Lighttpd (简体中文)

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Lighttpd是一个安全，快速，标准，且非常灵活的网页服务器，并对高性能环境做了最佳化。相较于其他网页服务器它占用的存储器很少，注重CPU负载量。它的进阶功能集（FastCGI的，CGI的，权威性，输出压缩，网址重写等等）让Lighttpd成为每个试图拜托负载瓶颈的服务器的完美网页服务器软件。

安装

Lighttpd可以从[extra]仓库获得:

# pacman -S lighttpd

设置

基本设置

lighttpd配置文件： /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf。它预设会产生一个可用的测试页面。

想要检查 lighttpd.conf 中的bug，可以使用以下命令 - 快速查找错误配置：

$ lighttpd -t -f /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf

预设配置文件会把这里 /srv/http/ 指定为提供服务的文件目录。

测试安装结果：

# chmod 755 /srv/http/index.html
# echo 'TestMe!' >> /srv/http/index.html

启动服务:

# systemctl start lighttpd

然后就可以使用浏览器打开网址 localhost ，你应该能见到测试页面。

开机自动启动:

# systemctl enable lighttpd

示例配置文件在 /usr/share/doc/lighttpd/。

FastCGI

Install fcgi

# pacman -S fcgi

Now you have lighttpd with fcgi support. If it was that what you wanted you are all set. People that want Ruby on Rails and/or PHP should continue. Template:Box Note

The following needs adding to the config file, /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf

server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" )

#server.indexfiles += ( "dispatch.fcgi" ) #this is deprecated
index-file.names += ( "dispatch.fcgi" ) #dispatch.fcgi if rails specified

server.error-handler-404   = "/dispatch.fcgi" #too
fastcgi.server = (
    ".fcgi" => (
      "localhost" => ( 
        "socket" => "/run/lighttpd/rails-fastcgi.sock",
        "bin-path" => "/path/to/rails/application/public/dispatch.fcgi"
      )
    )
)

Then in /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf:

include "conf.d/fastcgi.conf"

For PHP or Ruby on Rails see the next sections.

PHP

Install php and required modules (see also PHP and LAMP):

# pacman -S php php-cgi

Check that php-cgi is working php-cgi --version

PHP 5.3.1 with Suhosin-Patch (cgi-fcgi) (built: Nov 23 2009 21:12:29)
Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies

If you get a similar output then php is installed correctly.

Note: Please keep in mind if you receive errors like No input file found after attempting to access your php files then make sure /etc/php/php.ini has the directives enabled:

cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
open_basedir = /srv/http/:/home/:/tmp/:/usr/share/pear/:/another/path:/second/path

And that the files are world readable,

# chmod -R 755

In /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf add:

server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" )

#server.indexfiles += ( "index.php" ) #this is deprecated
index-file.names += ( "index.php" )

fastcgi.server = (
    ".php" => (
      "localhost" => ( 
        "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi",
        "socket" => "/run/lighttpd/php-fastcgi.sock",
        "max-procs" => 4, # default value
        "bin-environment" => (
          "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "1", # default value
        ),
        "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
      ))
)

Then in /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf:

include "conf.d/fastcgi.conf"

Using php-fpm

There is no adaptive spawning anymore in recent lighttpd releases. For dynamic management of PHP processes, you can use php-fpm.

# pacman -S php-fpm
# rc.d start php-fpm

Note: You can configure the number of servers in the pool and tweak other configuration options by editing the file /etc/php/php-fpm.conf. More details on php-fpm can be found on the php-fpm website. You should also note that when you make changes to /etc/php/php.ini you will need to restart php-fpm

In /etc/lighttpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf add:

server.modules += ( "mod_fastcgi" )

index-file.names += ( "index.php" ) 

fastcgi.server = (
    ".php" => (
      "localhost" => ( 
        "socket" => "/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock",
        "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
      ))
)

eAccelerator

Install eaccelerator^AUR from the AUR.

Add own config file for eaccelerator:

/etc/php/conf.d/eaccelerator-own.ini

zlib.output_compression = On
cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/home/phpuser/eaccelerator/cache"

Tip: I additionally set safe_mod to On in my setup, but this is not required.

Try a php page

Create the following php page, name it index.php, and place a copy in both /srv/http/ and /srv/http-ssl/html/

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

Try navigating with a web browser to both the http and https address of your server. You should see the phpinfo page.

Check eaccelerator caching:

# ls -l /home/phpuser/eaccelerator/cache

If the above command outputs the following:

-rw-------  1 phpuser phpuser 456 2005-05-05 14:53 eaccelerator-277.58081
-rw-------  1 phpuser phpuser 452 2005-05-05 14:53 eaccelerator-277.88081

Then eaccelerator is happily caching your php scripts to help speed things up.

