Difference between revisions of "Netcfg (Español)"
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Revision as of 20:28, 20 October 2012
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Netcfg es usado para configurar y manejar las conexiones de red vía perfiles.Soporta varios tipos de conexión, como wireless, Ethernet, PPP. También es capaz de iniciar/detener conexiones muchas-a-una, esto es, múltiples conexiones dentro del mismo perfil, opcionalmente unidas. Además, es útil para los usuarios que buscan un medio sencillo y robusto de la gestión de múltiples configuraciones de red (por ejemplo, los usuarios de portátiles). Con la eliminación del soporte a initscripts/SysV, netcfg es una de las opciones disponibles para que los usuarios puedan gestionar la conectividad bajo systemd.
Contents
Preparation
In the simplest cases, users must at least know the name of their network interface(s) (e.g. eth0, wlan0). If configuring a static IP address, the IP addresses of the default gateway and name server(s) must also be known.
If connecting to a wireless network, have some basic information ready. For a wireless network this includes what type of security is used, the network name (ESSID), and any passphrase or encryption keys. Additionally, ensure the proper drivers and firmware are installed for the wireless device, as described in Wireless Setup.
Installation
The netcfg package is available in the official repositories. As of netcfg version 2.5.x, optional dependencies include wpa_actiond, which is required for automatic/roaming wireless connections, and ifplugd, which is required for automatic Ethernet configuration. See the announcement.
Users wanting Bash completion support for netcfg, install the bash-completion package from the official repositories.
Configuration
Network profiles are stored in /etc/network.d/. To minimize the potential for errors, copy an example configuration from /etc/network.d/examples/ to /etc/network.d/mynetwork. The file name is the name of the network profile, and mynetwork is used as an example throughout this article.
Depending on the connection type and security, use one of the following examples from /etc/network.d/examples/ as a base.
| Connection | Type | Example Profile | Information |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wired | Dynamic IP | ethernet-dhcp |
|
| Static IP | ethernet-static |
||
| Routed | ethernet-iproute |
Can be checked with route from the net-tools package.
| |
| Wireless | WPA-Personal | wireless-wpa |
Uses a passphrase/pre-shared key. |
| WPA-Enterprise | wireless-wpa-config |
The wpa_supplicant configuration is external. | |
wireless-wpa-configsection |
The wpa_supplicant configuration is stored as a string. |
Modify the new configuration file, /etc/network.d/mynetwork:
- Set
INTERFACEto the correct wireless or Ethernet interface. This can be checked withip linkandiwconfig. - Ensure the
ESSIDandKEY(passphrase) are set correctly for wireless connections. Typos in these fields are common errors.- Note that WEP string keys (not hex keys) must be specified with a leading
s:(e.g.KEY="s:somepasskey").
- Note that WEP string keys (not hex keys) must be specified with a leading
Manual Operation
To connect a profile:
# netcfg mynetwork
To disconnect a profile:
# netcfg down mynetwork
If successful, users can configure netcfg to connect automatically or during boot. If the connection fails, see Netcfg Troubleshooting for solutions and for how to ask for help.
Additionally, see:
$ netcfg help
Automatic Operation
Net-Profiles
Edit the NETWORKS array in /etc/conf.d/netcfg to refer to your network config file /etc/network.d/mynetwork.
/etc/conf.d/netcfg
NETWORKS=(mynetwork yournetwork)
Start the service on startup:
# systemctl enable netcfg.service
Alternatively, the profiles that were active at last shutdown can be restored by setting the NETWORKS array to last.
/etc/conf.d/netcfg
NETWORKS=(last)
Finally, net-profiles can be configured to display a menu – allowing users to choose a desired profile – by setting the contents of the NETWORKS array to menu:
/etc/conf.d/netcfg
NETWORKS=(menu)
Additionally, the dialog package is required.
Net-Auto-Wireless
This allows users to automatically connect to wireless networks with proper roaming support. To use this feature, the wpa_actiond package is required. Note that wireless-wpa-config profiles do not work with net-auto-wireless. Convert them to wireless-wpa-configsection instead.
Specify the desired wireless interface with the WIRELESS_INTERFACE variable in /etc/conf.d/netcfg or define a list of wireless networks that should be automatically connected with the AUTO_PROFILES variable in /etc/conf.d/netcfg.
Enable the net-auto-wireless.service so systemd manages it.
# systemctl enable net-auto-wireless.service
Net-Auto-Wired
This allows users to automatically connect to wired networks. To use this feature, the ifplugd package is required.
Specify the desired wired interface with the WIRED_INTERFACE variable in /etc/conf.d/netcfg.
Enable the net-auto-wired.service so systemd manages it.
# systemctl enable net-auto-wired.service
The daemon starts an ifplugd process which runs /etc/ifplugd/netcfg.action when the status of the wired interface changes (e.g. a cable is plugged in or unplugged). On plugging in a cable, attempts are made to start any profiles with CONNECTION = "ethernet" or "ethernet-iproute" and INTERFACE = WIRED_INTERFACE until one of them succeeds.