Difference between revisions of "GNOME (Česky)"
(→Instalace: Přeložen postup, přidány odkazy na český článek o D-Bus) |
Filipzeman (talk | contribs) (→Aktivování numlocku při spuštění) |
||
(32 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | + | [[Category:Desktop environments (Česky)]] | |
[[de:GNOME]] | [[de:GNOME]] | ||
+ | [[en:GNOME]] | ||
+ | [[es:GNOME]] | ||
[[fr:GNOME]] | [[fr:GNOME]] | ||
+ | [[it:GNOME]] | ||
+ | [[nl:GNOME]] | ||
[[pl:GNOME]] | [[pl:GNOME]] | ||
− | + | [[pt:GNOME]] | |
− | [[ | + | [[ru:GNOME]] |
− | + | [[sr:GNOME]] | |
+ | [[th:GNOME]] | ||
+ | [[tr:Gnome_Masaüstü_Ortamı]] | ||
+ | [[uk:GNOME]] | ||
+ | [[zh-CN:GNOME]] | ||
+ | [[zh-TW:GNOME]] | ||
+ | {{translateme}} | ||
{{Article summary start}} | {{Article summary start}} | ||
− | {{Article summary text|GNOME 3 | + | {{Article summary text|GNOME 3 poskytuje zbrusu nové moderní prostředí využívající GTK3+ toolkit.}} |
{{Article summary heading|Overview}} | {{Article summary heading|Overview}} | ||
{{Article summary text|{{Graphical user interface overview}}}} | {{Article summary text|{{Graphical user interface overview}}}} | ||
Line 33: | Line 43: | ||
'''Nouzový režim''' se podobá GNOME 2. (Používá gnome-panel/Metacity místo gnome-shell/Mutter.) | '''Nouzový režim''' se podobá GNOME 2. (Používá gnome-panel/Metacity místo gnome-shell/Mutter.) | ||
− | V nouzovém režimu stále | + | V nouzovém režimu můžete stále nahradit výchozí správce oken vámi preferovaným. |
== Upgrade z GNOME 2 == | == Upgrade z GNOME 2 == | ||
Line 39: | Line 49: | ||
{{Warning|Upgrade na GNOME 3 z aktivního GNOME 2 sezení může způsobit poškození systému.}} | {{Warning|Upgrade na GNOME 3 z aktivního GNOME 2 sezení může způsobit poškození systému.}} | ||
− | + | Aktualizaci je doporučeno spouštět z konzole nebo z jiného pracovního prostředí / správce oken. | |
# pacman -Syu | # pacman -Syu | ||
Line 67: | Line 77: | ||
=== Spouštění GNOME === | === Spouštění GNOME === | ||
− | Pro nejlepší integraci prostředí je doporučen správce přihlášení '''GDM'''. Nic vám ale nebrání v tom nainstalovat si místo GDM třeba SLiM nebo cokoliv jiného. Pro další informace o spouštění pracovního prostředí navštivte [[Display Manager (Česky)|článek o správcích displeje]] | + | Pro nejlepší integraci prostředí je doporučen správce přihlášení '''GDM'''. Nic vám ale nebrání v tom nainstalovat si místo GDM třeba [[SLiM (Česky)|SLiM]] nebo cokoliv jiného. Pro další informace o spouštění pracovního prostředí navštivte [[Display Manager (Česky)|článek o správcích displeje]]. |
− | |||
− | |||
# pacman -S gdm | # pacman -S gdm | ||
− | Pokud GNOME radši spouštíte ručně z konzole, | + | Pokud GNOME radši spouštíte ručně z konzole, přidejte následující '''jediný''' řádek začínající slovem {{ic|exec}} do souboru {{ic|~/.xinitrc}}. Pro více informací viz [[xinitrc| článek o xinitrc]]. |
− | {{ | + | {{hc|~/.xinitrc|<nowiki> |
− | # | + | #POUZE TENTO ŘÁDEK: |
exec ck-launch-session gnome-session | exec ck-launch-session gnome-session | ||
</nowiki>}} | </nowiki>}} | ||
− | + | Jakmile soubor uložíte, můžete GNOME spouštět příkazem {{ic|startx}}. | |
== Používání shellu == | == Používání shellu == | ||
Line 85: | Line 93: | ||
=== GNOME cheat sheet === | === GNOME cheat sheet === | ||
− | + | Na stránkách GNOME najdete užitečný [https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet GNOME Shell cheat sheet] s informacemi o přepínání úloh, klávesových zkratkách, práci s okny, panelem apod. | |
=== Restartování shellu === | === Restartování shellu === | ||
− | + | Po úpravách vzhledu je často vyžadováno restartovat GNOME shell. Mohli bychom se odhlásit a přihlásit, nicméně mnohem jednodušší a rychlejší je stisknout {{Keypress|Alt}} + {{Keypress|F2}} a zadat {{Keypress|r}} následované klávesou {{Keypress|Enter}}. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
== Přizpůsobení vzhledu GNOME == | == Přizpůsobení vzhledu GNOME == | ||
− | === | + | === Celkový vzhled === |
− | GNOME 3 | + | GNOME 3 sice začalo "od píky", to s sebou ale nese i některé nepříjemnosti. Jednou z nich je zatím nepříliš obsáhlý konfigurační nástroj. Pokročilejší volby tady stále jsou, akorát nejsou uživateli tolik na očích. Nové ''Nastavení systému'' je sice přehledné, každopádně nejspíš zatoužíte po více možnostech přizpůsobení vzhledu. |
− | |||
− | |||
==== Gsettings ==== | ==== Gsettings ==== | ||
− | + | Nový nástroj pro příkazový řádek '''gsettings''' uchovává nastavení v binárním formátu (na rozdíl od gconf a XML). Tutoriál [http://blog.fpmurphy.com/2011/03/customizing-the-gnome-3-shell.html Customizing the GNOME Shell] odhaluje sílu gsettings. | |
==== GNOME tweak tool ==== | ==== GNOME tweak tool ==== | ||
− | + | Tento grafický nástroj umožňuje změnit písma, motivy, tlačítka oken a další nastavení. | |
# pacman -S gnome-tweak-tool | # pacman -S gnome-tweak-tool | ||
− | |||
− | |||
==== settings.ini a nastavení vzhledu GTK3 ==== | ==== settings.ini a nastavení vzhledu GTK3 ==== | ||
− | + | Podobně jako v '''{{ic|~/.gtkrc-2.0}}''' u GTK2+, je i u GTK3 možné přizpůsobit vzhled v souboru '''{{ic|${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini}}'''. | |
− | + | Proměnná {{ic|$XDG_CONFIG_HOME}} je obvykle nastavená na '''~/.config'''. | |
− | ''Adwaita,'' | + | ''Adwaita,'' výchozí motiv GNOME 3, je součástí '''gnome-themes-standard.''' Další GTK3 motivy najdete třeba na [http://browse.deviantart.com/customization/skins/linuxutil/desktopenv/gnome/gtk3/ stránkách Deviantart.] Příklad: |
− | {{ | + | {{hc|${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini|2=<nowiki> |
[Settings] | [Settings] | ||
gtk-theme-name = Adwaita | gtk-theme-name = Adwaita | ||
gtk-fallback-icon-theme = gnome | gtk-fallback-icon-theme = gnome | ||
− | # | + | # následující volba funguje jen když ji motiv podporuje |
gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme = true | gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme = true | ||
− | # | + | # nastavení písma a jeho rozměrů |
gtk-font-name = Sans 10 | gtk-font-name = Sans 10 | ||
</nowiki>}} | </nowiki>}} | ||
− | + | Aby se změny projevily, je nezbytné [[#Restartování_shellu|restartovat GNOME shell]]. Další volby GTK najdete ve [http://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/3.0/GtkSettings.html#GtkSettings.properties vývojářské dokumentaci GNOME.] | |
==== Motiv ikon ==== | ==== Motiv ikon ==== | ||
− | + | GNOME 3 je kompatibilní s motivy ikon GNOME 2, což znamená, že se nemusíme omezovat pouze na motiv výchozí. Pro instalaci nových ikon zkopírujte adresář s motivem do '''{{ic|~/.icons}}''' například takto: | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | $ cp -R /home/user/Desktop/ | + | $ cp -R /home/user/Desktop/muj_motiv_ikon ~/.icons |
− | + | Nový motiv ''muj_motiv_ikon'' si můžete aktivovat v '''gnome-tweak-tool''' v sekci '''''Motiv'''''. | |
− | + | Jinak můžete motiv nastavit také ručně bez gnome-tweak-tool v '''{{ic|${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini}}'''. | |
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini|2=<nowiki>... předchozí řádky ... |
− | gtk-icon-theme-name = | + | gtk-icon-theme-name = muj_motiv_ikon</nowiki>}} |
=== Nautilus === | === Nautilus === | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
==== Vždy zobrazovat umístění jako text ==== | ==== Vždy zobrazovat umístění jako text ==== | ||
− | + | Nástrojová lišta Nautilu standardně používá k navigaci v podsložkách tlačítka. Pokud si přejete zobrazit cestu jako textové pole, stiskněte {{Keypress|Ctrl}} + {{Keypress|L}} | |
− | + | Pro trvalé nastavení použijte následující příkaz: | |
$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-location-entry true | $ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-location-entry true | ||
− | |||
− | |||
=== GNOME panel === | === GNOME panel === | ||
− | ==== | + | ==== Zobrazení data v horním panelu ==== |
