Difference between revisions of "GTK+"
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=== GTK+ 1.x === | === GTK+ 1.x === | ||
− | + | There are loads of GTK+ 1.x themes in the [[AUR]]: [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?K=gtk-theme search for gtk-theme]. A good start is {{AUR|gtk-smooth-engine}}. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | Most major [[Desktop Environment|desktop environments]] provide tools to configure the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size. | |
− | + | Alternatively, use {{Pkg|gtk-theme-switch2}}. Run it with the {{ic|switch}} command. | |
=== GTK+ 2.x === | === GTK+ 2.x === | ||
− | + | There are loads of GTK+ 2.x themes in the [[AUR]]: [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?K=gtk2-theme search for gtk2-theme]. A good start is {{AUR|gtk-engines}} which includes the popular ''Clearlooks'' theme. | |
− | + | Most major [[Desktop Environment|desktop environments]] provide tools to configure the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
Alternatively, GTK+ settings can be configured manually by editing {{ic|~/.gtkrc-2.0}}. A list of GTK+ settings can be found in the [http://library.gnome.org/devel/gtk/stable/GtkSettings.html GNOME library]. To manually change the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size, add the following to {{ic|~/.gtkrc-2.0}}: | Alternatively, GTK+ settings can be configured manually by editing {{ic|~/.gtkrc-2.0}}. A list of GTK+ settings can be found in the [http://library.gnome.org/devel/gtk/stable/GtkSettings.html GNOME library]. To manually change the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size, add the following to {{ic|~/.gtkrc-2.0}}: | ||
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}} | }} | ||
− | {{Note| The above example requires the packages {{Pkg|ttf-dejavu}}, {{Pkg|tangerine-icon-theme}}, {{Pkg|gtk-engine-murrine}} from the [[Official Repositories|official repositories]], and {{AUR|murrine | + | {{Note| The above example requires the packages {{Pkg|ttf-dejavu}}, {{Pkg|tangerine-icon-theme}}, {{Pkg|gtk-engine-murrine}} from the [[Official Repositories|official repositories]], and {{AUR|gtk-theme-murrine-collection}} from the AUR.}} |
=== GTK+ 3.x === | === GTK+ 3.x === | ||
+ | |||
+ | A good start is {{Pkg|gnome-themes-standard}} which includes the popular ''Adwaita'' theme. | ||
+ | |||
+ | If selected style has both GTK+ 2.x and GTK+ 3.x themes, they will be used. If selected style has only GTK+ 2.x theme, it will be used for GTK+ 2.x applications and (ugly) defaults will be used for GTK+ 3.x applications. If selected style has only GTK+ 3.x theme, it will be used for GTK+ 3.x applications and (ugly) defaults will be used for GTK+ 2.x applications. Thus for uniform UI appearance and best experience one can use style that has both GTK+ 2.x and GTK+ 3.x themes. | ||
If you use GNOME 3, the theme can be changed with the {{pkg|gnome-tweak-tool}}. | If you use GNOME 3, the theme can be changed with the {{pkg|gnome-tweak-tool}}. | ||
− | If you use [[Xfce]] 4.8, both GTK+ 3.x and GTK+ 2.x themes can be managed by Appearance tool. Go to Settings-->Appearance | + | If you use [[Xfce]] 4.8, both GTK+ 3.x and GTK+ 2.x themes can be managed by Appearance tool. Go to Settings-->Appearance. |
An alternative without huge dependencies is {{pkg|lxappearance}}. | An alternative without huge dependencies is {{pkg|lxappearance}}. | ||
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=== GTK+ and Qt === | === GTK+ and Qt === | ||
If you have GTK+ and Qt (KDE) applications on your desktop then you know that their looks do not blend well. If you wish to make your GTK+ styles match your Qt styles please read [[Uniform Look for Qt and GTK Applications]]. | If you have GTK+ and Qt (KDE) applications on your desktop then you know that their looks do not blend well. If you wish to make your GTK+ styles match your Qt styles please read [[Uniform Look for Qt and GTK Applications]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | === GTK+ and HTML with Broadway === | ||
+ | The GDK Broadway backend provides support for displaying GTK+ applications in a web browser, using HTML5 and web sockets. | ||
+ | [https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/3.8/gtk-broadway.html] | ||
+ | |||
+ | When using broadwayd, specify the display number to use, prefixed with a colon, similar to X. The default display number is 1. | ||
+ | |||
+ | $ display_number=:5 | ||
+ | Start it. | ||
+ | $ broadwayd $display_number | ||
+ | |||
+ | Port Used on default | ||
+ | port = 8080 + ($display_number - 1) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Point your browser to http://localhost:port | ||
+ | |||
+ | To Start apps | ||
+ | |||
+ | $ GDK_BACKEND=broadway BROADWAY_DISPLAY=$display_number ''<<app>>'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Alternatively can set address and port | ||
+ | |||
+ | $ broadwayd --port $port_number --address $address $display_number | ||
== Configuration file == | == Configuration file == |
Revision as of 10:30, 5 August 2013
zh-CN:GTK+ Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end
From the GTK+ website:
- GTK+, or the GIMP Toolkit, is a multi-platform toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. Offering a complete set of widgets, GTK+ is suitable for projects ranging from small one-off tools to complete application suites.
