, written in Java using Eclipse Rich Client Platform and SWT as a widget toolkit.|http://boreal.rssowl.org|{{AUR|rssowl}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:SeaMonkey#Mail|SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups]]|Email client included in the SeaMonkey suite which also functions as a pretty nice news aggregator.|http://www.seamonkey-project.org/|{{Pkg|seamonkey}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Thunderbird]]|Email client from Mozilla which also functions as a pretty nice news aggregator.|http://www.mozilla.org/thunderbird/|{{Pkg|thunderbird}}}}<br />
* {{App|Tickr (formerly News)|GTK-based RSS Reader that displays feeds as a smooth scrolling line on your Desktop, as known from TV stations.|http://newsrssticker.com/|{{AUR|tickr}}}}<br />
* {{App|Urssus|Cross platform GUI news aggregator.|https://code.google.com/archive/p/urssus/|{{AUR|urssus}}}}<br />
* {{App|QuiteRSS|RSS/Atom feed reader written on Qt/С++.|http://quiterss.org/|{{AUR|quiterss}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Podcast clients ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|gPodder|A podcast client and feed aggregator (GTK+ and CLI interface).|http://gpodder.org/|{{AUR|gpodder3}}}}<br />
* {{App|Greg|A command-line podcast aggregator.|https://github.com/manolomartinez/greg|{{AUR|greg-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Marrie|A simple podcast client that runs on the Command Line Interface.|https://github.com/rafaelmartins/marrie/|{{AUR|marrie-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|PodCastXDL|A simple podcast Downloader for the terminal.|https://github.com/levi0x0/PodCastXDL|{{AUR|podcastxdl-git}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|podcastxdl-git}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Vocal|Simple Podcast Client for the Modern Desktop (GTK+).|https://launchpad.net/vocal|{{AUR|vocal-bzr}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|vocal-bzr}}}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Usenet newsreaders & newsgrabbers ====<br />
<br />
Some [[#Email_clients|email clients]] also support NNTP. This section mainly lists NNTP-only client.<br />
<br />
See also: [[Wikipedia:List of Usenet newsreaders]], [[Wikipedia:Comparison of Usenet newsreaders]].<br />
<br />
* {{app|lottanzb|A ''SABnzbd+'' (Usenet binary downloader) GUI front-end written in PyGTK|http://www.lottanzb.org/|{{aur|lottanzb}}}}<br />
* {{app|nn|Alternative more user-friendly(curses-based) Usenet newsreader for UNIX.|http://www.nndev.org/|{{aur|nn}}}}<br />
* {{app|[[NZBGet]]|CLI Utility to grab Usenet binary file using .nzb files.|http://nzbget.sourceforge.net/|{{pkg|nzbget}}}}<br />
* {{app|[[Wikipedia:Pan_(newsreader)|pan]]|A GTK2 Usenet newsreader that's good at both text and binaries.|http://pan.rebelbase.com/|{{Pkg|pan}}}}<br />
* {{app|[[Wikipedia:slrn|slrn]]|An open source text-based news client.|http://www.slrn.org/|{{pkg|slrn}}}}<br />
* {{app|[[Wikipedia:Tin_(newsreader)|tin]]|A cross-platform threaded NNTP and spool based UseNet newsreader.|http://tin.org/|{{aur|tin}}}}<br />
* {{app|trn|A text-based Threaded Usenet newsreader.|http://trn.sourceforge.net/|{{aur|trn}}}}<br />
* {{app|xrn|Usenet newsreader for X Window System.|http://www.mit.edu/people/jik/software/xrn.html|{{aur|xrn}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Blog software ====<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Blog software]] and [[Wikipedia:List of content management systems]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Drupal]]|An open source content management platform powering millions of websites and applications. It is built, used, and supported by an active and diverse community of people around the world.|http://drupal.org/|{{Pkg|drupal}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Ghost]]|Blogging platform written in JavaScript and distributed under the MIT License, designed to simplify the process of online publishing for individual bloggers as well as online publications.|https://ghost.org/|{{AUR|ghost}}}}<br />
* {{App|Hexo|A fast, simple & powerful blog framework, powered by Node.js.|http://hexo.io|{{AUR|nodejs-hexo}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Jekyll]]|A static blog engine, written in Ruby, which supports Markdown, textile and other formats.|http://jekyllrb.com/|{{AUR|ruby-jekyll}}}}<br />
* {{App|Nanoblogger|A small weblog engine written in Bash for the command line. It uses common UNIX tools such as cat, grep, and sed to create static HTML content. It is not mantained anymore.|http://nanoblogger.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|nanoblogger}}}}<br />
* {{App|Nikola|A static site generator written in Python, with incremental rebuilds and multiple markup formats.|https://getnikola.com/|{{AUR|python-nikola}}}}<br />
* {{app|Pelican|A static site generator, powered by Python.|http://docs.getpelican.com/en/3.5.0/|{{Pkg|pelican}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wordpress]]|An easy to setup and administer FLOSS content management system featuring a strong and vibrant community with thousands of plugins and themes.|http://wordpress.org/|{{Pkg|wordpress}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Microblogging clients ====<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:List of Twitter services and applications]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|Birdie|A beautiful Twitter client for GNU/Linux.|http://birdieapp.github.io/ |{{AUR|birdie-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Choqok|Microblogging client for KDE that supports Twitter.com, Pump.io, GNU social and opendesktop.org services.|http://choqok.gnufolks.org/|{{Pkg|choqok}}}}<br />
* {{App|Corebird|Native Gtk+ Twitter client for the Linux desktop.|http://corebird.baedert.org/|{{AUR|corebird-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Polly|Linux Twitter client designed for multiple columns of multiple accounts.|https://launchpad.net/polly/|{{AUR|polly}}}}<br />
* {{App|Pumpa|Pump.io client written in C++ and Qt.|https://pumpa.branchable.com/|{{AUR|pumpa-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Rainbowstream|A powerful and fully-featured console Twitter client written in Python.|http://www.rainbowstream.org/|{{AUR|rainbowstream}}}}<br />
* {{App|ttytter|Easily scriptable Twitter client written in Perl.|http://www.floodgap.com/software/ttytter/|{{AUR|ttytter}}}}<br />
* {{App|Turpial|Multi-interface Twitter client written in Python.|https://github.com/satanas/Turpial|{{AUR|turpial-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|turses|Twitter client for the console based off ''tyrs'' with major improvements.|http://turses.rtfd.org/|{{AUR|turses}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Remote desktop ===<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Remote desktop software]] and [[Wikipedia:Comparison of remote desktop software]].<br />
<br />
==== Remote desktop clients ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:GNOME Boxes|GNOME Boxes]]|A simple GNOME 3 application to access remote or virtual systems. Supports VNC and SPICE.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Boxes|{{Pkg|gnome-boxes}}}}<br />
