Difference between revisions of "Fluxbox"
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[[zh-hant:Fluxbox]] | [[zh-hant:Fluxbox]] | ||
[[zh-hans:Fluxbox]] | [[zh-hans:Fluxbox]] | ||
− | {{ | + | {{Related articles start}} |
+ | {{Related|Window manager}} | ||
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Fluxbox is a [[window manager]] for [[X11]]. It is based on the (now abandoned) Blackbox 0.61.1 code, but with significant enhancements and continued development. Fluxbox provides a number of window management features such as tabbing and grouping and has hundreds of styles (themes) available. All Fluxbox configuration is stored in plaintext files, however some settings are exposed graphically in the configuration menu. | Fluxbox is a [[window manager]] for [[X11]]. It is based on the (now abandoned) Blackbox 0.61.1 code, but with significant enhancements and continued development. Fluxbox provides a number of window management features such as tabbing and grouping and has hundreds of styles (themes) available. All Fluxbox configuration is stored in plaintext files, however some settings are exposed graphically in the configuration menu. | ||
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==== Hotkeys ==== | ==== Hotkeys ==== | ||
− | + | The Fluxbox hotkey file is located at {{ic|~/.fluxbox/keys}}. | |
− | The Control key is represented by | + | The Control key is represented by {{ic|Control}}. {{ic|Mod1}} corresponds to the Alt key and {{ic|Mod4}} corresponds to Super (not a standard key but most users map Super to the Win key). |
{{Tip|For volume control hotkeys, see [[Advanced Linux Sound Architecture#Keyboard volume control]] and [[PulseAudio#Keyboard volume control]].}} | {{Tip|For volume control hotkeys, see [[Advanced Linux Sound Architecture#Keyboard volume control]] and [[PulseAudio#Keyboard volume control]].}} | ||
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setxkbmap us -variant intl & # to have a us keyboard with special characters enabled (like éóíáú) | setxkbmap us -variant intl & # to have a us keyboard with special characters enabled (like éóíáú) | ||
− | Instead of 'us' you can also pass your language code and remove the variant option (ex.: 'us_intl', which works like the command above in some setups). See | + | Instead of 'us' you can also pass your language code and remove the variant option (ex.: 'us_intl', which works like the command above in some setups). See {{man|1|setxkbmap}} for more options. |
To make a help function in your menu, just add in {{ic|~/.fluxbox/menu}}: | To make a help function in your menu, just add in {{ic|~/.fluxbox/menu}}: | ||
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=== Workspaces === | === Workspaces === | ||
− | Fluxbox defaults to having four workspaces. These are accessible using Ctrl+F1-F4 shortcuts, or by using the left mouse button to click the arrows on the toolbar. You can also access workspaces via a middle mouse button click on desktop which pops up the Workspaces Menu. | + | Fluxbox defaults to having four workspaces. These are accessible using the {{ic|Ctrl+F1-F4}} shortcuts, or by using the left mouse button to click the arrows on the toolbar. You can also access workspaces via a middle mouse button click on desktop which pops up the Workspaces Menu. |
=== Tabbing and grouping === | === Tabbing and grouping === | ||
− | With at least two windows visible on your desktop use | + | With at least two windows visible on your desktop use {{ic|Ctrl+left click}} on the upper window tab of one window and drag it into the other open window. The two windows will now be grouped together with window tabs in the upper window tab bar. You may now perform a window operation that will affect the entire window "group". To reverse the tabbing use {{ic|Ctrl+left click}} on a tab and drag it to an empty space on the desktop. |
=== Wallpaper === | === Wallpaper === | ||
− | + | Fluxbox provides a wrapper script ''fbsetbg'' which can help one to set the wallpaper. Please refer to the [http://fluxbox-wiki.org/category/howtos/en/Howto_set_the_background.html Fluxbox wiki] for details. Alternatively, you can use a wallpaper setter such as [[feh]] or [[Nitrogen]] independently if you wish. See below. | |
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==== Swapping multiple backgrounds easily ==== | ==== Swapping multiple backgrounds easily ==== | ||
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'''3.''' or add (or modify) the following line to the file {{ic|~/.fluxbox/startup}}: | '''3.''' or add (or modify) the following line to the file {{ic|~/.fluxbox/startup}}: | ||
~/.fehbg | ~/.fehbg | ||
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=== Theming === | === Theming === | ||
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* User only - {{ic|~/.fluxbox/styles}} | * User only - {{ic|~/.fluxbox/styles}} | ||
− | The | + | The {{AUR|fluxmod-styles}} package contains a number of Fluxbox styles from the (now defunct) fluxmod.dk site. |
− | To create your own Fluxbox styles | + | To create your own Fluxbox styles, please refer to [http://fluxbox.org/help/man-fluxbox-style.php fluxbox-style(5)], [[Fluxbox/Style guide]] and [http://tenr.de/howto/style_fluxbox/style_fluxbox.html tenr.de Fluxbox style guide]. |