− | + | Jako výchozí zobrazuje GNOME v horním panelu pouze den v týdnu a čas. Datum můžeme přidat následujícím příkazem. Změny se projeví ihned. | |
# gsettings set org.gnome.shell.clock show-date true | # gsettings set org.gnome.shell.clock show-date true | ||
Line 178: | Line 168: | ||
==== Skrytí ikonky zpřístupnění ==== | ==== Skrytí ikonky zpřístupnění ==== | ||
− | + | Nainstalujte {{AUR|gnome-shell-extension-noa11y-git}} z [[AUR]]. | |
==== Skrytí ikonky bluetooth ==== | ==== Skrytí ikonky bluetooth ==== | ||
Line 184: | Line 174: | ||
Deactivate bluetooth as startup-service if that is your intent. Refer to section [[#Automatic_program_launch_upon_login|Automatic program launch upon login]] | Deactivate bluetooth as startup-service if that is your intent. Refer to section [[#Automatic_program_launch_upon_login|Automatic program launch upon login]] | ||
− | Create a folder named '''{{ | + | Create a folder named '''{{ic|nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui}}''' in '''{{ic|~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions}}'''. Create two new files: |
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui/extension.js|2=<nowiki>const Panel = imports.ui.panel; |
function main() { | function main() { | ||
Line 192: | Line 182: | ||
}</nowiki>}} | }</nowiki>}} | ||
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui/metadata.json|<nowiki>{ |
"shell-version": ["3.0"], | "shell-version": ["3.0"], | ||
"uuid": "nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui", | "uuid": "nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui", | ||
Line 199: | Line 189: | ||
}</nowiki>}} | }</nowiki>}} | ||
− | [[# | + | [[#Restartování_shellu|Restart the GNOME shell.]] The icon should be hidden. If this extension ceases to work in the future, adjust the shell version number in '''{{ic|metadata.json.}}''' |
==== Zobrazení ikonky baterie ==== | ==== Zobrazení ikonky baterie ==== | ||
− | Pro zobrazení ikony baterie v oznamovací oblasti nainstalujte {{ | + | Pro zobrazení ikony baterie v oznamovací oblasti nainstalujte {{ic|gnome-power-manager}}. |
# pacman -S gnome-power-manager | # pacman -S gnome-power-manager | ||
Line 209: | Line 199: | ||
==== Zakázání položky "Uspat" ve status menu ==== | ==== Zakázání položky "Uspat" ve status menu ==== | ||
− | + | Nainstalujte Gnome Shell rozšíření [[#Rozšíření GNOME shell|alternative status menu]]. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
# pacman -S gnome-shell-extension-alternative-status-menu | # pacman -S gnome-shell-extension-alternative-status-menu | ||
Line 230: | Line 213: | ||
==== Zobrazení sledování systému ==== | ==== Zobrazení sledování systému ==== | ||
− | Nainstalujte rozšíření [ | + | Nainstalujte rozšíření [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=49250 gnome-shell-system-monitor-applet-git] dostupné v [[AUR]]. |
==== Zobrazení informací o počasí ==== | ==== Zobrazení informací o počasí ==== | ||
− | Nainstalujte {{ | + | Nainstalujte {{AUR|gnome-shell-extension-weather-git}} z [[AUR]]. |
=== Zobrazení činností === | === Zobrazení činností === | ||
Line 240: | Line 223: | ||
==== Odstranění položek z přehledu aplikací ==== | ==== Odstranění položek z přehledu aplikací ==== | ||
− | Like other desktop environments, GNOME uses .desktop files to populate its Applications view. These text files are in '''{{ | + | Like other desktop environments, GNOME uses .desktop files to populate its Applications view. These text files are in '''{{ic|/usr/share/applications}}'''. It is not possible to edit these files from a folder view ‒ Nautilus does not treat their icons as text files. Use a terminal to display or edit .desktop file entries. |
# ls /usr/share/applications | # ls /usr/share/applications | ||
# nano /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop | # nano /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop | ||
− | For system wide changes, edit files in '''{{ | + | For system wide changes, edit files in '''{{ic|/usr/share/applications}}'''. For local changes, make a copy of ''foo.desktop'' in your home folder. |
$ cp /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/ | $ cp /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/ | ||
Line 259: | Line 242: | ||
One awkward selection of the GNOME designers is their choice of large icons for Applications view. This view is painful when working with a small screen containing many large application icons. There is a way to reduce the icon size. It is done by editing the Gnome-Shell theme. | One awkward selection of the GNOME designers is their choice of large icons for Applications view. This view is painful when working with a small screen containing many large application icons. There is a way to reduce the icon size. It is done by editing the Gnome-Shell theme. | ||
− | Edit system files directly (make a backup first) or copy theme files to your local folder and edit these files. For the default theme, edit '''{{ | + | Edit system files directly (make a backup first) or copy theme files to your local folder and edit these files. For the default theme, edit '''{{ic|/usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gnome-shell.css}}''' |
− | For user themes, edit '''{{ | + | For user themes, edit '''{{ic|/usr/share/themes/<UserTheme>/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css}}''' |
− | Edit ''gnome-shell.css'' and replace the following values. Afterward, [[# | + | Edit ''gnome-shell.css'' and replace the following values. Afterward, [[#Restartování_shellu|restart the GNOME shell.]] |
− | {{ | + | {{hc|gnome-shell.css|<nowiki> |
.icon-grid { | .icon-grid { | ||
spacing: 18px; | spacing: 18px; | ||
Line 275: | Line 258: | ||
</nowiki>}} | </nowiki>}} | ||
− | A cloned GNOME Shell theme with smaller icons is available [ | + | A cloned GNOME Shell theme with smaller icons is available [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=51586 on the AUR]. |
=== Záhlaví okna === | === Záhlaví okna === | ||
Line 283: | Line 266: | ||
# sed -i '/title_vertical_pad/s|value="[0-9]\{1,2\}"|value="0"|g' /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml | # sed -i '/title_vertical_pad/s|value="[0-9]\{1,2\}"|value="0"|g' /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml | ||
− | [[# | + | [[#Restartování_shellu|Restartujte GNOME shell.]] Příkaz změní vertikální odsazení titulku ze 14 na 0 a dodá záhlaví uhlazenější vzhled. |
Pro obnovení původních hodnot: | Pro obnovení původních hodnot: | ||
Line 293: | Line 276: | ||
At present this setting is changeable only through '''gconf-editor.''' | At present this setting is changeable only through '''gconf-editor.''' | ||
− | For example, we move the close and minimize buttons to the left side of the titlebar. Open '''gconf-editor''' and locate the '''''desktop.gnome.shell.windows.button_layout''''' key. Change its value to '''{{ | + | For example, we move the close and minimize buttons to the left side of the titlebar. Open '''gconf-editor''' and locate the '''''desktop.gnome.shell.windows.button_layout''''' key. Change its value to '''{{ic|close,minimize:}}''' (Colon symbol designates the spacer between left side and right side of the titlebar.) Use whichever buttons in whatever order you prefer. You cannot use a button more than once. Also, keep in mind that certain buttons are deprecated. [[#Restartování_shellu|Restart the shell]] to see your new button arrangement. |
==== Skrytí záhlaví při maximalizaci ==== | ==== Skrytí záhlaví při maximalizaci ==== | ||
Line 299: | Line 282: | ||
# sed -i -r 's|(<frame_geometry name="max")|\1 has_title="false"|' /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml | # sed -i -r 's|(<frame_geometry name="max")|\1 has_title="false"|' /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml | ||
− | [[# | + | [[#Restartování_shellu|Restartujte GNOME shell.]] Po této úpravě možná budete mít problém zrušit maximalizaci okna, když ho nebude za co chytit. |
