https://wiki.archlinux.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Z33ky&feedformat=atomArchWiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T20:25:31ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.41.0https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=PulseAudio/Examples&diff=303471PulseAudio/Examples2014-03-07T11:34:37Z<p>Z33ky: /* PulseAudio from within a chroot (e.g. 32-bit chroot in 64-bit install) */ mention XDG_RUNTIME_DIR</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Audio/Video]]<br />
[[it:PulseAudio/Examples]]<br />
== Defaulting to an analog output source ==<br />
{{Note| To list devices, aplay is used. This program is part of the {{Pkg|alsa-utils}} package and is NOT required to output to multiple sources. It is required to list playback devices therefore users can remove this package when finished with it.}}<br />
<br />
To select an alternative source as the default output (for example, analog), first list all sources:<br />
{{bc|$ aplay -l<br />
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****<br />
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC889A Analog [ALC889A Analog]<br />
Subdevices: 0/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: ALC889A Digital [ALC889A Digital]<br />
Subdevices: 1/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]<br />
Subdevices: 0/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0}}<br />
<br />
On this machine, the analog source is card 0, device 0. Edit {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}} and append the following to add the analog source:<br />
load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:0,0<br />
<br />
Determine the correct index of the new source:<br />
$ pacmd list-sinks | less<br />
<br />
Note the index number that corresponds to the 'alsa_output.hw_0_0' sink.<br />
<br />
Finally, add a 2nd line to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}} defining the analog output to be used by default:<br />
set-default-sink 2<br />
<br />
Either logout/login or restart PulseAudio manually for these changes to take effect.<br />
<br />
== Simultaneous HDMI and analog output ==<br />
PulseAudio allows for simultaneous output to multiple sources. In this example, some applications are configured to use HDMI while others are configured to use analog. Multiple applications are able to receive audio at the same time.<br />
{{bc|$ aplay -l<br />
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****<br />
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC889A Analog [ALC889A Analog]<br />
Subdevices: 0/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: ALC889A Digital [ALC889A Digital]<br />
Subdevices: 1/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]<br />
Subdevices: 0/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0}}<br />
<br />
The key to a configuration like this is to understand that whatever is selected in pavucontrol under Configuration>Internal AUdio is the default device. Load pavucontrol>Configuration and select HDMI as the profile. <br />
<br />
Add the following to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}} to setup the analog as a secondary source:<br />
### Load analog device<br />
load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:0,0<br />
load-module module-combine-sink sink_name=combined<br />
set-default-sink combined<br />
<br />
Restart PulseAudio, run pavucontrol and select the "Output Devices" tab. Three settings should be displayed:<br />
# Internal Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI)<br />
# Internal Audio<br />
# Simultaneous output to Internal Audio Digital Stereo (HDMI), Internal Audio<br />
<br />
Now start a program that will use PulseAudio such as MPlayer, VLC, mpd, etc. and switch to the "Playback" tab. A drop-down list should be available for the running program to select one of the three sources.<br />
<br />
Also see [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=118026 this thread] for a variation on this theme and [http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/FAQ#Can_I_use_PulseAudio_to_playback_music_on_two_sound_cards_simultaneously.3F PulseAudio FAQ].<br />
<br />
==HDMI output configuration==<br />
As outlined in ftp://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/gpu-hdmi-audio-document/gpu-hdmi-audio.html#_issues_in_pulseaudio unless the HDMI port is the first<br />
output, PulseAudio will not be able to have any audio when using certain graphics cards with HDMI audio support. This is because of a bug in PulseAudio where it will only select the first HDMI output on a device. A work around posted further down is to first find which HDMI output is working by using the aplay utility from ALSA.<br />
<br />
The original title for this section indicated the problem is specific to nVidia cards. As seen in [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=133222 this forum thread] other cards are affected as well. The rest of the section will use an nVidia card as a case-study but the solution should carry over for people using other affected cards.<br />
<br />
