Difference between revisions of "GNU Project"
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| − | [[Category: Development | + | [[Category:Development]] [[Category:System administration]] |
| − | + | [[es:GNU Project]] | |
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{{Article summary start}} | {{Article summary start}} | ||
{{Article summary text|This article describes the GNU Project and lists some of the essential tools that qualify Arch Linux as a GNU/Linux distribution.}} | {{Article summary text|This article describes the GNU Project and lists some of the essential tools that qualify Arch Linux as a GNU/Linux distribution.}} | ||
{{Article summary heading|Overview}} | {{Article summary heading|Overview}} | ||
| − | {{Article summary text|The aim of the GNU Project is to produce a totally free operating system. While the GNU kernel has not reached a stable version, the project has resulted in the creation of many tools that power most Unix-like operating systems. Arch Linux is such a system, using GNU software like the [[ | + | {{Article summary text|The aim of the GNU Project is to produce a totally free operating system. While the GNU kernel has not reached a stable version, the project has resulted in the creation of many tools that power most Unix-like operating systems. Arch Linux is such a system, using GNU software like the [[GRUB]] bootloader, [[Bash]] shell, and numerous other utilities and libraries.}} |
{{Article summary heading|Related}} | {{Article summary heading|Related}} | ||
{{Article summary wiki|Arch Linux}} | {{Article summary wiki|Arch Linux}} | ||
| − | {{Article summary wiki| | + | {{Article summary wiki|Core Utilities}} |
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{{Article summary end}} | {{Article summary end}} | ||
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== The Base System == | == The Base System == | ||
| − | At the end of the installation process, an Arch system is nothing more than the Linux Kernel, the GNU toolchain, and a few other useful command line tools. The minimal install normally contains the entire | + | At the end of the installation process, an Arch system is nothing more than the Linux Kernel, the GNU toolchain, and a few other useful command line tools. The minimal install normally contains the entire {{Grp|base}} group. |
=== Kernel === | === Kernel === | ||
| − | While [http://www.gnu.org/s/hurd/hurd.html Hurd], the GNU Kernel, is under active development, there is not yet a stable version. For this reason Arch | + | While [http://www.gnu.org/s/hurd/hurd.html Hurd], the GNU Kernel, is under active development, there is not yet a stable version. For this reason Arch and most other GNU based systems use the Linux Kernel. The [[Arch Hurd Project]] aims to port Arch Linux to the Hurd kernel. |
=== Software Collection === | === Software Collection === | ||
| − | '''bootloader:''' | + | '''bootloader:''' [[GRUB]] is the standard bootloader for Arch Linux, which is now maintained by [http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/ GNU]. |
| − | '''C library:''' {{ | + | '''C library:''' {{Pkg|glibc}} is ''"the library which defines the `system calls' and other basic facilities such as open, malloc, printf, exit..."''[http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/ ] |
| − | '''binary utilities:''' | + | '''binary utilities:''' {{Pkg|binutils}} provides the ''"collection of programming tools for the manipulation of object code in various object file formats"''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Binutils ]. |
| − | '''shell:''' | + | '''shell:''' [[Bash]], another GNU based application[http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/ ], is the default shell. |
| − | '''core utilities:''' The {{ | + | '''core utilities:''' The {{Pkg|coreutils}} package contains ''"the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities"''[http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/ ]. |
| − | '''compression:''' | + | '''compression:''' {{Pkg|gzip}} and [[Tar]] handle many packages for GNU/Linux systems. For example, those from the [[Arch User Repository]] come as [http://www.gnu.org/software/gzip/ Gzipped] [http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/ tarballs]. |
== Development Tools == | == Development Tools == | ||
| − | Though not necessary, users have the option of installing the | + | Though not necessary, users have the option of installing the {{grp|base-devel}} group for some software development tools. This group is a requirement for building packages from the [[Arch User Repository]]. |
Among '''base-devel''' are several members of the [[Wikipedia:GNU toolchain|GNU toolchain]], a ''"suite of tools used in a serial manner [...] for developing applications and operating systems"''. The key components of this toolchain are: | Among '''base-devel''' are several members of the [[Wikipedia:GNU toolchain|GNU toolchain]], a ''"suite of tools used in a serial manner [...] for developing applications and operating systems"''. The key components of this toolchain are: | ||