With suitable keybindings, you should be able to use {{Keypress|Alt}} + {{Keypress|F5}}, {{Keypress|Alt}} + {{Keypress|F10}} or {{Keypress|Alt}} + {{Keypress|Space}} to remedy the situation. | With suitable keybindings, you should be able to use {{Keypress|Alt}} + {{Keypress|F5}}, {{Keypress|Alt}} + {{Keypress|F10}} or {{Keypress|Alt}} + {{Keypress|Space}} to remedy the situation. | ||
− | To prevent '''{{ | + | To prevent '''{{ic|metacity-theme-3.xml}}''' from being overwritten each time package "gnome-themes-standard" is upgraded, add its name to '''{{ic|/etc/pacman.conf}}''' with {{ic|NoUpgrade}}. |
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|/etc/pacman.conf|2=<nowiki>... previous lines ... |
# Pacman won't upgrade packages listed in IgnorePkg and members of IgnoreGroup | # Pacman won't upgrade packages listed in IgnorePkg and members of IgnoreGroup | ||
Line 335: | Line 318: | ||
$ `dbus-launch | sed "s/^/export /"` | $ `dbus-launch | sed "s/^/export /"` | ||
− | |||
Check to see if dconf-service is running and if not, start it like this | Check to see if dconf-service is running and if not, start it like this | ||
Line 352: | Line 334: | ||
The following is the command-line approach to retrieve or set the file name used for GDM's wallpaper. | The following is the command-line approach to retrieve or set the file name used for GDM's wallpaper. | ||
− | < | + | {{bc|<nowiki> |
− | + | $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri | |
− | + | $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/SundownDunes.jpg' | |
− | + | ||
− | + | $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options 'zoom' | |
− | + | ## Possible values: centered, none, scaled, spanned, stretched, wallpaper, zoom</nowiki>}} | |
Note: You must specify a file which user "gdm" has permission to read. GDM cannot read files in your home directory. | Note: You must specify a file which user "gdm" has permission to read. GDM cannot read files in your home directory. | ||
Line 397: | Line 379: | ||
==== Nastavení aplikací spouštěných při přihlášení ==== | ==== Nastavení aplikací spouštěných při přihlášení ==== | ||
− | Aplikace, které se automaticky spouští po přihlášení nastavíme pomocí {{ | + | Aplikace, které se automaticky spouští po přihlášení nastavíme pomocí {{ic|gnome-session-properties}}. Tento nástroj je součástí balíčku {{ic|gnome-session}}. |
$ gnome-session-properties | $ gnome-session-properties | ||
Line 408: | Line 390: | ||
$ gnome-session-properties | $ gnome-session-properties | ||
− | + | Výše uvedený příkaz otevře nabídku '''Předvolby aplikací spouštěných při přihlášení'''. Zvolte '''''Přidat''''' and vyplňte následovně: | |
{| border="0" | {| border="0" | ||
− | | | + | | Název: || ''Numlockx'' |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Příkaz: || ''/usr/bin/numlockx on'' |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Komentář: || ''Turns on numlock.'' |
|} | |} | ||
− | + | Toto nastavení bude platné pouze pro aktuálního uživatele. Pokud budete chtít toto nastavit i pro jiné uživatele, postupujte stejným způsobem. | |
=== Rozšíření GNOME shell === | === Rozšíření GNOME shell === | ||
Line 424: | Line 406: | ||
GNOME Shell can be customized with extensions written by others. These provide features such as a dock or a widget for changing the theme. Details on available extensions are found at the [http://www.webupd8.org/2011/04/gnome-shell-extensions-additional.html WEBUPD8] site. The most recent articles can be found using this [http://www.webupd8.org/search/label/gnome%20shell%20extensions?max-results=20 WEBUPD8 search link.] | GNOME Shell can be customized with extensions written by others. These provide features such as a dock or a widget for changing the theme. Details on available extensions are found at the [http://www.webupd8.org/2011/04/gnome-shell-extensions-additional.html WEBUPD8] site. The most recent articles can be found using this [http://www.webupd8.org/search/label/gnome%20shell%20extensions?max-results=20 WEBUPD8 search link.] | ||
− | Repository '''[extras]''' has a dozen extensions which can be installed individually. (The latest version of a given extension may be installed using its code snapshot, if preferred.) [ | + | Repository '''[extras]''' has a dozen extensions which can be installed individually. (The latest version of a given extension may be installed using its code snapshot, if preferred.) [https://www.archlinux.org/packages/?sort=&q=gnome-shell-extension&maintainer=&last_update=&flagged=&limit=50 List here.] |
$ pacman -Ss gnome-shell-extension | $ pacman -Ss gnome-shell-extension | ||
Line 437: | Line 419: | ||
| ''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=48607 Alternative Status Menu]'' || Adds "Hibernate" and "Power Off" to the status menu. | | ''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=48607 Alternative Status Menu]'' || Adds "Hibernate" and "Power Off" to the status menu. | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | ''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=51102 Theme selector]'' || Select a theme in the activities overview. To install a custom theme with Gnome Tweak Tool you need to install the ''[ | + | | ''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=51102 Theme selector]'' || Select a theme in the activities overview. To install a custom theme with Gnome Tweak Tool you need to install the ''[https://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/any/gnome-shell-extension-user-theme User theme extension]'' |
|} | |} | ||
− | [[# | + | [[#Restartování_shellu|Restart the GNOME Shell]] after installing an extension. See [[#When_an_extension_breaks_GNOME|when an extension breaks GNOME]] for troubleshooting information. |
=== Výchozí terminál === | === Výchozí terminál === | ||
− | {{ | + | {{ic|gsettings}}, which replaces {{ic|gconftool-2}} in GNOME 3, is used to set e. g. the default terminal manually. The setting is relevant for ''nautilus-open-terminal''. |
The commands for [[rxvt-unicode|urxvt]] run as daemon: | The commands for [[rxvt-unicode|urxvt]] run as daemon: | ||
Line 450: | Line 432: | ||
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg "'-e'" | gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg "'-e'" | ||
− | {{Note|For ''nautilus-open-terminal'', you may need a flag (e.g. {{ | + | {{Note|For ''nautilus-open-terminal'', you may need a flag (e.g. {{ic|-e}}) to indicate that a command will follow: ''nautilus-open-terminal'' passes a {{ic|cd}} command in order to change directories to the appropriate location.}} |
=== Prostřední tlačítko myši === | === Prostřední tlačítko myši === | ||
Line 464: | Line 446: | ||
Upgrading to GNOME 3 will likely break your xmonad setup. You can use xmonad again by [[#Enabling_fallback_mode|forcing fallback mode]] and creating two files: | Upgrading to GNOME 3 will likely break your xmonad setup. You can use xmonad again by [[#Enabling_fallback_mode|forcing fallback mode]] and creating two files: | ||
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/xmonad.session|2=<nowiki>[GNOME Session] |
Name=Xmonad session | Name=Xmonad session | ||
RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon; | RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon; | ||
Line 471: | Line 453: | ||
DefaultProvider-notifications=notification-daemon</nowiki>}} | DefaultProvider-notifications=notification-daemon</nowiki>}} | ||
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|/usr/share/xsessions/xmonad-gnome-session.desktop|2=<nowiki>[Desktop Entry] |
Name=Xmonad GNOME | Name=Xmonad GNOME | ||
Comment=Tiling window manager | Comment=Tiling window manager | ||
Line 486: | Line 468: | ||
You can use wmii with gnome by [[#Enabling_fallback_mode|forcing fallback mode]] and creating tree files: | You can use wmii with gnome by [[#Enabling_fallback_mode|forcing fallback mode]] and creating tree files: | ||