* {{App|GVncViewer|Simple VNC Client on Gtk-VNC.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/gtk-vnc|{{Pkg|gtk-vnc}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:KRDC|KRDC]]|Remote Desktop Client for KDE. Supports RDP and VNC. Part of {{Grp|kdenetwork}}.|https://www.kde.org/applications/internet/krdc/|{{Pkg|krdc}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Remmina]]|Remote desktop client written in GTK+. Supports RDP, VNC, NX, XDMCP and SSH.|http://www.remmina.org/|{{Pkg|remmina}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[TigerVNC|vncviewer (TigerVNC)]]|VNC viewer for X.|http://tigervnc.org/|{{Pkg|tigervnc}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Vinagre|Vinagre]]|Remote desktop viewer for GNOME. Supports RDP, VNC, SPICE and SSH. Part of {{Grp|gnome-extra}}.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Vinagre|{{Pkg|vinagre}}}}<br />
* {{App|xfreerdp|FreeRDP X11 client.|http://www.freerdp.com/|{{Pkg|freerdp}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[X2Go]] Client|A graphical client (Qt4) for the X2Go system that uses the [[w:NX technology|NX technology]] protocol.|http://wiki.x2go.org/doku.php|{{Pkg|x2goclient}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Remote desktop servers ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|Krfb|VNC server for KDE. Part of {{Grp|kdenetwork}}.|https://www.kde.org/applications/system/krfb|{{Pkg|krfb}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Vino]]|VNC server for GNOME. Part of {{Grp|gnome}}.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/Vino|{{Pkg|vino}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[TigerVNC|x0vncserver (TigerVNC)]]|VNC Server for X displays.|http://tigervnc.org/|{{Pkg|tigervnc}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[x11vnc]]|VNC server for real X displays.|http://www.karlrunge.com/x11vnc/|{{Pkg|x11vnc}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[X2Go]] Server|An open source remote desktop software that uses the [[w:NX technology|NX technology]] protocol.|http://wiki.x2go.org/doku.php|{{Pkg|x2goserver}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Pastebin clients ===<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Pastebin]].<br />
<br />
Pastebin services are often used to quote text or images while collaborating and troubleshooting. Pastebin clients provide a convenient way to post from the command line.<br />
<br />
{{Tip| You can access the [https://ptpb.pw ptpb.pw], [http://sprunge.us/ sprunge.us] and [http://ix.io/ ix.io] pastebins using curl. For example pipe the output of a command to ptpb: {{bc|''command'' <nowiki>| curl -F c=@- https://ptpb.pw </nowiki>}} or upload a file (including images): {{bc|<nowiki>curl -F c=@- https://ptpb.pw < </nowiki>''file''}}}}<br />
<br />
{{Note| [http://pastebin.com/ pastebin.com] is blocked for some people and has a history of annoying issues (javascript, adverts, poor formatting, etc). Do ''not'' use it.}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|Elmer|Pastebin client similar to wgetpaste and curlpaste, except written in Perl and usable with wget or curl. Servers: [http://codepad.org/ codepad.org], [http://rafb.me/ rafb.me], [http://sprunge.us/ sprunge.us].|https://github.com/sudokode/elmer|{{AUR|elmer}}}}<br />
* {{App|Fb-client|Client for the [http://paste.xinu.at/ paste.xinu.at] pastebin.|http://paste.xinu.at|{{Pkg|fb-client}}}}<br />
* {{App|Gist|Command-line interface for the [https://gist.github.com/ gist.github.com] pastebin service.|https://github.com/defunkt/gist|{{Pkg|gist}}}}<br />
* {{App|Haste|Universal pastebin tool, written in Haskell. Servers: [http://hpaste.org/ hpaste.org], [http://paste2.org/ paste2.org], [http://pastebin.com/ pastebin.com] and others.|http://hackage.haskell.org/package/haste|{{AUR|haste}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|haste}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Hg-paste|Pastebin extension for Mercurial which can send diffs to various pastebin websites for easy sharing. Servers: [http://dpaste.com/ dpaste.com] and [http://dpaste.org/ dpaste.org].|http://bitbucket.org/sjl/hg-paste|{{AUR|hg-paste}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|hg-paste}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|imgur|A CLI client which can upload image to [http://imgur.com imgur.com] image sharing service.|http://imgur.com/apps|{{AUR|imgur}}}}<br />
* {{App|Ix|Client for the ix.io pastebin.|http://ix.io|{{AUR|ix}}}}<br />
* {{App|Npaste-client|Client for the [http://npaste.de/ npaste.de] pastebin.|http://npaste.de|{{AUR|npaste-client}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|npaste-client}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Pastebinit|Really small Python script that acts as a Pastebin client. Servers: [http://pastie.org/ pastie.org], [http://paste.kde.org/ paste.kde.org], [http://paste.debian.net/ paste.debian.net], [http://paste.ubuntu.com/ paste.ubuntu.com] and others (for a full list see {{ic|pastebinit -l}}).|http://launchpad.net/pastebinit|{{Pkg|pastebinit}}}}<br />
* {{App|paste-binouse|C++ standalone pastebin web server|https://github.com/abique/paste-binouse|{{AUR|paste-binouse-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|pb|A very fast, lightweight pastebin and general file uploader written in python with a ton of features.|https://ptpb.pw|{{AUR|ptpb}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|ptpb}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[pbpst]]|A small tool to interact with pb instances (eg [https://ptpb.pw ptpb.pw]).|https://github.com/HalosGhost/pbpst|{{Pkg|pbpst}} {{AUR|pbpst-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|ruby-haste|Client for [http://hastebin.com/ hastebin.com].|https://github.com/seejohnrun/haste-client|{{AUR|ruby-haste}} {{AUR|ruby-haste-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Uppity|The pastebin client with an attitude.|https://github.com/Kiwi/Uppity|{{AUR|uppity-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|Vim-gist|Vim script for [https://gist.github.com/ gist.github.com].| http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id&#61;2423 |{{AUR|vim-gist}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|vim-gist}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Vim-paster|Vim plugin to paste to any pastebin service using curl.|http://eugeneciurana.com/site.php?page&#61;tools|{{AUR|vim-paster}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|vim-paster}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Wgetpaste|Bash script that automates pasting to a number of pastebin services. Servers: [http://pastebin.ca/ pastebin.ca], [http://codepad.org/ codepad.org], [http://dpaste.com/ dpaste.com] and [http://pastebin.osuosl.org/ pastebin.osuosl.org].|http://wgetpaste.zlin.dk/|{{Pkg|wgetpaste}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Bitcoin ===<br />
<br />
See the main article: [[Bitcoin]].<br />
<br />
* {{App|Armory|Bitcoin client with features such as support for multiple wallets, importing keys and backups.|https://github.com/etotheipi/BitcoinArmory|{{AUR|armory-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Bitcoin]]|Official tool to manage Bitcoins, a P2P currency.|http://bitcoin.org/|{{Pkg|bitcoin-daemon}} {{Pkg|bitcoin-cli}} {{Pkg|bitcoin-qt}} {{Pkg|bitcoin-tx}}}}<br />
* {{App|Electrum|An easy to use Bitcoin client.|http://electrum.org/|{{Pkg|electrum}}}}<br />