===Finding HDMI output===<br />
Then find the working output by listing the available cards<br />
# aplay -l<br />
<br />
sample output:<br />
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****<br />
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 0: ALC1200 Analog [ALC1200 Analog]<br />
Subdevices: 1/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 0: NVidia [HDA NVidia], device 3: ALC1200 Digital [ALC1200 Digital]<br />
Subdevices: 1/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 1: NVidia_1 [HDA NVidia], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]<br />
Subdevices: 1/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 1: NVidia_1 [HDA NVidia], device 7: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]<br />
Subdevices: 0/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 1: NVidia_1 [HDA NVidia], device 8: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]<br />
Subdevices: 1/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
card 1: NVidia_1 [HDA NVidia], device 9: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]<br />
Subdevices: 1/1<br />
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0<br />
<br />
===Testing for the correct card===<br />
Now a list of the detected cards is known, users will need to test for which one is outputting to the TV/monitor<br />
# aplay -D plughw:1,3 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Right.wav<br />
<br />
where 1 is the card and 3 is the device substitute in the values listed from the previous section. If there is no audio, then try substituting a different device (on my card I had to use card 1 device 7)<br />
<br />
===Manually configuring PulseAudio to detect the Nvidia HDMI===<br />
Having identified which HDMI device is working, PulseAudio can be forced to use it via an edit to {{bc|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}:<br />
# load-module module-alsa-sink device=hw:1,7<br />
<br />
where the 1 is the card and the 7 is the deivce found to work in the previous section<br />
<br />
restart pulse audio<br />
# killall pulseaudio<br />
<br />
open the sound settings manager, make sure that under the hardware tab the graphics cards HDMI audio is set to "Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output" ( My graphics card audio is called "GF100 High Definition Audio Controller"<br />
<br />
Then, open the output tab. There should now be two HDMI outputs for the graphics card. Test which one works by selecting one of them, and then using a program to play audio. For example, use VLC to play a movie, and if it does not work, then select the other.<br />
<br />
==Surround sound systems==<br />
Many people have a surround sound card, but have speakers for just two channels, so PulseAudio cannot really default to a surround sound setup. To enable all of the channels, edit {{ic|/etc/pulse/daemon.conf}}: uncomment the default-sample-channels line (i.e. remove the semicolon from the beginning of the line) and set the value to '''6'''. For a ''5.1'' setup, or '''8''' for a ''7.1'' setup etc.<br />
# Default<br />
default-sample-channels=2<br />
# For 5.1<br />
default-sample-channels=6<br />
# For 7.1<br />
default-sample-channels=8<br />
<br />
After doing the edit, restart PulseAudio.<br />
<br />
===Splitting front/rear===<br />
Connect speakers to front analog output and headphones to rear output. It would be useful to split front/rear to separate sinks. Add to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}:<br />
<br />
load-module module-remap-sink sink_name=speakers remix=no master=alsa_output.pci-0000_05_00.0.analog-surround-40 channels=2 master_channel_map=front-left,front-right channel_map=front-left,front-right<br />
load-module module-remap-sink sink_name=headphones remix=no master=alsa_output.pci-0000_05_00.0.analog-surround-40 channels=2 master_channel_map=rear-left,rear-right channel_map=front-left,front-right<br />
<br />
(replace alsa_output.pci-0000_05_00.0.analog-surround-40 in the sound card name shown from 'pacmd list-sinks')<br />
<br />
Switch player between speakers and headphones.<br />
<br />
===LFE remixing===<br />
By default, PulseAudio remixes the number of channels to the default-sample-channels; however, it dose not do this for the LFE channel. To enable LFE remixing, uncomment the line:<br />
<br />
; enable-lfe-remixing = no<br />
<br />
and replace no with yes:<br />
<br />
enable-lfe-remixing = yes<br />
<br />
then restart Pulseaudio.<br />
<br />
==PulseAudio over network==<br />
One of PulseAudio's unique features is its ability to stream audio from clients over TCP to a server running the PulseAudio daemon reliably within a LAN.<br />
<br />
To accomplish this, one needs to enable module-native-protocol-tcp. <br />
<br />
===TCP support (networked sound)===<br />
To enable the TCP module, add this to (or uncomment, if already there) {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}} on both the client and server:<br />
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp<br />
<br />