If you use mmaker -f FluxBox to create your menus, you will not see the styles menu selection after you install the styles. To correct this add the following to {{ic|~/.fluxbox/menu}} after the restart menu item: | If you use mmaker -f FluxBox to create your menus, you will not see the styles menu selection after you install the styles. To correct this add the following to {{ic|~/.fluxbox/menu}} after the restart menu item: | ||
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=== The Slit === | === The Slit === | ||
− | Fluxbox, | + | Some window managers, such as Fluxbox, Window Maker and Openbox, have a "Slit". This is a dock for any application that can be 'dockable'. A docked application is anchored and appears on every workspace. It cannot be moved freely and is not influenced by any manipulation to windows. It is essentially a small widget. Dock apps that are useful in such a situation tend to be clocks, system monitors, weather apps and so on. Visit [http://www.dockapps.net/ dockapps.net] to see what dockapps are available. |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Fluxbox Gentoo Wiki about Fluxbox] | * [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Fluxbox Gentoo Wiki about Fluxbox] | ||
* [https://www.box-look.org/browse/cat/139/ord/latest/ Themes for Fluxbox] | * [https://www.box-look.org/browse/cat/139/ord/latest/ Themes for Fluxbox] | ||
− | * | + | * [https://jlk.fjfi.cvut.cz/arch/manpages/man/fluxbox.1 Fluxbox man page] (plus related fluxbox manpages such as fluxbox-keys) |
* [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=77729 Narada's Fluxbox Guide] | * [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=77729 Narada's Fluxbox Guide] | ||
* [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=90260 Arch Linux Fluxbox screenshots] | * [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=90260 Arch Linux Fluxbox screenshots] |
Latest revision as of 20:18, 4 January 2019
Fluxbox is a window manager for X11. It is based on the (now abandoned) Blackbox 0.61.1 code, but with significant enhancements and continued development. Fluxbox provides a number of window management features such as tabbing and grouping and has hundreds of styles (themes) available. All Fluxbox configuration is stored in plaintext files, however some settings are exposed graphically in the configuration menu.
Contents
Installation
Starting
Run startfluxbox
with xinit.
Autostart
Fluxbox provides functionality to autostart applications. The ~/.fluxbox/startup
file is a script for autostarting applications as well as starting Fluxbox itself. The #
symbol denotes a comment. Make sure that any lines starting applications come before the call to start Fluxbox itself. Otherwise, these lines will not be reached until Fluxbox itself terminates.
Configuration
System-wide Fluxbox configuration files are in /usr/share/fluxbox
while user configuration files are in ~/.fluxbox
. The user config files are:
- init - the main Fluxbox resource configuration file. See Editing the init file.
- menu - the Fluxbox menu config. See below and Editing the menu file.
- keys - the Fluxbox keyboard shortcuts (hotkeys) file. See below and Keyboard shortcuts.
- startup - where to launch startup apps but see below for .xinitrc and also Editing the startup file.
- overlay - a configuration file to override elements of styles. See Style overlay.
- apps - a config file for remembering the window configuration of specific apps. See Editing the apps file.
- windowmenu - a configuration file for altering the Window Menu itself: Editing the windowmenu.
Menus
The Fluxbox root menu is defined in ~/.fluxbox/menu
and it can be accessed by right clicking on the desktop. As with other lightweight window managers Fluxbox does not automatically update its menu when you install new applications. Therefore, the menu will need to be regenerated when new applications are installed/uninstalled.
The basic syntax for a menu item to appear is:
[exec] (name) {command} <path to icon>
...where "name" is the text you wish to appear for that menu item and "command" is the location of the binary, e.g.:
[exec] (Firefox Browser) {/usr/bin/firefox} <path to firefox icon>
Note that the "<path to icon>" is optional. If you want to create a submenu the syntax is:
[submenu] (Name) ... ... [end]
When you have finished editing, save the file and exit. There is no need to restart Fluxbox. For more information read editing the Fluxbox menu.
There are some programs which can generate either a complete Fluxbox root menu or a submenu of installed applications which can be manually included in an existing root menu definition. These are outlined below.
There is a built-in command provided with Fluxbox:
$ fluxbox-generate_menu
This command will auto-generate a ~/.fluxbox/menu
file based on your installed programs. However, the menu it generates will not be as comprehensive as that generated by MenuMaker.
MenuMaker
MenuMaker is a powerful tool that creates XML-based menus for a variety of Window Managers, including Fluxbox. MenuMaker will search your computer for executable programs and create a menu based on the results. It can be configured to exclude Legacy X, GNOME, KDE, or Xfce applications if desired.
Install menumaker, then you can generate a complete menu and overwrite the default one by running:
$ mmaker -f FluxBox
You can avoid populating your menu with terminal based applications such as alsamixer by running the following switches with the mmaker command: --no-legacy
and --no-debian
. For example:
$ mmaker -f --no-legacy --no-debian FluxBox
To see more MenuMaker options:
$ mmaker --help
You can also generate a menu using Xdg-menu. See the Xdg-menu#FluxBox section.