| − | '''compilation and build:''' {{ | + | '''compilation and build:''' {{Pkg|make}} |
| − | '''compiler collection:''' {{ | + | '''compiler collection:''' {{Pkg|gcc}} |
| − | '''linker, assembler and other tools:''' {{ | + | '''linker, assembler and other tools:''' {{Pkg|binutils}} |
| − | '''parser generator:''' {{ | + | '''parser generator:''' {{Pkg|bison}} |
| − | '''macro processor:''' {{ | + | '''macro processor:''' {{Pkg|m4}} |
[[Wikipedia:GNU build system|GNU Build System]] (autotools): | [[Wikipedia:GNU build system|GNU Build System]] (autotools): | ||
| − | :'''automatically configure source code:''' {{ | + | :'''automatically configure source code:''' {{Pkg|autoconf}} |
| − | :'''automatically create Makefiles:''' {{ | + | :'''automatically create Makefiles:''' {{Pkg|automake}} |
| − | :'''library support script:''' {{ | + | :'''library support script:''' {{Pkg|libtool}} |
== Other Tools == | == Other Tools == | ||
| − | Many other optional GNU tools are available in the repositories: | + | Many other optional GNU tools are available in the [[Official Repositories|official repositories]]: |
'''widget toolkit:''' [[GTK+]] | '''widget toolkit:''' [[GTK+]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''desktop environment:''' [[GNOME]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''flash player:''' {{Pkg|gnash-gtk}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''spreadsheet:''' [[Gnumeric]] | ||
'''image editor:''' [[Multimedia#GIMP|GIMP]] | '''image editor:''' [[Multimedia#GIMP|GIMP]] | ||
Revision as of 11:43, 3 November 2013
Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end
From http://www.gnu.org/
- The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop the GNU operating system, a complete Unix-like operating system which is free software—software which respects your freedom.
- Unix-like operating systems are built from a software collection of applications, libraries, and developer tools—plus a program to allocate resources and talk to the hardware, known as a kernel. [...]
- The combination of GNU and Linux is the GNU/Linux operating system, now used by millions and sometimes incorrectly called simply “Linux”.
- The name “GNU” is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix!”
Since Arch Linux is a GNU/Linux based distribution, many of its basic tools are from the GNU Project. This article will give a brief description of the core components, as well as some other useful applications.
Contents
The Base System
At the end of the installation process, an Arch system is nothing more than the Linux Kernel, the GNU toolchain, and a few other useful command line tools. The minimal install normally contains the entire base group.
Kernel
While Hurd, the GNU Kernel, is under active development, there is not yet a stable version. For this reason Arch and most other GNU based systems use the Linux Kernel. The Arch Hurd Project aims to port Arch Linux to the Hurd kernel.
Software Collection
bootloader: GRUB is the standard bootloader for Arch Linux, which is now maintained by GNU.
C library: glibc is "the library which defines the `system calls' and other basic facilities such as open, malloc, printf, exit..."[1]
binary utilities: binutils provides the "collection of programming tools for the manipulation of object code in various object file formats"[2].
shell: Bash, another GNU based application[3], is the default shell.
core utilities: The coreutils package contains "the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities"[4].
compression: gzip and Tar handle many packages for GNU/Linux systems. For example, those from the Arch User Repository come as Gzipped tarballs.
Development Tools
Though not necessary, users have the option of installing the base-devel group for some software development tools. This group is a requirement for building packages from the Arch User Repository.
Among base-devel are several members of the GNU toolchain, a "suite of tools used in a serial manner [...] for developing applications and operating systems". The key components of this toolchain are:
compilation and build: make
compiler collection: gcc
linker, assembler and other tools: binutils
parser generator: bison
macro processor: m4
GNU Build System (autotools):
- automatically configure source code: autoconf
- automatically create Makefiles: automake
- library support script: libtool
Other Tools
Many other optional GNU tools are available in the official repositories:
widget toolkit: GTK+
desktop environment: GNOME
flash player: gnash-gtk
spreadsheet: Gnumeric
image editor: GIMP
full-screen window manager: GNU Screen
Links
For a list of all current GNU projects, see All GNU Packages