Firefox: Difference between revisions

VisualWikitext

Revision as of 07:05, 21 August 2018

Firefox is a popular open source graphical web browser from Mozilla.

Installing

Firefox can be installed with the firefox package.

Other alternatives include:

Firefox Developer Edition — for developers

https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/developer/ || firefox-developer-edition

Firefox Extended Support Release — long-term supported version

https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/organizations/ || firefox-esr^AUR or firefox-esr-bin^AUR

Firefox Beta — cutting-edge version

https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/channel/desktop/#beta || firefox-beta^AUR or firefox-beta-bin^AUR

Firefox Nightly — nightly builds for testing (experimental features)

https://www.mozilla.org/firefox/channel/desktop/#nightly || firefox-nightly^AUR

Firefox KDE — Version of Firefox that incorporates an OpenSUSE patch for better KDE integration than is possible through simple Firefox plugins.

https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/mozilla:Factory/MozillaFirefox || firefox-kde-opensuse^AUR

On top of the different Mozilla build channels, a number of forks exist with more or less special features; see List of applications#Gecko-based.

A number of language packs are available for Firefox, other than the standard English. Language packs are usually named as firefox-i18n-languagecode (where languagecode can be any language code, such as de, ja, fr, etc.). For a list of available language packs see firefox-i18n for firefox and firefox-developer-edition-i18n for firefox-developer-edition.

Add-ons

Firefox is well known for its large library of add-ons which can be used to add new features or modify the behavior of existing features. Firefox's "Add-ons Manager" is used to manage installed add-ons or find new ones.

For a list of popular add-ons, see Mozilla's add-on list sorted by popularity. See also List of Firefox extensions on Wikipedia.

Adding search engines

Search engines can be added to Firefox through normal add-ons, see this page for a list of available search engines.

A very extensive list of search engines can be found at the Mycroft Project.

Also, you can use the add-to-searchbar extension to add a search to your search bar from any web site, by simply right clicking on the site's search field and selecting Add to Search Bar...

arch-firefox-search

Install the arch-firefox-search package to add Arch-specific searches (AUR, wiki, forum, etc, as specified by user) to the Firefox search toolbar.

Configuration

Firefox exposes a number of configuration options. To examine them, enter in the Firefox address bar:

about:config

Once set, these affect the user's current profile, and may be synchronized across all devices via Firefox Sync. Please note that only a subset of the about:config entries are synchronized by this method, and the exact subset may be found by searching for services.sync.prefs in about:config. Additional preferences and third party preferences may be synchronized by creating new boolean entries prepending the config value with services.sync.prefs.sync (documentation is still applicable.) To synchronize the whitelist for the extension NoScript:

services.sync.prefs.sync.capability.policy.maonoscript.sites

The boolean noscript.sync.enabled must be set to true to synchronize the remainder of NoScript's preferences via Firefox Sync.

Firefox also allows configuration for a profile via a user.js file: user.js kept in the profile folder, usually ~/.mozilla/firefox/xxxxxxxx.default/. For a useful starting point, see e.g custom user.js which is targeted at privacy/security conscious users.

One drawback of the above approach is that it is not applied system-wide. Furthermore, this is not useful as a "pre-configuration", since the profile directory is created after first launch of the browser. You can, however, let firefox create a new profile and, after closing it again, copy the contents of an already created profile folder into it.

Sometimes it may be desired to lock certain settings, a feature useful in widespread deployments of customized Firefox. In order to create a system-wide configuration, follow the steps outlined in Locking preferences:

1. Create /usr/lib/firefox/defaults/pref/local-settings.js:

pref("general.config.obscure_value", 0);
pref("general.config.filename", "mozilla.cfg");

2. Create /usr/lib/firefox/mozilla.cfg (this stores the actual configuration):

//
//...your settings...
// e.g to disable Pocket, uncomment the following line
// lockPref("browser.pocket.enabled", false);

Please note that the first line must contain exactly //. The syntax of the file is similar to that of user.js.

Multimedia playback

Firefox uses FFmpeg for playing multimedia inside HTML5 <audio> and <video> elements. Go to YouTube's HTML5 page, video-test page or audio-test page to check which formats are actually supported.