− | + | : {{hc|/usr/share/applications/wmii.desktop|2=<nowiki> | |
− | : {{ | ||
[Desktop Entry] | [Desktop Entry] | ||
Version=1.0 | Version=1.0 | ||
Line 495: | Line 476: | ||
Exec=wmii</nowiki>}} | Exec=wmii</nowiki>}} | ||
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|/usr/share/xsessions/gnome-wmii.desktop|2=<nowiki> |
[Desktop Entry] | [Desktop Entry] | ||
Name=Gnome-wmii | Name=Gnome-wmii | ||
Line 503: | Line 484: | ||
Type=Application</nowiki>}} | Type=Application</nowiki>}} | ||
− | : {{ | + | : {{hc|/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/wmii.session|2=<nowiki> |
[GNOME Session] | [GNOME Session] | ||
Name=wmii | Name=wmii | ||
Line 529: | Line 510: | ||
== Hidden features == | == Hidden features == | ||
− | GNOME 3 | + | GNOME 3 ukrývá spoustu užitečných voleb, které lze upravit pomocí '''dconf-editor.''' GNOME 3 dále podporuje '''gconf-editor''' pro úpravu nastavení, která ještě nepřešla pod správu pomocí dconf. |
=== Úprava klávesových zkratek === | === Úprava klávesových zkratek === | ||
− | Firstly, use '''dconf-editor''' to place a checkmark next to {{ | + | Firstly, use '''dconf-editor''' to place a checkmark next to {{ic|can-change-accels}} in the key named ''org.gnome.desktop.interface.'' |
We will replace the hotkey — a.k.a. keyboard shortcut, keyboard accelerator — used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder. | We will replace the hotkey — a.k.a. keyboard shortcut, keyboard accelerator — used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder. | ||
Line 545: | Line 526: | ||
* Press {{Keypress|Delete}} to make the new accelerator be the Delete key. | * Press {{Keypress|Delete}} to make the new accelerator be the Delete key. | ||
− | Unless you select a file or folder, ''Move to Trash'' will be grayed-out. Finally, disable {{ | + | Unless you select a file or folder, ''Move to Trash'' will be grayed-out. Finally, disable {{ic|can-change-accels}} to prevent accidental hotkey changes. |
=== Shutdown via the status menu === | === Shutdown via the status menu === | ||
Line 573: | Line 554: | ||
If you wish to enable fallback mode while still having '''gnome-shell''' installed, make the following system change: | If you wish to enable fallback mode while still having '''gnome-shell''' installed, make the following system change: | ||
− | Open '''gnome-control-center.''' Click the ''System Info'' icon. Click Graphics. Change ''Forced Fallback Mode'' to {{ | + | Open '''gnome-control-center.''' Click the ''System Info'' icon. Click Graphics. Change ''Forced Fallback Mode'' to {{ic|ON.}} |
You can alternatively choose the type of session from a terminal with a ''gsettings'' command: | You can alternatively choose the type of session from a terminal with a ''gsettings'' command: | ||
Line 597: | Line 578: | ||
When enabling shell extensions causes GNOME breakage, you should first remove the ''user-theme'' and ''auto-move-windows'' extensions from their installation directory. | When enabling shell extensions causes GNOME breakage, you should first remove the ''user-theme'' and ''auto-move-windows'' extensions from their installation directory. | ||
− | The installation directory could be one of '''{{ | + | The installation directory could be one of '''{{ic|~/.local/share/gnome‑shell/extensions,}}''' '''{{ic|/usr/share/gnome‑shell/extensions,}}''' or '''{{ic|/usr/local/share/gnome‑shell/extensions}}'''. Removing these two extension-containing folders may fix the breakage. Otherwise, isolate the problem extension with trial‑and‑error. |
Removing or adding an extension-containing folder to the aforementioned directories removes or adds the corresponding extension to your system. Details on Gnome Shell extensions are available at the [https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/Extensions GNOME web site.] | Removing or adding an extension-containing folder to the aforementioned directories removes or adds the corresponding extension to your system. Details on Gnome Shell extensions are available at the [https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/Extensions GNOME web site.] | ||
Line 603: | Line 584: | ||
=== Extensions do not work after GNOME 3 update === | === Extensions do not work after GNOME 3 update === | ||
− | Locate the folder where your extensions are installed. It might be '''{{ | + | Locate the folder where your extensions are installed. It might be '''{{ic|~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions}}''' or '''{{ic|/usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions}}'''. |
− | Edit each occurrence of '''{{ | + | Edit each occurrence of '''{{ic|metadata.json}}''' which appears in each extension sub-folder. |
{| border="0" | {| border="0" | ||
− | | Insert: || '''{{ | + | | Insert: || '''{{ic|"shell-version": ["3.0"]}}''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Instead of (for example): || '''{{ | + | | Instead of (for example): || '''{{ic|"shell-version": ["3.0.1"]}}''' |
|- | |- | ||
− | | You might instead use: || '''{{ | + | | You might instead use: || '''{{ic|"shell-version": ["3.0.0", "3.0.1", "3.0.2"]}}''' |
|} | |} | ||
Line 622: | Line 603: | ||
Screen lock only works when you suspend through GNOME's status menu. If you suspend or hibernate using the power button, your screen is not locked after resume. The problem is a configuration failure in dconf. | Screen lock only works when you suspend through GNOME's status menu. If you suspend or hibernate using the power button, your screen is not locked after resume. The problem is a configuration failure in dconf. | ||
− | Open ''dconf-editor'' and uncheck '''{{ | + | Open ''dconf-editor'' and uncheck '''{{ic|lock-use-screensaver}}''' in the key named ''org.gnome.power-manager.'' |
# gsettings set org.gnome.power-manager lock-use-screensaver 'false' | # gsettings set org.gnome.power-manager lock-use-screensaver 'false' | ||
Line 632: | Line 613: | ||
That usually happens when '''oxygen-gtk''' is installed. This theme appears to conflict with GNOME 3 or GTK3 settings. When '''oxygen-gtk''' has been set as a GTK2 theme, GTK2 apps segfault with errors like these: | That usually happens when '''oxygen-gtk''' is installed. This theme appears to conflict with GNOME 3 or GTK3 settings. When '''oxygen-gtk''' has been set as a GTK2 theme, GTK2 apps segfault with errors like these: | ||
− | + | {{bc| (firefox-bin:14345): GLib-GObject-WARNING **: invalid (NULL) pointer instance | |
(firefox-bin:14345): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_signal_connect_data: assertion `G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE (instance)' failed | (firefox-bin:14345): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_signal_connect_data: assertion `G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE (instance)' failed | ||
Line 642: | Line 623: | ||
(firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_window_new: assertion `GDK_IS_WINDOW (parent)' failed | (firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_window_new: assertion `GDK_IS_WINDOW (parent)' failed | ||
Segmentation fault | Segmentation fault | ||
− | + | }} | |
The current workaround is to remove '''oxygen-gtk''' from the system and use a different theme for applications. | The current workaround is to remove '''oxygen-gtk''' from the system and use a different theme for applications. | ||
Line 670: | Line 651: | ||
=== Editing hotkeys via can-change-accels fails === | === Editing hotkeys via can-change-accels fails === | ||
− | It is also possible to manually change the keys via an application's so-called accel map file. Where it is to be found is up to the application: For instance, Thunar's is at {{ | + | It is also possible to manually change the keys via an application's so-called accel map file. Where it is to be found is up to the application: For instance, Thunar's is at {{ic|~/.config/Thunar/accels.scm}}, whereas Nautilus's is located at {{ic|~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus}}. The file should contain a list of possible hotkeys, each unchanged line commented out with a leading ";" that has to be removed for a change to become active. |