* {{App|MultiBit|A lightweight Bitcoin desktop client powered by the BitCoinJ library.|https://multibit.org/|{{Pkg|multibit}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Surveying ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:LimeSurvey|LimeSurvey]]|An open source on-line survey application. As a web server-based software it enables users to develop and publish on-line surveys, and collect responses, with no programming.|https://www.limesurvey.org/|{{AUR|limesurvey}}}}</div>Vicr123https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=List_of_applications/Security&diff=454389List of applications/Security2016-10-19T10:46:54Z<p>Vicr123: /* Screen lockers */ Added tsscreenlock to the list of screen lockers</p>
<hr />
<div><noinclude><br />
[[Category:Applications]]<br />
[[es:List of applications/Security]]<br />
[[it:List of applications/Security]]<br />
[[ja:アプリケーション一覧/セキュリティ]]<br />
[[ru:List of applications/Security]]<br />
[[zh-cn:List of applications/Security]]<br />
[[zh-tw:List of applications/Security]]<br />
{{List of applications navigation}}<br />
</noinclude><br />
== Security ==<br />
<br />
For detailed guides, see the main ArchWiki page, [[Security]].<br />
<br />
==== Firewalls ====<br />
<br />
See the main article: [[Firewalls]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of firewalls]].<br />
<br />
==== Network security ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Arpwatch|Arpwatch]]|Tool that monitors ethernet activity and keeps a database of Ethernet/IP address pairings.|http://ee.lbl.gov/|{{Pkg|arpwatch}}}}<br />
* {{App|Bro|Powerful network analysis framework that is much different from the typical IDS you may know.|https://www.bro.org/}}<br />
* {{App|EtherApe|Graphical network monitor for Unix modeled after etherman. Featuring link layer, IP and TCP modes, it displays network activity graphically. Hosts and links change in size with traffic. Color coded protocols display.|http://etherape.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|etherape}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Honeyd]]|Tool that allows the user to set up and run multiple virtual hosts on a computer network.|http://www.honeyd.org/|{{AUR|honeyd}}}}<br />
* {{App|IPTraf|Console-based network monitoring utility.|https://fedorahosted.org/iptraf-ng/|{{Pkg|iptraf-ng}}}}<br />
* {{App|Kismet|802.11 layer2 wireless network detector, sniffer, and intrusion detection system.|http://www.kismetwireless.net/|{{Pkg|kismet}}}}<br />
* {{App|Nemesis|Command-line network packet crafting and injection utility.|http://nemesis.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|nemesis}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Nmap]]|Security scanner used to discover hosts and services on a computer network, thus creating a "map" of the network.|http://nmap.org/|{{Pkg|nmap}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Ntop]]|Network probe that shows network usage in a way similar to what top does for processes.|http://www.ntop.org/|{{Pkg|ntop}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Snort]]|Network intrusion prevention and detection system.|http://www.snort.org/|{{AUR|snort}}}}<br />
* {{App|Spectools|A set of utilities for spectrum analyzer hardware including Wi-Spy devices.|https://www.kismetwireless.net/spectools/|{{AUR|spectools}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Sshguard]]|Daemon that protects SSH and other services against brute-force attacts, similar to Fail2ban.|http://www.sshguard.net/|{{Pkg|sshguard}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Suricata]]|High performance Network IDS, IPS and Network Security Monitoring engine.|http://suricata-ids.org/|{{AUR|suricata}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:tcpdump|Tcpdump]]|Common console-based packet analyzer that allows the user to intercept and display TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network.|http://www.tcpdump.org/|{{Pkg|tcpdump}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[vnStat]]|Console-based network traffic monitor that keeps a log of network traffic for the selected interfaces.|http://humdi.net/vnstat/|{{Pkg|vnstat}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wireshark]]|Network protocol analyzer that lets you capture and interactively browse the traffic running on a computer network.|http://www.wireshark.org/|{{Pkg|wireshark-cli}} {{Pkg|wireshark-qt}} {{Pkg|wireshark-gtk}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Threat and vulnerability detection ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|AFICK|Security tool that allows to monitor the changes on your files systems, and so can detect intrusions.|http://afick.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|afick}}}}<br />
* {{App|Lynis|Security and system auditing tool to harden Unix/Linux systems.|https://cisofy.com/lynis/|{{Pkg|lynis}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Metasploit Framework]]|An advanced open-source platform for developing, testing, and using exploit code.|http://www.metasploit.com/|{{Pkg|metasploit}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Nessus]]|Comprehensive vulnerability scanning program.|http://www.nessus.org/products/nessus|{{AUR|nessus}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[OpenVAS]]|Framework of several services and tools offering a comprehensive and powerful vulnerability scanning and vulnerability management solution. FOSS Nessus fork.|http://www.openvas.org/|{{Grp|openvas}}}}<br />
* {{App|Osiris|Tool for monitoring system integrity and changes across a network.|https://launchpad.net/osiris|{{Pkg|osiris}}}}<br />
* {{App|OSSEC|Open Source Host-based Intrusion Detection System that performs log analysis, file integrity checking, policy monitoring, rootkit detection, real-time alerting and active response.|https://ossec.github.io/|{{AUR|ossec-agent}} {{AUR|ossec-local}} {{AUR|ossec-server}}}}<br />
* {{App|Samhain|Host-based intrusion detection system (HIDS) provides file integrity checking and log file monitoring/analysis, as well as rootkit detection, port monitoring, detection of rogue SUID executables, and hidden processes. |http://www.la-samhna.de/samhain/index.html}}<br />
* {{App|Tiger|Security tool that can be use both as a security audit and intrusion detection system.|http://www.nongnu.org/tiger/|{{AUR|tiger}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[Wikipedia:Open Source Tripwire|Tripwire]]|Intrusion detection system.|https://github.com/Tripwire/tripwire-open-source|{{AUR|tripwire}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|tripwire}}}}}}<br />
<br />
==== File security ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[AIDE]]|File and directory integrity checker.|http://aide.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|aide}}}}<br />
* {{App|Logcheck|Simple utility which is designed to allow a system administrator to view the logfiles which are produced upon hosts under their control.|https://logcheck.alioth.debian.org/}}<br />
* {{App|[[Logwatch]]|Customizable log analysis system.|http://sourceforge.net/projects/logwatch/|{{Pkg|logwatch}}}}<br />
* {{App|OpenDLP|OpenDLP is a free and open source, agent- and agentless-based, centrally-managed, massively distributable data loss prevention tool.|https://code.google.com/archive/p/opendlp/}}<br />
* {{App|Swatch|Utility that can monitor just about any type of log.|http://swatch.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|swatch}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|swatch}}}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Anti malware ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|chkrootkit|Locally checks for signs of a rootkit.|http://www.chkrootkit.org/|{{AUR|chkrootkit}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[ClamAV]]|Open source antivirus engine for detecting trojans, viruses, malware & other malicious threats.|http://www.clamav.net/|{{Pkg|clamav}}}}<br />
