Difference between revisions of "Install bundled 32-bit system in 64-bit system"
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− | ==Install the Base 32-bit System== | + | == Make the i686 Chroot == |
+ | === tl;dr version === | ||
+ | For those wanting a single copy/paste: | ||
+ | export LOCATION=/opt/arch32 # more flexibility here if users which an alternative location for the chroot | ||
+ | mkdir $LOCATION | ||
+ | sed -e 's/\$arch/i686/g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist > $LOCATION/mirrorlist | ||
+ | sed -e 's@/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist@$LOCATION/mirrorlist@g' -e '/Architecture/ s,auto,i686,' /etc/pacman.conf > $LOCATION/pacman.conf | ||
+ | mkdir -p $LOCATION/var/{cache/pacman/pkg,lib/pacman} | ||
+ | pacman --root $LOCATION --cachedir $LOCATION/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config $LOCATION/pacman.conf -Sy | ||
+ | pacman --root $LOCATION --cachedir $LOCATION/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config $LOCATION/pacman.conf -S base base-devel | ||
+ | mv $LOCATION/mirrorlist $LOCATION/etc/pacman.d | ||
+ | cd $LOCATION/etc | ||
+ | cp /etc/passwd* . | ||
+ | cp /etc/shadow* . | ||
+ | cp /etc/group* . | ||
+ | cp /etc/sudoers . | ||
+ | cp /etc/resolv.conf . | ||
+ | cp /etc/localtime . | ||
+ | cp /etc/locale.gen . | ||
+ | cp /etc/profile.d/locale.sh profile.d | ||
+ | cp /etc/vimrc . | ||
+ | cp /etc/mtab . | ||
+ | cp /etc/inputrc . | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Install the Base 32-bit System=== | ||
+ | |||
1. Create the directory: | 1. Create the directory: | ||
− | + | mkdir /opt/arch32 | |
2. Generate temporary [[pacman]] configuration files for chroot: | 2. Generate temporary [[pacman]] configuration files for chroot: | ||
− | + | sed -e 's/\$arch/i686/g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist > /opt/arch32/mirrorlist | |
− | sed -e 's@/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist@/opt/arch32/mirrorlist@g' /etc/pacman.conf > /opt/arch32/pacman.conf | + | sed -e 's@/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist@/opt/arch32/mirrorlist@g' -e '/Architecture/ s,auto,i686,' /etc/pacman.conf > /opt/arch32/pacman.conf |
− | |||
− | + | *These files would conflict with the normal pacman files, which will be installed in the later steps. | |
+ | *For this reason they must be put ''into'' a temporary location ({{ic|/opt/arch32}} is used here). | ||
+ | *Remember to delete/comment the multilib repo, if you have enable it, in the {{ic|/opt/arch32/pacman.conf}} file | ||
− | + | 3. Create the directory: | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | 3. Create the directory | ||
mkdir -p /opt/arch32/var/{cache/pacman/pkg,lib/pacman} | mkdir -p /opt/arch32/var/{cache/pacman/pkg,lib/pacman} | ||
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4. Sync pacman: | 4. Sync pacman: | ||
Line 44: | Line 53: | ||
5. Install the base and optionally base-devel groups: | 5. Install the base and optionally base-devel groups: | ||
pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -S base base-devel | pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -S base base-devel | ||
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− | + | Optionally add your favorite text editor and distcc if you plan to compile within the chroot with other machines: | |
− | + | pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -S base base-devel sudo vim distcc | |
− | + | Optionally move the pacman mirror list into place: | |
− | + | mv /opt/arch32/mirrorlist /opt/arch32/etc/pacman.d | |
