Difference between revisions of "GNOME"

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m (→‎Show weather information: fixing the package from AUR (gnome-shell-extension-weather-git is dead, but it's fork is still alive))
(→‎Toggle keyboard layouts)
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=== Shell freezes ===
 
=== Shell freezes ===
  
−
Sometimes shell extensions freeze the GNOME Shell. In this case a possible strategy is to switch to another terminal via {{Keypress|Ctrl+Alt+F1}}, log in, and restart X by:
+
Sometimes shell extensions freeze the GNOME Shell. In this case a possible strategy is to switch to another terminal via {{Keypress|Ctrl+Alt+F2}} through {{Keypress|Ctrl+Alt+F6}}, log in, and restart X by:
  
 
  # pkill X
 
  # pkill X
Line 99: Line 99:
 
If this doesn't work, you can try to restart your login manager. For instance, if you use GDM, try:
 
If this doesn't work, you can try to restart your login manager. For instance, if you use GDM, try:
  
−
  # systemctl restart gdm
+
  # systemctl restart gdm.service
  
 
== Customizing GNOME appearance ==
 
== Customizing GNOME appearance ==
Line 157: Line 157:
  
 
''See [[Nautilus]].''
 
''See [[Nautilus]].''
 +
 +
=== Totem ===
 +
 +
To play back h.264 videos, you need to install {{Pkg|gst-libav}}
 +
 +
For more information on gstreamer hardware acceleration, see [[GStreamer#Hardware_Acceleration|Gstreamer: Hardware Acceleration]].
  
 
=== GNOME panel ===
 
=== GNOME panel ===
Line 280: Line 286:
  
 
  $ echo "NoDisplay=true" >> foo.desktop
 
  $ echo "NoDisplay=true" >> foo.desktop
 +
 +
==== To Remove Wine Launchers from the Applications menu ====
 +
 +
Enter {{ic|~/.local/share/applications/wine/Programs/}} and look for the wine application's name. In the directories are the ".desktop" files which configure the launchers. Remove the program directory to easily remove the launchers.
  
 
==== Change application icon size ====
 
==== Change application icon size ====
Line 351: Line 361:
 
</nowiki>}}
 
</nowiki>}}
 
and set {{ic|reactive}} to {{ic|false}}. GNOME Shell needs to be restarted.
 
and set {{ic|reactive}} to {{ic|false}}. GNOME Shell needs to be restarted.
 +
 +
==== Disable Message Tray hovering ====
 +
 +
The message tray is shown when the mouse hovers at the bottom of the screen for one second. To disable this behavior, comment out the following line in {{ic|/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/messageTray.js}}:
 +
{{hc|messageTray.js|<nowiki>
 +
        //pointerWatcher.addWatch(TRAY_DWELL_CHECK_INTERVAL, Lang.bind(this, this._checkTrayDwell));
 +
</nowiki>}}
 +
GNOME Shell needs to be restarted. The message tray is still visible in activity view.
  
 
=== Titlebar ===
 
=== Titlebar ===
 +
==== Remove title bar ====
 +
Install [https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/354/maximus/ Maximus] GNOME shell extension.
 +
 +
It can also have white list / black list of application.
 +
 +
This extension requires xorg-xprop, install it if you don't have it already.
 +
 +
{{bc|pacman -S xorg-xprop}}
 +
 +
More about [[#GNOME shell extensions | GNOME shell extensions]].
  
 
==== Reduce title bar height ====
 
==== Reduce title bar height ====
Line 391: Line 419:
  
 
=== Login screen ===
 
=== Login screen ===
−
{{Merge|GDM}}
+
{{Merge|GDM|Login managers have their own wiki pages and information should be maintained separately.}}
 
To modify characteristics of the login screen (GDM, the GNOME display manager) the following lines can be executed. The first command allows all users, including "gdm", to access X settings (albeit temporarily). This command creates a temporary vulnerability, so be advised. The second command opens a bash session with the credentials of user "gdm". {{Note|For exposition, user gdm's terminal prompt is shown as '''$'''. In actuality, it shows something like -bash-4.2$.}}
 
To modify characteristics of the login screen (GDM, the GNOME display manager) the following lines can be executed. The first command allows all users, including "gdm", to access X settings (albeit temporarily). This command creates a temporary vulnerability, so be advised. The second command opens a bash session with the credentials of user "gdm". {{Note|For exposition, user gdm's terminal prompt is shown as '''$'''. In actuality, it shows something like -bash-4.2$.}}
  
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=== GNOME shell extensions ===
 
=== GNOME shell extensions ===
  
−
GNOME Shell can be customized with extensions written by others. These provide features such as a dock or a widget for changing the theme.
+
GNOME Shell can be customized with extensions. These provide features such as a dock or a widget for changing the theme.
−
 
 
−
Many extensions are collected and hosted by [https://extensions.gnome.org/ gnome.org]. They can be browsed and installed simply activating them in the browser.
 
  
−
Other details on available extensions are found at the [http://www.webupd8.org/2011/04/gnome-shell-extensions-additional.html WEBUPD8] site. The most recent articles can be found using this [http://www.webupd8.org/search/label/gnome%20shell%20extensions?max-results=20 WEBUPD8 search link.]
+
Many extensions are collected and hosted by [https://extensions.gnome.org/ extensions.gnome.org]. They can be browsed and installed simply activating them in the browser. More information about gnome shell extensions can be found [https://extensions.gnome.org/about/ here].
  
−
Useful extensions provided in the [[AUR]]:
+
See [[#When_an_extension_breaks_GNOME|when an extension breaks GNOME]] for troubleshooting information.
−
 
 
−
{| border="1"
 
−
|  {{AUR|gnome-shell-extension-presentation-mode-git}} || Adds option to inhibit screensaver in the power menu (battery icon).
 
−
|-
 
−
|  {{AUR|gnome-shell-extension-weather-git}} || Displays weather notifications.
 
