Difference between revisions of "Keyboard shortcuts"
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There are several low level shortcuts that are implemented in the kernel which can be used for debugging and recovering from an unresponsive system. Whenever possible, it is recommended that you use these shortcuts instead of doing a hard shutdown (holding down the power button to completely power off the system). | There are several low level shortcuts that are implemented in the kernel which can be used for debugging and recovering from an unresponsive system. Whenever possible, it is recommended that you use these shortcuts instead of doing a hard shutdown (holding down the power button to completely power off the system). | ||
− | To use these, they must first be activated with either {{ic|1=sysctl kernel.sysrq=1}} or {{ic|echo "1" > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq}}. If you wish to have it enabled during boot, edit {{ic|/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf}} and insert the text {{ic|1=kernel.sysrq = 1}}. If you want to make sure it will be enabled even before the partitions are mounted and in the initrd, then add {{ic|1=sysrq_always_enabled=1}} to your [[kernel parameters]]. | + | To use these, they must first be activated with either {{ic|1=sysctl kernel.sysrq=1}} or {{ic|echo "1" > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq}}. If you wish to have it enabled during boot, [[Sysctl#Configuration|edit]] {{ic|/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf}} and insert the text {{ic|1=kernel.sysrq = 1}}. If you want to make sure it will be enabled even before the partitions are mounted and in the initrd, then add {{ic|1=sysrq_always_enabled=1}} to your [[kernel parameters]]. |
A common idiom to remember this is "'''R'''eboot '''E'''ven '''I'''f '''S'''ystem '''U'''tterly '''B'''roken" (also referred to as "REISUB"). Alternatively, think of it as "BUSIER" backwards. | A common idiom to remember this is "'''R'''eboot '''E'''ven '''I'''f '''S'''ystem '''U'''tterly '''B'''roken" (also referred to as "REISUB"). Alternatively, think of it as "BUSIER" backwards. |
Revision as of 03:36, 10 October 2018
This article provides a list of (not commonly known) default keyboard shortcuts and provides information about user customization.
Contents
Standard shortcuts
Kernel
There are several low level shortcuts that are implemented in the kernel which can be used for debugging and recovering from an unresponsive system. Whenever possible, it is recommended that you use these shortcuts instead of doing a hard shutdown (holding down the power button to completely power off the system).
To use these, they must first be activated with either sysctl kernel.sysrq=1
or echo "1" > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq
. If you wish to have it enabled during boot, edit /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
and insert the text kernel.sysrq = 1
. If you want to make sure it will be enabled even before the partitions are mounted and in the initrd, then add sysrq_always_enabled=1
to your kernel parameters.
A common idiom to remember this is "Reboot Even If System Utterly Broken" (also referred to as "REISUB"). Alternatively, think of it as "BUSIER" backwards.
Keyboard Shortcut | Description |
---|---|
Alt+SysRq+r Unraw
|
Take control of keyboard back from X. |
Alt+SysRq+e Terminate
|
Send SIGTERM to all processes, allowing them to terminate gracefully. |
Alt+SysRq+i Kill
|
Send SIGKILL to all processes, forcing them to terminate immediately. |
Alt+SysRq+s Sync
|
Flush data to disk. |
Alt+SysRq+u Unmount
|
Unmount and remount all filesystems read-only. |
Alt+SysRq+b Reboot
|
Reboot |
- If you are using a display manager and after
Alt+SysRq+e
you are presented with the login screen (or full desktop if autologin is enabled), it is most likely caused byRestart=always
directive in the relevant service file. If necessary, edit the unit, however this should not prevent the "REISUB" sequence from working. - If all the above combinations work except
Alt+SysRq+b
, try using the contralateralAlt
key. - On laptops that use
Fn
key to differentiateSysRq
fromPrtScrn
, it may not actually be necessary to use theFn
key (i.e.,Alt+PrtSc+letter
could work). - On Lenovo laptops
SysRq
is often configured asFn+S
. To use it press and holdAlt
then pressFn+s
, releaseFn
ands
still holdingAlt
followed by the keys above. - You may need to press
Ctrl
along withAlt
. So for example, full key shortcut would beCtrl+Alt+SysRq+b
.
See Wikipedia:Magic SysRq key for more details.
Terminal
Virtual console
See Linux console#Keyboard shortcuts.
Readline
Readline is a commonly used library for line-editing; it is used for example by Bash, FTP, and many more (see the details of readline package under "Required By" for more examples). Readline is also customizable, see examples on the readline page.
Keyboard Shortcut | Description |
---|---|
Ctrl+l
|
Clear the screen |
Cursor Movement | |
Ctrl+b
|
Move cursor one character to the left |
Ctrl+f
|
Move cursor one character to the right |
Alt+b
|
Move cursor one word to the left |
Alt+f
|
Move cursor one word to the right |
Ctrl+a
|
Move cursor to start of the line |
Ctrl+e
|
Move cursor to end of the line |
Copy & Paste | |
Ctrl+u
|
Cut everything from line start to cursor |
Ctrl+k
|
Cut everything from the cursor to end of the line |
Alt+d
|
Cut the current word after the cursor |
Ctrl+w
|
Cut the current word before the cursor |
Ctrl+y
|
Paste the previous cut text |
Alt+y
|
Paste the second latest cut text |
Alt+Ctrl+y
|
Paste the first argument of the previous command |
Alt+. /_
|
Paste the last argument of the previous command |
History | |
Ctrl+p
|
Move to the previous line |
Ctrl+n
|
Move to the next line |
Ctrl+s
|
Search |
Ctrl+r
|
Reverse search |
Ctrl+j
|
End search |
Ctrl+g
|
Abort search (restores original line) |
Alt+r
|
Restores all changes made to line |
Completion | |
Tab
|
Auto-complete a name |
Alt+?
|
List all possible completions |
Alt+*
|
Insert all possible completions |
Xorg and Wayland
Keyboard Shortcut | Description | Notes |
---|---|---|
Ctrl+Alt+F1 , F2 , F3 , ...
|
Switch to n-th virtual console | If it does not work, try Ctrl+Fn+Alt+F… .
|
Shift+Insert Mouse Button 2
|
Paste text from the PRIMARY buffer | By default, Qt maps Shift+Insert to CLIPBOARD instead of the PRIMARY buffer (see e.g. [1]) and Ctrl+Shift+Insert is mapped to the PRIMARY buffer.
|
Customization
Readline
Readline has Emacs-like and vi-like editing modes which can be customized with escape sequences.
Xorg
See Xorg/Keyboard configuration#Frequently used XKB options for some common shortcuts, that are disabled by default.
When we are in a graphical environment we may want to execute a command when certain key combination is pressed (i.e. bind a command to a keysym). There are multiple ways to do that:
- The most portable way using low level tools, such as acpid. Not all keys are supported, but configuration in uniform way is possible for keyboard keys, power adapter connection and even headphone jack (un)plugging events. It is also difficult to run programs inside X session correctly.
- The universal way using Xorg utilities (e.g. xbindkeys) and eventually your desktop environment or window manager tools.
- The quicker way using a third-party program to do everything in GUI, such as the Gnome Control Center.
sxhkd
A simple X hotkey daemon with a powerful and compact configuration syntax. See sxhkd for details.
actkbd
From actkbd home page:
- actkbdAUR (available in AUR) is a simple daemon that binds actions to keyboard events. It recognises key combinations and can handle press, repeat and release events. Currently it only supports the linux-2.6 evdev interface. It uses a plain-text configuration file which contains all the bindings.
A sample configuration and guide is available here.
xbindkeys
xbindkeys allows advanced mapping of keysyms to actions independently of the Desktop Environment.
xbindkeys
difficult to use, try the graphical manager xbindkeys_config-gtk2AUR from the AUR.Key binding for X-selection-paste
Users who prefer to work rather with the keyboard than the mouse may benefit from a key binding to the paste operation of the middle mouse button. This is especially useful in a keyboard-centered environment. A workflow example is:
- In Firefox, select a string you want to google for (with the mouse).
- Hit
Ctrl+k
to enter the "search engine" field. - Hit
F12
to paste the buffer, instead of moving the mouse pointer to the field and center-click to paste.
Shift+Insert
has a similar yet different functionality, see #Xorg: Shift+Insert
inserts the clipboard buffer, not the x-selection-paste buffer. In some applications, these two buffers are mirrored.The method suggested here uses three packages available in the official repositories:
- xsel to give access to the x-selection-buffer content.
- Xbindkeys to bind a key-stroke to an action.
- xvkbdAUR to pass the buffer string to the application by emulating keyboard input.
This example binds the x-selection-paste operation to the F12
key:
.xbindkeysrc
"xvkbd -no-jump-pointer -xsendevent -text "\D1`xsel`" 2>/dev/null" F12
The "\D1"
code prefixes a 100 ms pause to inserting the selection buffer (see the xvkbd home page).
-xsendevent
argument to xvkbd.The key codes for keys other than F12
can be determined using xbindkeys -k
.
References:
XMonad Window Manager
In the xmonad window manager there is a built-in function to paste the x-selection-buffer content. In order to bind that function to a key-stroke (here Insert
key) the following configuration can be used:
xmonad.hs
import XMonad.Util.Paste ... -- X-selection-paste buffer , ((0, xK_Insert), pasteSelection) ]
Tips and tricks
- If you like a keyboard-centered workflow, you might also appreciate a tiling window manager.