For this to work, it is a requirement that both the client and server share the same cookie. Ensure that the clients and server share the same cookie file found under {{ic|~/.config/pulse/cookie}}. It does not matter whose cookie file you use (the server or a client's), just that the server and client(s) share the same one.<br />
<br />
Note: If experiencing trouble connecting, use (on server)<br />
pacmd list-modules<br />
<br />
===TCP support with anonymous clients===<br />
If it is undesirable to copy the cookie file from clients, anonymous clients can access the server by giving these parameters to module-native-protocol-tcp on the server (again in {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}):<br />
<br />
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp auth-ip-acl=127.0.0.1;192.168.0.0/24 auth-anonymous=1<br />
<br />
Change the LAN IP subnet to match that of the those clients you wish to have access to the server.<br />
<br />
===Zeroconf (Avahi) publishing===<br />
For the remote PulseAudio server to appear in the PulseAudio Device Chooser ({{ic|pasystray}}), load the appropriate zeroconf modules, and enable the [[Avahi]] [[daemon]].<br />
<br />
On both machines, run:<br />
$ systemctl start avahi-daemon<br />
$ systemctl enable avahi-daemon<br />
On the server, add {{ic|load-module module-zeroconf-publish}} to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}, on the client, add {{ic|load-module module-zeroconf-discover}} to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}. Now redirect any stream or complete audio output to the remote PulseAudio server by selecting the appropriate sink.<br />
<br />
If you have issues with the remote syncs appearing on the client, try restarting the Avahi daemon on the server to rebroadcast the available interfaces.<br />
<br />
===Switching the PulseAudio server used by local X clients===<br />
To switch between servers on the client from within X, the {{ic|pax11publish}} command can be used. For example, to switch from the default server to the server at hostname foo:<br />
$ pax11publish -e -S foo<br />
<br />
Or to switch back to the default:<br />
$ pax11publish -e -r<br />
<br />
Note that for the switch to become apparent, the programs using Pulse must be restarted.<br />
<br />
===When everything else seems to fail===<br />
The following is a quick fix and NOT a permanent solution<br />
<br />
On the server:<br />
$ paprefs <br />
Go to Network Access -> Enable access to local sound devices (Also check both 'Allow discover' and 'Don't require authentication').<br />
<br />
On the client:<br />
$ export PULSE_SERVER=server.ip && mplayer test.mp3<br />
<br />
==ALSA monitor source==<br />
To be able to record from a monitor source (a.k.a. "What-U-Hear", "Stereo Mix"), use {{ic|pactl list}} to find out the name of the source in PulseAudio (e.g. {{ic|alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor}}). Then add lines like the following to {{ic|/etc/asound.conf}} or {{ic|~/.asoundrc}}:<br />
pcm.pulse_monitor {<br />
type pulse<br />
device alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor<br />
}<br />
<br />
ctl.pulse_monitor {<br />
type pulse<br />
device alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor<br />
}<br />
<br />
Now you can select {{ic|pulse_monitor}} as a recording source.<br />
<br />
Alternatively, you can use pavucontrol to do this: make sure you have set up the display to "All input devices", then select "Monitor of [your sound card]" as the recording source.<br />
<br />
==PulseAudio through JACK==<br />
===The new new way===<br />
This configuration only works with jackdbus (JACK2 compiled with D-Bus support). Add to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}:<br />
load-module module-jackdbus-detect<br />
As described on the [http://trac.jackaudio.org/wiki/JackDbusPackaging Jack-DBUS Packaging] page:<br />
<br />
''Server auto-launching is implemented as D-Bus call that auto-activates JACK D-Bus service, in case it is not already started, and starts the JACK server. Correct interaction with PulseAudio is done using a D-Bus based audio card "acquire/release" mechanism. When JACK server starts, it asks this D-Bus service to acquire the audio card and PulseAudio will unconditionally release it. When JACK server stops, it releases the audio card that can be grabbed again by PulseAudio.''<br />
<br />
{{ic|module-jackdbus-detect.so}} dynamically loads and unloads module-jack-sink and module-jack-source when jackdbus is started and stopped.<br />
<br />
If PulseAudio sound does not work, check with {{ic|pavucontrol}} to see if the relevant programs appear in the playback tab. If not, add the following to {{ic|~/.asound.conf}} or {{ic|/etc/asound.conf}} to redirect ALSA to PulseAudio:<br />
<br />
pcm.pulse {<br />
type pulse<br />
}<br />
<br />
ctl.pulse {<br />
type pulse<br />
}<br />
<br />
pcm.!default {<br />
type pulse<br />
}<br />
ctl.!default {<br />
type pulse<br />
}<br />
<br />
If it still does not work, check with {{ic|pavucontrol}} in the playback tab and make sure the relevant programs are outputting to PulseAudio JACK Sink instead of your audio card (which JACK has control of, so it will not work).<br />