−
|-
 
−
|  {{AUR|gnome-shell-extension-alternative-status-menu-git}} || Adds "Hibernate" and "Power Off" to the status menu.
 
−
|-
 
−
|  {{AUR|gnome-shell-extension-theme-selector}} || Select a theme in the Activities overview.
 
−
To install a custom theme with GNOME Tweak Tool, you need to install the {{AUR|gnome-shell-extension-user-theme-git}} package from AUR.
 
−
|-
 
−
|{{AUR|gnome-shell-frippery}} || An unofficial extension pack providing GNOME2 like features for GNOME3.
 
−
|}
 
−
 
 
−
[[#Restarting_the_shell|Restart the GNOME Shell]] after installing an extension. See [[#When_an_extension_breaks_GNOME|when an extension breaks GNOME]] for troubleshooting information.
 
  
 
=== Default file browser/replace Nautilus ===
 
=== Default file browser/replace Nautilus ===
Line 534: Line 545:
 
OR
 
OR
 
Exec=pcmanfm %U
 
Exec=pcmanfm %U
 +
OR
 +
Exec=nemo %U
 
[...]
 
[...]
 
}}
 
}}
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=== Changing hotkeys ===
 
=== Changing hotkeys ===
 +
It is possible to manually change the keys via an application's so-called accel map file. Where it is to be found is up to the application: For instance, Thunar's is at ~/.config/Thunar/accels.scm, whereas Nautilus's is located at ~/.config/nautilus/accels and ~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus on old release.
 +
 +
The file should contain a list of possible hotkeys, each unchanged line commented out with a leading ";" that has to be removed for a change to become active.
 +
For example to replace the hotkey used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder, change the line :
 +
; (gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/Trash" "<Primary>Delete")
 +
to this :
 +
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/Trash" "Delete")
 +
 +
The file is regenerate regularly so don't waist time on commenting the file. The uncommented line will stay but every comment you may add will be lost.
  
 +
==== Nautilus 3.4 and older ====
 
Firstly, use '''dconf-editor''' to place a checkmark next to {{ic|can-change-accels}} in the key named ''org.gnome.desktop.interface.''
 
Firstly, use '''dconf-editor''' to place a checkmark next to {{ic|can-change-accels}} in the key named ''org.gnome.desktop.interface.''
  
 
We will replace the hotkey — a.k.a. keyboard shortcut, keyboard accelerator — used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder.
 
We will replace the hotkey — a.k.a. keyboard shortcut, keyboard accelerator — used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder.
−
 
 
The default assignment is a somewhat-awkward {{Keypress|Ctrl+Delete}}.
 
The default assignment is a somewhat-awkward {{Keypress|Ctrl+Delete}}.
−
 
 
* Open Nautilus, select any file, and click '''Edit''' on the menu bar.
 
* Open Nautilus, select any file, and click '''Edit''' on the menu bar.
 
* Hover over the ''Move to Trash'' menu item.
 
* Hover over the ''Move to Trash'' menu item.
Line 621: Line 642:
 
* Press the key that you wish to become the new keyboard accelerator.
 
* Press the key that you wish to become the new keyboard accelerator.
 
* Press {{Keypress|Delete}} to make the new accelerator be the Delete key.
 
* Press {{Keypress|Delete}} to make the new accelerator be the Delete key.
−
 
 
Unless you select a file or folder, ''Move to Trash'' will be grayed-out. Finally, disable {{ic|can-change-accels}} to prevent accidental hotkey changes.
 
Unless you select a file or folder, ''Move to Trash'' will be grayed-out. Finally, disable {{ic|can-change-accels}} to prevent accidental hotkey changes.
  
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Another option is to install the ''Alternative Status Menu'' extension. See the section on shell extensions. The alternative menu extension installs a new status menu with a non-hidden '''''Power Off''''' entry.
 
Another option is to install the ''Alternative Status Menu'' extension. See the section on shell extensions. The alternative menu extension installs a new status menu with a non-hidden '''''Power Off''''' entry.
 +
 +
=== Modify Keyboard with XkbOptions ===
 +
 +
Using the '''dconf-editor''', navigate to the key named ''org.gnome.desktop.input-sources.xkb-options'' and add desired XkbOptions (e.g. 'caps:swapescape') to the list.
 +
 +
See /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg for all XkbOptions and then /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/* for the respective descriptions.
 +
 +
=== Toggle keyboard layouts ===
 +
Since Gnome does not consider any configuration in {{ic|/etc/X11/conf.d/*.conf}} you have to set the command for layout switching either via the control center with the options ''Switch to previous source'' and ''Switch to next source'' or if you want to use Alt - Shift combination you have to use the Gnome-Tweak-Tool and set  ''Typing -> Modifiers-only input sources -> select Alt-shift''. For more information see also the forum [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=152127 thread].
  
 
== Integrated messaging (Empathy) ==
 
== Integrated messaging (Empathy) ==
Line 683: Line 712:
  
 
   
 
   
−
'''"3.x.x"''' indicates the extension works with every Shell version. If it breaks, you'll know to change it back.
+
'''"3.x"''' indicates the extension works with every Shell version. If it breaks, you'll know to change it back.
  
 
=== The "Windows" key ===
 
=== The "Windows" key ===
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         ;;
 
         ;;
 
  esac
 
  esac
−
 
−
=== Editing hotkeys via can-change-accels fails ===
 
−
 
−
It is also possible to manually change the keys via an application's so-called accel map file. Where it is to be found is up to the application: For instance, Thunar's is at {{ic|~/.config/Thunar/accels.scm}}, whereas Nautilus's is located at {{ic|~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus}}. The file should contain a list of possible hotkeys, each unchanged line commented out with a leading ";" that has to be removed for a change to become active.
 