− | |||
===Configuration files=== | ===Configuration files=== | ||
Key configuration files should be copied over: | Key configuration files should be copied over: | ||
Line 115: | Line 68: | ||
cp /etc/shadow* . | cp /etc/shadow* . | ||
cp /etc/group* . | cp /etc/group* . | ||
− | cp /etc/sudoers | + | cp /etc/sudoers . |
− | |||
− | |||
cp /etc/resolv.conf . | cp /etc/resolv.conf . | ||
− | |||
cp /etc/localtime . | cp /etc/localtime . | ||
cp /etc/locale.gen . | cp /etc/locale.gen . | ||
cp /etc/profile.d/locale.sh profile.d | cp /etc/profile.d/locale.sh profile.d | ||
− | |||
cp /etc/vimrc . | cp /etc/vimrc . | ||
cp /etc/mtab . | cp /etc/mtab . | ||
− | cp /etc/ | + | cp /etc/inputrc . |
− | Be sure to include the "." character. | + | |
+ | Be sure to include the "." character! | ||
+ | |||
+ | Remember to define the correct the number of MAKEFLAGS and other vars in {{ic|/opt/arch32/etc/makepkg.conf}} before attempting to build. | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Create an Arch32 Daemon Script and Systemd Service == | ||
+ | {{hc|/etc/systemd/system/arch32.service|<nowiki> | ||
+ | [Unit] | ||
+ | Description=32-bit chroot | ||
+ | |||
+ | [Service] | ||
+ | Type=oneshot | ||
+ | RemainAfterExit=yes | ||
+ | ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/arch32 start | ||
+ | ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/arch32 stop | ||
+ | |||
+ | [Install] | ||
+ | WantedBy=multi-user.target | ||
+ | </nowiki>}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{hc|/usr/local/bin/arch32|<nowiki> | ||
+ | #!/bin/bash | ||
+ | |||
+ | start_distccd() { | ||
+ | [[ ! -L /opt/arch32/usr/bin/distccd-chroot ]] && ln -s /usr/bin/distccd /opt/arch32/usr/bin/distccd-chroot | ||
+ | DISTCC_ARGS="--user nobody --allow 192.168.0.0/24 --port 3692 --log-level warning --log-file /tmp/distccd-i686.log" | ||
+ | |||
+ | if [[ -z "$(pgrep distccd-chroot)" ]]; then | ||
+ | linux32 chroot /opt/arch32 /bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/distccd-chroot --daemon ${DISTCC_ARGS}" | ||
+ | echo "Startup OK!" | ||
+ | else | ||
+ | echo "/usr/bin/distccd-chroot seems to be running so doing nothing!" | ||
+ | fi | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | stop_distccd() { | ||
+ | if [[ -n "$(pgrep distccd-chroot)" ]]; then | ||
+ | linux32 chroot /opt/arch32 /bin/bash -c "pkill -SIGTERM distccd-chroot" | ||
+ | echo "Shutdown OK!" | ||
+ | else | ||
+ | echo "/usr/bin/distccd-chroot does NOT seems to be running so doing nothing!" | ||
+ | fi | ||
+ | } | ||
+ | |||
+ | case $1 in | ||
+ | start) | ||
+ | # if you have the main chroot on another partition | ||
+ | # create the .arch32 file as a simple check for mount status | ||
+ | # edit to fit your system and take note of the corresponding unmount option in the stop function | ||
+ | # [[ ! -f /opt/arch32/.arch32 ]] && mount LABEL="arch32" /opt/arch32 | ||
+ | |||
+ | dirs=(/tmp /dev /dev/pts /scratch /home) | ||
+ | for d in "${dirs[@]}"; do | ||
+ | mount -o bind $d /opt/arch32$d | ||
+ | done | ||
+ | mount -t proc none /opt/arch32/proc | ||
+ | mount -t sysfs none /opt/arch32/sys | ||
+ | touch /run/arch32 | ||
+ | # if you use distccd from within the chroot uncomment this and the corresponding line in the stop function | ||
+ | # start_distccd | ||
+ | ;; | ||
+ | stop) | ||
+ | dirs=(/home /scratch /dev/pts /tmp) | ||
+ | # if you use distccd from within the chroot uncomment this | ||
+ | # stop_distccd | ||
+ | umount /opt/arch32/{sys,proc} | ||
+ | for d in "${dirs[@]}"; do | ||
