Difference between revisions of "Installation guide"
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+ | [[Category:About Arch]] | ||
[[Category:Getting and installing Arch]] | [[Category:Getting and installing Arch]] | ||
+ | [[cs:Installation Guide]] | ||
[[de:Arch Install Scripts]] | [[de:Arch Install Scripts]] | ||
+ | [[el:Installation Guide]] | ||
+ | [[es:Installation Guide]] | ||
[[fr:Arch_install_scripts]] | [[fr:Arch_install_scripts]] | ||
[[it:Installation Guide]] | [[it:Installation Guide]] | ||
+ | [[ko:Installation Guide]] | ||
+ | [[pl:Installation Guide]] | ||
+ | [[pt:Installation Guide]] | ||
+ | [[ro:Ghid de instalare]] | ||
[[ru:Installation Guide]] | [[ru:Installation Guide]] | ||
+ | [[uk:Installation Guide]] | ||
[[zh-CN:Installation Guide]] | [[zh-CN:Installation Guide]] | ||
[[zh-TW:Installation Guide]] | [[zh-TW:Installation Guide]] | ||
− | + | This document will guide you through the process of installing [[Arch Linux]] using the [https://github.com/falconindy/arch-install-scripts Arch Install Scripts]. Before installing, you are advised to skim over the [[FAQ]]. | |
− | + | The community-maintained [[Main Page|Arch wiki]] is an excellent resource and should be consulted for issues first. The [[Wikipedia:IRC|IRC]] channel (irc://irc.freenode.net/#archlinux), and the [https://bbs.archlinux.org/ forums] are also available if the answer cannot be found elsewhere. Also, be sure to check out the {{ic|man}} pages for any command you are unfamiliar with; this can usually be invoked with {{ic|man ''command''}}. | |
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− | + | == Download == | |
− | + | Download the new Arch Linux ISO from the [https://www.archlinux.org/download/ Arch Linux download page]. | |
− | + | * A single image is provided which can be booted into an i686 and x86_64 live system to install Arch Linux over the network. Media containing the [core] repository are no longer provided. | |
− | + | * Install images are signed and it is highly recommend to verify their signature before use. On Arch Linux, this can be done by using {{bc|pacman-key -v <iso-file>.sig}} | |
− | + | * The image can be burned to a CD, mounted as an ISO file, or directly written to a USB stick using a utility like {{ic|dd}}. It is intended for new installations only; an existing Arch Linux system can always be updated with {{ic|pacman -Syu}}. | |
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== Keyboard layout == | == Keyboard layout == | ||
For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like {{ic|loadkeys uk}} might do what you want. More available keymap files can be found in {{ic|/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/}} (you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using loadkeys). | For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like {{ic|loadkeys uk}} might do what you want. More available keymap files can be found in {{ic|/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/}} (you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using loadkeys). | ||
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== Partition disks == | == Partition disks == | ||
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Remember to create any stacked block devices like [[lvm|LVM]], [[Dm-crypt_with_LUKS|LUKS]], or [[RAID|RAID]]. | Remember to create any stacked block devices like [[lvm|LVM]], [[Dm-crypt_with_LUKS|LUKS]], or [[RAID|RAID]]. | ||
− | == Format partitions == | + | == Format the partitions == |
− | See [[ | + | See [[File Systems#Step_2:_create_the_new_file_system|File Systems]] for details. |
− | If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. Read [[Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Create_an_UEFI_System_Partition_in_Linux| | + | If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. Read [[Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface#Create_an_UEFI_System_Partition_in_Linux|Create an UEFI System Partition in Linux]]. |
== Mount the partitions == | == Mount the partitions == | ||
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== Connect to the internet == | == Connect to the internet == | ||
− | + | A DHCP service is already enabled for all available devices. If you need to setup a static IP or use management tools such as [[Netcfg#Configuration|Netcfg]], you should stop this service first: {{ic|systemctl stop dhcpcd.service}}. For more information read [[configuring network]]. | |
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=== Wireless === | === Wireless === | ||
− | + | Run {{ic|wifi-menu}} to set up your wireless network. For details, see [[Wireless Setup]] and [[Netcfg#Configuration|Netcfg]]. | |
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== Install the base system == | == Install the base system == | ||
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* For BIOS: | * For BIOS: | ||
− | # | + | # arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S grub-bios |
* For EFI (in rare cases you will need {{ic|grub-efi-i386}} instead): | * For EFI (in rare cases you will need {{ic|grub-efi-i386}} instead): | ||
− | # | + | # arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S /mnt grub-efi-x86_64 |
− | * Install GRUB after chrooting (refer to [[#Configure | + | * Install GRUB after chrooting (refer to the [[#Configure the system]] section). |
=== [[Syslinux|Syslinux]] === | === [[Syslinux|Syslinux]] === | ||
− | # | + | # arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S syslinux |
− | == Configure system == | + | == Configure the system == |
Generate an [[fstab]] with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the {{ic|-U}} or {{ic|-L}} option, respectively): | Generate an [[fstab]] with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the {{ic|-U}} or {{ic|-L}} option, respectively): | ||
# genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab | # genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab | ||
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# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Athens /etc/localtime | # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Athens /etc/localtime | ||
− | * Set [ | + | * Set [[Locale#Setting system-wide locale|locale]] preferences in {{ic|/etc/locale.conf}}. |
+ | * Add [[KEYMAP|console keymap and font]] preferences in {{ic|/etc/vconsole.conf}} | ||
* Uncomment the selected locale in {{ic|/etc/locale.gen}} and generate it with {{ic|locale-gen}}. | * Uncomment the selected locale in {{ic|/etc/locale.gen}} and generate it with {{ic|locale-gen}}. | ||
* Configure {{ic|/etc/mkinitcpio.conf}} as needed (see [[mkinitcpio]]) and create an initial RAM disk with: | * Configure {{ic|/etc/mkinitcpio.conf}} as needed (see [[mkinitcpio]]) and create an initial RAM disk with: | ||