HTML5 DRM playback is supported by the Google Widevine CDM, it is however not enabled by default. See Preferences > General > Digital Rights Management (DRM) Content if you want to learn more.

See Firefox/Tweaks#Enable additional media codecs for advanced configuration and enabling support for Widevine (Netflix, Amazon Video, etc.).

Starting with version 54, Firefox uses PulseAudio for audio playback and capture. For sound to work, you need to install the pulseaudio package.

In case, for whatever reason, PulseAudio is not an option for you, you can use apulse instead. To make this work, it is necessary to exclude /dev/snd/ from Firefox' sandboxing by adding it to the comma-separated list in about:config:

security.sandbox.content.write_path_whitelist

Note: The trailing slash on /dev/snd/ is important, otherwise apulse will report "Permission denied" errors.

If you are using Firefox 58 or above and have no audio even when using apulse, try adding 16 to security.sandbox.content.syscall_whitelist in about:config.

Open-with extension

Install Open-with add-on.
Open about:openwith, select Add...
In the dialog select a video streaming capable player (e.g. /usr/bin/mpv).
(Optional step) Add needed arguments to the player (e.g. you may want --force-window --ytdl for mpv)
(Optional step) Choose how to display the dialogs using the left panel.
Right click on links or visit pages containing videos. If the site is supported, the player will open as expected.

The same procedure can be used to associate video downloaders such as youtube-dl.

Dictionaries for spell checking

This article or section is out of date.

Reason: firefox since version 61.0-1 does not symlink dictionaries to /usr/lib/firefox/dictionaries/, it sets spellchecker.dictionary_path instead.[1] (Discuss in Talk:Firefox)

Install the hunspell package. You also need to install dictionaries for your language, such as hunspell-fr (for the French language) or hunspell-he (for Hebrew).

By default, Firefox will try to symlink all your hunspell dictionaries in /usr/lib/firefox/dictionaries/. If you want to have less dictionaries offered to you in Firefox, you can remove some of those links. Be aware that it may not stand an upgrade of Firefox.

To enable spell checking for a specific language right click on any text field and check the Check Spelling box. To select a language for spell checking to you have right click again and select your language from the Languages sub-menu.

To get more languages just click Add Dictionaries... and select the dictionary you want to install from the list.

When your default language choice does not stick, see #Firefox does not remember default spell check language.

KDE/GNOME integration

To bring the KDE look to GTK apps (including Firefox), install breeze-gtk and kde-gtk-config. Afterwards, go to System Settings > Application Style > GTK. Be sure to choose 'Breeze' in 'Select a GTK2/GTK3 Theme' and check 'Show icons in GTK buttons' and 'Show icons in GTK'.
To make the left mouse button warp the scrollbar instead of the middle one on KDE, go to System Settings > Application Style > GTK and set the checkbox for "Left mouse button warps scrollbar".
For integration with KDE mime type system and file dialog, one can use firefox-kde-opensuse^AUR variant from AUR with OpenSUSE’s patches applied.
Extensions/add-ons may provide additional integration, such as:
- Browser integration in Plasma: requires plasma-browser-integration and the plasma-integration add-on.
- mozilla-extension-gnome-keyring-git^AUR (all-JavaScript implementation) to integrate Firefox with GNOME Keyring. To make firefox-gnome-keyring use your login keychain, set extensions.gnome-keyring.keyringName to login in about:config. Note the lowercase 'l' despite the the keychain name having an uppercase 'L' in Seahorse.

Plugins

Note: Firefox has removed support for NPAPI plugins, except for Flash. Firefox ESR 52 (firefox-esr52^AUR) will support plugins until August 2018.

See the main article: Browser plugins

To find out what plugins are installed/enabled, enter:

about:plugins

in the Firefox address bar or go to the Add-ons entry in the Firefox Menu and select the Plugins tab.

Tips and tricks

For general enhancements see Firefox/Tweaks, for privacy related enhancements see Firefox/Privacy.

Screenshot of webpage

You can Take a Screenshot by either right-clicking on the webpage or clicking the Page actions button (the three horizontal dots) in the address bar. See [2] for more information.

Note: The Save button misleadingly uploads your screenshot to a firefox.com subdomain. Set extensions.screenshots.upload-disabled to true to disable this behaviour. [3]

Enabling privacy.resistFingerprinting apparently still breaks Firefox Screenshots in Firefox 61, even though the bug is marked as fixed.[4]

As an alternative you can use the full-page screenshot button in the Developer Tools, which you can open with F12; you might need to enable the button first.

Troubleshooting

Firefox startup takes very long

If Firefox takes much longer to start up than other browsers, it may be due to lacking configuration of the localhost in /etc/hosts. See Network configuration#Local network hostname resolution on how to set it up.

Font troubleshooting

See Font configuration.

Firefox has a setting which determines how many replacements it will allow from fontconfig. To allow it to use all your replacement-rules, change gfx.font_rendering.fontconfig.max_generic_substitutions to 127 (the highest possible value).

Setting an email client

Inside the browser, mailto links by default are opened by a web application such as Gmail or Yahoo Mail. To set an external email program, go to Preferences > Applications and modify the action corresponding to the mailto content type; the file path will need to be designated (e.g. /usr/bin/kmail for Kmail).

Outside the browser, mailto links are handled by the x-scheme-handler/mailto mime type, which can be easily configured with xdg-mime. See Default applications for details and alternatives.

File association

See Default applications.

Firefox keeps creating ~/Desktop even when this is not desired

Firefox uses ~/Desktop as the default place for download and upload files. To change it to another folder, set the XDG_DESKTOP_DIR option as explained in XDG user directories.

Make plugins respect blocked pop-ups

Some plugins can misbehave and bypass the default settings, such as the Flash plugin. You can prevent this by doing the following:

Type about:config into the address bar.
Right-click on the page and select New > Integer.
Name it privacy.popups.disable_from_plugins.
Set the value to 2.

The possible values are:

0: Allow all popups from plugins.
1: Allow popups, but limit them to dom.popup_maximum.
2: Block popups from plugins.
3: Block popups from plugins, even on whitelisted sites.

Middle-click errors

Note: This has been fixed in Firefox 57.[5]

A common error message you can get while using the middle mouse button in Firefox is:

The URL is not valid and cannot be loaded.

Another symptom is that middle-clicking results in unexpected behavior, like accessing a random web page. The reason stems from the use of the middle mouse buttons in UNIX-like operating systems. The middle mouse button is used to paste whatever text has been highlighted/added to the clipboard. Then there is the possibly conflicting feature in Firefox, which defaults to loading the URL of the corresponding text when the button is depressed. This can be disabled by setting middlemouse.contentLoadURL and middlemouse.paste to false in about:config.

To scroll on middle-click (default for Windows browsers) set general.autoScroll to true.

Backspace does not work as the 'Back' button

According to mozillaZine, the Backspace key was mapped based on which platform the browser was running on. As a compromise, this preference was created to allow the Backspace key to either go back/forward, scroll up/down a page, or do nothing.

To make Backspace behave like the back button and go back one page in the session history, set browser.backspace_action to 0 in about:config.

To have the Backspace key scroll up one page and Shift+Backspace scroll down one page, set browser.backspace_action to 1. Setting this property to any other value will leave the key unmapped (Arch Linux defaults to 2, in other words, it is unmapped by default).

Firefox does not remember login information

It may be due to a corrupted cookies.sqlite file in Firefox's profile folder. In order to fix this, just rename or remove cookie.sqlite while Firefox is not running.

Open a terminal of choice and type the following:

$ rm -f ~/.mozilla/firefox/<profile id>.default/cookies.sqlite

The profile id is a random 8 character string.

Restart Firefox and see if it solved the problem.

"Do you want Firefox to save your tabs for the next time it starts?" dialog does not appear

From the Mozilla support site:

Type about:config in the address bar.
Set browser.warnOnQuit to true.
Set browser.showQuitWarning to true.