+ | umount "/opt/arch32$d" | ||
+ | done | ||
+ | sleep 5s | ||
+ | umount /opt/arch32/dev # needs to come out of the for loop | ||
+ | # if using a separate partition for arch32 | ||
+ | # umount /opt/arch32 | ||
+ | rm -f /run/arch32 | ||
+ | ;; | ||
+ | *) | ||
+ | echo "usage: $0 (start|stop)" | ||
+ | exit 1 | ||
+ | esac</nowiki>}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | Be sure to make the init script executable: | ||
+ | # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/arch32 | ||
+ | |||
+ | Enable the service as any other systemd service. | ||
+ | ==Configure the new system== | ||
=== Configure the chroot === | === Configure the chroot === | ||
Chroot into the new system: | Chroot into the new system: | ||
Line 137: | Line 170: | ||
It is recommended to use a custom bash prompt inside the 32-bit chroot installation in order to differentiate from the regular system. You can, for example, add a ''ARCH32'' string to the ''PS1'' variable defined in {{ic|~/.bashrc}}. In fact, the default Debian .bashrc prompt string contains appropriate logic to report whether the working directory is within a chroot. | It is recommended to use a custom bash prompt inside the 32-bit chroot installation in order to differentiate from the regular system. You can, for example, add a ''ARCH32'' string to the ''PS1'' variable defined in {{ic|~/.bashrc}}. In fact, the default Debian .bashrc prompt string contains appropriate logic to report whether the working directory is within a chroot. | ||
− | + | === First-time Setup === | |
− | |||
Fix possible locale issues: | Fix possible locale issues: | ||
/usr/sbin/locale-gen | /usr/sbin/locale-gen | ||
+ | Initialize pacman: | ||
+ | sed -i 's/CheckSpace/#CheckSpace/' /etc/pacman.conf | ||
+ | pacman-key --init | ||
+ | pacman-key --populate archlinux | ||
+ | |||
+ | === Install Needed Packages === | ||
Install the needed packages including apps, fonts, etc. for example: | Install the needed packages including apps, fonts, etc. for example: | ||
− | |||
pacman -S firefox | pacman -S firefox | ||
pacman -S flashplugin | pacman -S flashplugin | ||
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
+ | === Regain Space (Optional) === | ||
{{Warning| This cleanup is for the '''32-bit''' root environment and must then be done inside it NOT the native 64-bit environment!}} | {{Warning| This cleanup is for the '''32-bit''' root environment and must then be done inside it NOT the native 64-bit environment!}} | ||
The following shows recommended packages for removal: | The following shows recommended packages for removal: | ||
− | pacman -Rd linux mkinitcpio | + | pacman -Rd linux mkinitcpio dhcpcd ppp xfsprogs reiserfsprogs jfsutils logrotate lvm2 pcmciautils netcfg heirloom-mailx iputils iproute2 man-pages mdadm inetutils man-db cronie vi |
− | |||
Also consider regularly clearing out pacman's cache: | Also consider regularly clearing out pacman's cache: | ||
Line 231: | Line 265: | ||
export PATH="/opt/java/bin/:$PATH" | export PATH="/opt/java/bin/:$PATH" | ||
===arch32-light=== | ===arch32-light=== | ||
− | Xyne has created a package that installs a minimalist 32-bit chroot as described above. More information can be found [ | + | Xyne has created a package that installs a minimalist 32-bit chroot as described above. More information can be found [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=97629 on the forum] and [http://xyne.archlinux.ca/projects/arch32-light on the project page]. |
===Allowing 32-bit applications access to 64-bit Pulseaudio=== | ===Allowing 32-bit applications access to 64-bit Pulseaudio=== | ||
