Difference between revisions of "Apache HTTP Server"
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* Configure MySQL as described in [[MySQL]]. | * Configure MySQL as described in [[MySQL]]. | ||
− | * | + | * Uncomment the following line in {{ic|/etc/php/php.ini}}: |
extension=mysqli.so | extension=mysqli.so | ||
− | * You can add minor privileged users for your web scripts | + | * You can add minor privileged users for your web scripts in phpMyAdmin. You might also want to edit {{ic|/etc/mysql/my.cnf}} and uncomment the {{ic|skip-networking}} line so the MySQL server is only accessible by the localhost. You have to restart MySQL for changes to take effect. |
* [[Systemd#Using units|Restart]] '''httpd'''. | * [[Systemd#Using units|Restart]] '''httpd'''. |
Revision as of 23:28, 20 November 2012
zh-CN:LAMP LAMP refers to a common combination of software used in many web servers: Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. This article describes how to set up the Apache HTTP Server on an Arch Linux system. It also tells you how to optionally install PHP and MySQL and integrate these in the Apache server.
If you only need a web server for development and testing, Xampp might be a better and easier option.
Contents
Installation
# pacman -S apache php php-apache mysql
This document assumes you will install Apache, PHP and MySQL together. If desired however, you may install Apache, PHP, and MySQL separately and simply refer to the relevant sections below.
Configuration
Apache
For security reasons, as soon as Apache is started by the root user (directly or via startup scripts) it switches to the UID/GID specified in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
- Check for the existence of the http user by looking for http in the output of the following command:
# grep http /etc/passwd
- Create the system user http if it does not exist already:
# useradd -d /srv/http -r -s /bin/false -U http
- This creates the http user with home directory
/srv/http/
, as a system account (-r), with a bogus shell (-s/bin/false
) and creates a group with the same name (-U).
- Change
httpd.conf
and optionallyextra/httpd-default.conf
to your liking. For security reasons, you might want to change ServerTokens Full to ServerTokens Prod and ServerSignature On to ServerSignature Off inextra/httpd-default.conf
.
- Start httpd (the Apache daemon).
- Apache should now be running. Test by visiting http://localhost/ in a web browser. It should display a simple Apache test page. If you receive a 403 Error, comment out the following line in
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
:
Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
- It is also possible to start httpd automatically at boot.
User dirs
- If you do not want user directories to be available on the web (e.g.,
~/public_html
on the machine is accessed as http://localhost/~user/ -Note that you can change what this points to in/etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
), comment the following line in/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
since they are activated by default:
Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
- You must make sure that your home directory permissions are set properly so that Apache can get there. Your home directory and
~/public_html/
must be executable for others ("rest of the world"). This seems to be enough:
$ chmod o+x ~ $ chmod o+x ~/public_html
- More secure way to share your home folder with apache is to add http user in group that your home folder belongs. For example, if your home folder and other sub-folders in your home folder belong to group piter, all you have to do is following:
$ usermod -aG piter http
- Of course, you have to give read and execute permissions on
~/
,~/public_html
, and all other sub-folders in~/public_html
to the group members (group piter in our case). Do something like following (modify commands for your specific case):
$ chmod g+xr-w /home/yourusername $ chmod -R g+xr-w /home/yourusername/public_html
and restart httpd.
SSL
Create self-signed certificate (you can change key size and days of validity)
# cd /etc/httpd/conf # openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024 # openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr # cp server.key server.key.org # openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key # openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
In /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
uncomment line
Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
and restart httpd.
Virtual Hosts
If you want to have more than one host, make sure you have
# Virtual hosts Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
.
In /etc/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
set your virtual hosts according the example, e.g.:
NameVirtualHost *:80 #this first virtualhost enables: http://127.0.0.1, or: http://localhost, #to still go to /srv/http/*index.html(otherwise it will 404_error). #the reason for this: once you tell httpd.conf to include extra/httpd-vhosts.conf, #ALL vhosts are handled in httpd-vhosts.conf(including the default one), # E.G. the default virtualhost in httpd.conf is not used and must be included here, #otherwise, only domainname1.dom & domainname2.dom will be accessible #from your web browser and NOT http://127.0.0.1, or: http://localhost, etc. # <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/srv/http" ServerAdmin root@localhost ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/127.0.0.1-error_log" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/127.0.0.1-access_log" common <Directory /srv/http/> DirectoryIndex index.htm index.html AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl Options ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews +Includes AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin your@domainname1.dom DocumentRoot "/home/username/yoursites/domainname1.dom/www" ServerName domainname1.dom ServerAlias domainname1.dom <Directory /home/username/yoursites/domainname1.dom/www/> DirectoryIndex index.htm index.html AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl Options ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews +Includes AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin your@domainname2.dom DocumentRoot "/home/username/yoursites/domainname2.dom/www" ServerName domainname2.dom ServerAlias domainname2.dom <Directory /home/username/yoursites/domainname2.dom/www/> DirectoryIndex index.htm index.html AddHandler cgi-script .cgi .pl Options ExecCGI Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews +Includes AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost>
Add your virtual host names to your /etc/hosts
file (NOT necessary if bind is serving these domains already, but will not hurt):
127.0.0.1 domainname1.dom 127.0.0.1 domainname2.dom
and restart httpd.
If you setup your virtual hosts to be in your user directory, sometimes it interferes with Apache's 'Userdir' settings. To avoid problems disable 'Userdir' by commenting it out:
# User home directories #Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf
As said above, ensure that you have the proper permissions:
# chmod 0775 /home/yourusername/
If you have a huge amount of virtual hosts you easily want to dis- and enable, it's recommended to create one config file per virtualhost and store them all in one folder, eg: /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts
.
First create the folder:
# mkdir /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts
Then place the single config files in them:
# nano /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts/domainname1.dom # nano /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts/domainname2.dom ...
In the last step, "Include" the single configs in your /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
:
#Enabled Vhosts: Include conf/vhosts/domainname1.dom #Include conf/vhosts/domainname1.dom
You can enable and disable single virtual hosts by commenting them out or uncommenting them.
Advanced Options
These options in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
might be interesting for you:
# Listen 80
This is the port Apache will listen to. For Internet-access with router, you have to forward the port.
If you setup Apache for local development you may want it to be only accessible from your computer. Then change this line to:
# Listen 127.0.0.1:80
This is the admin's email-address which can be found on e.g. error-pages:
# ServerAdmin sample@sample.com
This is the directory where you should put your web pages:
# DocumentRoot "/srv/http"
Change it, if you want to, but do not forget to also change the
<Directory "/srv/http">
to whatever you changed your DocumentRoot to, or you will likely get a 403 error (lack of privileges) when you try to access the new document root. Do not forget to change the Deny from all line, otherwise you will get 403 error too.
# AllowOverride None
This directive in <Directory>
sections causes apache to completely ignore .htaccess files. If you intend to use rewrite mod or other settings in .htaccess files, you can allow which directives declared in that file can override server configuration. For more info refer to http://httpd.apache.org/docs/current/mod/core.html#allowoverride
apachectl configtest
PHP
- Install php-apache from the Official repositories.
- Add these lines in
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
:
- Place this in the
LoadModule
list anywhere afterLoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
:
LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so
- Place this at the end of the
Include
list:
Include conf/extra/php5_module.conf
- Make sure that the following line is uncommented in the
<IfModule mime_module>
section:
TypesConfig conf/mime.types
- Uncomment the following line (optional):
MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
- Add this line in
/etc/httpd/conf/mime.types
:
application/x-httpd-php5 php php5
libphp5.so
in the Apache modules directory (/etc/httpd/modules
), you may have forgotten to install php-apache.- If your
DocumentRoot
is not/srv/http
, add it toopen_basedir
in/etc/php/php.ini
as such:
open_basedir=/srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/path/to/documentroot
- Restart httpd.
