Difference between revisions of "Install from SSH"

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{{i18n|Install from SSH}}
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[[it:Install from SSH]]
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[[ja:Install from SSH]]
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[[ru:Install from SSH]]
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[[zh-CN:Install from SSH]]
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[[pt:Install from SSH]]
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[[Category:Getting and installing Arch]]
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[[Category:Secure Shell]]
  
 
==Intro==
 
==Intro==
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This article is intended to show users how to install Arch remotely via an SSH connection.  Consider this approach over the standard one in scenarios such the following:
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This article is intended to show users how to install Arch remotely via an SSH connection.  Consider this approach over the standard one in scenarios such as the following:
  
 
Setting up Arch on...
 
Setting up Arch on...
 
*HTPC without a proper monitor (i.e. an SDTV).
 
*HTPC without a proper monitor (i.e. an SDTV).
−
*A PC located in another city, state, country.
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*A PC located in another city, state, country (friend's house, parent's house, etc.)
 
*A PC that you would rather setup remotely, for example from the comfort of one's own workstation with copy/paste abilities from the Arch Wiki.
 
*A PC that you would rather setup remotely, for example from the comfort of one's own workstation with copy/paste abilities from the Arch Wiki.
  
Line 12: Line 18:
  
 
== Boot from Media==
 
== Boot from Media==
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Boot into a live Arch environment via the [[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Beginners%27_Guide#Step_1:_Obtain_the_latest_Installation_media live CD/USB image]] and log in as '''root'''.
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Boot into a live Arch environment via the [[Beginners'_Guide#Obtain_the_latest_installation_media|Live CD/USB image]].
  
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== Setup the Live Environment to use SSH ==
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==Setup the Live Environment to use SSH==
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One should be presented with the root prompt '''[root@archiso ~]#''' at this point.
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{{Note| The following commands should be executed as the root user, hence the '''#''' before the commands.}}
  
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Firstly, setup the network on the target machine:
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One should be logged in as root at this point. (This is the default user when running the livecd)
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aif -partial-configure-network
 
  
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Secondly, sync the live environment to a mirror, install the openssh package, and start it:
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First, setup the network on the target machine.
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pacman -Syy
 
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pacman -S openssh
 
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/etc/rc.d/sshd start
 
  
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{{Note|Depending on the age of the install media, pacman may complain that '''it''' should be upgraded first.  Since the goal is to simply install the openssh package, it s recommended to deny this request and simply install the single package.}}
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Assuming a wired connection, running {{ic|dhclient}} or {{ic|dhcpcd}} is sufficient to get a lease. For more info, visit [[configuring network]].
  
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<pre># pacman -S  openssh
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If on a wireless connection, see [[Wireless Setup]] and [[Wpa_supplicant]] for details on establishing a connection to your access point.
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:: The following packages should be upgraded first :
 
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    pacman 
 
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:: Do you want to cancel the current operation
 
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:: and upgrade these packages now? [Y/n] n</pre>
 
  
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Finally, allow sshd connections and setup a root password which is needed for an ssh connection; the default arch password for root is empty.
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Secondly, start the openssh daemon:
  
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  echo "sshd: ALL" >> /etc/hosts.allow
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On a live system using systemd: (2012.10.06 or later)
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  # systemctl start sshd
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 +
On a live system using initscripts: (pre-2012.10.06)
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# rc.d start sshd
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 +
Finally, setup a root password which is needed for an ssh connection; the default arch password for root is empty.
 
  passwd
 
  passwd
  
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From here one is presented with live environment's the welcome message and is able to administer the target machine as-if sitting at the physical keyboard.
 
From here one is presented with live environment's the welcome message and is able to administer the target machine as-if sitting at the physical keyboard.
  
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<pre>$ ssh root@10.1.10.105
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<pre>ssh root@10.1.10.105
 
root@10.1.10.105's password:  
 
root@10.1.10.105's password:  
 
Last login: Thu Dec 23 08:33:02 2010 from 10.1.10.200
 
Last login: Thu Dec 23 08:33:02 2010 from 10.1.10.200
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**************************************************************
 
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* To begin installation, run /arch/setup                    *
 
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* You can find documentation at                              *
 
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*  /usr/share/aif/docs/official_installation_guide_en        *
 
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*                                                            *
 
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* i18n: Use the 'km' utility to change your keyboard layout  *
 
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*      and console font.                                    *
 
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*                                                            *
 
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* If you are looking to install Arch on something more      *
 
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* exotic, such as your kerosene-powered cheese grater,      *
 
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* please consult http://wiki.archlinux.org.                  *
 
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*                                                            *
 
−
**************************************************************
 
 
[root@archiso ~]#</pre>
 
[root@archiso ~]#</pre>
  
 
===Notes===
 
===Notes===
 
*If the target machine is behind a firewall/router, the default ssh port of 22 will obviously need to be forward to the target machine's LAN IP address.  The use of port forwarding is not covered in this guide.
 
*If the target machine is behind a firewall/router, the default ssh port of 22 will obviously need to be forward to the target machine's LAN IP address.  The use of port forwarding is not covered in this guide.
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*One can edit {{Filename|/etc/ssh/sshd_config}} on the live environment prior to starting the daemon for example to run on a non-standard port if desired.
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*One can edit {{ic|/etc/ssh/sshd_config}} on the live environment prior to starting the daemon for example to run on a non-standard port if desired.
  