Line 243: | Line 277: | ||
umount /opt/arch32/var/lib/dbus | umount /opt/arch32/var/lib/dbus | ||
− | More information is available at the [[Pulseaudio]] article, especially the section on [ | + | More information is available at the [[Pulseaudio]] article, especially the section on [[PulseAudio#Pulseaudio_from_within_a_chroot_.28ex._32-bit_chroot_in_64-bit_install.29|Pulseaudio from within a chroot]]. |
===Enabling sound in Firefox=== | ===Enabling sound in Firefox=== |
Revision as of 21:59, 9 January 2013
zh-CN:Install bundled 32-bit system in Arch64 Template:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary end
Contents
Make the i686 Chroot
tl;dr version
For those wanting a single copy/paste:
export LOCATION=/opt/arch32 # more flexibility here if users which an alternative location for the chroot mkdir $LOCATION sed -e 's/\$arch/i686/g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist > $LOCATION/mirrorlist sed -e 's@/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist@$LOCATION/mirrorlist@g' -e '/Architecture/ s,auto,i686,' /etc/pacman.conf > $LOCATION/pacman.conf mkdir -p $LOCATION/var/{cache/pacman/pkg,lib/pacman} pacman --root $LOCATION --cachedir $LOCATION/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config $LOCATION/pacman.conf -Sy pacman --root $LOCATION --cachedir $LOCATION/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config $LOCATION/pacman.conf -S base base-devel mv $LOCATION/mirrorlist $LOCATION/etc/pacman.d cd $LOCATION/etc cp /etc/passwd* . cp /etc/shadow* . cp /etc/group* . cp /etc/sudoers . cp /etc/resolv.conf . cp /etc/localtime . cp /etc/locale.gen . cp /etc/profile.d/locale.sh profile.d cp /etc/vimrc . cp /etc/mtab . cp /etc/inputrc .
Install the Base 32-bit System
1. Create the directory:
mkdir /opt/arch32
2. Generate temporary pacman configuration files for chroot:
sed -e 's/\$arch/i686/g' /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist > /opt/arch32/mirrorlist sed -e 's@/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist@/opt/arch32/mirrorlist@g' -e '/Architecture/ s,auto,i686,' /etc/pacman.conf > /opt/arch32/pacman.conf
- These files would conflict with the normal pacman files, which will be installed in the later steps.
- For this reason they must be put into a temporary location (
/opt/arch32
is used here). - Remember to delete/comment the multilib repo, if you have enable it, in the
/opt/arch32/pacman.conf
file
3. Create the directory:
mkdir -p /opt/arch32/var/{cache/pacman/pkg,lib/pacman}
4. Sync pacman:
pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -Sy
5. Install the base and optionally base-devel groups:
pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -S base base-devel
Optionally add your favorite text editor and distcc if you plan to compile within the chroot with other machines:
pacman --root /opt/arch32 --cachedir /opt/arch32/var/cache/pacman/pkg --config /opt/arch32/pacman.conf -S base base-devel sudo vim distcc
Optionally move the pacman mirror list into place:
mv /opt/arch32/mirrorlist /opt/arch32/etc/pacman.d
Configuration files
Key configuration files should be copied over:
cd /opt/arch32/etc cp /etc/passwd* . cp /etc/shadow* . cp /etc/group* . cp /etc/sudoers . cp /etc/resolv.conf . cp /etc/localtime . cp /etc/locale.gen . cp /etc/profile.d/locale.sh profile.d cp /etc/vimrc . cp /etc/mtab . cp /etc/inputrc .
Be sure to include the "." character!
Remember to define the correct the number of MAKEFLAGS and other vars in /opt/arch32/etc/makepkg.conf
before attempting to build.
