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| − | [[Category:X Server (English)]]
| + | #REDIRECT [[Multihead]] |
| − | {{i18n|DualScreen}}
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| − | {{Merge|Multihead|DualScreen is only a specific case of Multihead.|Talk:Multihead#Merge with DualScreen}}
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| − | == Background ==
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| − | Xwindows drives the underlying graphical interface of most if not all Unix/Linux computers providing a GUI. [[Wikipedia:Xwindows | It was developed in 1984 at MIT.]] After around 35 years of development, tweaking and adding of new hardware and ideas, it is generally acknowledged to be a bit of a beast. It should be remembered that the common configuration at time of development was a single mini running X providing individual views to Xterminals in a timesharing system. Nowadays the norm is X providing a single screen on a desktop or laptop.
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| − | All of this means that there are many ways of achieving the same thing and many slightly different things that can meet the same purpose. In modern X versions sometimes you can get away with limited or no configuration. In the last few years the boast is that X is self configuring. Certainly the best practice rule of thumb is less configuration is better - that is only configure what is wrong.
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| − | == Extended Screen ==
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| − | This approach works well when the monitors are the same size and resolution. Interesting things happen - like windows off screen etc - when they are not. It is supposed to work but does not. It should also be noted that in a full desktop environment such as Gnome there are built-in GUI utilities to achieve this. However *box environments suffer.
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| − | 1) Identify where your windows manager or desktop environment places startup code. For fluxbox this is ~/.fluxbox/startup
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| − | 2) Add the xrandr utility and if you like GUI the arandr utility
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| − | pacman -S xorg-xrandr arandr
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| − | 3) From the commandline run xrandr and you will see something like:
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| − | xrandr -q
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| − | produces
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| − | Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3280 x 1080, maximum 8192 x 8192
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| − | VGA1 connected 1360x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 406mm x 229mm
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| − | 1360x768 60.0*+
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| − | 1024x768 75.1 75.0 60.0
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| − | 832x624 74.6
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| − | 800x600 75.0 60.3
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| − | 640x480 75.0 60.0
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| − | 720x400 70.1
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| − | HDMI1 connected 1920x1080+1360+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm
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| − | 1920x1080 60.0*+
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| − | 1600x1200 60.0
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| − | 1680x1050 60.0
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| − | 1280x1024 75.0 60.0
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| − | 1440x900 59.9
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| − | 1280x960 60.0
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| − | 1152x864 75.0
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| − | 1024x768 75.1 70.1 60.0
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| − | 832x624 74.6
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| − | 800x600 75.0 60.3 56.2
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| − | 640x480 72.8 75.0 60.0
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| − | 720x400 70.1
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| − | DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
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| − | HDMI2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
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| − | HDMI3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
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| − | DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
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| − | DP3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
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| − | 4) Note down the portnames of the monitors attached - in the case of the above "VGA1" and "HDMI1"
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| − | 5) Decide which resolution you are going to use. Each monitor has a preferred mode that, according to the manufacturer, is the best visually. These are marked by a "+". The mode a monitor is running at is marked by a "*". You should if possible use the preferred mode and a mode shared by both monitors. You can also add modes: see the [[Xrandr]] page.
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| − | 6) Decide which monitor is on the left or right (or top and bottom) and configure as follows:
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| − | === VGA1 left of HDMI1 at their preferred resolutions ===
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1360x768 --pos 0x0 --output HDMI1 --mode 1920x1080 --pos 1360x0
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| − | * --output specifies which port to use
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| − | * --mode specifies which mode to use
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| − | * --pos specifies the x/y coordinates of this monitor on the big virtual screen
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| − | or
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1360x768 --output HDMI1 --mode 1920x1080 --right-of VGA1
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| − | * --right-of places the previous screen (HDMI1) to the right of the specified screen (VGA1)
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| − | === VGA1 right of HDMI1 at 1024x768 ===
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024x768 --pos 1920x0 --output HDMI1 --mode 1024x768 --pos 0x0
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| − | or
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024x768 --output HDMI1 --mode 1024x768 --left-of VGA1
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| − | * --left-of places the previous screen (HDMI1) to the left of the specified screen (VGA1)
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| − | === VGA1 above HDMI1 at preferred resolution ===
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1360x768 --pos 0x0 --output HDMI1 --mode 1920x1080 --pos 0x768
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| − | or
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1360x768 --output HDMI1 --mode 1920x1080 --below VGA1
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| − | * --below places the previous screen (HDMI1) below the specified screen (VGA1)
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| − | === VGA1 below HDMI1 at 1024x768 ===
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024x768 --pos 0x768 --output HDMI1 --mode 1024x768 --pos 0x0
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| − | or
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| − | xrandr --output VGA1 --mode 1024x768 --output HDMI1 --mode 1024x768 --above VGA1
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| − | * --above places the previous screen (HDMI1) to the above the specified screen (VGA1)
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| − | 7) Play around at the command line until you have a setting that works for you. When you do simply copy that call to xrandr into your window manager/desktop startup file. Arandr is a GUI interface to xrandr and may have some benefits in your search for a solution.
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| − | I found that some settings and approaches worked better than others and that even the best did not work in all cases because of the differences between my two monitors.
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| − | == Extended Screen using xrandr and an xorg.conf file ==
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| − | Another way to set up DualScreen is by using an ''xorg.conf'' file. This configuration should work with most open-source driver setups - anything that has support for ''xrandr''. The example code is given for an "''intel''" driver but you should be able to replace that driver name with "''nouveau''" - for nVidia - or "''radeon''" - for AMD/ATI - dependent on which hardware you are using.
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| − | The following X-Server configuration is made as a file named "''xorg.conf''", it goes in the filesystem here:
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| − | /etc/X11/xorg.conf
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| − | Setting up a DualScreen configuration you only need three sections as follows:
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| − | Section "Device"
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| − | Identifier "Card0"
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| − | Driver "intel" # change to nouveau or radeon to suit your hardware
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| − | EndSection
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| − | #
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| − | Section "Monitor"
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| − | Identifier "Monitor-VGA1"
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| − | Option "Primary" "true"
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| − | EndSection
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| − | #
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| − | Section "Monitor"
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| − | Identifier "Monitor-HDMI1"
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| − | Option "RightOf" "Monitor-VGA1"
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| − | EndSection
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| − | Where ''VGA1'' and ''HDMI1'' are monitor ports.
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| − | Notes:
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| − | * You specify the individual ports using the ''Identifier "Monitor-'''port'''"'' lines in the ''Monitor'' sections. These are the same ports that are listed by "''xrandr -q''".
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| − | * This setup does not specify which resolutions to use or absolute positions relative to each other of both monitor's images. To solve this you could add a preferred mode which is given as an x size, a lower-case "x", and a y size, and you could also specify a position which is given as and x coordinate, a space, and then a y coordinate, to the ''Monitor'' sections:
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| − | Option "PreferredMode" "1920x1080"
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| − | Option "Position" "0 0"
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| − | * Setting up DualScreen this way uses ''xrandr''. On the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Multihead Multihead] page there is another method to configure the xorg.conf file called ''Xinerama''. ''Xinerama'' is an older way of doing the setup and ''xrandr'' should be preferred over it if possible.
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| − | == Extended Screen on other cards ==
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| − | The wiki has an excellent discussion of dual monitors for ATI and Nvidia chipsets in the [[Xorg]] article.
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| − | == See also ==
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| − | * http://intellinuxgraphics.org/dualhead.html - Source for XRandR information
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| − | * http://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/Xorg_RandR_1.2 - Source for XRandR information
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| − | * {{ic|man intel}} - Source for Intel information
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