GTK+, The GIMP Toolkit, was initially made by the GNU Project for the GIMP but is now a very popular toolkit with bindings for many languages.
Configuration programs
These GUI programs allow theme selection and at least customising of a font. They generally overwrite the ~/.gtkrc-2.0
file.
- lxappearance: A configuration tool from the LXDE project, which does not require any other parts of LXDE or other desktop environment. More flexible customisation than the other programs.
- gtk-chtheme
- gtk-theme-switch2
- gtk2_prefs
Example install command:
# pacman -S gtk-theme-switch2
See also Uniform Look for Qt and GTK Applications#Changing styles in each toolkit.
Themes
GTK+ 1.x
There are loads of GTK+ 1.x themes in the AUR: search for gtk-theme. A good start is gtk-smooth-engineAUR.
Most major desktop environments provide tools to configure the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size.
Alternatively, use gtk-theme-switch2. Run it with the switch
command.
GTK+ 2.x
There are loads of GTK+ 2.x themes in the AUR: search for gtk2-theme. A good start is gtk-enginesAUR which includes the popular Clearlooks theme.
Most major desktop environments provide tools to configure the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size.
Alternatively, GTK+ settings can be configured manually by editing ~/.gtkrc-2.0
. A list of GTK+ settings can be found in the GNOME library. To manually change the GTK+ theme, icons, font and font size, add the following to ~/.gtkrc-2.0
:
~/.gtkrc-2.0
gtk-icon-theme-name = "[name-of-icon-theme]" gtk-theme-name = "[name-of-theme]" gtk-font-name = "[font-name] [size]"
For example:
~/.gtkrc-2.0
gtk-icon-theme-name = "Tango" gtk-theme-name = "Murrine-Gray" gtk-font-name = "DejaVu Sans 8"
GTK+ 3.x
A good start is gnome-themes-standard which includes the popular Adwaita theme.
If selected style has both GTK+ 2.x and GTK+ 3.x themes, they will be used. If selected style has only GTK+ 2.x theme, it will be used for GTK+ 2.x applications and (ugly) defaults will be used for GTK+ 3.x applications. If selected style has only GTK+ 3.x theme, it will be used for GTK+ 3.x applications and (ugly) defaults will be used for GTK+ 2.x applications. Thus for uniform UI appearance and best experience one can use style that has both GTK+ 2.x and GTK+ 3.x themes.
If you use GNOME 3, the theme can be changed with the gnome-tweak-tool.
If you use Xfce 4.8, both GTK+ 3.x and GTK+ 2.x themes can be managed by Appearance tool. Go to Settings-->Appearance.
An alternative without huge dependencies is lxappearance.