* {{App|Linux Malware Detect|Malware scanner designed around the threats faced in shared hosted environments.|https://www.rfxn.com/projects/linux-malware-detect/|{{AUR|maldet}}}}<br />
* {{App|Rootkit Hunter|Checks machines for the presence of rootkits and other unwanted tools.|http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net/|{{Pkg|rkhunter}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Backup programs ====<br />
<br />
See the main article: [[Synchronization and backup programs]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of backup software]].<br />
<br />
==== Screen lockers ====<br />
{{Warning|Only ''sflock'', ''physlock'', ''Cinnamon Screensaver'', ''MATE Screensaver'' and ''GNOME Screensaver'' are able to block tty access.}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|Cinnamon Screensaver|Screen locker for the Cinnamon desktop.|https://github.com/linuxmint/cinnamon-screensaver|{{Pkg|cinnamon-screensaver}}}}<br />
* {{App|GNOME Screensaver|Screen locker for the GNOME Flashback desktop.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeScreensaver|{{Pkg|gnome-screensaver}}}}<br />
* {{App|i3lock|A simple screen locker. Provides user feedback, uses PAM authentication, supports DPMS. The background can be set to an image or solid color.|http://i3wm.org/i3lock/|{{Pkg|i3lock}}}}<br />
* {{App|i3lock-blur|Fork of ''i3lock'' which can use your desktop with the blur effect applied as a background.|https://github.com/karulont/i3lock-blur|{{Aur|i3lock-blur}}}}<br />
* {{App|i3lock-wrapper|A simple wrapper around ''i3lock'' which sets up a blurred screenshot of the desktop as a background image.|https://github.com/ashinkarov/i3-extras|{{Aur|i3lock-wrapper}}}}<br />
* {{App|Light-locker|A simple locker (forked from ''gnome-screensaver'') that aims to have simple, sane, secure defaults and be well integrated with the desktop while not carrying any desktop-specific dependencies. It relies on [[LightDM]] for locking and unlocking your session via ConsoleKit/UPower or ''logind/systemd''|https://github.com/the-cavalry/light-locker|{{Pkg|light-locker}}}}<br />
* {{App|MATE Screensaver|Screensaver and locker for MATE Desktop Environment.|https://github.com/mate-desktop/mate-screensaver|{{Pkg|mate-screensaver}}}}<br />
* {{App|physlock|Screen and console locker.|https://github.com/muennich/physlock|{{AUR|physlock}}}}<br />
* {{App|sflock|Simple screen locker utility for X, based on slock. Provides a very basic user feedback.|https://github.com/benruijl/sflock|{{AUR|sflock-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|slock|Very simple and lightweight X screen locker. Offers only a black background when locked, there are no animations or text fields.|http://tools.suckless.org/slock|{{Pkg|slock}}}}<br />
* {{App|sxlock|Fork of sflock with a few enhancements. Provides basic user feedback, uses PAM authentication, supports DPMS and RandR. Supports {{ic|sxlock.service}} to lock the screen on suspend/hibernation. See the [https://github.com/lahwaacz/sxlock/blob/master/README.md README] for more information.|https://github.com/lahwaacz/sxlock|{{AUR|sxlock-git}}}}<br />
* {{App|tsscreenlock|Screen locker used in theShell. Shows music controls, and if used with theShell, also shows desktop notifications.|https://github.com/vicr123/tsscreenlock|{{AUR|tsscreenlock}}}}<br />
* {{App|vlock|TTY locker. A mirror of the [https://lists.archlinux.org/pipermail/aur-general/2013-July/024662.html original vlock] is available at [https://github.com/WorMzy/vlock github].|http://www.kbd-project.org|{{Pkg|kbd}}}}<br />
* {{App|xlockmore|Simple X11 screen lock with PAM support.|http://www.tux.org/~bagleyd/xlockmore.html|{{Pkg|xlockmore}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[XScreenSaver]]|Screen saver and locker for the X Window System.|http://www.jwz.org/xscreensaver/|{{Pkg|xscreensaver}}}}<br />
* {{App|XSecureLock|X11 screen lock utility designed with the primary goal of security.|https://github.com/google/xsecurelock|{{AUR|xsecurelock-git}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Hash checkers ====<br />
<br />
* {{app|cfv|Tiny utility to both test and create checksum files, support {{ic|.sfv}}, {{ic|.csv}}, {{ic|.crc}}, {{ic|.md5}}, {{ic|md5sum}}, {{ic|sha1sum}}, {{ic|.torrent}}, {{ic|par}}, and {{ic|.par2}} files.| http://cfv.sourceforge.net/|{{pkg|cfv}}}}<br />
* {{App|GtkHash|A GTK+ utility for computing message digests or checksums|http://gtkhash.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|gtkhash}}}}<br />
* {{App|hashdeep|A cross-platform tools to computer hashes, or message digests, for any number of files|http://md5deep.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|md5deep}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|md5deep}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Parano|A GNOME frontend for creating/editing/checking MD5 and SFV files|http://parano.berlios.de/|{{AUR|parano}}}}<br />
* {{App|Quick Hash GUI|A GUI to enable the rapid selection and subsequent hashing of files (individually or recursively throughout a folder structure) text and (on Linux) disks.|http://sourceforge.net/projects/quickhash/}}<br />
* {{App|RHash|Utility for verifying hash sums (SFV, CRC, etc). Supports lots of algorithms.|http://rhash.anz.ru/|{{Pkg|rhash}}}}<br />
* {{App|MassHash|A set of file hashing tools (both CLI and GTK+ GUI) written in Python. Supported algorithms include MD5, SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512.|http://jdleicher.github.io/MassHash/|{{AUR|masshash}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Encryption, signing, steganography ====<br />
<br />
* {{app|ccrypt|A command-line utility for encrypting and decrypting files and streams.|http://ccrypt.sourceforge.net/|{{pkg|ccrypt}}}}<br />
*{{App|[[Wikipedia:Enigmail|Enigmail]]|''a security extension to Mozilla Thunderbird and Seamonkey. It enables you to write and receive email messages signed and/or encrypted with the OpenPGP standard.''|https://enigmail.net|{{AUR|thunderbird-enigmail}}}}<br />
* {{app|[[GnuPG]]|The GNU project's complete and free implementation of the OpenPGP standard as defined by RFC4880. Free and Open Source replacement of PGP, mostly used for digital signing of packages.|http://gnupg.org/|{{pkg|gnupg}}}}<br />
* {{app|gzsteg|A utiltiy that can hide data in gzip compressed files|http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/crypt/steganography/|{{AUR?|gzsteg}}}}<br />
*{{App|[[Wikipedia:KGPG|KGpg]]|''a simple interface for GnuPG'' for KDE.|https://www.kde.org/applications/utilities/kgpg/|{{Pkg|kdeutils-kgpg}}}}<br />
*{{App|[[Wikipedia:Seahorse_(software)|Seahorse]]|''GNOME application for managing encryption keys and passwords in the GnomeKeyring.''|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Seahorse/|{{Pkg|seahorse}}}}<br />
* {{app|silenteye|A steganography application written in C++, use Qt4 library.|http://www.silenteye.org/|{{AUR?|silenteye}}}}<br />
* {{app|snow|Steganography program for concealing messages in text files|http://www.darkside.com.au/snow/|{{aur|snow}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|snow}}}}}}<br />
* {{app|steghide|A steganography utility that is able to hide data in various kinds of image and audio files.|http://steghide.sourceforge.net|{{pkg|steghide}}}}<br />