<br />
===The new way===<br />
The basic idea is that killing PulseAudio is a bad idea because it may crash any apps using PulseAudio and disrupt any audio playing.<br />
<br />
The flow of how this setup works:<br />
<br />
# PulseAudio releases the sound card<br />
# JACK grabs sound card and starts up<br />
# script redirects PulseAudio to JACK<br />
# manually send PulseAudio apps to JACK output (pavucontrol may come in helpful for this)<br />
# use JACK programs etc<br />
# via script, stop redirecting PulseAudio to JACK<br />
# stop JACK and release sound card<br />
# PulseAudio grabs sound card and reroutes audio to it directly<br />
<br />
With QJackCTL, set up these scripts:<br />
<br />
{{ic|pulse-jack-pre-start.sh}} set it up as the execute script on startup script<br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
pacmd suspend true<br />
<br />
{{ic|pulse-jack-post-start.sh}} set this one up as execute script after startup<br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
pactl load-module module-jack-sink channels=2<br />
pactl load-module module-jack-source channels=2<br />
pacmd set-default-sink jack_out<br />
pacmd set-default-source jack_in<br />
<br />
{{ic|pulse-jack-pre-stop.sh}} "execute script on shutdown"<br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
SINKID=$(pactl list | grep -B 1 "Name: module-jack-sink" | grep Module | sed 's/[^0-9]//g')<br />
SOURCEID=$(pactl list | grep -B 1 "Name: module-jack-source" | grep Module | sed 's/[^0-9]//g')<br />
pactl unload-module $SINKID<br />
pactl unload-module $SOURCEID<br />
sleep 5<br />
<br />
{{ic|pulse-jack-post-stop.sh}} "execute script after shutdown"<br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
pacmd suspend false<br />
<br />
===The old way===<br />
The JACK-Audio-Connection-Kit is popular for audio work, and is widely supported by Linux audio applications. It fills a similar niche as PulseAudio, but with more of an emphasis on professional audio work. In particular, audio applications such as Ardour and Audacity (recently) work well with Jack.<br />
<br />
PulseAudio provides module-jack-source and module-jack-sink which allow PulseAudio to be run as a sound server above the JACK daemon. This allows the usage of per-volume adjustments and the like for the apps which need it, play-back apps for movies and audio, while allowing low-latency and inter-app connectivity for sound-processing apps which connect to JACK. However, this will prevent PulseAudio from directly writing to the sound card buffers, which will increase overall CPU usage.<br />
<br />
To just try PA on top of JACK, have PA load the necessary modules on start:<br />
pulseaudio -L module-jack-sink -L module-jack-source<br />
<br />
To use PulseAudio with JACK, JACK must be started before PulseAudio, using whichever method one prefers. PulseAudio then needs to be started loading the two relevant modules. Edit {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}, and change the following region:<br />
### Load audio drivers statically (it is probably better to not load<br />
### these drivers manually, but instead use module-hal-detect --<br />
### see below -- for doing this automatically)<br />
#load-module module-alsa-sink<br />
#load-module module-alsa-source device=hw:1,0<br />
#load-module module-oss device="/dev/dsp" sink_name=output source_name=input<br />
#load-module module-oss-mmap device="/dev/dsp" sink_name=output source_name=input<br />
#load-module module-null-sink<br />
#load-module module-pipe-sink<br />
<br />
### Automatically load driver modules depending on the hardware available<br />
.ifexists module-udev-detect.so<br />
load-module module-udev-detect<br />
.else<br />
### Alternatively use the static hardware detection module (for systems that<br />
### lack udev support)<br />
load-module module-detect<br />
.endif<br />
<br />
to the following:<br />
### Load audio drivers statically (it is probably better to not load<br />
### these drivers manually, but instead use module-hal-detect --<br />
### see below -- for doing this automatically)<br />
#load-module module-alsa-sink<br />
#load-module module-alsa-source device=hw:1,0<br />
#load-module module-oss device="/dev/dsp" sink_name=output source_name=input<br />
#load-module module-oss-mmap device="/dev/dsp" sink_name=output source_name=input<br />
#load-module module-null-sink<br />
#load-module module-pipe-sink<br />
load-module module-jack-source<br />
load-module module-jack-sink<br />
<br />
### Automatically load driver modules depending on the hardware available<br />
#.ifexists module-udev-detect.so<br />
#load-module module-udev-detect<br />
#.else<br />
### Alternatively use the static hardware detection module (for systems that<br />
### lack udev support)<br />
#load-module module-detect<br />
#.endif<br />
<br />
Basically, this prevents module-udev-detect from loading. module-udev-detect will always try to grab the sound card (JACK has already done that, so this will cause an error). Also, the JACK source and sink must be explicitly loaded.<br />
<br />