If you prefer not to install gnome-tweak-tool, your theme can be set manually in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
(this is usually ~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
). An example settings.ini
file:
$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/gtk-3.0/settings.ini
[Settings] gtk-application-prefer-dark-theme = false gtk-theme-name = Zukitwo gtk-fallback-icon-theme = gnome gtk-icon-theme-name = [icon theme name] gtk-font-name = [font name] [font size]
If it still does not change, delete old gtk-3.0
folder in $XDG_CONFIG_HOME
and copy gtk-3.0
folder from /path/to/theme to $XDG_CONFIG_HOME
. Example:
$ rm -r ~/.config/gtk-3.0/ $ cp -r /usr/share/themes/Zukitwo/gtk-3.0/ ~/.config/
After this, you need to set the same theme in your DE's appearance configuration tool. There are only a few themes which provide a uniform look for GTK+ 3.x and GTK+ 2.x apps. A few examples:
- Adwaita (part of gnome-themes-standard)
- Newlooks for GTK+ 3 and Clearlooks for GTK+ 2
- Zukitwo
- Elegant Brit
- Atolm
- Hope
You could find what themes installed on your system have both an GTK+ 2.x and GTK+ 3.x version by using this command (don't work with names containing spaces):
find $(find ~/.themes /usr/share/themes/ -wholename "*/gtk-3.0" | sed -e "s/^\(.*\)\/gtk-3.0$/\1/")\ -wholename "*/gtk-2.0" | sed -e "s/.*\/\(.*\)\/gtk-2.0/\1"/
GTK+ and Qt
If you have GTK+ and Qt (KDE) applications on your desktop then you know that their looks do not blend well. If you wish to make your GTK+ styles match your Qt styles please read Uniform Look for Qt and GTK Applications.
GTK+ and HTML with Broadway
The GDK Broadway backend provides support for displaying GTK+ applications in a web browser, using HTML5 and web sockets. [1]
When using broadwayd, specify the display number to use, prefixed with a colon, similar to X. The default display number is 1.
$ display_number=:5
Start it.
$ broadwayd $display_number
Port Used on default
port = 8080 + ($display_number - 1)
Point your browser to http://localhost:port
To Start apps
$ GDK_BACKEND=broadway BROADWAY_DISPLAY=$display_number <<app>>
Alternatively can set address and port
$ broadwayd --port $port_number --address $address $display_number
Configuration file
The purpose of this section is to collect GTK+ configuration settings which can e.g. be used within ~/.gtkrc-2.0
.
Enabling Customizable Keyboard Shortcuts
You can customize your GTK+ applications' keyboard shortcuts (those are called accelerators in GTK+ terminology) by hovering your mouse over a menu item and pressing your desired key combination. However, this feature is disabled by default. To enable it, set
gtk-can-change-accels = 1
This setting controls the delay between you pointing the mouse at a menu and that menu opening in GNOME. Change this to a setting you prefer. I guess the number is in milliseconds, e.g. 250 being a quarter of a second.
gtk-menu-popup-delay = 0
Reduce widget sizes
If you have a small screen or you just do not like big icons and widgets, you can resize things easily. To have icons without text in toolbars, use
gtk-toolbar-style = GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS
To use smaller icons, use a line like this:
gtk-icon-sizes = "panel-menu=16,16:panel=16,16:gtk-menu=16,16:gtk-large-toolbar=16,16\ :gtk-small-toolbar=16,16:gtk-button=16,16"
Or to remove icons from buttons completely:
gtk-button-images = 0
You can also remove icons from menus:
gtk-menu-images = 0
There is some more tweaking to do in your themes gtkrc like explained here and there's another theme that does it all.
Development
When writing a start-from-scratch GTK+ 3 program with C, it's necessary to add CFLAGS for gcc:
gcc -g -Wall `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0` -o base base.c
-g and -Wall parameters are not necessary since they are only for verbose debugging outputs. You may try out the official Hello World example.
Write a simple message dialog app
You can write your own GTK+ 3 message dialog easily in many programming languages through GObject-Introspection or bindings, or you can simply use bash.
The following examples display a simple "Hello world" in a message dialog.
Bash
- Dependency: zenity
hello_world.sh
#!/bin/bash zenity --info --title='Hello world!' --text='This is an example dialog.'