* {{app|stegparty|A steganography utility hides text by typoing text existing text files.|https://github.com/countrygeek/stegparty|{{AUR|stegparty}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|stegparty}}}}}}<br />
<br />
==== Password managers ====<br />
<br />
* {{App|Console Password Manager|Curses based password manager using PGP-encryption.|https://github.com/comotion/cpm|{{AUR|cpm}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|cpm}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Enpass|A multiplatform password manager|https://www.enpass.io/|{{AUR|enpass-bin}}}}<br />
* {{App|Figaro's Password Manager 2|GTK2 port of [http://fpm.sourceforge.net/ Figaro's Password Manager] with some new enhancements.|http://als.regnet.cz/fpm2/|{{AUR|fpm2}}}}<br />
* {{App|GPass|Password manegement software for GNOME2 desktop.|https://github.com/raffael-sfm/gpass|{{AUR|gpass}}}}<br />
* {{App|GPassword Manager|Simple, lightweight and cross-platform utility for managing and accessing passwords.|http://sourceforge.net/projects/gpasswordman/|{{AUR|gpasswordman}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|gpasswordman}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Gtkpass|Gtkpass is a GTK and Libkpass-based password manager for KeePass 1.x databases.|https://sourceforge.net/projects/gtkpass/|{{AUR|gtkpass}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|gtkpass}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Ked Password Manager|A password manager that helps to manage large numbers of passwords.|http://kedpm.sourceforge.net|{{AUR|kedpm}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[KeePass|KeePass Password Safe]]|Free open source Mono-based password manager, which helps you to manage your passwords in a secure way.|http://keepass.info/|{{Pkg|keepass}}}}<br />
* {{App|KeePassC|KeePassC is a curses-based password manager compatible to KeePass v.1.x and KeePassX.|https://raymontag.github.com/keepassc|{{AUR|keepassc}}}}<br />
* {{App|KeePassX|Free and open source Qt-based password manager. Compatible with KeePass v.1.x and KeePass v.2.x.|http://www.keepassx.org/|{{Pkg|keepassx}} {{Pkg|keepassx2}}}} <br />
* {{App|MyPasswords|What you need for managing your passwords, including the passwords of your online accounts, bank accounts and ... with the corresponding URLs.|http://sourceforge.net/projects/mypasswords7/}}<br />
* {{App|MyPasswordSafe|Easy-to-use QT based password manager, compatible with Password Safe files (and therefore pwsafe).|http://www.semanticgap.com/myps/|{{AUR|mypasswordsafe}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|mypasswordsafe}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|Pasaffe|Easy to use password manager for Gnome with a Password Safe 3.0 compatible database.|https://launchpad.net/pasaffe|{{AUR|pasaffe}}{{Broken package link|{{aur-mirror|pasaffe}}}}}}<br />
* {{App|[[pass]]|Simple console based password manager|http://www.passwordstore.org/|{{Pkg|pass}}}}<br />
* {{App|Password Gorilla|A cross-platform password manager.|https://github.com/zdia/gorilla/wiki/|{{AUR|password-gorilla}}}}<br />
* {{App|Password Safe|Simple and secure password manager.|http://passwordsafe.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|passwordsafe}}}}<br />
* {{App|pwsafe|Unix commandline program that manages encrypted password databases.|http://nsd.dyndns.org/pwsafe/|{{Pkg|pwsafe}}}}<br />
* {{App|QPass|Easy to use password manager with built-in password generator.|http://qpass.sourceforge.net|{{AUR|qpass}}}}<br />
* {{App|Revelation|Password manager for the GNOME desktop.|http://revelation.olasagasti.info/|{{AUR|revelation}}}}<br />
* {{App|spm|Simple Password Manager written entirely in POSIX shell using PGP. Fast, lightweight and easily scriptable.|https://notabug.org/kl3/spm/}}<br />
* {{App|Seahorse|GNOME application for managing encryption keys and passwords in the GnomeKeyring.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Seahorse|{{Pkg|seahorse}}}}<br />
* {{App|Universal Password Manager|Allows you to store usernames, passwords, URLs and generic notes in an encrypted database protected by one master password.|http://upm.sourceforge.net/|{{AUR|upm}}}}</div>Vicr123https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Desktop_environment&diff=454382Desktop environment2016-10-19T10:22:30Z<p>Vicr123: Added theShell to the list of unofficially supported desktop environments</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Desktop environments]]<br />
[[es:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[fa:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[it:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[ja:デスクトップ環境]]<br />
[[ru:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[sv:Skrivbordsmiljö]]<br />
[[uk:Desktop environment]]<br />
[[zh-cn:Desktop environment]]<br />
{{Related articles start}}<br />
{{Related|Display manager}}<br />
{{Related|Window manager}}<br />
{{Related|Xorg}}<br />
{{Related|Wayland}}<br />
{{Related|Default applications}}<br />
{{Related articles end}}<br />
A [[Wikipedia:Desktop environment|desktop environment]] provides a ''complete'' graphical user interface (GUI) for a system by bundling together a variety of components written using a common widget toolkit and set of libraries.<br />
<br />
== Overview ==<br />
<br />
A desktop environment bundles together a variety of components to provide common graphical user interface elements such as icons, toolbars, wallpapers, and desktop widgets. Additionally, most desktop environments include a set of integrated applications and utilities. Most importantly, desktop environments provide their own [[window manager]], which can however usually be replaced with another compatible one.<br />
<br />
The user is free to configure their GUI environment in any number of ways. Desktop environments simply provide a complete and convenient means of accomplishing this task. Note that users are free to mix-and-match applications from multiple desktop environments. For example, a KDE user may install and run GNOME applications such as the Epiphany web browser, should he/she prefer it over KDE's Konqueror web browser. One drawback of this approach is that many applications provided by desktop environment projects rely heavily upon their DE's respective underlying libraries. As a result, installing applications from a range of desktop environments will require installation of a larger number of dependencies. Users seeking to conserve disk space and avoid [[Wikipedia:software bloat|software bloat]] often avoid such mixed environments, or look into lightweight alternatives.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, DE-provided applications tend to integrate better with their native environments. Superficially, mixing environments with different widget toolkits will result in visual discrepancies (that is, interfaces will use different icons and widget styles). In terms of user experience, mixed environments may not behave similarly (e.g. single-clicking versus double-clicking icons; drag-and-drop functionality) potentially causing confusion or unexpected behavior.<br />
<br />
Prior to installing a desktop environment, a functional X server installation is required. See [[Xorg]] for detailed information. Some desktop environments may also support [[Wayland]] as an alternative to X, but most of these are still experimental.<br />
<br />