Create an Arch32 Daemon Script and Systemd Service
/etc/systemd/system/arch32.service
[Unit] Description=32-bit chroot [Service] Type=oneshot RemainAfterExit=yes ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/arch32 start ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/arch32 stop [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
/usr/local/bin/arch32
#!/bin/bash start_distccd() { [[ ! -L /opt/arch32/usr/bin/distccd-chroot ]] && ln -s /usr/bin/distccd /opt/arch32/usr/bin/distccd-chroot DISTCC_ARGS="--user nobody --allow 192.168.0.0/24 --port 3692 --log-level warning --log-file /tmp/distccd-i686.log" if [[ -z "$(pgrep distccd-chroot)" ]]; then linux32 chroot /opt/arch32 /bin/bash -c "/usr/bin/distccd-chroot --daemon ${DISTCC_ARGS}" echo "Startup OK!" else echo "/usr/bin/distccd-chroot seems to be running so doing nothing!" fi } stop_distccd() { if [[ -n "$(pgrep distccd-chroot)" ]]; then linux32 chroot /opt/arch32 /bin/bash -c "pkill -SIGTERM distccd-chroot" echo "Shutdown OK!" else echo "/usr/bin/distccd-chroot does NOT seems to be running so doing nothing!" fi } case $1 in start) # if you have the main chroot on another partition # create the .arch32 file as a simple check for mount status # edit to fit your system and take note of the corresponding unmount option in the stop function # [[ ! -f /opt/arch32/.arch32 ]] && mount LABEL="arch32" /opt/arch32 dirs=(/tmp /dev /dev/pts /scratch /home) for d in "${dirs[@]}"; do mount -o bind $d /opt/arch32$d done mount -t proc none /opt/arch32/proc mount -t sysfs none /opt/arch32/sys touch /run/arch32 # if you use distccd from within the chroot uncomment this and the corresponding line in the stop function # start_distccd ;; stop) dirs=(/home /scratch /dev/pts /tmp) # if you use distccd from within the chroot uncomment this # stop_distccd umount /opt/arch32/{sys,proc} for d in "${dirs[@]}"; do umount "/opt/arch32$d" done sleep 5s umount /opt/arch32/dev # needs to come out of the for loop # if using a separate partition for arch32 # umount /opt/arch32 rm -f /run/arch32 ;; *) echo "usage: $0 (start|stop)" exit 1 esac
Be sure to make the init script executable:
# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/arch32
Enable the service as any other systemd service.
Configure the new system
Configure the chroot
Chroot into the new system:
/etc/rc.d/arch32 start xhost +SI:localuser:usernametogiveaccesstogoeshere chroot /opt/arch32
It is recommended to use a custom bash prompt inside the 32-bit chroot installation in order to differentiate from the regular system. You can, for example, add a ARCH32 string to the PS1 variable defined in ~/.bashrc
. In fact, the default Debian .bashrc prompt string contains appropriate logic to report whether the working directory is within a chroot.
First-time Setup
Fix possible locale issues:
/usr/sbin/locale-gen
Initialize pacman:
sed -i 's/CheckSpace/#CheckSpace/' /etc/pacman.conf pacman-key --init pacman-key --populate archlinux
Install Needed Packages
Install the needed packages including apps, fonts, etc. for example:
pacman -S firefox pacman -S flashplugin
Regain Space (Optional)
The following shows recommended packages for removal:
pacman -Rd linux mkinitcpio dhcpcd ppp xfsprogs reiserfsprogs jfsutils logrotate lvm2 pcmciautils netcfg heirloom-mailx iputils iproute2 man-pages mdadm inetutils man-db cronie vi
Also consider regularly clearing out pacman's cache:
pacman -Scc
Install and Configure Schroot
Install "schroot" to the native 64-bit installation:
pacman -S schroot
Edit /etc/schroot/schroot.conf
, and create an [Arch32] section.
[Arch32] type=directory profile=arch32 description=Arch32 directory=/opt/arch32 users=user1,user2,user3 groups=users root-groups=root personality=linux32 aliases=32,default
Optionally edit /etc/schroot/arch32/mount
to match the mounts created within /etc/rc.d/arch32
.