  
 
=== Panels do not respond to right-click in fallback mode ===
 
=== Panels do not respond to right-click in fallback mode ===

Revision as of 07:22, 3 March 2013

zh-CN:GNOME zh-TW:GNOME Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end

From About Us | GNOME:

The GNOME Project was started in 1997 by two then university students, Miguel de Icaza and Federico Mena. Their aim: to produce a free (as in freedom) desktop environment. Since then, GNOME has grown into a hugely successful enterprise. Used by millions of people across the world, it is the most popular desktop environment for GNU/Linux and UNIX-type operating systems. The desktop has been utilised in successful, large-scale enterprise and public deployments, and the project’s developer technologies are utilised in a large number of popular mobile devices.

Contents

Introduction

GNOME 3 has two interfaces:

  • GNOME Shell is the new standard layout using the Mutter window manager. It acts as a composite manager for the desktop, employing hardware graphics acceleration to provide effects aimed at reducing screen clutter.
  • fallback mode is similar to GNOME 2, it uses gnome-panel and Metacity instead of gnome-shell/Mutter. No hardware acceleration is required to run fallback mode.

GNOME-session automatically detects if your computer is incapable of running GNOME Shell and starts fallback mode when appropriate. When you are on fallback mode you can still replace GNOME's default window manager with your preferred one.

Installation

GNOME 3 is available in the official repositories and can be installed with two groups of packages:

  • gnome contains the core desktop environment and applications required for the standard GNOME experience.
  • gnome-extra contains various optional tools such as a media player, a calculator, an editor and other non-critical applications that go well with the GNOME desktop. Installing this group is optional.

Note that installing only gnome-extra will not pull the whole gnome group by dependencies: if you really want everything you must explicitly install both groups.

D-Bus daemon

The GNOME desktop requires the D-Bus daemon. Refer to the D-Bus article for setup instructions.

Starting GNOME

Graphical log-in

For the best desktop integration, login manager GDM is recommended. Other login managers can be used in place of GDM. Check out the wiki article on display managers to learn how desktop environments are started.

The login manager is a limited process entrusted with duties that impact the system. The PolicyKit wiki article addresses the topic of system‑wide access control.

Tip: Refer to the GDM article for installation and configuration instructions.

Starting GNOME manually

If you prefer to start GNOME manually from the console, add the following line to your ~/.xinitrc file: 

~/.xinitrc
 exec gnome-session

After the exec command is placed, GNOME can be launched by typing startx.

See xinitrc for details, such as preserving the logind (and/or consolekit) session.

Using the shell

GNOME cheat sheet

The GNOME web site has a helpful GNOME Shell cheat sheet explaining task switching, keyboard use, window control, the panel, overview mode, and more.

Restarting the shell

After appearance tweaks you are often asked to restart the GNOME shell. You could log out and log back in, but it is simpler and faster to issue the following keyboard command. Restart the shell by pressing Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress then Template:Keypress then Template:Keypress

Shell crashes

Certain tweaks and/or repeated shell restarts may cause the shell to crash when a restart is attempted. In this case, you are informed about the crash and then forced to log out. Some shell changes, such as switching between GNOME Shell and fallback mode, cannot be accomplished via a keyboard restart; you must log out and log back in to effect them.

It is common sense — but worth repeating — that valuable documents should be saved (and perhaps closed) before attempting a shell restart. It is not strictly necessary; open windows and documents usually remain intact after a shell restart.

Shell freezes

Sometimes shell extensions freeze the GNOME Shell. In this case a possible strategy is to switch to another terminal via Template:Keypress through Template:Keypress, log in, and restart X by: 

# pkill X

The GNOME Shell then restarts automatically.

If this doesn't work, you can try to restart your login manager. For instance, if you use GDM, try: 

# systemctl restart gdm.service

Customizing GNOME appearance

Overall appearance

GNOME 3 may have "started from scratch", but like most large software projects it is assembled from parts dating to different eras. There is not one all-encompassing configuration tool. The new Systems Settings tool is a big improvement over previous control panels. System Settings is well-organized, but you may find yourself wishing for more control over system appearance.

You may be familiar with existing configuration tools: some of these still work; many will not. Some settings are not readily exposed for you to change. Indubitably, many settings will migrate to newer tools and/or become exposed as time progresses and the wider community embraces and extends the latest GNOME desktop.

Gsettings

A new command-line tool gsettings stores data in a binary format, unlike previous tools using XML text. A tutorial Customizing the GNOME Shell explores the power of gsettings.

GNOME tweak tool

This graphical tool customizes fonts, themes, titlebar buttons and other settings. 

# pacman -S gnome-tweak-tool

GTK3 theme via settings.ini

Like ~/.gtkrc-2.0 with GTK2+, it is possible to set a GTK3 theme via ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini.

Variable $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is usually set to ~/.config

Adwaita, the default GNOME 3 theme, is a part of gnome-themes-standard. Additional GTK3 themes can be found at Deviantart web site. For example: 

${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
  [Settings]
  gtk-theme-name = Adwaita
  gtk-fallback-icon-theme = gnome
  # next option is applicable only if selected theme supports it
  gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme = true
  # set font name and dimension
  gtk-font-name = Sans 10

It is necessary to restart the GNOME shell for settings to be applied. More GTK options are found at GNOME developer documentation.

Icon theme

Using gnome-tweak-tool version 3.0.3 and later, you can place any icon theme you wish to use inside ~/.icons.

Usefully, GNOME 3 is compatible with GNOME 2 icon themes, which means you are not stuck with the default icons. To install a new set of icons, copy your desired icon theme's directory to ~/.icons. As an example: 

$ cp -R /home/user/Desktop/my_icon_theme ~/.icons

The new theme my_icon_theme is now selectable using gnome-tweak-tool under interface.

Alternatively, you may textually select your icon theme with no need for gnome-tweak-tool. Add the GTK icon theme name to ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini. Please note, not to use "" as your settings would not be recognised then. 