- Test PHP: Create the file test.php in your Apache DocumentRoot directory (e.g.
/srv/http/
or~/public_html
) and inside it put:
<?php phpinfo(); ?>
- See if it works: http://localhost/test.php or http://localhost/~myname/test.php
- If the PHP code is is not executed (you see : <html>...</html>), check that you have added "Includes" to the "Options" line for your root directory in
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
. Moreover, check thatTypesConfig conf/mime.types
is uncommented in the <IfModule mime_module> section, you may also try adding the following to the <IfModule mime_module> in httpd.conf:
AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
Advanced options
- It is recommended to set your timezone in
/etc/php/php.ini
like so: (list of timezones)
date.timezone = Europe/Berlin
- If you want to display errors to debug your php code, change
display_errors
toOn
in/etc/php/php.ini
:
display_errors=On
- If you want the libGD module, install php-gd and uncomment
extension=gd.so
in/etc/php/php.ini
:
extension=gd.so
- If you want the mcrypt module, install php-mcrypt and uncomment
extension=mcrypt.so
in/etc/php/php.ini
:
extension=mcrypt.so
- Remember to add a file handler for .phtml if you need it in
/etc/httpd/conf/extra/php5_module.conf
:
DirectoryIndex index.php index.phtml index.html
Using php5 with apache2-mpm-worker and mod_fcgid
Uncomment following in /etc/conf.d/apache
:
HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker
Uncomment following in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
:
Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf
Install mod_fcgid and php-cgi packages:
# pacman -S mod_fcgid php-cgi
Create /etc/httpd/conf/extra/php5_fcgid.conf
with following content:
# Required modules: fcgid_module <IfModule fcgid_module> AddHandler php-fcgid .php AddType application/x-httpd-php .php Action php-fcgid /fcgid-bin/php-fcgid-wrapper ScriptAlias /fcgid-bin/ /srv/http/fcgid-bin/ SocketPath /var/run/httpd/fcgidsock SharememPath /var/run/httpd/fcgid_shm # If you don't allow bigger requests many applications may fail (such as WordPress login) FcgidMaxRequestLen 536870912 PHP_Fix_Pathinfo_Enable 1 # Path to php.ini – defaults to /etc/phpX/cgi DefaultInitEnv PHPRC=/etc/php/ # Number of PHP childs that will be launched. Leave undefined to let PHP decide. #DefaultInitEnv PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN 3 # Maximum requests before a process is stopped and a new one is launched #DefaultInitEnv PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS 5000 <Location /fcgid-bin/> SetHandler fcgid-script Options +ExecCGI </Location> </IfModule>
Create needed directory and symlink for php wrapper:
# mkdir /srv/http/fcgid-bin # ln -s /usr/bin/php-cgi /srv/http/fcgid-bin/php-fcgid-wrapper
Edit /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
:
#LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so LoadModule fcgid_module modules/mod_fcgid.so Include conf/extra/php5_fcgid.conf
Make sure /etc/php/php.ini
has the directive enabled:
cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
and restart httpd.
MySQL
- Configure MySQL as described in MySQL.
- Uncomment the following line in
/etc/php/php.ini
:
extension=mysqli.so
- You can add minor privileged users for your web scripts in phpMyAdmin. You might also want to edit
/etc/mysql/my.cnf
and uncomment theskip-networking
line so the MySQL server is only accessible by the localhost. You have to restart MySQL for changes to take effect.
- Restart httpd.
See also
- MySQL - Article for MySQL
- PhpMyAdmin - Web frontend for MySQL typically found in LAMP environments
- Adminer - A full-featured database management tool which is available for MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, MS SQL and Oracle
- Xampp - Self contained web-server that supports PHP, Perl, and MySQL
- mod_perl - Apache + Perl