=== Panels do not respond to right-click in fallback mode === | === Panels do not respond to right-click in fallback mode === | ||
Line 685: | Line 666: | ||
# Press {{keypress|ALT}}+{{keypress|F2}} | # Press {{keypress|ALT}}+{{keypress|F2}} | ||
− | # Enter {{ | + | # Enter {{ic|gnome-tweak-tool}} |
# Select the ''File Manager'' tab. | # Select the ''File Manager'' tab. | ||
# Locate option ''Have file manager handle the desktop'' and assure it is toggled '''off'''. | # Locate option ''Have file manager handle the desktop'' and assure it is toggled '''off'''. | ||
Line 702: | Line 683: | ||
Some laptops have a touchpad lock button that disables the touchpad so that users can type without worrying about touching the touchpad. It appears currently that although GNOME can lock the touchpad by pressing this button, it can't unlock it. If the touchpad gets locked you can do the following to unlock it. | Some laptops have a touchpad lock button that disables the touchpad so that users can type without worrying about touching the touchpad. It appears currently that although GNOME can lock the touchpad by pressing this button, it can't unlock it. If the touchpad gets locked you can do the following to unlock it. | ||
− | # Start a terminal. You can do this by pressing {{keypress|ALT}}+{{keypress|F2}} , then typing {{ | + | # Start a terminal. You can do this by pressing {{keypress|ALT}}+{{keypress|F2}} , then typing {{ic|gnome-terminal}} and then pressing {{keypress|ENTER}} |
# Type in the following command | # Type in the following command | ||
$ xinput set-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Device Enabled" 1 | $ xinput set-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Device Enabled" 1 | ||
Line 708: | Line 689: | ||
=== Ctrl+V pastes path instead of file in Nautilus === | === Ctrl+V pastes path instead of file in Nautilus === | ||
− | If you are affected by this issue, edit {{ | + | If you are affected by this issue, edit {{ic|~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus}} where you can find two lines for Ctrl+V : |
− | {{ | + | {{hc|~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus|<nowiki> |
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/Paste" "<Control>v") | (gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/Paste" "<Control>v") | ||
... | ... | ||
Line 738: | Line 719: | ||
$ echo "Inherits=Adwaita" >> index.theme | $ echo "Inherits=Adwaita" >> index.theme | ||
− | Alternatively, you can install {{ | + | Alternatively, you can install {{AUR|gnome-cursors-fix}} from [[AUR]]. |
== External links == | == External links == |
Revision as of 13:57, 2 July 2013
Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end
Projekt GNOME začal od píky a vytvořil úplně nový desktop jménem GNOME 3. Nabízí:
- Moderní vzhled a písmo
- Přístup ke všem oknům a aplikacím pomocí "Činností"
- Přívětivý systém notifikací a nenápadný horní panel
- Integraci vylepšeného prohlížeče souborů Nautilus
- Integrované služby pro komunikaci
- Novou aplikaci pro nastavení systému
- Vyhledávací funkci činností
- Funkce jako automatické rozmisťování oken
Další informace najdete na oficiálních stránkách GNOME 3.
Contents
- 1 Úvod
- 2 Upgrade z GNOME 2
- 3 Instalace
- 4 Používání shellu
- 5 Přizpůsobení vzhledu GNOME
- 6 Miscellaneous settings
- 7 Hidden features
- 8 Integrated messaging (Empathy)
- 9 Enabling fallback mode
- 10 Troubleshooting
- 10.1 GNOME login takes a very long time
- 10.2 When an extension breaks GNOME
- 10.3 Extensions do not work after GNOME 3 update
- 10.4 Screen is not locked after resume
- 10.5 GTK2+ apps show segfaults and fail to launch
- 10.6 ATI Catalyst driver creates glitches and artifacts
- 10.7 Multiple monitors and dock extension
- 10.8 No event sounds for Empathy and other programs
- 10.9 Editing hotkeys via can-change-accels fails
- 10.10 Panels do not respond to right-click in fallback mode
- 10.11 "Show Desktop" keyboard shortcut does not work
- 10.12 Nautilus does not start
- 10.13 Epiphany does not play flash videos
- 10.14 Unable to apply stored configuration for monitors
- 10.15 Lock button fails to re-enable touchpad
- 10.16 Ctrl+V pastes path instead of file in Nautilus
- 10.17 Unable to connect to secured wi-fi network
- 10.18 "Any command has been defined 33"
- 10.19 GDM and Gnome use X11 cursors
- 11 External links
Úvod
GNOME 3 má dvě prostředí: GNOME Shell (nový standardní layout) a nouzový režim (fallback mode). Sezení GNOME automaticky rozpozná, kdy počítač není schopen spustit Gnome Shell a v případě nutnosti spustí nouzový režim.
Nouzový režim se podobá GNOME 2. (Používá gnome-panel/Metacity místo gnome-shell/Mutter.)
V nouzovém režimu můžete stále nahradit výchozí správce oken vámi preferovaným.
Upgrade z GNOME 2
Aktualizaci je doporučeno spouštět z konzole nebo z jiného pracovního prostředí / správce oken.
# pacman -Syu
Touto aktualizací jsme nainstalovali pouze nouzový režim GNOME 3.x. Pro instaci nového GNOME shellu:
# pacman -S gnome-shell
V závislosti na vašem nastavení může být pro správnou funkčnost nezbytné odstranit starou konfiguraci:
$ mv .config .config.bak $ mv .gconf .gconf.bak $ mv .gnome2 .gnome2.bak
Instalace
GNOME 3 se nachází v repozitáři [extra]. Skupina gnome obsahuje základní pracovní prostředí a aplikace, gnome-extra obsahuje některé další volitelné součásti. Pokud si nejste jisti, jestli všechny balíčky využijete, pročtěte si před instalací jejich popisy (nebo je prostě odstraňte později).
Příklad:
# pacman -Syu gnome # pacman -S gnome-extra
D-Bus démon
GNOME pro svůj běh vyžaduje D-Bus démon. V článku D-Bus najdete návod na jeho instalaci.
Spouštění GNOME
Pro nejlepší integraci prostředí je doporučen správce přihlášení GDM. Nic vám ale nebrání v tom nainstalovat si místo GDM třeba SLiM nebo cokoliv jiného. Pro další informace o spouštění pracovního prostředí navštivte článek o správcích displeje.
# pacman -S gdm
Pokud GNOME radši spouštíte ručně z konzole, přidejte následující jediný řádek začínající slovem exec
do souboru ~/.xinitrc
. Pro více informací viz článek o xinitrc.
~/.xinitrc
#POUZE TENTO ŘÁDEK: exec ck-launch-session gnome-session
Jakmile soubor uložíte, můžete GNOME spouštět příkazem startx
.
Používání shellu
GNOME cheat sheet
Na stránkách GNOME najdete užitečný GNOME Shell cheat sheet s informacemi o přepínání úloh, klávesových zkratkách, práci s okny, panelem apod.
Restartování shellu
Po úpravách vzhledu je často vyžadováno restartovat GNOME shell. Mohli bychom se odhlásit a přihlásit, nicméně mnohem jednodušší a rychlejší je stisknout Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress a zadat Template:Keypress následované klávesou Template:Keypress.
Přizpůsobení vzhledu GNOME
Celkový vzhled
GNOME 3 sice začalo "od píky", to s sebou ale nese i některé nepříjemnosti. Jednou z nich je zatím nepříliš obsáhlý konfigurační nástroj. Pokročilejší volby tady stále jsou, akorát nejsou uživateli tolik na očích. Nové Nastavení systému je sice přehledné, každopádně nejspíš zatoužíte po více možnostech přizpůsobení vzhledu.
Gsettings
Nový nástroj pro příkazový řádek gsettings uchovává nastavení v binárním formátu (na rozdíl od gconf a XML). Tutoriál Customizing the GNOME Shell odhaluje sílu gsettings.
GNOME tweak tool
Tento grafický nástroj umožňuje změnit písma, motivy, tlačítka oken a další nastavení.
# pacman -S gnome-tweak-tool
settings.ini a nastavení vzhledu GTK3
Podobně jako v ~/.gtkrc-2.0
u GTK2+, je i u GTK3 možné přizpůsobit vzhled v souboru ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
.
Proměnná $XDG_CONFIG_HOME
je obvykle nastavená na ~/.config.