====QjackCtl with start-up/shutdown scripts====<br />
Using the settings listed above, use QjackCtl to execute a script upon startup and shutdown to load/unload PulseAudio. Part of the reason users may wish to do this is that the above changes disable PulseAudio's automatic hardware detection modules. This particular setup is for using PulseAudio in an exclusive fashion with JACK, though the scripts could be modified to unload and load an alternate non-JACK setup, but killing and starting PulseAudio while programs might be using it would become problematic.<br />
<br />
{{Note|padevchooser in the following example is deprecated. It is replaced by pasystray}}<br />
<br />
The following example could be used and modified as necessary as a startup script that daemonizes PulseAudio and loads the ''padevchooser'' program (optional, needs to be built from AUR) called {{ic|jack_startup}}:<br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
#Load PulseAudio and PulseAudio Device Chooser<br />
<br />
pulseaudio -D<br />
padevchooser&<br />
<br />
as well as a shutdown script to kill PulseAudio and the Pulse Audio Device Chooser, as another example called {{ic|jack_shutdown}} also in the home directory:<br />
#!/bin/bash<br />
#Kill PulseAudio and PulseAudio Device Chooser<br />
<br />
pulseaudio --kill<br />
killall padevchooser<br />
<br />
Both scripts need to be made executable:<br />
chmod +x jack_startup jack_shutdown<br />
<br />
then with QjackCtl loaded, click on the ''Setup'' button and then the ''Options'' tab and tick both "Execute Script after Startup:" And "Execute Script on Shutdown:" and put either use the ... button or type the path to the scripts (assuming the scripts are in the home directory) {{ic|~/jack_startup}} and {{ic|~/jack_shutdown}} making sure to save the changes.<br />
<br />
==PulseAudio through OSS==<br />
Add the following to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}:<br />
load-module module-oss<br />
<br />
Then start PulseAudio as usual, making sure that sinks and sources are defined for OSS devices.<br />
<br />
==PulseAudio from within a chroot (e.g. 32-bit chroot in 64-bit install)==<br />
Since a chroot sets up an alternative root for the running/jailing of applications, PulseAudio must be installed within the chroot itself ({{ic|pacman -S pulseaudio}} within the chroot environment).<br />
<br />
PulseAudio, if not set up to connect to any specific server (this can be done in {{ic|/etc/pulse/client.conf}}, through the PULSE_SERVER environment variable, or through publishing to the local X11 properties using module-x11-publish), will attempt to connect to the local pulse server, failing which it will spawn a new pulse server. Each pulse server has a unique ID based on the machine-id value in {{ic|/var/lib/dbus}}. To allow for chrooted apps to access the pulse server, the following directories must be mounted within the chroot:-<br />
/var/run<br />
/var/lib/dbus<br />
/tmp<br />
~/.pulse<br />
<br />
{{ic|/dev/shm}} should also be mounted for efficiency and good performance. Note that mounting /home would normally also allow sharing of the {{ic|~/.pulse}} folder.<br />
<br />
PulseAudio selects the path to the socket via XDG_RUNTIME_DIR, so be sure to drag it along when you chroot as a normal user using [[sudo]] (see [[Sudo#Environment_variables]]).<br />
<br />
For specific direction on accomplishing the appropriate mounts, please refer to the wiki on installing a bundled 32-bit system, especially the [[Install_bundled_32-bit_system_in_Arch64#Allowing_32-bit_applications_access_to_64-bit_PulseAudio|additional section]] specific to PulseAudio.<br />
<br />
==Disabling automatic spawning of PulseAudio server==<br />
Some users may prefer to manually start the PulseAudio server before running certain programs and then stop the PulseAudio server when they are finished. A simple way to accomplish this is to edit {{ic|/etc/pulse/client.conf}} and change {{ic|1=autospawn = yes}} to {{ic|1=autospawn = no}}, and set {{ic|1=daemon-binary = /bin/true}}. Make sure the two lines are uncommented as well.<br />
{{hc|/etc/pulse/client.conf|<nowiki><br />
autospawn = no<br />
daemon-binary = /bin/true <br />
</nowiki>}}<br />
Now you can manually start the pulseaudio server with<br />
$ pulseaudio --start<br />
and stop it with<br />
$ pulseaudio --kill<br />
You may also have to move or delete a .desktop file in {{ic|/etc/xdg/autostart}} if it exists.<br />
<br />
==Remap stereo to mono==<br />
Remap a stereo input-sink to a mono sink by creating a virtual sink. It would be useful if you only have one speaker. Add to {{ic|/etc/pulse/default.pa}}:<br />
<br />
load-module module-remap-sink master=alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.5.analog-stereo sink_name=mono channels=2 channel_map=mono,mono<br />
# Optiona: Select new remap as default<br />
set-default-sink mono<br />
<br />
(replace alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.5.analog-stereo in the sound card name shown from {{ic|pacmd list-sinks}})<br />
<br />
Switch player between virtual mono sink and real stereo sink.</div>Z33ky