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# mkinitcpio -p linux | # mkinitcpio -p linux | ||
− | * Configure the bootloader. | + | * Configure the bootloader: refer back to the appropriate article from the bootloader installation section. |
− | * | + | * Set a root password with {{ic|passwd}}. |
− | # | + | == Unmount and reboot == |
+ | If you are still in the chroot environment type {{ic|exit}} or press {{keypress|Ctrl+D}} in order to exit. | ||
+ | Earlier we mounted the partitions under {{ic|/mnt}}. In this step we will unmount them: | ||
+ | # umount /mnt/{boot,home,} | ||
− | + | Now reboot and then login into the new system with the root account. | |
− | |||
− | + | == Configure pacman == | |
+ | Edit {{ic|/etc/pacman.conf}} and configure pacman's options, also enabling the repositories you need. | ||
− | + | See [[Pacman]] and [[Official Repositories]] for details. | |
− | + | == Update the system == | |
+ | At this point you should update your system. | ||
− | + | See [[Pacman#Upgrading packages|Upgrading packages]] for instructions. | |
− | == | + | == Add a user == |
− | + | Finally, add a normal user as described in [[Users and Groups#User management|User management]]. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | Your new Arch Linux base system is now a functional GNU/Linux environment: you can proceed to [[Beginners' Guide/Extra]] for customization suggestions. |
Revision as of 22:44, 28 October 2012
zh-CN:Installation Guide zh-TW:Installation Guide This document will guide you through the process of installing Arch Linux using the Arch Install Scripts. Before installing, you are advised to skim over the FAQ.
The community-maintained Arch wiki is an excellent resource and should be consulted for issues first. The IRC channel (irc://irc.freenode.net/#archlinux), and the forums are also available if the answer cannot be found elsewhere. Also, be sure to check out the man
pages for any command you are unfamiliar with; this can usually be invoked with man command
.
Contents
Download
Download the new Arch Linux ISO from the Arch Linux download page.
- A single image is provided which can be booted into an i686 and x86_64 live system to install Arch Linux over the network. Media containing the [core] repository are no longer provided.
- Install images are signed and it is highly recommend to verify their signature before use. On Arch Linux, this can be done by using
pacman-key -v <iso-file>.sig
- The image can be burned to a CD, mounted as an ISO file, or directly written to a USB stick using a utility like
dd
. It is intended for new installations only; an existing Arch Linux system can always be updated withpacman -Syu
.
Keyboard layout
For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available already, and a command like loadkeys uk
might do what you want. More available keymap files can be found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/
(you can omit the keymap path and file extension when using loadkeys).
Partition disks
See partitioning for details.
Remember to create any stacked block devices like LVM, LUKS, or RAID.
Format the partitions
See File Systems for details.
If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. Read Create an UEFI System Partition in Linux.
Mount the partitions
We now must mount the root partition on /mnt
. You should also create directories for and mount any other partitions (/mnt/boot
, /mnt/home
, ...) if you want them to be detected by genfstab
.
Connect to the internet
A DHCP service is already enabled for all available devices. If you need to setup a static IP or use management tools such as Netcfg, you should stop this service first: systemctl stop dhcpcd.service
. For more information read configuring network.
Wireless
Run wifi-menu
to set up your wireless network. For details, see Wireless Setup and Netcfg.
Install the base system
Before installing, you may want to edit /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
such that your preferred mirror is first. This copy of the mirrorlist will be installed on your new system by pacstrap
as well, so it's worth getting it right.
Using the pacstrap script we install the base system. The base-devel package group should also be installed if you plan on compiling software from the AUR or using ABS.
# pacstrap /mnt base base-devel
Other packages can be installed by appending their names to the above command (space seperated), including the bootloader if you want.
Install a bootloader
GRUB
- For BIOS:
# arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S grub-bios
- For EFI (in rare cases you will need
grub-efi-i386
instead):
# arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S /mnt grub-efi-x86_64
- Install GRUB after chrooting (refer to the #Configure the system section).
Syslinux
# arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S syslinux
Configure the system
Generate an fstab with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the -U
or -L
option, respectively):
# genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
Next we chroot into our newly installed system:
# arch-chroot /mnt
- Write your hostname to
/etc/hostname
. - Symlink
/etc/localtime
to/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone
. ReplaceZone
andSubzone
to your liking. For example:
# ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Athens /etc/localtime
- Set locale preferences in
/etc/locale.conf
. - Add console keymap and font preferences in
/etc/vconsole.conf
- Uncomment the selected locale in
/etc/locale.gen
and generate it withlocale-gen
. - Configure
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
as needed (see mkinitcpio) and create an initial RAM disk with:
# mkinitcpio -p linux
- Configure the bootloader: refer back to the appropriate article from the bootloader installation section.
- Set a root password with
passwd
.
Unmount and reboot
If you are still in the chroot environment type exit
or press Template:Keypress in order to exit.
Earlier we mounted the partitions under /mnt
. In this step we will unmount them:
# umount /mnt/{boot,home,}
Now reboot and then login into the new system with the root account.
Configure pacman
Edit /etc/pacman.conf
and configure pacman's options, also enabling the repositories you need.
See Pacman and Official Repositories for details.
Update the system
At this point you should update your system.
See Upgrading packages for instructions.
Add a user
Finally, add a normal user as described in User management.
Your new Arch Linux base system is now a functional GNU/Linux environment: you can proceed to Beginners' Guide/Extra for customization suggestions.