Boo
- Dependency: gtk-sharp-gitAUR from AUR (boo)
- Makedependency: boo
- Build with:
booc hello_world.boo
- Run with:
mono hello_world.exe
(orbooi hello_world.boo
)
hello_world.boo
import Gtk from "gtk-sharp" Application.Init() Hello = MessageDialog(null, DialogFlags.Modal, MessageType.Info, ButtonsType.Close, "Hello world!") Hello.SecondaryText = "This is an example dialog." Hello.Run()
C
- Dependency: gtk3 and pkg-config
- Build with:
gcc -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0` hello_world.c
hello_world.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h> void main (int argc, char *argv[]) { gtk_init (&argc, &argv); GtkWidget *hello = gtk_message_dialog_new (NULL, GTK_DIALOG_MODAL, GTK_MESSAGE_INFO, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, "Hello world!"); gtk_message_dialog_format_secondary_text (GTK_MESSAGE_DIALOG (hello), "This is an example dialog."); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG (hello)); }
C++
- Dependency: gtkmm3
- Build with:
g++ -o hello_world `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtkmm-3.0` hello_world.cc
hello_world.cc
#include <gtkmm/main.h> #include <gtkmm/messagedialog.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Gtk::Main kit(argc, argv); Gtk::MessageDialog Hello("Hello world!", false, Gtk::MESSAGE_INFO, Gtk::BUTTONS_OK); Hello.set_secondary_text("This is an example dialog."); Hello.run(); }
C#
- Dependency: gtk-sharp-gitAUR from AUR
- Build with:
mcs -pkg:gtk-sharp-3.0 hello_world.cs
- Run with:
mono hello_world.exe
hello_world.cs
using Gtk; public class HelloWorld { static void Main() { Application.Init (); MessageDialog Hello = new MessageDialog (null, DialogFlags.Modal, MessageType.Info, ButtonsType.Close, "Hello world!"); Hello.SecondaryText="This is an example dialog."; Hello.Run (); } }
Genie
hello_world.gs
uses Gtk init Gtk.init (ref args) var Hello=new MessageDialog (null, Gtk.DialogFlags.MODAL, Gtk.MessageType.INFO, Gtk.ButtonsType.OK, "Hello world!") Hello.format_secondary_text ("This is an example dialog.") Hello.run ()
Java
- Dependency: java-gnomeAUR from AUR
- Makedependency: java-environment
- Build with:
mkdir HelloWorld && javac -classpath /usr/share/java/gtk.jar -d HelloWorld HelloWorld.java
- Run with:
java -classpath /usr/share/java/gtk.jar:HelloWorld HelloWorld
HelloWorld.java
import org.gnome.gtk.Gtk; import org.gnome.gtk.Dialog; import org.gnome.gtk.InfoMessageDialog; public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { Gtk.init(args); Dialog Hello = new InfoMessageDialog(null, "Hello world!", "This is an example dialog."); Hello.run(); } }
JavaScript
hello_world.js
#!/usr/bin/gjs Gtk = imports.gi.Gtk Gtk.init(null, null) Hello = new Gtk.MessageDialog({type: Gtk.MessageType.INFO, buttons: Gtk.ButtonsType.OK, text: "Hello world!", "secondary-text": "This is an example dialog."}) Hello.run()
Perl
- Dependency: perl-gtk3AUR from AUR
hello_world.pl
#!/usr/bin/perl use Gtk3 -init; my $hello = Gtk3::MessageDialog->new (undef, 'modal', 'info', 'ok', "Hello world!"); $hello->set ('secondary-text' => 'This is an example dialog.'); $hello->run;
Python
- Dependencies: gtk3, python-gobject
hello_world.py
#!/usr/bin/python from gi.repository import Gtk Gtk.init(None) Hello=Gtk.MessageDialog(None, Gtk.DialogFlags.MODAL, Gtk.MessageType.INFO, Gtk.ButtonsType.CLOSE, "Hello world!") Hello.format_secondary_text("This is an example dialog.") Hello.run()
Vala
hello_world.vala
using Gtk; public class HelloWorld { static void main (string[] args) { Gtk.init (ref args); var Hello=new MessageDialog (null, Gtk.DialogFlags.MODAL, Gtk.MessageType.INFO, Gtk.ButtonsType.OK, "Hello world!"); Hello.format_secondary_text ("This is an example dialog."); Hello.run (); } }
Visual Basic .NET
- Dependency: gtk-sharp-gitAUR from AUR
- Makedependency: mono-basic
- Build with:
vbnc -r:/usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-3.0/gio-sharp.dll -r:/usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-3.0/glib-sharp.dll -r:/usr/lib/mono/gtk-sharp-3.0/gtk-sharp.dll hello_world.vb
- Run with:
mono hello_world.exe
hello_world.vb
Imports Gtk Public Class Hello Inherits MessageDialog Public Sub New MyBase.New(Me, DialogFlags.Modal, MessageType.Info, ButtonsType.Close, "Hello world!") Me.SecondaryText = "This is an example dialog." End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Init Dim Dialog As New Hello Dialog.Run End Sub End Class