Silently fails when installing desktop apps from marketplace

Installation of apps from Firefox OS Marketplace will silently fail if there is no ~/.local/share/applications folder.

Firefox detects the wrong version of my plugin

When you close Firefox, the latter saves the current timestamp and version of your plugins inside pluginreg.dat located in your profile folder, typically in ~/.mozilla/firefox/xxxxxxxx.default/.

If you upgraded your plugin when Firefox was still running, you will thus have the wrong information inside that file. The next time you will restart Firefox you will get that message Firefox has prevented the outdated plugin "XXXX" from running on ... when you will be trying to open content dedicated to that plugin on the web. This problem often appears with the official Adobe Flash Player plugin which has been upgraded while Firefox was still running.

The solution is to remove the file pluginreg.dat from your profile and that is it. Firefox will not complain about the missing file as it will be recreated the next time Firefox will be closed. [6]

Javascript context menu does not appear on some sites

In about:config, unset the dom.w3c_touch_events.enabled setting.

Firefox does not remember default spell check language

The default spell checking language can be set as follows:

Type about:config in the address bar.
Set spellchecker.dictionary to your language of choice, for instance en_GB.
Notice that the for dictionaries installed as a Firefox plugin the notation is en-GB, and for hunspell dictionaries the notation is en_GB.

When you only have system wide dictionaries installed with hunspell, Firefox might not remember your default dictionary language settings. This can be fixed by having at least one dictionary installed as a Firefox plugin. Notice that now you will also have a tab Dictionaries in add-ons.

Related questions on the StackExchange platform: [7], [8], [9]

Related bug reports: Bugzilla 776028, Ubuntu bug 1026869

Some MathML symbols are missing

You need some Math fonts, namely Latin Modern Math and STIX (see this MDN page: [10]), to display MathML correctly.

In Arch Linux, these fonts are provided by texlive-core and texlive-fontsextra, but they are not available to fontconfig by default. See TeX Live#Fonts for details. You can also try other Math fonts.

Tearing video in fullscreen mode

If you are using the Xorg Intel or Nouveau drivers and experience tearing video in fullscreen mode, try Firefox tweaks#Enable OpenGL Off-Main-Thread Compositing (OMTC).

Firefox ESR 52 looks bad

Firefox 52 does not support GTK+ >=3.20 and may look unsightly as a result. A possible resolution is compiling Firefox against GTK2 instead, see firefox-esr-gtk2^AUR.

Firefox WebRTC module cannot detect a microphone

WebRTC applications for instance Firefox WebRTC getUserMedia test page say that microphone cannot be found. Issue is reproducible for both ALSA or Pulseaudio setup. Firefox debug logs show the following error:

$ NSPR_LOG_MODULES=MediaManager:5,GetUserMedia:5 firefox

...
[Unnamed thread 0x7fd7c0654340]: D/GetUserMedia  VoEHardware:GetRecordingDeviceName: Failed 1

You can try setting media.navigator.audio.full_duplex property to false at about:config Firefox page and restart Firefox.

This can also help if you are using the PulseAudio module-echo-cancel, and Firefox does not recognise the virtual echo canceling source.

@@ Line 159: / Line 159: @@
 {{Note|The ''Save'' button misleadingly uploads your screenshot to a firefox.com subdomain. Set {{ic|extensions.screenshots.upload-disabled}} to {{ic|true}} to disable this behaviour. [https://github.com/mozilla-services/screenshots/issues/3503]}}
-{{Accuracy|That button doesn't seem to be enabled by default. The last sentence wrongly implies that the above method doesn't work when you block HTML canvas.}}
+Enabling {{ic|privacy.resistFingerprinting}} apparently still breaks Firefox Screenshots in Firefox 61, even though the bug is marked as fixed.[https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1412961]
-A fullpage screenshot can also be taken by pressing {{ic|F12}} for the Developer Tools where a camera button can be found. This does not require HTML canvas and should work if privacy measures have been taken.
+As an alternative you can use the full-page screenshot button in the ''Developer Tools'', which you can open with {{ic|F12}}; you might need to enable the button first.
 == Troubleshooting ==