${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
... previous lines ...

gtk-icon-theme-name = my_new_icon_theme

Nautilus

See Nautilus.

Totem

To play back h.264 videos, you need to install gst-libav

For more information on gstreamer hardware acceleration, see Gstreamer: Hardware Acceleration.

GNOME panel

Show date in top bar

By default GNOME displays only the weekday and time in the top bar. This can be changed with the following command. Changes take effect immediately.

GNOME 3.4.2: 

# gsettings set org.gnome.shell.clock show-date true

GNOME 3.6.2: 

# gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface clock-show-date true

Always show the "Log Out" entry in the user menu

Since GNOME 3.6, the "Log Out" entry in the user menu is only shown when multiple non-root users are present in the system.

To always enable this entry, run the following command from a terminal: 

# gsettings set org.gnome.shell always-show-log-out true

You can also change this in dconf-editor: Navigate to org.gnome.shell, then check the "always-show-log-out" checkbox.

Then, restart the GNOME shell:

  1. Template:Keypress
  2. Template:Keypress
  3. Template:Keypress

Hiding icons in the top bar

When doing a GNOME install, some unwanted icons might appear in the panel. These icons can be removed either with GNOME shell extensions or by manually editing the GNOME panel script.

Hiding icons with shell extensions

To remove the accessibility icon, one can use the https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/112/remove-accesibility/.

The best way to use extensions is installing them from the gnome extensions web page like the one above.

Manually editing the GNOME panel script

For example, to remove the universal access icon, comment out the 'a11y' line in PANEL_ITEM_IMPLEMENTATIONS: 

/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/panel.js
const PANEL_ITEM_IMPLEMENTATIONS = {
    'activities': ActivitiesButton,
    'appMenu': AppMenuButton,
    'dateMenu': imports.ui.dateMenu.DateMenuButton,
//    'a11y': imports.ui.status.accessibility.ATIndicator,
    'volume': imports.ui.status.volume.Indicator,
    'battery': imports.ui.status.power.Indicator,
    'lockScreen': imports.ui.status.lockScreenMenu.Indicator,
    'keyboard': imports.ui.status.keyboard.InputSourceIndicator,
    'powerMenu': imports.gdm.powerMenu.PowerMenuButton,
    'userMenu': imports.ui.userMenu.UserMenuButton
};

Then, save your results and restart the shell:

  1. Template:Keypress
  2. Template:Keypress
  3. Template:Keypress

Show battery icon

To show the battery tray icon, install gnome-power-manager from the official repositories.

Disable "Suspend" in the status and gdm menu

A quick way to do it system-wide for GNOME 3.2 is to change line 539 of /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/userMenu.js and line 103 of /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/gdm/powerMenu.js. (For GNOME versions prior to 3.2, look at line 153 of /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/statusMenu.js.) This change takes effect the next time GNOME Shell is started. 

/usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/userMenu.js
 // this._haveSuspend = this._upClient.get_can_suspend();  //  Comment this line out.
 this._haveSuspend = false;                                //  Use this line instead.

To accomplish this, paste the following command(s) in your terminal: 

 GNOME_SHELL=/usr/share/gnome-shell
 SCRIPTS=`grep -lr get_can_suspend $GNOME_SHELL/js`
 for FILE in $SCRIPTS ; do
       sed -r -i -e 's/[^= ]+.get_can_suspend\(\)/false/' "$FILE"
 done

The above change does not persist after a GNOME version update, however. A more perennial solution is to add the code above in some gdm or system startup script (eg: /etc/rc.local), to keep the "suspend" option disabled after updates.

Alternatively you can install the GNOME shell extension alternative status menu in package gnome-shell-extension-alternative-status-menu.

Eliminate delay when logging out

The following tweak removes the confirmation dialog and sixty second delay for logging out.

This dialog normally appears when you log out with the status menu. This tweak affects the Power Off dialog as well. This is not a system-wide change; it affects only the user who enters this command. The change takes effect immediately after entering the command. 

$ gsettings set org.gnome.SessionManager logout-prompt 'false'

Show system monitor

Install the gnome-shell-system-monitor-applet-gitAUR extension available in the AUR.

Show weather information

Install gnome-shell-extension-weather-neroth-gitAUR from AUR.

Activity view

Remove entries from Applications view

Like other desktop environments, GNOME uses .desktop files to populate its Applications view. These text files are in /usr/share/applications. It is not possible to edit these files from a folder view ‒ Nautilus does not treat their icons as text files. Use a terminal to display or edit .desktop file entries. 

# ls /usr/share/applications
# nano /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop

For system wide changes, edit files in /usr/share/applications. For local changes, make a copy of foo.desktop in your home folder. 

$ cp /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

Edit .desktop files to fit your wishes.

Note: Removing a .desktop file does not uninstall an application, but instead removes its desktop integration: MIME types, shortcuts, and so forth.

The following command appends one line to a .desktop file and hides its associated icon from Applications view: 

$ echo "NoDisplay=true" >> foo.desktop

To Remove Wine Launchers from the Applications menu

Enter ~/.local/share/applications/wine/Programs/ and look for the wine application's name. In the directories are the ".desktop" files which configure the launchers. Remove the program directory to easily remove the launchers.

Change application icon size

One awkward selection of the GNOME designers is their choice of large icons for Applications view. This view is painful when working with a small screen containing many large application icons. There is a way to reduce the icon size. It is done by editing the GNOME-Shell theme.

Edit system files directly (make a backup first) or copy theme files to your local folder and edit these files.

  • For the default theme, edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gnome-shell.css
  • For user themes, edit /usr/share/themes/<UserTheme>/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css

Edit gnome-shell.css and replace the following values. Afterward, restart the GNOME shell. 

gnome-shell.css
 ...
 /* Application Launchers and Grid */
 
 .icon-grid {
     spacing: 18px;
     -shell-grid-horizontal-item-size: 82px;
     -shell-grid-vertical-item-size: 82px;
 }
 
 .icon-grid .overview-icon {
     icon-size: 48px;
 }
 ...