 
==Next Steps==
 
==Next Steps==
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The sky is the limit.  If the intent is to simply install Arch from the live media, run {{Filename|/arch/setup}}.  If the intent is to edit an existing Linux install that got broken, follow the [[Install from Existing Linux]] wiki article.
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The sky is the limit.  If the intent is to simply install Arch from the live media, follow the guide at [[Installation Guide]].  If the intent is to edit an existing Linux install that got broken, follow the [[Install from Existing Linux]] wiki article.
  
 
Want [[grub2]] or the ability to use [[GPT]] hardrives?
 
Want [[grub2]] or the ability to use [[GPT]] hardrives?
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  cd /mnt
 
  cd /mnt
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  rm console ; mknod -m 600 console c 5 1  
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  rm console ; mknod -m 600 console c 5 1
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  rm null ; mknod -m 666 null c 1 3  
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  rm null ; mknod -m 666 null c 1 3
 
  rm zero ; mknod -m 666 zero c 1 5
 
  rm zero ; mknod -m 666 zero c 1 5
 
  mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
 
  mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
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  grep -v rootfs /proc/mounts > /etc/mtab
 
  grep -v rootfs /proc/mounts > /etc/mtab
  
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Edit {{Filename|/etc/defualt/grub}} to your liking.
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Edit {{ic|/etc/default/grub}} to your liking.
 
Install grub and generate a grub.cfg
 
Install grub and generate a grub.cfg
  

Revision as of 12:45, 5 February 2013

zh-CN:Install from SSH

Intro

This article is intended to show users how to install Arch remotely via an SSH connection. Consider this approach over the standard one in scenarios such as the following:

Setting up Arch on...

  • HTPC without a proper monitor (i.e. an SDTV).
  • A PC located in another city, state, country (friend's house, parent's house, etc.)
  • A PC that you would rather setup remotely, for example from the comfort of one's own workstation with copy/paste abilities from the Arch Wiki.
Note: The first two steps require physical access to the machine. Obviously, if physically located elsewhere, this will need to be coordinated with another person!

Boot from Media

Boot into a live Arch environment via the Live CD/USB image.

Setup the Live Environment to use SSH

Note: The following commands should be executed as the root user, hence the # before the commands.

One should be logged in as root at this point. (This is the default user when running the livecd)

First, setup the network on the target machine.

Assuming a wired connection, running dhclient or dhcpcd is sufficient to get a lease. For more info, visit configuring network.

If on a wireless connection, see Wireless Setup and Wpa_supplicant for details on establishing a connection to your access point.

Secondly, start the openssh daemon:

On a live system using systemd: (2012.10.06 or later) 

# systemctl start sshd

On a live system using initscripts: (pre-2012.10.06) 

# rc.d start sshd

Finally, setup a root password which is needed for an ssh connection; the default arch password for root is empty. 

passwd

Connect to the Target PC via SSH

Connect to the target machine via the following command: 

$ ssh root@ip.address.of.target

From here one is presented with live environment's the welcome message and is able to administer the target machine as-if sitting at the physical keyboard. 

ssh root@10.1.10.105
root@10.1.10.105's password: 
Last login: Thu Dec 23 08:33:02 2010 from 10.1.10.200
[root@archiso ~]#

Notes

  • If the target machine is behind a firewall/router, the default ssh port of 22 will obviously need to be forward to the target machine's LAN IP address. The use of port forwarding is not covered in this guide.
  • One can edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the live environment prior to starting the daemon for example to run on a non-standard port if desired.

Next Steps

The sky is the limit. If the intent is to simply install Arch from the live media, follow the guide at Installation Guide. If the intent is to edit an existing Linux install that got broken, follow the Install from Existing Linux wiki article.

Want grub2 or the ability to use GPT hardrives?

  • Manually partition the target HDD/SDD using the gdisk utility installed via pacman -S gdisk before starting the arch installer and when presented with the option to install a boot loader in the installation framework, simply answer no and drop back to the live environment's root prompt.
  • Installation of grub2 is trivial at this point. Simply chroot into the fresh arch install (default pre-mounted if coming out of the installer) then install and setup grub2:
cd /mnt
rm console ; mknod -m 600 console c 5 1
rm null ; mknod -m 666 null c 1 3
rm zero ; mknod -m 666 zero c 1 5
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev
chroot /mnt /bin/bash

Now inside the fresh Arch chroot: 

pacman -S grub2
grep -v rootfs /proc/mounts > /etc/mtab

Edit /etc/default/grub to your liking. Install grub and generate a grub.cfg 

grub-install /dev/sdX --no-floppy
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Note: The above assumes that if the user intends to boot from a GPT disk, the user has fully read and understood the aforementioned wiki articles and has made a 1M partition ef02 for grub2.

When ready to reboot into the new Arch install, exit the chroot and unmount the partitions prior to a reboot of the system. 

exit
umount /mnt/boot   # if mounted this or any other separate partitions
umount /mnt/{proc,sys,dev}
umount /mnt
Retrieved from "https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php?title=Install_from_SSH&oldid=246413"