In addition to the root menu, Fluxbox also provides the following menus:
- Workspaces Menu: middle click on desktop.
- Configuration Menu: located within the "Fluxbox" section of the "Root" menu.
- Window menu: right click on the titlebar of any window, or its bar if minimized. Can be edited. See fluxbox-menu man page.
- Toolbar menu: right click on empty part of toolbar. Also found as a sub-menu within the Configuration Menu.
- Slit Menu: found as a sub-menu within the configuration menu.
Keyboard
Hotkeys
The Fluxbox hotkey file is located at ~/.fluxbox/keys
.
The Control key is represented by Control
. Mod1
corresponds to the Alt key and Mod4
corresponds to Super (not a standard key but most users map Super to the Win key).
Set the keyboard layout with Fluxbox
Just add the following line to ~/.fluxbox/startup
:
setxkbmap us -variant intl & # to have a us keyboard with special characters enabled (like éóíáú)
Instead of 'us' you can also pass your language code and remove the variant option (ex.: 'us_intl', which works like the command above in some setups). See setxkbmap(1) for more options.
To make a help function in your menu, just add in ~/.fluxbox/menu
:
[submenu] (Keyboard) [exec] (normal) {setxkbmap us} [exec] (international) {setxkbmap us -variant intl} [end]
Workspaces
Fluxbox defaults to having four workspaces. These are accessible using the Ctrl+F1-F4
shortcuts, or by using the left mouse button to click the arrows on the toolbar. You can also access workspaces via a middle mouse button click on desktop which pops up the Workspaces Menu.
Tabbing and grouping
With at least two windows visible on your desktop use Ctrl+left click
on the upper window tab of one window and drag it into the other open window. The two windows will now be grouped together with window tabs in the upper window tab bar. You may now perform a window operation that will affect the entire window "group". To reverse the tabbing use Ctrl+left click
on a tab and drag it to an empty space on the desktop.
Wallpaper
Fluxbox provides a wrapper script fbsetbg which can help one to set the wallpaper. Please refer to the Fluxbox wiki for details. Alternatively, you can use a wallpaper setter such as feh or Nitrogen independently if you wish. See below.
Swapping multiple backgrounds easily
Place the following submenu in your Fluxbox menu:
[submenu] (Backgrounds) [wallpapers] (~/.fluxbox/backgrounds) {feh --bg-scale} [wallpapers] (/usr/share/fluxbox/backgrounds) {feh --bg-scale} [end]
Then put your background images into ~/.fluxbox/backgrounds
or any other folder you specify, they will then appear in the same fashion as your styles.
The same applies to a dual screen wallpaper on a system without 'xinerama' (NVidia TwinView for example):
[submenu] (Backgrounds) [wallpapers] (/path/to/your/backgrounds) {feh --bg-scale --no-xinerama } [end]
Using feh with Fluxbox
Install feh.
To make sure Fluxbox will load feh background next time start:
1. Make .fehbg
executable:
$ chmod 770 ~/.fehbg
2. Then add (or modify) the following line to the file ~/.fluxbox/init
:
session.screen0.rootCommand: ~/.fehbg
3. or add (or modify) the following line to the file ~/.fluxbox/startup
:
~/.fehbg
Theming
To install a Fluxbox theme, extract the theme archive file to a styles directory. The default directories are:
- Global -
/usr/share/fluxbox/styles
- User only -
~/.fluxbox/styles
The fluxmod-stylesAUR package contains a number of Fluxbox styles from the (now defunct) fluxmod.dk site.
To create your own Fluxbox styles, please refer to fluxbox-style(5), Fluxbox/Style guide and tenr.de Fluxbox style guide.
If you use mmaker -f FluxBox to create your menus, you will not see the styles menu selection after you install the styles. To correct this add the following to ~/.fluxbox/menu
after the restart menu item:
[submenu] (System Styles) {Choose a style...} [stylesdir] (/usr/share/fluxbox/styles) [end] [submenu] (User Styles) {Choose a style...} [stylesdir] (~/.fluxbox/styles) [end]
The Slit
Some window managers, such as Fluxbox, Window Maker and Openbox, have a "Slit". This is a dock for any application that can be 'dockable'. A docked application is anchored and appears on every workspace. It cannot be moved freely and is not influenced by any manipulation to windows. It is essentially a small widget. Dock apps that are useful in such a situation tend to be clocks, system monitors, weather apps and so on. Visit dockapps.net to see what dockapps are available.
See also
- Fluxbox on Github
- Fluxbox wiki
- Gentoo Wiki about Fluxbox
- Themes for Fluxbox
- Fluxbox man page (plus related fluxbox manpages such as fluxbox-keys)
- Narada's Fluxbox Guide
- Arch Linux Fluxbox screenshots