Change dash icon size

GNOME's Activities view has a dash on the left hand side, the size of the icons in this dash will scale depending on the amount of icons set to display. The scaling can be manipulated or set to a constant icon size. To do so, edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/dash.js. 

dash.js
 ...

        let iconSizes = [ 16, 22, 24, 32, 48, 64 ];

 ...

Change switcher (alt-tab) icon size

GNOME comes with a built in task switcher, the size of the icons in this task switcher will scale depending on the amount of icons set to display. The scaling can be manipulated or set to a constant icon size. To do so, edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/altTab.js 

altTab.js
 ...

        const iconSizes = [96, 64, 48, 32, 22];

 ...

Change system tray icon size

GNOME comes with a built in system tray, visible when the mouse is hovered over the bottom right corner of the screen. The size of the icons in this tray is set to a fixed value of 24. To change this value, edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/messageTray.js 

messageTray.js
 ...

    ICON_SIZE: 24,

 ...

Disable Activity hot corner hovering

To disable automatic activity view when the hot corner is hovered, edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/layout.js (that was panel.js in GNOME 3.0.x) : 

layout.js
 this._corner = new Clutter.Rectangle({ name: 'hot-corner',
                                       width: 1,
                                       height: 1,
                                       opacity: 0,
                                       reactive: true });icon-size: 48px;
 }

and set reactive to false. GNOME Shell needs to be restarted.

Disable Message Tray hovering

The message tray is shown when the mouse hovers at the bottom of the screen for one second. To disable this behavior, comment out the following line in /usr/share/gnome-shell/js/ui/messageTray.js: 

messageTray.js
        //pointerWatcher.addWatch(TRAY_DWELL_CHECK_INTERVAL, Lang.bind(this, this._checkTrayDwell));

GNOME Shell needs to be restarted. The message tray is still visible in activity view.

Titlebar

Remove title bar

Install Maximus GNOME shell extension.

It can also have white list / black list of application.

This extension requires xorg-xprop, install it if you don't have it already. 

pacman -S xorg-xprop

More about GNOME shell extensions.

Reduce title bar height

  • global - edit /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml, search for title_vertical_pad and and reduce its value to a minimum of 0.
  • user-only - copy /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml to /home/$USER/.themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml, search for title_vertical_pad and reduce its value to a minimum of 0.

Then Restart the GNOME shell.

To restore the original values, install the package gnome-themes-standard from the official repositories or remove /home/$USER/.themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml

Reorder titlebar buttons

At present this setting can be changed through dconf-editor.

For example, we move the close and minimize buttons to the left side of the titlebar. Open dconf-editor and locate the org.gnome.shell.overrides.button_layout key. Change its value to close,minimize: (Colon symbol designates the spacer between left side and right side of the titlebar.) Use whichever buttons in whatever order you prefer. You cannot use a button more than once. Also, keep in mind that certain buttons are deprecated. Restart the shell to see your new button arrangement.

Hide titlebar when maximized

# sed -i -r 's|(<frame_geometry name="max")|\1 has_title="false"|' /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml

Restart the GNOME shell. After this tweak, you may find it difficult to un-maximize a window when there is no titlebar to grab.

With suitable keybindings, you should be able to use Template:Keypress, Template:Keypress or Template:Keypress to remedy the situation.

To prevent metacity-theme-3.xml from being overwritten each time package gnome-themes-standard is upgraded, add its name to /etc/pacman.conf with NoUpgrade. 

/etc/pacman.conf
... previous lines ...

# Pacman won't upgrade packages listed in IgnorePkg and members of IgnoreGroup
# IgnorePkg   =
# IgnoreGroup =

NoUpgrade = usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml    # Do not add a leading slash to the path

... more lines ...

To restore original Adwaita theme values, install the gnome-themes-standard package.

Login screen

Merge-arrows-2.pngThis article or section is a candidate for merging with GDM.Merge-arrows-2.png

Notes: Login managers have their own wiki pages and information should be maintained separately. (Discuss in Talk:GNOME#)
To modify characteristics of the login screen (GDM, the GNOME display manager) the following lines can be executed. The first command allows all users, including "gdm", to access X settings (albeit temporarily). This command creates a temporary vulnerability, so be advised. The second command opens a bash session with the credentials of user "gdm".
Note: For exposition, user gdm's terminal prompt is shown as $. In actuality, it shows something like -bash-4.2$.
# xhost +
# su - gdm -s /bin/bash
$ dbus-launch

The third command prints DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and DBUS_SESSION_BUS_PID. We must export these variables. Either manually export the below two variables shown in the output of dbus-launch like this: 

$ export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-Jb433gMQHS,guid=fc14d4bf3d000e38276a5a2200000d38
$ export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_PID=4283

Or use the follow command: 

$ `dbus-launch | sed "s/^/export /"`

Check to see if dconf-service is running and if not, start it like this 

$ /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-service &

Login background image

Once session variables have been exported as explained above, you may issue commands to retrieve or set items used by GDM.

The easiest way to changes all the settings is by launching the Configuration Editor gui with the command 

$ dconf-editor

The location of each setting is the same as in the command line style of configuration shown below:

The following is the command-line approach to retrieve or set the file name used for GDM's wallpaper. 

 $  GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri
 $  GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/SundownDunes.jpg'
 
 $  GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options 'zoom'
 ## Possible values: centered, none, scaled, spanned, stretched, wallpaper, zoom
Note: You must specify a file which user "gdm" has permission to read. GDM cannot read files in your home directory.

An alternative graphical interface to changing themes (gtk3, icons and cursor), the wallpaper and minor other settings of the GDM login screen, you can install gdm3setupAUR from AUR.

Larger font for login

This tweak enlarges the login font with a scaling factor. It is the same method employed by Accessibility Manager on the desktop.

You must export the GDM session variables before performing this tweak. 

$ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor '1.25'

Turning off the sound

This tweak disables the audible feedback heard when the system volume is adjusted (via keyboard) on the login screen. You must first export the GDM session variables. 

$ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.sound event-sounds 'false'

If the above tweak does not work for you or you are unable to export the GDM session variables, there is always the easiest solution to the "ready sound" problem: mute or lower the sound while in GDM login screen using the media keys (if available) of your keyboard.

Make the power button interactive

The default installation sets the power button to suspend the system. Power off or Show dialog is a better choice. You must first export the GDM session variables as outlined previously. 

 $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power button-power 'interactive'
 $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power button-hibernate 'interactive'
 $ gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power
Warning: Please note that the acpid daemon also handle the "power button" an "hibernate button" event. Running both systems at the same time may lead to unexpected behaviour.

Prevent suspend when closing the lid

On some systems it happens that your laptop suspends when you are closing the lid despite having set the options Laptop lid close action on battery and Laptop lid close action on AC to blank. If this is the case, append the following line to /etc/systemd/logind.conf: 

HandleLidSwitch=ignore

GDM keyboard layout

GDM does not know about your GNOME 3 desktop keyboard settings. To change keyboard settings used by GDM, set your layout using Xorg configuration. Refer to this section of the Beginner's Guide.

Other tips

See GNOME Tips.

Miscellaneous settings

Automatic program launch upon logging in

Specify which programs start automatically after logging in using gnome-session-properties. This tool is part of the gnome-session package. 

$ gnome-session-properties

Editing applications menu

gnome-menus provides gmenu-simple-editor which can show/hide menu entries.

alacarte provides a more complete menu editor for adding/editing menu entries.

Some 'System Settings' not preserved

GNOME 3 is using systemd (an init daemon for Linux) with more modern capabilities. Previously GNOME programs were altered to use Arch's init functionalities to gather settings but either the maintenance required to do this or possibly this is because of a transitioning to the new init system (read more about this here). Areas that settings will not be preserved are Date and Time and adding ICC profiles in the Color menu and possibly others.

To gain the functionality back, systemd needs to be installed and the gdm.service and NetworkManager.service services need to be enabled.

Disable sound effects in Terminal

By default the terminal has these annoying sound effects when e.g. pushing the tab button on your keyboard. One solution is to turn off or mute all sound effects in the settings menu of Gnome. However, this will also turn off notification sounds in other application such as Skype. A better solution is to open a terminal, go to Edit -> Profile Preferences -> General and untick Terminal bell.

Move dialog windows

The default configuration for dialogs will not allow you to move them which causes problems in some cases. To change this you will need to use gconf-editor and change this setting: 

/desktop/gnome/shell/windows/attach_modal_dialogs

After the change you will need to restart the shell for it to take affect.

GNOME shell extensions

GNOME Shell can be customized with extensions. These provide features such as a dock or a widget for changing the theme.

Many extensions are collected and hosted by extensions.gnome.org. They can be browsed and installed simply activating them in the browser. More information about gnome shell extensions can be found here.

See when an extension breaks GNOME for troubleshooting information.

Default file browser/replace Nautilus

You can trick GNOME into using another file browser by editing the Exec line in /usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop. See the correct parameters in the .desktop file of the file manager of your choice, e.g.: 

/usr/share/applications/nautilus.desktop
[...]
Exec=thunar %F
OR
Exec=pcmanfm %U
OR
Exec=nemo %U
[...]

Default PDF viewer

In some cases when you have installed Inkscape or other graphic programs Evince Document Viewer might no longer be selected as the default PDF application. If it is not available in the Open With entry which would be the GUI solution, you can use the following user command to make it the default application again. 

xdg-mime default evince.desktop application/pdf

Default terminal

gsettings (which replaces gconftool-2) is used to set the default terminal. The setting affects nautilus-open-terminal (a Nautilus extension). To make urxvt the default, run: 

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec urxvtc
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg "'-e'"
Note: The -e flag is for executing a command. When nautilus-open-terminal invokes urxvtc, it puts a cd command at the end of the command line so that the new terminal starts in the directory you opened it from. Other terminals will require a different (perhaps empty) exec-arg.

Middle mouse button

By default, GNOME 3 disables middle mouse button emulation regardless of Xorg settings (Emulate3Buttons). To enable middle mouse button emulation use: 

$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.mouse middle-button-enabled true

Display dimming

By default GNOME 3 has a ten second idle timeout to dim the screen regardless of the battery and AC state: 

gsettings get org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim-time

To set a new value type the following 

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power idle-dim-time <int>

where <int> is the value in seconds

Alternate window manager

You can use an alternate window manager with GNOME by forcing fallback mode and creating two files:

Note: Xmonad is used as an example, but this works for other window managers.
/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/xmonad.session
[GNOME Session]
Name=Xmonad session
RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon;
RequiredProviders=windowmanager;notifications;
DefaultProvider-windowmanager=xmonad
DefaultProvider-notifications=notification-daemon
/usr/share/xsessions/xmonad-gnome-session.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=Xmonad GNOME
Comment=Tiling window manager
TryExec=/usr/bin/gnome-session
Exec=gnome-session --session=xmonad
Type=XSession

The next time you log in, you should have the ability to choose Xmonad GNOME as your session.

If there isn't a .desktop file for the window manager, you'll need to create one. Example for wmii: 

/usr/share/applications/wmii.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=wmii
TryExec=wmii
Exec=wmii

For more information, see this article on running awesome as the window manager in GNOME.

Hidden features

GNOME 3 hides many useful options which you can customize with dconf-editor. GNOME 3 also supports gconf-editor for settings that have not yet migrated to dconf.

Changing hotkeys

It is possible to manually change the keys via an application's so-called accel map file. Where it is to be found is up to the application: For instance, Thunar's is at ~/.config/Thunar/accels.scm, whereas Nautilus's is located at ~/.config/nautilus/accels and ~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus on old release.

The file should contain a list of possible hotkeys, each unchanged line commented out with a leading ";" that has to be removed for a change to become active. For example to replace the hotkey used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder, change the line : 

; (gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/Trash" "<Primary>Delete")

to this : 

(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/Trash" "Delete")

The file is regenerate regularly so don't waist time on commenting the file. The uncommented line will stay but every comment you may add will be lost.

Nautilus 3.4 and older

Firstly, use dconf-editor to place a checkmark next to can-change-accels in the key named org.gnome.desktop.interface.

We will replace the hotkey — a.k.a. keyboard shortcut, keyboard accelerator — used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder. The default assignment is a somewhat-awkward Template:Keypress.

  • Open Nautilus, select any file, and click Edit on the menu bar.
  • Hover over the Move to Trash menu item.
  • While hovering, press Template:Keypress. The current accelerator is now unset.
  • Press the key that you wish to become the new keyboard accelerator.
  • Press Template:Keypress to make the new accelerator be the Delete key.

Unless you select a file or folder, Move to Trash will be grayed-out. Finally, disable can-change-accels to prevent accidental hotkey changes.

Shutdown via the status menu

Currently, the GNOME designers have hidden the Shutdown option inside the status menu. To shut down your system with the status menu, click the menu and hold down the Template:Keypress key so that the Suspend item changes to Power Off. The subsequent dialog allows you to shut down or restart your system.

If you disable the Suspend menu item system-wide as described elsewhere in this document you do not have to go through these motions.

Another option is to install the Alternative Status Menu extension. See the section on shell extensions. The alternative menu extension installs a new status menu with a non-hidden Power Off entry.

Modify Keyboard with XkbOptions

Using the dconf-editor, navigate to the key named org.gnome.desktop.input-sources.xkb-options and add desired XkbOptions (e.g. 'caps:swapescape') to the list.

See /usr/share/X11/xkb/rules/xorg for all XkbOptions and then /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/* for the respective descriptions.

Toggle keyboard layouts

Since Gnome does not consider any configuration in /etc/X11/conf.d/*.conf you have to set the command for layout switching either via the control center with the options Switch to previous source and Switch to next source or if you want to use Alt - Shift combination you have to use the Gnome-Tweak-Tool and set Typing -> Modifiers-only input sources -> select Alt-shift. For more information see also the forum thread.

Integrated messaging (Empathy)

Empathy, the engine behind integrated messaging, and all system settings based on messaging accounts will not show up unless the telepathy group of packages or at least one of the backends (telepathy-gabble, or telepathy-haze, for example) is installed.

These packages are not included in default Arch GNOME installs. You can install the Telepathy and optionally any backends with: 

# pacman -S telepathy

Without telepathy, Empathy will not open the account management dialog and can get stuck in this state. If this happens -- even after quitting Empathy cleanly -- the /usr/bin/empathy-accounts application can remain running and will need to be killed before you can add any new accounts.

View descriptions of telepathy components on the Freedesktop.org Telepathy Wiki.

Forcing fallback mode

Your session automatically starts in fallback mode when gnome-shell is not present, or when your hardware cannot handle graphics acceleration — such as running within a virtual machine or running on old hardware.

If you wish to enable fallback mode while still having gnome-shell installed, make the following system change:

Go to System Settings (gnome-control-center) -> Details -> Graphics and set Forced Fallback Mode to ON.

You can alternatively choose the type of session from a terminal with gsettings: 

$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session session-name gnome-fallback

You may want to log out after making the change. You will see the chosen type of session upon your next login.

To disable the forced-fallback mode change it back to gnome.

Troubleshooting

When an extension breaks GNOME

When enabling shell extensions causes GNOME breakage, you should first remove the user-theme and auto-move-windows extensions from their installation directory.

The installation directory could be one of ~/.local/share/gnome‑shell/extensions, /usr/share/gnome‑shell/extensions, or /usr/local/share/gnome‑shell/extensions. Removing these two extension-containing folders may fix the breakage. Otherwise, isolate the problem extension with trial‑and‑error.

Removing or adding an extension-containing folder to the aforementioned directories removes or adds the corresponding extension to your system. Details on GNOME Shell extensions are available at the GNOME web site.

Extensions do not work after GNOME 3 update

Locate the folder where your extensions are installed. It might be ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions or /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions.

Edit each occurrence of metadata.json which appears in each extension sub-folder.

Insert: "shell-version": ["3.6"]
Instead of (for example): "shell-version": ["3.4"]


"3.x" indicates the extension works with every Shell version. If it breaks, you'll know to change it back.

The "Windows" key

By default, this key is mapped to the "overlay-key" to launch the Overview. You can remove this key mapping to free up your Windows Key (also called Mod4), which GNOME calls Super_L, by utilizing gsettings.

Example: gsettings set org.gnome.mutter overlay-key 'Foo';. You can leave out Foo to simply remove any binding to that function.

Note: GNOME also uses Alt+F1 to launch the Overview.

Keyboard Shortcut do not work with only conky running

The gnome-shell keyboard shortcuts like Template:Keypress, Template:Keypress, and the media key shortcuts do not work if conky is the only program running. However if another application like gedit is running, then the keyboard shortcuts work.

solution: edit .conkyrc 

own_window yes
own_window_transparent yes
own_window_argb_visual yes
own_window_type dock
own_window_class Conky
own_window_hints undecorated,below,sticky,skip_taskbar,skip_pager

xf86-video-ati driver: flickers from time to time

If you use that driver, your desktop might flicker a lot when you hover the bottom right corner, and also when you start up gdm. Write the following in your /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-radeon.conf and see if it works then: 

Section "Device"
       Identifier "Radeon"
       Driver "radeon"
       Option "EnablePageFlip" "off"
EndSection

Window opens behind other windows when using multiple monitors

This is possibly a bug in GNOME Shell which causes new windows to open behind others. Unchecking "workspaces_only_on_primary" in desktop/gnome/shell/windows using gconf-editor solves this problem.

Multiple monitors and dock extension

If you have multiple monitors configured using Nvidia Twinview, the dock extension may get sandwiched in-between the monitors. You can edit the source of this extension to reposition the dock to a position of your choosing.

Edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/dock@gnome-shell-extensions.gnome.org/extension.js and locate this line in the source: 

this.actor.set_position(primary.width-this._item_size-this._spacing-2, (primary.height-height)/2);

The first parameter is the X position of the dock display, by subtracting 15 pixels as opposed to 2 pixels from this it correctly positioned on my primary monitor, you can play around with any X,Y coordinate pair to position it correctly. 

this.actor.set_position(primary.width-this._item_size-this._spacing-15, (primary.height-height)/2);

No event sounds for Empathy and other programs

If you are using OSS, you may want to install libcanberra-ossAUR from the AUR.

Gnome sets the keyboard layout to USA after every log in

See the [this] bug report for more information. It is related to GDM and can be fixed by choosing the correct layout at GDM login startup. However, users who do not use GDM or any login manager but a pure startx approach have to use a workaround. Create the file ~/.keyboard and make it executable chmod +x: 

# Set the correct keyboard layout after Gnome start
setxkbmap -layout "us,pl" -variant altgr-intl -option "grp:alt_shift_toggle" nodeadkeys

Now run gnome-session-properties and add this .keyboard file to the programs run at startup: 

Name: Keyboard layout 
Command: /home/username/.keyboard
Comment: Sets the correct keyboard layout after Gnome start

Further you need to create the executable file /etc/pm/sleep.d/90_keyboard with the following content in order to run the script on resume from suspend and hibernation. 

#!/bin/bash
case $1 in
    resume|thaw)
        /home/username/.keyboard
        ;;
esac

Panels do not respond to right-click in fallback mode

Check Configuration Editor: /apps/metacity/general/mouse_button_modifier. This modifier key (Template:Keypress, Template:Keypress, etc) used for normal windows is also used by panels and their applets.

"Show Desktop" keyboard shortcut does not work

GNOME developers treated the corresponding binding as bug (see https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=643609) due to Minimization being deprecated. To show the desktop again assign ALT+STRG+D to the following setting: 

System Settings --> Keyboard --> Shortcuts --> Navigation --> Hide all normal windows

Nautilus does not start

  1. Press Template:Keypress
  2. Enter gnome-tweak-tool
  3. Select the File Manager tab.
  4. Locate option Have file manager handle the desktop and assure it is toggled off.

Epiphany does not play Flash videos

Adobe Flash Player is buggy and does not work directly in Epiphany. See Epiphany#Flash for a workaround involving nspluginwrapper.

Unable to apply stored configuration for monitors

If you encounter this message try to disable the xrandr gnome-settings-daemon plugin : 

$ dconf write /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/xrandr/active false

Lock button fails to re-enable touchpad

Some laptops have a touchpad lock button that disables the touchpad so that users can type without worrying about touching the touchpad. It appears currently that although GNOME can lock the touchpad by pressing this button, it cannot unlock it. If the touchpad gets locked you can do the following to unlock it.

  1. Start a terminal. You can do this by pressing Template:Keypress, then typing gnome-terminal followed by pressing Template:Keypress.
  2. Type in the following command
$ xinput set-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Device Enabled" 1

Unable to connect to secured Wi-Fi networks

You can see the network connections listing, but choosing an encrypted network fails to show a dialog for key entry. You may need to install network-manager-applet. See GNOME NetworkManager setup.

"Any command has been defined 33"

When you press the Template:Keypress key (sometimes labeled Template:Keypress or Template:Keypress) to take a screenshot, and you got "Any command has been defined 33", install metacity.

GDM and GNOME use X11 cursors

To fix this issue, become root and put the following into /usr/share/icons/default/index.theme (creating the directory /usr/share/icons/default if necessary): 

/usr/share/icons/default/index.theme
[Icon Theme]
Inherits=Adwaita

Note: Instead of "Adwaita", you can choose another cursor theme (e.g. Human). Alternatively, you can install gnome-cursors-fixAUR from the AUR.

Tracker & Documents don't list any local files

In order for Tracker (and, therefore, Documents) to detect your local files, they must be stored in directories that it knows of. If your documents are contained in one of the usual XDG standard directories (i.e. "Documents" or "Music"), you should install xdg-user-dirs and run: 

 # xdg-user-dirs-update

This will create all of the usual XDG home directories if they don't already exist and it will create the config file definining these directories that Tracker and Documents depend upon.

Passwords are not remembered

If you get a password prompt every time you login, and you find password are not saved, you might need to create/set a default keyring: 

$ pacman -S seahorse

Open "Passwords and Keys" from the menu or run "seahorse". Select View > By Keyring. If there is no keyring in the left column (it will be marked with a lock icon), go to File > New > Password Keyring and give it a nice name. You will be asked to enter a password. If you do not give it a password it will be unlocked automatically even when using autologin, but passwords will not be stored securely. Finally, right-click on the keyring you just created and select "Set as default".

Windows can't be modified with Alt-Key + Mouse-Button

Change the dconf-setting "org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences.mouse-button-modifier" from <Super> back to <Alt>. It is not possible to change this with System Settings > "Keyboard" > "Shortcuts", you will find there only the regular keybindings. The developers of GNOME decided to change this from 3.4 to 3.6 because of this bug report https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=607797

External links

Retrieved from "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=GNOME&oldid=248992"