Trusted Platform Module

Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is an international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor, which is a dedicated microprocessor designed to secure hardware by integrating cryptographic keys into devices.

In practice a TPM can be used for various different security applications such as secure boot and key storage.

TPM is naturally supported only on devices that have TPM hardware support. If your hardware has TPM support but it is not showing up, it might need to be enabled in the BIOS settings.

Versions

There are two very different TPM specifications: 1.2 and 2.0, which also use different software stacks.

- TPM 1.2 uses the "TrouSerS" TSS (TCG software stack) by IBM, which is packaged as trousers^AUR (tcsd) and tpm-tools^AUR (userspace). All software access the TPM through the tcsd daemon.

- TPM 2.0 allows direct access via /dev/tpm0 (one client at a time), managed access through the tpm2-abrmd resource manager daemon, or kernel-managed access via /dev/tpmrm0. There are two choices of userspace tools, tpm2-tools by Intel and ibm-tss^AUR by IBM.

TPM 2.0 requires UEFI (native); BIOS or CSM systems can only use TPM 1.2.

Some TPM chips can be switched between 1.2 and 2.0 through a firmware upgrade (which can be done only a limited number of times).

Using TPM 1.2

Drivers

TPM drivers are natively supported in modern kernels, but might need to be loaded:

# modprobe tpm

Depending on your chipset, you might also need to load one of the following:

# modprobe tpm_{atmel,bios,infineon,nsc,tis,crb}

Usage

TPM 1.2 is managed by tcsd, a userspace daemon that manages Trusted Computing resources and should be (according to the TSS spec) the only portal to the TPM device driver. tcsd is part of the trousers^AUR AUR package, which was created and released by IBM, and can be configured via /etc/tcsd.conf.

To start tcsd and watch the output, run:

# tcsd -f

or simply start and enable tcsd.service.

Once tcsd is running you might also want to install tpm-tools^AUR which provides many of the command line tools for managing the TPM.

Some other tools of interest:

• tpmmanager — A Qt front-end to tpm-tools

http://sourceforge.net/projects/tpmmanager || tpmmanager^AUR

• openssl_tpm_engine — OpenSSL engine which interfaces with the TSS API

http://sourceforge.net/projects/trousers || openssl_tpm_engine^{AUR[broken link: archived in aur-mirror]}

• tpm_keyring2 — A key manager for TPM based eCryptfs keys

http://sourceforge.net/projects/trousers || tpm_keyring2^{AUR[broken link: archived in aur-mirror]}

• opencryptoki — A PKCS#11 implementation for Linux. It includes drivers and libraries to enable IBM cryptographic hardware as well as a software token for testing.

http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencryptoki || opencryptoki^AUR

Basics

Start off by getting basic version info:

$ tpm_version

and running a selftest:

$ tpm_selftest -l info
 TPM Test Results: 00000000 ...
 tpm_selftest succeeded

Securing SSH Keys

There are several methods to use TPM to secure keys, but here we show a simple method based on simple-tpm-pk11-git^AUR.

First, create a new directory and generate the key:

$ mkdir ~/.simple-tpm-pk11
$ stpm-keygen -o ~/.simple-tpm-pk11/my.key

Point the config to the key:

~/.simple-tpm-pk11/config

key my.key

Now configure SSH to use the right PKCS11 provider:

~/.ssh/config

Host *
    PKCS11Provider /usr/lib/libsimple-tpm-pk11.so

It's now possible to generate keys with the PKCS11 provider:

$ ssh-keygen -D /usr/lib/libsimple-tpm-pk11.so

Note: This method currently does not allow for multiple keys to be generated and used.

Troubleshooting

tcsd.service failed to start

The tcsd.service service may not start correctly due to permission issues.[1]. It is possible to fix this using:

# chown tss:tss /dev/tpm*
# chown -R tss:tss /var/lib/tpm

See also

• TPM on Wikipedia
• Protecting systems with the TPM
• Embedded Security Subsystem on Thinkwiki
• TPM Fundamentals (PDF)