Using Schroot to run a 32-bit application
The general syntax for calling an application inside the chroot is:
schroot -p -- htop
In this example, htop is called from within the 32-bit environment.
Troubleshooting
Compilation and installing
Ensure the desired options are set in the local /etc/makepkg.conf
.
Some packages may require a --host
flag be added to the ./configure script in the PKBUILD:
./configure --host="i686-pc-linux" ...
This is the case when the build makes use of values (for example, the output of the uname
command) inherited from your base system.
You may need to give users write access to your chroot's /dev/null to stop some scripts from failing:
chmod 666 /dev/null
Video issues
If you get:
X Error of failed request: BadLength (poly request too large or internal Xlib length error)
while trying to run an application that requires video acceleration, make sure you have installed appropriate video drivers in your chroot. For example,
pacman -S nvidia
Sound in flash (youtube, etc.)
To get sound from the flash player in Firefox, open a terminal and chroot inside the 32-bit system:
chroot /opt/arch32
From there, install alsa-oss:
pacman -S alsa-oss
Then type:
export FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"
Every chroot into the 32-bit system will require this export command to be entered so it may be best to incorporate it into a script.
Finally, launch Firefox.
For Wine this works the same way. The package alsa-oss will also install the alsa libs required by Wine to output sound.
Tips and tricks
Java in a chroot
See Java for installation instructions.
After installing, adjust the path to get Java working:
export PATH="/opt/java/bin/:$PATH"
arch32-light
Xyne has created a package that installs a minimalist 32-bit chroot as described above. More information can be found on the forum and on the project page.
Allowing 32-bit applications access to 64-bit Pulseaudio
Add these lines in /etc/rc.d/arch32
, above add_daemon arch32
:
mount --bind /var/run /opt/arch32/var/run mount --bind /var/lib/dbus /opt/arch32/var/lib/dbus
And above rm_daemon arch32
:
umount /opt/arch32/var/run umount /opt/arch32/var/lib/dbus
More information is available at the Pulseaudio article, especially the section on Pulseaudio from within a chroot.
Enabling sound in Firefox
Open a text editor and save the following in /usr/bin/firefox32
as root:
#!/bin/sh schroot -p firefox $1;export FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"
Make it executable:
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/firefox32
Now you can make an alias for Firefox, if desired:
alias firefox="firefox32"
Add this to the end of file ~/.bashrc
and source it to enable its usage. Or you can just change all your desktop environment's launchers to firefox32 if you still want 64-bit Firefox to be available.
Enabling 3D acceleration
In case you want to run any 32 bit application under your chroot with 3D acceleration (e.g. WINE, native 32 bit games) you simply need to install the corresponding libs as under your "native" arch.
For an ATI card using the radeon driver this could be:
pacman -S xf86-video-ati libgl ati-dri
For more informations on how to set up your graphic adapter refer to:
Your can easily check if you have 3D rendering within the 32 bit chroot by installing mesa-demos and running the following command:
glxinfo | grep renderer
If you have no 3D acceleration you'll get some output like this:
[joe@arch64]$ OpenGL renderer string: Software Rasterizer
If 3D acceleration is enabled you'll get a message like this:
[joe@arch64]$ OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI R600 (RV730 9490) 20090101 x86/MMX+/3DNow!+/SSE2 TCL DRI2
Script for wine
In order to compile wine, you need a 32-bit system installed. Compiling wine is needed for applying patches in order to get PulseAudio working. See also wine-hacks from AUR.
Add the following alias to ~/.bashrc
:
alias wine='schroot -pqd "$(pwd)" -- wine'
The -q
switch makes schroot operate in quiet mode, so it works like "regular" wine does. Also note that If you still use dchroot instead of schroot, you should use switch -d
instead of -s
.