== List of desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
=== Officially supported ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Budgie Desktop|Budgie]]|Budgie is a desktop environment designed with the modern user in mind, it focuses on simplicity and elegance. |https://solus-project.com/budgie/|{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Cinnamon]]|Cinnamon strives to provide a traditional user experience. Cinnamon is a fork of GNOME 3.|http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/|{{Pkg|cinnamon}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Deepin]]|Deepin desktop interface and apps feature an intuitive and elegant design. Moving around, sharing and searching etc. has become simply a joyful experience. |https://www.deepin.org/|{{grp|deepin}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Enlightenment]]|The Enlightenment desktop shell provides an efficient window manager based on the Enlightenment Foundation Libraries along with other essential desktop components like a file manager, desktop icons and widgets. It supports themes, while still being capable of performing on older hardware or embedded devices.|https://www.enlightenment.org/|{{Pkg|enlightenment}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[GNOME]]|The GNOME desktop environment is an attractive and intuitive desktop with both a modern (''GNOME'') and a classic (''GNOME Classic'') session.|https://www.gnome.org/gnome-3/|{{grp|gnome}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[GNOME Flashback]]| GNOME Flashback is a shell for GNOME 3 which was initially called GNOME fallback mode. The desktop layout and the underlying technology is similar to GNOME 2.|https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GnomeFlashback|{{Pkg|gnome-flashback}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[KDE Plasma]]|The KDE Plasma desktop environment is a familiar working environment. Plasma Desktop offers all the tools required for a modern desktop computing experience so you can be productive right from the start.|https://www.kde.org/workspaces/plasmadesktop/|{{grp|plasma}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[LXDE]]|The Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment is a fast and energy-saving desktop environment. It comes with a modern interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and additional features like tabbed file browsing. Fundamentally designed to be lightweight, LXDE strives to be less CPU and RAM intensive than other environments.|http://lxde.org/|GTK+ 2: {{grp|lxde}}, GTK+ 3: {{grp|lxde-gtk3}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[LXQt]]|LXQt is the Qt port and the upcoming version of LXDE, the Lightweight Desktop Environment. It is the product of the merge between the LXDE-Qt and the Razor-qt projects: A lightweight, modular, blazing-fast and user-friendly desktop environment.|http://lxqt.org/|{{grp|lxqt}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[MATE]]|Mate provides an intuitive and attractive desktop to Linux users using traditional metaphors. MATE is a fork of GNOME 2.|http://www.mate-desktop.org/|GTK+ 2: {{grp|mate}}, GTK+ 3: {{grp|mate-gtk3}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Xfce]]|Xfce embodies the traditional UNIX philosophy of modularity and re-usability. It consists of a number of components that provide the full functionality one can expect of a modern desktop environment, while remaining relatively light. They are packaged separately and you can pick among the available packages to create the optimal personal working environment.|http://www.xfce.org/|{{grp|xfce4}}}}<br />
<br />
=== Unofficially supported ===<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[CDE]]|The Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is a desktop environment for Unix and OpenVMS, based on the Motif widget toolkit. It was part of the UNIX98 Workstation Product Standard, and was long the "classic" Unix desktop associated with commercial Unix workstations. Highly experimental.|https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/|{{AUR|cdesktopenv}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]]|The "Equinox Desktop Environment" is a DE designed to be simple, extremely light-weight and fast.|http://equinox-project.org/|{{AUR|ede}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Hawaii]]|Hawaii is a lightweight, coherent and fast desktop environment that relies on Qt 5, QtQuick and Wayland and is designed to offer the best UX for the device where it is running.|http://www.maui-project.org/|{{AUR|hawaii-shell}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Lumina]]|Lumina is a lightweight desktop environment written in Qt 5 for FreeBSD that uses Fluxbox for window management.|https://blog.pcbsd.org/2014/04/quick-lumina-desktop-faq/|{{AUR|lumina-desktop-git}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Moksha]]|Fork of Enlightenment currently used as default desktop environment in Ubuntu-based Bodhi Linux.|http://www.bodhilinux.com/moksha-desktop/|{{AUR|moksha}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Pantheon]]|Pantheon is the default desktop environment originally created for the elementary OS distribution. It is written from scratch using Vala and the GTK3 toolkit. With regards to usability and appearance, the desktop has some similarities with GNOME Shell and macOS.|https://elementary.io/|{{AUR|pantheon-session-bzr}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Papyros shell|Papyros]]|Papyros shell is a modern desktop shell which adheres to Google's Material Design guidelines. Highly experimental.|http://papyros.io/|{{AUR|papyros-shell}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Sugar]]|The Sugar Learning Platform is a computer environment composed of Activities designed to help children from 5 to 12 years of age learn together through rich-media expression. Sugar is the core component of a worldwide effort to provide every child with the opportunity for a quality education — it is currently used by nearly one-million children worldwide speaking 25 languages in over 40 countries. Sugar provides the means to help people lead fulfilling lives through access to a quality education that is currently missed by so many.|https://wiki.sugarlabs.org/|{{AUR|sugar}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|theShell|theShell is a desktop environment that tries to be as transparent as possible. It uses Qt 5 as its widget toolkit and KWin as its window manager. It also incorporates a personal assistant.|https://vicr123.github.io/theshell|{{AUR|theshell}}}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Trinity]]|The Trinity Desktop Environment (TDE) project is a computer desktop environment for Unix-like operating systems with a primary goal of retaining the overall KDE 3.5 computing style.|http://www.trinitydesktop.org/|See [[Trinity]]}}<br />
<br />
* {{App|[[Unity]]|Unity is a shell for GNOME designed by Canonical for Ubuntu.|http://unity.ubuntu.com/|See [[Unity]]}}<br />
<br />
== Comparison of desktop environments ==<br />
<br />
''This section attempts to draw a comparison between popular desktop environments. Note that first-hand experience is the only effective way to truly evaluate whether a desktop environment best suits your needs.''<br />
<br />
See also [[Wikipedia:Comparison of X Window System desktop environments]].<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|+ Overview of desktop environments <!-- PLEASE DO NOT OVER-CLUTTER THIS TABLE! --><br />
! Desktop environment !! Widget toolkit !! Window manager !! Taskbar !! Terminal emulator !! File manager !! Calculator !! Text editor !! Image viewer !! Media player !! Web browser !! Display manager<br />
|-<br />
| [[Budgie Desktop|Budgie]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || budgie-wm<br>{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}} || budgie-panel<br>{{Pkg|budgie-desktop}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Cinnamon]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || Muffin<br>{{pkg|muffin}} || Cinnamon<br>{{pkg|cinnamon}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME&nbsp;Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[Nemo]]<br>{{pkg|nemo}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye&nbsp;of&nbsp;GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Deepin]] || [[GTK+]] 2/3, [[Qt]]&nbsp;5<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} {{pkg|qt5-base}} || Deepin Window Manager<br>{{pkg|deepin-wm}} || Deepin Dock<br>{{pkg|deepin-dock}} || Deepin Terminal<br>{{pkg|deepin-terminal}} || Deepin File Manager<br>{{pkg|deepin-file-manager}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || Deepin Image Viewer<br>{{pkg|deepin-image-viewer}} || Deepin Movie<br>{{pkg|deepin-movie}} || [[Chromium]]<br>{{pkg|chromium}} || [[LightDM]] Deepin Greeter<br>{{pkg|deepin-session-ui}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]] || [http://www.fltk.org/ FLTK]<br>{{pkg|fltk}} || [[PekWM]]<br>{{AUR|ede}} || EDE Panel<br>{{AUR|ede}} || [[Xterm|XTerm]]<br>{{Pkg|xterm}} || Fluff<br>{{AUR|fluff}} || Calculator<br>{{AUR|ede}} || Editor<br>{{AUR|fltk-editor}} || Image Viewer<br>{{AUR|ede}} || flmusic<br>{{AUR|flmusic}} || [[Dillo]]<br>{{Pkg|dillo}} || [[XDM]]<br>{{Pkg|xorg-xdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Enlightenment]] || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-efl EFL]<br>{{Pkg|efl}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-terminology Terminology]<br>{{pkg|terminology}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-enlightenment Enlightenment]<br>{{pkg|enlightenment}} || Equate<br>{{AUR|equate-git}} || Ecrire<br>{{AUR|ecrire-git}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-ephoto Ephoto]<br>{{AUR|ephoto-git}} || [https://www.enlightenment.org/about-rage Rage]<br>{{AUR|rage}} || [[Wikipedia:Links (web browser)|Links]]<br>{{Pkg|links}} || [[XDM]]<br>{{Pkg|xorg-xdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[GNOME]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Mutter (window manager)|Mutter]]<br>{{pkg|mutter}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Shell|GNOME Shell]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-shell}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[GNOME Flashback]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Metacity|Metacity]]<br>{{pkg|metacity}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Panel|GNOME Panel]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-panel}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye of GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[GDM]]<br>{{pkg|gdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Hawaii]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{Pkg|qt5-base}} || Green Island<br>{{AUR|greenisland}} || Hawaii Shell<br>{{AUR|hawaii-shell}} || Terminal<br>{{AUR|hawaii-terminal}} || Swordfish<br>{{AUR?|swordfish-git}} || [http://speedcrunch.org/ SpeedCrunch]<br>{{AUR|speedcrunch-git}} || JuffEd<br>{{AUR|juffed-qt5-git}} || EyeSight<br>{{AUR|eyesight}} || SMPlayer<br>{{Pkg|smplayer}} || QupZilla<br>{{Pkg|qupzilla}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[KDE Plasma]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Wikipedia:KWin|KWin]]<br>{{pkg|kwin}} || [[Wikipedia:KDE Plasma 5#Desktop|Plasma&nbsp;Desktop]]<br>{{pkg|plasma-desktop}} || [http://konsole.kde.org/ Konsole]<br>{{pkg|konsole}} || [http://dolphin.kde.org/ Dolphin]<br>{{pkg|dolphin}} || [http://www.kde.org/applications/utilities/kcalc/ KCalc]<br>{{pkg|kcalc}} || [http://kate-editor.org/ KWrite/Kate]<br>{{pkg|kwrite}} {{pkg|kate}} || [http://gwenview.sourceforge.net/ Gwenview]<br>{{pkg|gwenview}} || [http://www.kde.org/applications/multimedia/dragonplayer/ Dragon&nbsp;Player]<br>{{pkg|dragon}} || [http://www.konqueror.org/ Konqueror]<br>{{pkg|kdebase-konqueror}} || [[SDDM]]<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXDE]] (GTK+ 2) || [[GTK+]] 2<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{pkg|openbox}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXPanel LXPanel]<br>{{pkg|lxpanel}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXTerminal LXTerminal]<br>{{pkg|lxterminal}} || [[PCManFM]]<br>{{pkg|pcmanfm}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator-gtk2}} || [http://tarot.freeshell.org/leafpad/ Leafpad]<br>{{pkg|leafpad}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/GPicView GPicView]<br>{{pkg|gpicview}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXMusic LXMusic]<br>{{pkg|lxmusic}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LXDM]]<br>{{pkg|lxdm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXDE]] (GTK+ 3) || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{Pkg|gtk3}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{Pkg|openbox}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXPanel LXPanel]<br>{{Pkg|lxpanel-gtk3}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXTerminal LXTerminal]<br>{{Pkg|lxterminal-gtk3}} || [[PCManFM]]<br>{{Pkg|pcmanfm-gtk3}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || L3afpad<br>{{Pkg|l3afpad}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/GPicView GPicView]<br>{{AUR|gpicview-gtk3}} || [http://wiki.lxde.org/en/LXMusic LXMusic]<br>{{Pkg|lxmusic-gtk3}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LXDM]]<br>{{Pkg|lxdm-gtk3}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[LXQt]] || [[Qt]] 5 <br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Openbox]]<br>{{pkg|openbox}} || LXQt Panel<br>{{pkg|lxqt-panel}} || QTerminal<br>{{Pkg|qterminal}} || PCManFM-Qt<br>{{pkg|pcmanfm-qt}} || [http://speedcrunch.org/ SpeedCrunch]<br>{{AUR|speedcrunch-git}} || JuffEd<br>{{AUR|juffed-qt5-git}} || LxImage-Qt<br>{{AUR|lximage-qt}} || SMPlayer<br>{{Pkg|smplayer}} || QupZilla<br>{{Pkg|qupzilla}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[MATE]] (GTK+ 2) || [[GTK+]] 2/3<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} || Marco<br>{{pkg|marco}} || MATE Panel<br>{{pkg|mate-panel}} || MATE Terminal<br>{{pkg|mate-terminal}} || Caja<br>{{pkg|caja}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator-gtk2}} || pluma<br>{{pkg|pluma}} || Eye of MATE<br>{{pkg|eom}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[MATE]] (GTK+ 3) || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || Marco<br>{{pkg|marco-gtk3}} || MATE Panel<br>{{pkg|mate-panel-gtk3}} || MATE Terminal<br>{{pkg|mate-terminal}} || Caja<br>{{pkg|caja-gtk3}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || pluma<br>{{pkg|pluma-gtk3}} || Eye of MATE<br>{{pkg|eom-gtk3}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Pantheon]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [https://launchpad.net/gala Gala]<br>{{AUR|gala-bzr}} || [https://launchpad.net/plank Plank]/[https://launchpad.net/wingpanel Wingpanel]<br>{{Pkg|plank}} {{AUR|wingpanel}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-terminal Pantheon&nbsp;Terminal]<br>{{Pkg|pantheon-terminal}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-files Pantheon Files]<br>{{Pkg|pantheon-files}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-calculator Pantheon Calculator]<br>{{AUR|pantheon-calculator}} || [https://launchpad.net/scratch Scratch]<br>{{Pkg|scratch-text-editor}} || [https://launchpad.net/pantheon-photos Pantheon Photos]<br>{{pkg|pantheon-photos}} || [https://launchpad.net/audience Audience]<br>{{pkg|audience}} || [[Epiphany]]<br>{{pkg|epiphany}} || [[LightDM]] Pantheon&nbsp;Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-pantheon-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Papyros]] || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{Pkg|qt5-base}} || Green Island<br>{{AUR|greenisland}} || Papyros Shell<br>{{AUR|papyros-shell}} || Papyros Terminal<br>{{Pkg|papyros-terminal}} || Papyros Files<br>{{Pkg|papyros-files}} || Liri Calculator<br>{{AUR?