Ruby on Rails

Install and configure FastCGI. (See #FastCGI above.)

Install ruby from [extra] and ruby-fcgi^AUR from AUR.

Follow instructions on RubyOnRails.

Python FastCGI

Install flup

# pacman -S python2-flup

Configure:

fastcgi.server = (
    ".py" =>
    (
        "python-fcgi" =>
        (
        "socket" => "/run/lighttpd/fastcgi.python.socket",
         "bin-path" => "test.py",
         "check-local" => "disable",
         "max-procs" => 1,
        )
    )
)

SSL

Generate an SSL Cert, e.g. like that:

# mkdir /etc/lighttpd/certs
# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 7300 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem -out /etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem
# chmod 600 /etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem

Edit /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf. To make lighttpd SSL-only (you probably need to set the server port to 443 as well)

ssl.engine = "enable" 
ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem"

To enable SSL in addition to normal HTTP

$SERVER["socket"] == ":443" {
    ssl.engine                  = "enable" 
    ssl.pemfile                 = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem" 
 }

If you want to serve different sites, you can change the document root inside the socket conditional:

$SERVER["socket"] == ":443" {
    server.document-root = "/srv/ssl" # use your ssl directory here
    ssl.engine                 = "enable"
    ssl.pemfile                = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem"  # use the path where you created your pem file
 }

or as alternative you can use the scheme conditional to distinguish between secure and normal requests.

$HTTP["scheme"] == "https" {
    server.document-root = "/srv/ssl" # use your ssl directory here
    ssl.engine                 = "enable"
    ssl.pemfile                = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.com.pem"  # use the path where you created your pem file
 }

Note that you cannot use the scheme conditional around ssl.engine above, since lighttpd needs to know on what port to enable SSL.

Server Name Indication

To use SNI with lighttpd, simply put additional ssl.pemfile configuration directives inside host conditionals. It seems a default ssl.pemfile is still required, though.

$HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
        ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.example.org.pem" 
    }

$HTTP["host"] == "mail.example.org" {
        ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/mail.example.org.pem" 
    }

Redirect HTTP requests to HTTPS

You should add "mod_redirect" in server.modules array in /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf:

server.modules              = (
                                     ...
                                "mod_redirect", 
                                     ...
)

$SERVER["socket"] == ":80" {
  $HTTP["host"] =~ "example.org" {
    url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "https://example.org/$1" )
    server.name                 = "example.org" 
  }
}

$SERVER["socket"] == ":443" {
  ssl.engine = "enable" 
  ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/ssl/server.pem" 
  server.document-root = "..." 
}

To redirect all hosts to their secure equivalents use the following in place of the socket 80 configuration above:

$SERVER["socket"] == ":80" {
  $HTTP["host"] =~ "(.*)" {
    url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "https://%1/$1" )
  }
}

To redirect all hosts for part of the site (e.g. secure or phpmyadmin):

$SERVER["socket"] == ":80" {
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/secure" {
    url.redirect = ( "^/(.*)" => "https://example.com/$1" )
  }
}

疑难解答

关于Lighttpd下载.php文件的情况

若Lighttpd仅仅是下载.php文件而不是去“初始化”它们，那么你可能没把下面的一些设置写入你的配置文件里/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf。

server.modules = (
                   "mod_fastcgi",
                 )

fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => ((
                     "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi", #depends where your php-cgi has been installed. Default here.
                     "socket" => "/tmp/php.socket",
                     "max-procs" => 2,
                     "bin-environment" => (
                       "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "16",
                       "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "10000"
                     ),
                     "bin-copy-environment" => (
                       "PATH", "SHELL", "USER"
                     ),
                     "broken-scriptfilename" => "enable"
                 )))

CCS样式列表无法正确显示

Lighttpd的默认设置是没有包括CSS的媒体类型的，所以标准的浏览器把text/CSS误以为text/html而混淆彼此，最终什么都没有正确的显示出来。要解决这个问题需要在CSS中增加一条说明。

mimetype.assign	= (
  ".html" => "text/html",
  ".txt" => "text/plain",
  ".jpg" => "image/jpeg",
  ".png" => "image/png",
  ".css" => "text/css"
)

换行不是必须的，仅仅为了可读性。

参见

Lighttpd wiki

Lighttpd (简体中文)

Contents

安装

设置

基本设置

FastCGI

PHP

Using php-fpm

eAccelerator

Try a php page

Ruby on Rails

Python FastCGI

SSL

Server Name Indication

Redirect HTTP requests to HTTPS

疑难解答

关于Lighttpd下载.php文件的情况

CCS样式列表无法正确显示

参见

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