Adwaita, výchozí motiv GNOME 3, je součástí gnome-themes-standard. Další GTK3 motivy najdete třeba na stránkách Deviantart. Příklad:
${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
[Settings] gtk-theme-name = Adwaita gtk-fallback-icon-theme = gnome # následující volba funguje jen když ji motiv podporuje gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme = true # nastavení písma a jeho rozměrů gtk-font-name = Sans 10
Aby se změny projevily, je nezbytné restartovat GNOME shell. Další volby GTK najdete ve vývojářské dokumentaci GNOME.
Motiv ikon
GNOME 3 je kompatibilní s motivy ikon GNOME 2, což znamená, že se nemusíme omezovat pouze na motiv výchozí. Pro instalaci nových ikon zkopírujte adresář s motivem do ~/.icons
například takto:
$ cp -R /home/user/Desktop/muj_motiv_ikon ~/.icons
Nový motiv muj_motiv_ikon si můžete aktivovat v gnome-tweak-tool v sekci Motiv.
Jinak můžete motiv nastavit také ručně bez gnome-tweak-tool v ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
.
-
${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
... předchozí řádky ... gtk-icon-theme-name = muj_motiv_ikon
Nautilus
Vždy zobrazovat umístění jako text
Nástrojová lišta Nautilu standardně používá k navigaci v podsložkách tlačítka. Pokud si přejete zobrazit cestu jako textové pole, stiskněte Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress
Pro trvalé nastavení použijte následující příkaz:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences always-use-location-entry true
GNOME panel
Zobrazení data v horním panelu
Jako výchozí zobrazuje GNOME v horním panelu pouze den v týdnu a čas. Datum můžeme přidat následujícím příkazem. Změny se projeví ihned.
# gsettings set org.gnome.shell.clock show-date true
Skrytí ikonky zpřístupnění
Nainstalujte gnome-shell-extension-noa11y-gitAUR z AUR.
Skrytí ikonky bluetooth
Deactivate bluetooth as startup-service if that is your intent. Refer to section Automatic program launch upon login
Create a folder named nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui
in ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions
. Create two new files:
-
~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui/extension.js
const Panel = imports.ui.panel; function main() { Panel.STANDARD_TRAY_ICON_SHELL_IMPLEMENTATION['bluetooth'] = ''; }
-
~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui/metadata.json
{ "shell-version": ["3.0"], "uuid": "nobluetooth.icon@panel.ui", "name": "nbluetooth", "description": "Turn off the bluetooth icon in the panel" }
Restart the GNOME shell. The icon should be hidden. If this extension ceases to work in the future, adjust the shell version number in metadata.json.
Zobrazení ikonky baterie
Pro zobrazení ikony baterie v oznamovací oblasti nainstalujte gnome-power-manager
.
# pacman -S gnome-power-manager
Nainstalujte Gnome Shell rozšíření alternative status menu.
# pacman -S gnome-shell-extension-alternative-status-menu
Eliminate delay when logging out
The following tweak removes the confirmation dialog and sixty second delay for logging out.
This dialog normally appears when you log out with the status menu. This tweak affects the Power Off dialog as well. This is not a system-wide change; it affects only the user who enters this command. The change takes effect immediately after entering the command.
$ gsettings set org.gnome.SessionManager logout-prompt 'false'
Zobrazení sledování systému
Nainstalujte rozšíření gnome-shell-system-monitor-applet-git dostupné v AUR.
Zobrazení informací o počasí
Nainstalujte gnome-shell-extension-weather-gitAUR z AUR.
Zobrazení činností
Odstranění položek z přehledu aplikací
Like other desktop environments, GNOME uses .desktop files to populate its Applications view. These text files are in /usr/share/applications
. It is not possible to edit these files from a folder view ‒ Nautilus does not treat their icons as text files. Use a terminal to display or edit .desktop file entries.
# ls /usr/share/applications # nano /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop
For system wide changes, edit files in /usr/share/applications
. For local changes, make a copy of foo.desktop in your home folder.
$ cp /usr/share/applications/foo.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/
Edit .desktop files to fit your wishes. Note: removing a .desktop file does not uninstall an application, but instead removes its desktop integration: MIME types, shortcuts, and so forth.
The following command appends one line to a .desktop file and hides its associated icon from Applications view:
$ echo "NoDisplay=true" >> foo.desktop
Zmenšení velikosti ikon aplikací
One awkward selection of the GNOME designers is their choice of large icons for Applications view. This view is painful when working with a small screen containing many large application icons. There is a way to reduce the icon size. It is done by editing the Gnome-Shell theme.
Edit system files directly (make a backup first) or copy theme files to your local folder and edit these files. For the default theme, edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gnome-shell.css
For user themes, edit /usr/share/themes/<UserTheme>/gnome-shell/gnome-shell.css
Edit gnome-shell.css and replace the following values. Afterward, restart the GNOME shell.
gnome-shell.css
.icon-grid { spacing: 18px; -shell-grid-item-size: 82px; } .icon-grid .overview-icon { icon-size: 48px; }
A cloned GNOME Shell theme with smaller icons is available on the AUR.
Záhlaví okna
Ztenčení záhlaví
# sed -i '/title_vertical_pad/s|value="[0-9]\{1,2\}"|value="0"|g' /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml
Restartujte GNOME shell. Příkaz změní vertikální odsazení titulku ze 14 na 0 a dodá záhlaví uhlazenější vzhled.
Pro obnovení původních hodnot:
$ sudo pacman -S gnome-themes-standard
Úprava tlačítek záhlaví
At present this setting is changeable only through gconf-editor.
For example, we move the close and minimize buttons to the left side of the titlebar. Open gconf-editor and locate the desktop.gnome.shell.windows.button_layout key. Change its value to close,minimize:
(Colon symbol designates the spacer between left side and right side of the titlebar.) Use whichever buttons in whatever order you prefer. You cannot use a button more than once. Also, keep in mind that certain buttons are deprecated. Restart the shell to see your new button arrangement.
Skrytí záhlaví při maximalizaci
# sed -i -r 's|(<frame_geometry name="max")|\1 has_title="false"|' /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml
Restartujte GNOME shell. Po této úpravě možná budete mít problém zrušit maximalizaci okna, když ho nebude za co chytit.
With suitable keybindings, you should be able to use Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress, Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress or Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress to remedy the situation.
To prevent metacity-theme-3.xml
from being overwritten each time package "gnome-themes-standard" is upgraded, add its name to /etc/pacman.conf
with NoUpgrade
.
-
/etc/pacman.conf
... previous lines ... # Pacman won't upgrade packages listed in IgnorePkg and members of IgnoreGroup # IgnorePkg = # IgnoreGroup = NoUpgrade = usr/share/themes/Adwaita/metacity-1/metacity-theme-3.xml # Do not add a leading slash to the path ... more lines ...
To restore original Adwaita theme values:
# pacman -S gnome-themes-standard
Přihlašovací obrazovka
To modify characteristics of the login screen (GDM, the GNOME display manager) the following lines can be executed. The first command allows all users, including "gdm", to access X settings (albeit temporarily). This command creates a temporary vulnerability, so be advised. The second command opens a bash session with the credentials of user "gdm". Note: for exposition, user gdm's terminal prompt is shown as $. In actuality, it shows something like -bash-4.2$.
# xhost + # su - gdm -s /bin/bash $ dbus-launch
The third command prints DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS and DBUS_SESSION_BUS_PID. We must export these variables. Either manually export the below two variables shown in the output of dbus-launch like this:
$ export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-Jb433gMQHS,guid=fc14d4bf3d000e38276a5a2200000d38 $ export DBUS_SESSION_BUS_PID=4283
Or use the follow command:
$ `dbus-launch | sed "s/^/export /"`
Check to see if dconf-service is running and if not, start it like this
$ /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-service &
Pozadí přihlašovací obrazovky
Once session variables have been exported as explained above, you may issue commands to retrieve or set items used by GDM.
The easiest way to changes all the settings is by launching the Configuration Editor gui with the command
$ dconf-editor
The location of each setting is the same as in the command line style of configuration shown below:
The following is the command-line approach to retrieve or set the file name used for GDM's wallpaper.
$ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri 'file:///usr/share/backgrounds/gnome/SundownDunes.jpg' $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options 'zoom' ## Possible values: centered, none, scaled, spanned, stretched, wallpaper, zoom
Note: You must specify a file which user "gdm" has permission to read. GDM cannot read files in your home directory.
An alternative graphical interface to changing themes (gtk3, icons and cursor), the wallpaper and minor other settings of the GDM login screen, you can install gdm3setup from AUR.
Větší písmo pro přihlášení
This tweak enlarges the login font with a scaling factor. It is the same method employed by Accessibility Manager on the desktop.
You must export the GDM session variables before performing this tweak.
$ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor '1.25'
Vypnutí zvuku
This tweak disables the audible feedback heard when the system volume is adjusted (via keyboard) on the login screen. You must first export the GDM session variables.
$ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.sound event-sounds 'false'
If the above tweak does not work for you or you are unable to export the GDM session variables, there is always the easiest solution to the "ready sound" problem: mute or lower the sound while in GDM login screen using the media keys (if available) of your keyboard.
Make the power button interactive
The default installation sets the power button to suspend the system. Power off or Show dialog is a better choice. You must first export the GDM session variables as outlined previously.
$ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power button-power 'interactive' $ GSETTINGS_BACKEND=dconf gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power button-hibernate 'interactive' $ gsettings list-recursively org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power
Rozložení klávesnice v GDM
GDM neví o vašem nastavení klávesnice v GNOME 3. Pro změnu nastavení klávesnice v GDM nastavte požadované rozložení v Xorg konfiguraci. Viz Beginner's Guide.
Další tipy
Viz GNOME Tips.
Miscellaneous settings
Nastavení aplikací spouštěných při přihlášení
Aplikace, které se automaticky spouští po přihlášení nastavíme pomocí gnome-session-properties
. Tento nástroj je součástí balíčku gnome-session
.
$ gnome-session-properties
Aktivování numlocku při spuštění
Nainstalujte numlockx z repozitáře [community]. Pak přidejte příkaz numlockx do aplikací spouštěných po přihlášení.
# pacman -S numlockx $ gnome-session-properties
Výše uvedený příkaz otevře nabídku Předvolby aplikací spouštěných při přihlášení. Zvolte Přidat and vyplňte následovně:
Název: | Numlockx |
Příkaz: | /usr/bin/numlockx on |
Komentář: | Turns on numlock. |
Toto nastavení bude platné pouze pro aktuálního uživatele. Pokud budete chtít toto nastavit i pro jiné uživatele, postupujte stejným způsobem.
Rozšíření GNOME shell
GNOME Shell can be customized with extensions written by others. These provide features such as a dock or a widget for changing the theme. Details on available extensions are found at the WEBUPD8 site. The most recent articles can be found using this WEBUPD8 search link.
Repository [extras] has a dozen extensions which can be installed individually. (The latest version of a given extension may be installed using its code snapshot, if preferred.) List here.
$ pacman -Ss gnome-shell-extension
Other useful extensions provided in the AUR:
Presentation Mode | Adds option to inhibit screensaver in the power menu (battery icon). |
Weather | Displays weather notifications. |
Alternative Status Menu | Adds "Hibernate" and "Power Off" to the status menu. |
Theme selector | Select a theme in the activities overview. To install a custom theme with Gnome Tweak Tool you need to install the User theme extension |
Restart the GNOME Shell after installing an extension. See when an extension breaks GNOME for troubleshooting information.
Výchozí terminál
gsettings
, which replaces gconftool-2
in GNOME 3, is used to set e. g. the default terminal manually. The setting is relevant for nautilus-open-terminal.
The commands for urxvt run as daemon:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec urxvtc gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg "'-e'"
-e
) to indicate that a command will follow: nautilus-open-terminal passes a cd
command in order to change directories to the appropriate location.Prostřední tlačítko myši
By default, GNOME 3 disables middle mouse button emulation regardless of Xorg settings (Emulate3Buttons). To enable middle mouse button emulation use:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.peripherals.mouse middle-button-enabled true
Xmonad
Xmonad is a tiling window manager.
Upgrading to GNOME 3 will likely break your xmonad setup. You can use xmonad again by forcing fallback mode and creating two files:
-
/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/xmonad.session
[GNOME Session] Name=Xmonad session RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon; RequiredProviders=windowmanager;notifications; DefaultProvider-windowmanager=xmonad DefaultProvider-notifications=notification-daemon
-
/usr/share/xsessions/xmonad-gnome-session.desktop
[Desktop Entry] Name=Xmonad GNOME Comment=Tiling window manager TryExec=/usr/bin/gnome-session Exec=gnome-session --session=xmonad Type=XSession
The next time you log in, you should have the ability to choose Xmonad GNOME as your session.
wmii
wmii is a tiling window manager.
You can use wmii with gnome by forcing fallback mode and creating tree files:
-
/usr/share/applications/wmii.desktop
[Desktop Entry] Version=1.0 Type=Application Name=wmii TryExec=wmii Exec=wmii
-
/usr/share/xsessions/gnome-wmii.desktop
[Desktop Entry] Name=Gnome-wmii Comment=Gnome with wmii as window manager TryExec=gnome-session Exec=gnome-session --session=wmii Type=Application
-
/usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/wmii.session
[GNOME Session] Name=wmii RequiredComponents=gnome-panel;gnome-settings-daemon; RequiredProviders=windowmanager;notifications; DefaultProvider-windowmanager=wmii DefaultProvider-notifications=notification-daemon
The next time you log in, you should have the ability to choose Gnome-wmii as your session.
The original info was taken from running-the-awesome-window-manager-within-gnome, go there for info on awesome-gnome.
Also it has info on how to:
- create a per session (wmii, gnome, gnome-wmii, etc) dconf database (useful if you ever plan on using regular gnome)
- Remove the bottom Gnome panel (with the task list)
- Move the top panel (with the menus) to the bottom
- Untick the expand option
- Set it to autohide
Hidden features
GNOME 3 ukrývá spoustu užitečných voleb, které lze upravit pomocí dconf-editor. GNOME 3 dále podporuje gconf-editor pro úpravu nastavení, která ještě nepřešla pod správu pomocí dconf.
Úprava klávesových zkratek
Firstly, use dconf-editor to place a checkmark next to can-change-accels
in the key named org.gnome.desktop.interface.
We will replace the hotkey — a.k.a. keyboard shortcut, keyboard accelerator — used by Nautilus to move files to the trash folder.
The default assignment is a somewhat-awkward Template:Keypress + Template:Keypress.
- Open Nautilus, select any file, and click Edit on the menu bar.
- Hover over the Move to Trash menu item.
- While hovering, press Template:Keypress. The current accelerator is now unset.
- Press the key that you wish to become the new keyboard accelerator.
- Press Template:Keypress to make the new accelerator be the Delete key.
Unless you select a file or folder, Move to Trash will be grayed-out. Finally, disable can-change-accels
to prevent accidental hotkey changes.
Presently, GNOME designers have hidden the Shutdown option inside the status menu. To shut down your system with the status menu, click the menu and hold down the Alt key so that the Suspend item changes to Power Off. The subsequent dialog allows you to shut down or restart your system.
If you disable the Suspend menu item system-wide as described elsewhere in this document you do not have to go through these motions.
Another option is to install the Alternative Status Menu extension. See the section on shell extensions. The alternative menu extension installs a new status menu with a non-hidden Power Off entry.
Integrated messaging (Empathy)
Empathy, the engine behind integrated messaging, and all system settings based on messaging accounts will not show up unless the telepathy group of packages or at least one of the backends (telepathy-gabble, or telepathy-haze, for example) is installed.
These packages are not included in default Arch GNOME installs. You can install the Telepathy and optionally any backends with:
# pacman -S telepathy
Without telepathy, Empathy will not open the account management dialog and can get stuck in this state. If this happens -- even after quitting Empathy cleanly -- the /usr/bin/empathy-accounts application can remain running and will need to be killed before you can add any new accounts.
View descriptions of telepathy components on the Freedesktop.org Telepathy Wiki.