|liri-calculator-git}} || Liri Text<br>{{AUR?|liri-text-git}} || Liri Browser<br>{{AUR|liri-browser}} || Liri Player<br>{{AUR|liri-player-git}} || Liri Browser<br>{{AUR|liri-browser}} || SDDM<br>{{Pkg|sddm}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Sugar]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Wikipedia:Metacity|Metacity]]<br>{{pkg|metacity}} || Sugar<br>{{AUR|sugar}} || Terminal<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-terminal}} || Sugar Journal<br>{{AUR|sugar}} || Calculate<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-calculate}} || Write<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-write}} || ImageViewer<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-imageviewer}} || Jukebox<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-jukebox}} || Browse<br>{{AUR|sugar-activity-browse}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| theShell || [[Qt]] 5<br>{{pkg|qt5-base}} || [[Wikipedia:KWin|KWin]]<br>{{pkg|kwin}} || theShell<br>{{AUR|theshell}} || theTerminal<br>{{AUR|theterminal}} || theFile<br>{{AUR|thefile}} || [http://www.kde.org/applications/utilities/kcalc/ KCalc]<br>{{pkg|kcalc}} || [http://kate-editor.org/ KWrite/Kate]<br>{{pkg|kwrite}} {{pkg|kate}} || [http://gwenview.sourceforge.net/ Gwenview]<br>{{pkg|gwenview}} || theMedia<br>{{AUR|themedia}} || theWeb<br>{{AUR|theweb}} || [[LightDM]] Contemporary Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-webkit-theme-contemporary}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Trinity]] || TQt || TWin || Kicker || Konsole || Konqueror || KCalc || Kwrite / Kate || Kuickshow || Kaffeine || Konqueror || TDM<br />
|-<br />
| [[Unity]] || [[GTK+]] 3<br>{{pkg|gtk3}} || [[Compiz]]<br>{{AUR|compiz-ubuntu}} || [[Unity]] || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Terminal|GNOME&nbsp;Terminal]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-terminal}} || [[GNOME Files]]<br>{{Pkg|nautilus}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Calculator|GNOME Calculator]]<br>{{pkg|gnome-calculator}} || [[gedit]]<br>{{pkg|gedit}} || [[Wikipedia:Eye of GNOME|Eye&nbsp;of&nbsp;GNOME]]<br>{{pkg|eog}} || [[Wikipedia:GNOME Videos|GNOME Videos]]<br>{{pkg|totem}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] Unity Greeter<br>{{AUR|lightdm-unity-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
| [[Xfce]] || [[GTK+]] 2/3<br>{{pkg|gtk2}} {{pkg|gtk3}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfwm4/start Xfwm4]<br>{{pkg|xfwm4}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfce4-panel/start Xfce Panel]<br>{{pkg|xfce4-panel}} || [http://www.xfce.org/projects/terminal Terminal]<br>{{pkg|xfce4-terminal}} || [[Thunar]]<br>{{pkg|thunar}} || [http://galculator.sourceforge.net/ Galculator]<br>{{Pkg|galculator}} || Mousepad<br>{{pkg|mousepad}} || [http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/ristretto Ristretto]<br>{{pkg|ristretto}} || [http://docs.xfce.org/apps/parole/start Parole]<br>{{pkg|parole}} || [[Firefox]]<br>{{Pkg|firefox}} || [[LightDM]] GTK+ Greeter<br>{{pkg|lightdm-gtk-greeter}}<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
=== Resource use ===<br />
<br />
In terms of system resources, GNOME and KDE are ''expensive'' desktop environments. Not only do complete installations consume more disk space than lightweight alternatives (Enlightenment, LXDE, LXQt and Xfce) but also more CPU and memory resources while in use. This is because GNOME and KDE are relatively ''full-featured'': they provide the most complete and well-integrated environments.<br />
<br />
Enlightenment, LXDE, LXQt and Xfce, on the other hand, are ''lightweight'' desktop environments. They are designed to work well on older or lower-power hardware and generally consume fewer system resources while in use. This is achieved by cutting back on ''extra'' features (which some would term ''bloat'').<br />
<br />
== Custom environments ==<br />
<br />
Desktop environments represent the simplest means of installing a ''complete'' graphical environment. However, users are free to build and customize their graphical environment in any number of ways if none of the popular desktop environments meet their requirements. Generally, building a custom environment involves selection of a suitable [[window manager]], a [[List of applications#Taskbars / panels / docks|taskbar]] and a number of applications (a minimalist selection usually includes a [[terminal emulator]], [[List of applications#File managers|file manager]], and [[text editor]]).<br />
<br />
Other applications that are usually provided by desktop environments are:<br />
<br />
* Application launcher: [[List of applications#Application launchers]]<br />
* Clipboard manager: [[Clipboard#List of clipboard managers]]<br />
* Desktop compositor: [[Xorg#Composite]]<br />
* Desktop wallpaper setter and desktop icon: [[List of applications#Wallpaper setters]] and [[Openbox#Icon programs]]<br />
* Display manager: [[Display manager#List of display managers]]<br />
* Display power saving settings: [[Display Power Management Signaling]]<br />
* Logout dialogue: [[List of applications#Logout dialogue]]<br />
* Mount tool: [[List of applications#Mount tools]]<br />
* Notification daemon: [[Desktop notifications]]<br />
* Polkit authentication agent: [[Polkit#Authentication agents]]<br />
* Screen locker: [[List of applications#Screen lockers]]<br />
* Sound volume manager: [[List of applications#Volume managers]]<br />
<br />
=== Custom window manager ===<br />
<br />
In many desktop environments, it is possible to replace the supplied window manager. See below for instructions specific to your environment.<br />
<br />
;GNOME<br />
<br />
Alternative window managers cannot be used with GNOME Shell however [[GNOME Flashback]] provides sessions for Metacity and [[Compiz]]. Furthermore, it is possible to define your own [[GNOME/Tips and tricks#Custom GNOME sessions|custom GNOME sessions]] which use alternative components.<br />
<br />
;Cinnamon<br />
<br />
Alternative window managers cannot be used with [[Cinnamon]].<br />
<br />
;Other desktop environments<br />
<br />
* KDE - See [[KDE#Using an alternative window manager]].<br />
<br />
* MATE - See [[MATE#Use a different window manager with MATE]].<br />
<br />
* Xfce - See [[Xfce#Default window manager]].<br />
<br />
* LXDE - See [[LXDE#Replace Openbox]].<br />
<br />
* LXQt - See [[LXQt#Replace Openbox]].<br />
<br />
* Budgie - See [[Budgie Desktop#Replace Budgie WM]].</div>Vicr123