Enabling fallback mode
Your session automatically starts in fallback mode when gnome-shell is not present, or when your hardware cannot handle graphics acceleration — such as running within a virtual machine or running on old hardware.
If you wish to enable fallback mode while still having gnome-shell installed, make the following system change:
Open gnome-control-center. Click the System Info icon. Click Graphics. Change Forced Fallback Mode to ON.
You can alternatively choose the type of session from a terminal with a gsettings command:
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.session session-name 'gnome-fallback'
You may want to log out after making the change. You will see the chosen type of session upon your next login.
To disable forced-fallback mode (that is, launch the normal GNOME Shell) use a value of 'gnome' instead of 'gnome-fallback'.
Troubleshooting
GNOME login takes a very long time
See if you enabled PulseAudio Network settings in paprefs. When any network audio settings are enabled, GNOME hangs about a minute after login.
One solution is to create a new user account and login to that account. Another solution is to move your ~/.gconf, ~/.gconfd and ~/.conf/dconf folders to a holding area. Login again to see if the delay is gone.
If the excessive delay is gone, determine which setting causes the delay using trial-and-error.
When an extension breaks GNOME
When enabling shell extensions causes GNOME breakage, you should first remove the user-theme and auto-move-windows extensions from their installation directory.
The installation directory could be one of ~/.local/share/gnome‑shell/extensions,
/usr/share/gnome‑shell/extensions,
or /usr/local/share/gnome‑shell/extensions
. Removing these two extension-containing folders may fix the breakage. Otherwise, isolate the problem extension with trial‑and‑error.
Removing or adding an extension-containing folder to the aforementioned directories removes or adds the corresponding extension to your system. Details on Gnome Shell extensions are available at the GNOME web site.
Extensions do not work after GNOME 3 update
Locate the folder where your extensions are installed. It might be ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions
or /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions
.
Edit each occurrence of metadata.json
which appears in each extension sub-folder.
Insert: | "shell-version": ["3.0"]
|
Instead of (for example): | "shell-version": ["3.0.1"]
|
You might instead use: | "shell-version": ["3.0.0", "3.0.1", "3.0.2"]
|
"3.0" is the best solution. It indicates the extension works with every 3.0.x GNOME Shell version.
Screen is not locked after resume
Screen lock only works when you suspend through GNOME's status menu. If you suspend or hibernate using the power button, your screen is not locked after resume. The problem is a configuration failure in dconf.
Open dconf-editor and uncheck lock-use-screensaver
in the key named org.gnome.power-manager.
# gsettings set org.gnome.power-manager lock-use-screensaver 'false'
Your screen should now be locked after resume whether you used the status menu, the power button, or a key combination. Bug report: Screen gets no more locked after suspend #Comment 8
GTK2+ apps show segfaults and fail to launch
That usually happens when oxygen-gtk is installed. This theme appears to conflict with GNOME 3 or GTK3 settings. When oxygen-gtk has been set as a GTK2 theme, GTK2 apps segfault with errors like these:
(firefox-bin:14345): GLib-GObject-WARNING **: invalid (NULL) pointer instance (firefox-bin:14345): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_signal_connect_data: assertion `G_TYPE_CHECK_INSTANCE (instance)' failed (firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_screen_get_default_colormap: assertion `GDK_IS_SCREEN (screen)' failed (firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_colormap_get_visual: assertion `GDK_IS_COLORMAP (colormap)' failed (firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_screen_get_default_colormap: assertion `GDK_IS_SCREEN (screen)' failed (firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_screen_get_root_window: assertion `GDK_IS_SCREEN (screen)' failed (firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_screen_get_root_window: assertion `GDK_IS_SCREEN (screen)' failed (firefox-bin:14345): Gdk-CRITICAL **: IA__gdk_window_new: assertion `GDK_IS_WINDOW (parent)' failed Segmentation fault
The current workaround is to remove oxygen-gtk from the system and use a different theme for applications.
ATI Catalyst driver creates glitches and artifacts
For the moment, Catalyst is not proposed to be used while running GNOME Shell. The opensource ATI driver, xf86-video-ati, however, seems to be working properly with the GNOME 3 composited desktop.
Note: Fix is promised with Catalyst 11.9. See http://ati.cchtml.com/show_bug.cgi?id=99
Multiple monitors and dock extension
If you have multiple monitors configured using Nvidia Twinview, the dock extension may get sandwiched in-between the monitors. You can edit the source of this extension to reposition the dock to a position of your choosing.
Edit /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/dock@gnome-shell-extensions.gnome.org/extension.js and locate this line in the source:
this.actor.set_position(primary.width-this._item_size-this._spacing-2, (primary.height-height)/2);
The first parameter is the X position of the dock display, by subtracting 15 pixels as opposed to 2 pixels from this it correctly positioned on my primary monitor, you can play around with any X,Y coordinate pair to position it correctly.
this.actor.set_position(primary.width-this._item_size-this._spacing-15, (primary.height-height)/2);
No event sounds for Empathy and other programs
If you're using OSS, you may want to install libcanberra-oss from AUR.
Editing hotkeys via can-change-accels fails
It is also possible to manually change the keys via an application's so-called accel map file. Where it is to be found is up to the application: For instance, Thunar's is at ~/.config/Thunar/accels.scm
, whereas Nautilus's is located at ~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus
. The file should contain a list of possible hotkeys, each unchanged line commented out with a leading ";" that has to be removed for a change to become active.
Panels do not respond to right-click in fallback mode
Check Configuration Editor: /apps/metacity/general/mouse_button_modifier. This modifier key (<Alt>, <Super>, etc) used for normal windows is also used by panels and their applets.
"Show Desktop" keyboard shortcut does not work
GNOME developers treated the corresponding binding as bug (see https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=643609) due to Minimization being deprecated. To show the desktop again assign ALT+STRG+D to the following setting:
System Settings --> Keyboard --> Shortcuts --> Windows --> Hide all normal windows
Nautilus does not start
- Press Template:Keypress+Template:Keypress
- Enter
gnome-tweak-tool
- Select the File Manager tab.
- Locate option Have file manager handle the desktop and assure it is toggled off.
Epiphany does not play flash videos
Epiphany now uses gtk3, but Adobe's Flash Player still relies on gtk2. See Epiphany#Flash for a workaround involving nspluginwrapper.
Unable to apply stored configuration for monitors
If you encounter this message try to disable the xrandr gnome-settings-daemon plugin :
$ dconf write /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/xrandr/active false
Lock button fails to re-enable touchpad
Some laptops have a touchpad lock button that disables the touchpad so that users can type without worrying about touching the touchpad. It appears currently that although GNOME can lock the touchpad by pressing this button, it can't unlock it. If the touchpad gets locked you can do the following to unlock it.
- Start a terminal. You can do this by pressing Template:Keypress+Template:Keypress , then typing
gnome-terminal
and then pressing Template:Keypress - Type in the following command
$ xinput set-prop "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" "Device Enabled" 1
Ctrl+V pastes path instead of file in Nautilus
If you are affected by this issue, edit ~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus
where you can find two lines for Ctrl+V :
~/.gnome2/accels/nautilus
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/DirViewActions/Paste" "<Control>v") ... (gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/ClipboardActions/Paste" "<Control>v")
The issue appears to stem from the second entry. Deleting that line may fix the issue temporarily. You might have to reapply this fix after an update.
An alternative is to assign a different key combination to one of the actions.
Unable to connect to secured wi-fi network
You see the network connections listing, but choosing an encrypted network fails to show a dialog for key entry. You may need to install network-manager-applet. See GNOME NetworkManager setup.
"Any command has been defined 33"
When you press print screen key to take screenshot and you got "Any command has been defined 33", install metacity:
# pacman -S metacity
GDM and Gnome use X11 cursors
To fix this issue, you will have to copy paste these lines as root in a terminal:
$ mkdir /usr/share/icons/default $ cd /usr/share/icons/default $ echo "[Icon Theme]" >> index.theme $ echo "Inherits=Adwaita" >> index.theme
Alternatively, you can install gnome-cursors-fixAUR from AUR.
External links
- The Official Website
- Themes, icons, and backgrounds:
- GTK/GNOME programs: