Difference between revisions of "OpenVPN"

Revision as of 10:10, 20 April 2013

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: (at least) add support for ipv6 and L2 ethernet bridging (Discuss in Talk:OpenVPN#)

This article describes a basic installation and configuration of OpenVPN, suitable for private and small business use. For more detailed information, please see the official OpenVPN 2.2 man page and the OpenVPN documentation.

OpenVPN is a robust and highly flexible VPN daemon. OpenVPN supports SSL/TLS security, ethernet bridging, TCP or UDP tunnel transport through proxies or NAT, support for dynamic IP addresses and DHCP, scalability to hundreds or thousands of users, and portability to most major OS platforms.

OpenVPN is tightly bound to the OpenSSL library, and derives much of its crypto capabilities from it.

OpenVPN supports conventional encryption using a pre-shared secret key (Static Key mode) or public key security (SSL/TLS mode) using client & server certificates. OpenVPN also supports non-encrypted TCP/UDP tunnels.

OpenVPN is designed to work with the TUN/TAP virtual networking interface that exists on most platforms.

Overall, OpenVPN aims to offer many of the key features of IPSec but with a relatively lightweight footprint.

OpenVPN was written by James Yonan and is published under the GNU General Public License (GPL).

1 Install OpenVPN
2 Configure the system for TUN/TAP support
3 Connect to a VPN provided by a third party
4 Create a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) from scratch
5 A basic L3 IP routing configuration
6 Starting OpenVPN
- 6.1 Manual startup
- 6.2 Systemd service configuration
7 Advanced L3 IP routing
8 L2 Ethernet bridging
9 Contributions that do not yet fit into the main article

Install OpenVPN

Install openvpn from the official repositories.

Note: The software contained in this package supports both server and client mode, so install it on all machines that need to create vpn connections.

Configure the system for TUN/TAP support

OpenVPN requires TUN/TAP support. Make sure to load at boot the tun module.

Read Kernel Modules for more information.

The default kernel is already properly configured, but if you use another kernel make sure to enable the TUN/TAP module. If $ zgrep CONFIG_TUN /proc/config.gz returns CONFIG_TUN=n, make the following change to the kernel config file and rebuild the kernel.

Kernel config file

 Device Drivers
  --> Network device support
    [M] Universal TUN/TAP device driver support

Connect to a VPN provided by a third party

To connect to a VPN provided by a third party, most of the following can most likely be ignored. Use the certificates and instructions given by your provider, for instance see: Airvpn.

Create a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) from scratch

If you are setting up OpenVPN from scratch, you will need to create a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).

Create the needed certificates and keys by following: Create a Public Key Infrastructure Using the easy-rsa Scripts.

The final step of the key creation process is to copy the files needed to the correct machines through a secure channel.

Note: The rest of this article assumes that the keys and certificates are placed in /etc/openvpn.

The public ca.crt certificate is needed on all servers and clients. The private ca.key key is secret and only needed on the key generating machine.

A server needs server.crt, and dh2048.pem (public), and server.key and ta.key (private).

A client needs client.crt (public), and client.key and ta.key (private).

A basic L3 IP routing configuration

Note: Unless otherwise explicitly stated, the rest of this article assumes this basic configuration.

OpenVPN is an extremely versatile piece of software and many configurations are possible, in fact machines can be both "servers" and "clients", blurring the distinction between server and client.

What really distinguishes a server from a client (apart from the type of certificate used) is the configuration file itself. The openvpn daemon startup script reads all the .conf configuration files it finds in /etc/openvpn on startup and acts accordingly. In fact if it finds more than one configuration file, it will start one OpenVPN processes per configuration file.

This article explains how to setup a server called elmer, and a client that connects to it called bugs. More servers and clients can easily be added, by creating more key/certificate pairs and adding more server and client configuration files.

The OpenVPN package comes with a collection of example configuration files for different purposes. The sample server and client configuration files make an ideal starting point for a basic OpenVPN setup with the following features:

Uses Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for authentication.
Creates a VPN using a virtual TUN network interface (OSI L3 IP routing).
Listens for client connections on UDP port 1194 (OpenVPN's official IANA port number).
Distributes virtual addresses to connecting clients from the 10.8.0.0/24 subnet.

For more advanced configurations, please see the official OpenVPN 2.2 man page and the OpenVPN documentation.

The server configuration file

Copy the example server configuration file to /etc/openvpn/server.conf

# cp /usr/share/openvpn/examples/server.conf /etc/openvpn/server.conf

Edit the following:

The ca, cert, key, and dh parameters to reflect the path and names of the keys and certificates. Specifying the paths will allow you to run the OpenVPN executable from any directory for testing purposes.
Enable the SSL/TLS HMAC handshake protection. Note the use of the parameter 0 for a server.
It is recommended to run OpenVPN with reduced privileges once it has initialized, do this by uncommenting the user and group directives.

/etc/openvpn/server.conf

ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/elmer.crt
key /etc/openvpn/elmer.key

dh /etc/openvpn/dh2048.pem
.
.
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key 0
.
.
user nobody
group nobody

Note: Note that if the server is behind a firewall or a NAT translating router, you will have to forward the OpenVPN UDP port (1194) to the server.

The client configuration file

Copy the example client configuration file to /etc/openvpn/client.conf

# cp /usr/share/openvpn/examples/client.conf /etc/openvpn/client.conf

Edit the following:

The remote directive to reflect either the server's Fully Qualified Domain Name hostname (as known to the client) or its IP address.
Uncomment the user and group directives to drop privileges.
The ca, cert, and key parameters to reflect the path and names of the keys and certificates.
Enable the SSL/TLS HMAC handshake protection. Note the use of the parameter 1 for a client.

/etc/openvpn/client.conf

remote elmer.acmecorp.org 1194
.
.
user nobody
group nobody
.
.
ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/bugs.crt
key /etc/openvpn/bugs.key
.
.
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key 1

Testing the OpenVPN configuration

Run # openvpn /etc/openvpn/server.conf on the server, and # openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.conf on the client. You should see something similar to this:

# openvpn /etc/openvpn/server.conf

Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [eurephia] built on Aug 13 2011
Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables
Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 Diffie-Hellman initialized with 2048 bit key
.
.
Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 bugs/95.126.136.73:48904 MULTI: primary virtual IP for bugs/95.126.136.73:48904: 10.8.0.6
Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 bugs/95.126.136.73:48904 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST'
Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 bugs/95.126.136.73:48904 SENT CONTROL [bugs]: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5' (status=1)

# openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.conf

Wed Dec 28 14:41:50 2011 OpenVPN 2.2.1 i686-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [eurephia] built on Aug 13 2011
Wed Dec 28 14:41:50 2011 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables
Wed Dec 28 14:41:50 2011 LZO compression initialized
.
.
Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 GID set to nobody
Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 UID set to nobody
Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 Initialization Sequence Completed

On the server, find the IP assigned to the tunX device:

# ip addr show

.
.
40: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100
    link/none
    inet 10.8.0.1 peer 10.8.0.2/32 scope global tun0

Here we see that the server end of the tunnel has been given the IP address 10.8.0.1.

Do the same on the client:

# ip addr show

.
.
37: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100
    link/none
    inet 10.8.0.6 peer 10.8.0.5/32 scope global tun0

And the client side has been given the IP 10.8.0.6.

Now try pinging the interfaces.

On the server:

# ping -c3 10.8.0.6

PING 10.8.0.6 (10.8.0.6) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=238 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=237 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=205 ms

--- 10.8.0.6 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 205.862/227.266/238.788/15.160 ms

On the client:

# ping -c3 10.8.0.1

PING 10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=158 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=158 ms
64 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=157 ms

--- 10.8.0.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 157.426/158.278/158.940/0.711 ms

You now have a working OpenVPN installation, and your client (bugs) will be able to use services on the server (elmer), and vice versa.

Note: If using a firewall, make sure that ip packets on the TUN device are not blocked.

Configure the MTU with Fragment and MSS

Note: If you do not configure MTU then you will notice that small packets like ping and DNS will work, however web browsing will not work.

Now it is time to configure the maximum segment size (MSS). In order to do this we need to discover what is the smallest MTU along the path between the client and server. In order to do this you can ping the server and disable fragmentation. Then specify the max packetsize.

# ping -c5 -M do -s 1500 elmer.acmecorp.org

PING elmer.acmecorp.org (99.88.77.66) 1500(1528) bytes of data.
From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)

--- core.myrelay.net ping statistics ---
0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +5 errors

We received an ICMP message telling us the MTU is 576 bytes. The means we need to fragment the UDP packets smaller then 576 bytes to allow for some UDP overhead.

# ping -c5 -M do -s 548 elmer.acmecorp.org

PING elmer.acmecorp.org (99.88.77.66) 548(576) bytes of data.
556 bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=206 ms
556 bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=2 ttl=48 time=224 ms
556 bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=3 ttl=48 time=206 ms
556 bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=4 ttl=48 time=207 ms
556 bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=5 ttl=48 time=208 ms

--- myrelay.net ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 206.027/210.603/224.158/6.832 ms

After some trial and error..., we discover that we need to fragment packets on 548 bytes. In order to do this we specify this fragment size in the configuration and instruct OpenVPN to fix the Maximum Segment Size (MSS).

/etc/openvpn/client.conf

remote elmer.acmecorp.org 1194
.
.
fragment 548
mssfix
.
.
user nobody
group nobody
.
.
ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/bugs.crt
key /etc/openvpn/bugs.key
.
.
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key 1

Note: This will add about 3min's to OpenVPN start time. It is advisable to configure the fragment size unless your client is a laptop that will be connecting over many different networks and the bottle neck is on the client side.

You can also allow OpenVPN to do this for you by having OpenVPN do the ping testing every time the client connects to the VPN.

/etc/openvpn/client.conf

remote elmer.acmecorp.org 1194
.
.
mtu-test
.
.
user nobody
group nobody
.
.
ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/bugs.crt
key /etc/openvpn/bugs.key
.
.
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key 1

Starting OpenVPN

Manual startup

To troubleshoot a vpn connection, start the daemon manually with: # openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.conf.

Systemd service configuration

To start openvpn automatically at system boot, enable openvpn@<configuration>.service.

For example, if the configuration file is /etc/openvpn/client.conf, the service name is openvpn@client.service.

Advanced L3 IP routing

Prerequisites for routing a LAN

IPv4 forwarding

For a host to be able to forward IPv4 packets between the LAN and VPN, it must be able to forward the packets between its NIC and its tun/tap device.

Edit etc/sysctl.conf to permanently enable ipv4 packet forwarding (takes effect at the next boot):

/etc/sysctl.conf

# Enable packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

To temporarily enable without rebooting: # echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Promiscuous LAN interface

The forwarding host's NIC (eth0 in the following examples) must also be able to accept packets for a different IP address than it is configured for, something known as promiscious mode. To enable, add the following to /etc/rc.local (takes effect at the next boot):

/etc/rc.local

ip link set dev eth0 promisc on

To temporarily enable without rebooting: # ip link set dev eth0 promisc on

To set the eth0 in promiscuous mode using systemd use this service file and enable it using:

 # systemctl enable promiscuous@eth0.service

Routing tables

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: Investigate if a routing protocol like RIP, QUAGGA, BIRD, etc can be used (Discuss in Talk:OpenVPN#)

By default, all IP packets on a LAN addressed to a different subnet get sent to the default gateway. If the LAN/VPN gateway is also the default gateway, there is no problem and the packets get properly forwarded. If not, the gateway has no way of knowing where to send the packets. There are a couple of solutions to this problem.

Add a static route to the default gateway routing the VPN subnet to the LAN/VPN gateway's IP address.
Add a static route on each host on the LAN that needs to send IP packets back to the VPN.
Use iptables' NAT feature on the LAN/VPN gateway to masquerade the incoming VPN IP packets.

Connect the server LAN to a client

The server is on a LAN using the 10.66.0.0/24 subnet. To inform the client about the available subnet, add a push directive to the server configuration file:

/etc/openvpn/server.conf

push "route 10.66.0.0 255.255.255.0"

Note: Remember to enable ipv4 forwarding and to make the LAN interface promiscuous on the server. Make sure the server LAN knows how to reach the VPN client.

Note: To route more LANs from the server to the client, add more push directives to the server configuration file, but keep in mind that the server side LANs will need to know how to route to the client.

Connect the client LAN to a server

Prerequisites:

Any subnets used on the client side, must be unique and not in use on the server or by any other client. In this example we will use 192.168.4.0/24 for the clients LAN.
Each client's certificate has a unique Common Name, in this case bugs.
The server may not use the duplicate-cn directive in its config file.

Create a client configuration directory on the server. It will be searched for a file named the same as the client's common name, and the directives will be applied to the client when it connects.

# mkdir -p /etc/openvpn/ccd

Create a file in the client configuration directory called bugs, containing the iroute 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 directive. It tells the server what subnet should be routed to the client:

/etc/openvpn/ccd/bugs

iroute 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0

Add the client-config-dir and the route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 directive to the server configuration file. It tells the server what subnet should be routed from the tun device to the server LAN:

/etc/openvpn/server.conf

client-config-dir ccd
route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0

Note: Remember to enable ipv4 forwarding and to make the LAN interface promiscuous on the client. Make sure the client LAN knows how to reach the VPN server.

Note: To route more LANs from the client to the server, add more iroute and route directives to the appropriate configuration files, but keep in mind that the client side LANs will need to know how to route to the server.

Connect both the client and server LANs

Combine the two previous sections:

/etc/openvpn/server.conf

push "route 10.66.0.0 255.255.255.0"
.
.
client-config-dir ccd
route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0

/etc/openvpn/ccd/bugs

iroute 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0

Note: Remember to enable ipv4 forwarding and to make the LAN interfaces promiscuous on both the client and the server. Make sure that all the LANs or the needed hosts can route to all the destinations.

Connect clients and client LANs

By default clients will not see each other, to allow ip packets to flow between clients and/or client LANs add a client-to-client directive to the server configuration file:

/etc/openvpn/server.conf

client-to-client

In order for another client or client LAN to see a specific client LAN you will need to add a push directive for each client subnet to the server configuration file (this will make the server announce the available subnet(s) to other clients):

/etc/openvpn/server.conf

client-to-client
push "route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0"
push "route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0"
.
.

Note: As always, make sure that the routing is properly configured.

L2 Ethernet bridging

This article or section needs expansion.

Reason: Please add a well thought out section on L2 bridging. (Discuss in Talk:OpenVPN#)

For now see: OpenVPN Bridge

Contributions that do not yet fit into the main article

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: Not quite sure where this fits into the main article yet (Discuss in Talk:OpenVPN#)

Routing client traffic through the server

Append the following to your server's openvpn.conf configuration file:

push "redirect-gateway def1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.1.1"

Change "192.168.1.1" to your preferred DNS IP address.

If you have problems with non responsive DNS after connecting to server, install BIND as simple DNS forwarder and push openvpn ip address of server as DNS to clients.

Configure ufw for routing

Configure your ufw settings to enable routing traffic from clients through server.

You must change default forward policy, edit /etc/sysctl.conf to permanently enable ipv4 packet forwarding. Takes effect at the next boot.

/etc/sysctl.conf

# Enable packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

And then configure ufw in /etc/default/ufw

/etc/default/ufw

DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"

Now change /etc/ufw/before.rules, and add the following code after the header and before the "*filter" line. Don't forget to change the IP/subnet mask to match the one in /etc/openvpn/server.conf.

/etc/ufw/before.rules

# NAT (Network Address Translation) table rules
*nat
:POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]

# Allow traffic from clients to eth0
-A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/8 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

# don't delete the "COMMIT" line or the NAT table rules above won't be processed
COMMIT

Open openvpn port 1194

ufw allow 1194

Using iptables

Use an iptable for NAT forwarding:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

If running ArchLinux in a OpenVZ VPS environment [1]:

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j SNAT --to (venet0 ip)

If all is well, make the changes permanent:

Edit /etc/conf.d/iptables and change IPTABLES_FORWARD=1

/etc/rc.d/iptables save

Configuring LDAP authorization

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: what does the following do, and is the package still supported? (Discuss in Talk:OpenVPN#)

You may also want to install openvpn-authldap-plugin^AUR, available in the Arch User Repository.

Deprecated older wiki content

The factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed.

Reason: See how this older content can be fitted into the new article (Discuss in Talk:OpenVPN#)

Using PAM and passwords to authenticate

port 1194
proto udp
mtu-test
dev tap
ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/<MYSERVER>.crt
key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/<MYSERVER>.key
dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh2048.pem
server 192.168.56.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
;learn-address ./script
client-to-client
;duplicate-cn
keepalive 10 120
;tls-auth ta.key 0
comp-lzo
;max-clients 100
;user nobody
;group nobody
persist-key
persist-tun
status /var/log/openvpn-status.log
verb 3
client-cert-not-required
username-as-common-name
plugin /usr/lib/openvpn/openvpn-auth-pam.so login

Using certs to authenticate

port 1194
proto tcp
dev tun0

ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/<MYSERVER>.crt
key /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/<MYSERVER>.key
dh /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/dh2048.pem

server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
user nobody
group nobody
persist-key
persist-tun
status /var/log/openvpn-status.log
verb 3

log-append /var/log/openvpn
status /tmp/vpn.status 10

Routing traffic through the server

Append the following to your server's openvpn.conf configuration file:

push "dhcp-option DNS 192.168.1.1"
push "redirect-gateway def1"

Change "192.168.1.1" to your external DNS IP address.

Use an iptable for NAT forwarding:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

If running ArchLinux in a OpenVZ VPS environment [2]:

iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o venet0 -j SNAT --to (venet0 ip)

If all is well, make the changes permanent:

Edit /etc/conf.d/iptables and change IPTABLES_FORWARD=1

/etc/rc.d/iptables save

Setting up the Client

The clientside .conf file

With password authentication

client
dev tap
proto udp
mtu-test
remote <address> 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-tun
comp-lzo
verb 3
auth-user-pass passwd
ca ca.crt

passwd file (referenced by auth-user-pass) must contain two lines:

first line - username
second - password

Certs authentication

client
remote <MYSERVER> 1194
dev tun0
proto tcp
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-key
persist-tun
verb 2
ca ca.crt
cert client1.crt
key client1.key
comp-lzo

Copy three files from server to remote computer.

ca.crt
client1.crt
client1.key

Install the tunnel/tap module:

 # sudo modprobe tun

To have the tun module loaded automatically at boot time add it to the Modules line in /etc/rc.conf

DNS

The DNS servers used by the system are defined in /etc/resolv.conf. Traditionally, this file is the responsibility of whichever program deals with connecting the system to the network (e.g. Wicd, NetworkManager, etc...) However, OpenVPN will need to modify this file if you want to be able to resolve names on the remote side. To achieve this in a sensible way, install openresolv, which makes it possible for more than one program to modify resolv.conf without stepping on each-other's toes. Before continuing, test openresolv by restarting your network connection and ensuring that resolv.conf states that it was generated by "resolvconf", and that your DNS resolution still works as before. You should not need to configure openresolv; it should be automatically detected and used by your network system.

Next, save the following script at /usr/share/openvpn/update-resolv-conf:

#!/bin/bash
#
# Parses DHCP options from openvpn to update resolv.conf
# To use set as 'up' and 'down' script in your openvpn *.conf:
# up /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
# down /etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
#
# Used snippets of resolvconf script by Thomas Hood <jdthood@yahoo.co.uk>
# and Chris Hanson
# Licensed under the GNU GPL.  See /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL.
#
# 05/2006 chlauber@bnc.ch
#
# Example envs set from openvpn:
# foreign_option_1='dhcp-option DNS 193.43.27.132'
# foreign_option_2='dhcp-option DNS 193.43.27.133'
# foreign_option_3='dhcp-option DOMAIN be.bnc.ch'

[ -x /usr/sbin/resolvconf ] || exit 0

case $script_type in

up)
   for optionname in ${!foreign_option_*} ; do
      option="${!optionname}"
      echo $option
      part1=$(echo "$option" | cut -d " " -f 1)
      if [ "$part1" == "dhcp-option" ] ; then
         part2=$(echo "$option" | cut -d " " -f 2)
         part3=$(echo "$option" | cut -d " " -f 3)
         if [ "$part2" == "DNS" ] ; then
            IF_DNS_NAMESERVERS="$IF_DNS_NAMESERVERS $part3"
         fi
         if [ "$part2" == "DOMAIN" ] ; then
            IF_DNS_SEARCH="$IF_DNS_SEARCH $part3"
         fi
      fi
   done
   R=""
   if [ "$IF_DNS_SEARCH" ] ; then
           R="${R}search $IF_DNS_SEARCH
"
   fi
   for NS in $IF_DNS_NAMESERVERS ; do
           R="${R}nameserver $NS
"
   done
   echo -n "$R" | /usr/sbin/resolvconf -a "${dev}.inet"
   ;;
down)
   /usr/sbin/resolvconf -d "${dev}.inet"
   ;;
esac

Remember to make the file executable with:

 $ chmod +x /usr/share/openvpn/update-resolv-conf

Next, add the following lines to your OpenVPN client configuration file:

script-security 2
up /usr/share/openvpn/update-resolv-conf
down /usr/share/openvpn/update-resolv-conf

Now, when your launch your OpenVPN connection, you should find that your resolv.conf file is updated accordingly, and also returns to normal when your close the connection.

Webmin

webmin-plugin-openvpn^AUR is available in the AUR.

Note: You must add "openvpn" to the end of /etc/webmin/webmin.acl.

Connecting to the Server

You need to start the service on the server

/etc/rc.d/openvpn start

You can add it to rc.conf to make it permanent.

On the client, in the home directory create a folder that will hold your OpenVPN client config files along with the .crt/.key files. Assuming your OpenVPN config folder is called .openvpn and your client config file is vpn1.conf, to connect to the server issue the following command:

cd ~/.openvpn && sudo openvpn vpn1.conf

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[Category:Virtual Private Network]]
+[[de:OpenVPN]]
 [[zh-CN:OpenVPN]]
 {{Expansion|(at least) add support for ipv6 and L2 ethernet bridging}}
@@ Line 24: / Line 25: @@
 ==Configure the system for TUN/TAP support==
-OpenVPN requires TUN/TAP support. Make sure to load the TUN module.
+OpenVPN requires TUN/TAP support. Make sure to load at boot the {{ic|tun}} module.
-{{hc|/etc/modules-load.d/tun.conf|<nowiki>
+Read [[Kernel Modules]] for more information.
-# Load tun.ko at boot
-tun</nowiki>}}
+The default kernel is already properly configured, but if you use another kernel make sure to enable the TUN/TAP module.  If {{ic|$ zgrep CONFIG_TUN /proc/config.gz}} returns {{ic|<nowiki>CONFIG_TUN=n</nowiki>}}, make the following change to the kernel config file and rebuild the kernel.
+{{hc|Kernel config file|
+ Device Drivers
+  --> Network device support
+    [M] Universal TUN/TAP device driver support}}
 ==Connect to a VPN provided by a third party==
@@ Line 106: / Line 112: @@
 Edit the following:
-* The remote directive to reflect the server's [[Wikipedia:Fully qualified domain name|Fully Qualified Domain Name]],  hostname (as known to the client) or IP address.
+* The remote directive to reflect either the server's [[Wikipedia:Fully qualified domain name|Fully Qualified Domain Name]] hostname (as known to the client) or its IP address.
 * Uncomment the user and group directives to drop privileges.
 * The ca, cert, and key parameters to reflect the path and names of the keys and certificates.
@@ Line 135: / Line 141: @@
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 Diffie-Hellman initialized with 2048 bit key
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 TLS-Auth MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ]
+.
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 Socket Buffers: R=[126976->131072] S=[126976->131072]
+.
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 ROUTE default_gateway=10.66.0.1
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 /usr/sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 /usr/sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 local 10.8.0.1 peer 10.8.0.2
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 /usr/sbin/ip route add 10.8.0.0/24 via 10.8.0.2
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ]
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 GID set to nobody
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 UID set to nobody
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 UDPv4 link local (bound): [undef]:1194
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 UDPv4 link remote: [undef]
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 MULTI: multi_init called, r=256 v=256
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 IFCONFIG POOL: base=10.8.0.4 size=62
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 IFCONFIG POOL LIST
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:26 2011 Initialization Sequence Completed
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 MULTI: multi_create_instance called
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Re-using SSL/TLS context
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 LZO compression initialized
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ]
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ]
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded'
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919'
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 TLS: Initial packet from 95.126.136.73:48904, sid=163f4a5e e0399137
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:53 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=Acme Acres/O=Acme/CN=Acme-CA/name=Acme-CA/emailAddress=roadrunner@acmecorp.org
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:53 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=Acme Acres/O=Acme/CN=bugs/name=Acme-CA/emailAddress=roadrunner@acmecorp.org
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 2048 bit RSA
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 95.126.136.73:48904 [bugs] Peer Connection Initiated with 95.126.136.73:48904
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 bugs/95.126.136.73:48904 MULTI: Learn: 10.8.0.6 -> bugs/95.126.136.73:48904
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 bugs/95.126.136.73:48904 MULTI: primary virtual IP for bugs/95.126.136.73:48904: 10.8.0.6
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 bugs/95.126.136.73:48904 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REQUEST'
@@ Line 178: / Line 152: @@
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:50 2011 NOTE: OpenVPN 2.1 requires '--script-security 2' or higher to call user-defined scripts or executables
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:50 2011 LZO compression initialized
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:50 2011 Control Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:138 EF:38 EB:0 ET:0 EL:0 ]
+.
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:50 2011 Socket Buffers: R=[114688->131072] S=[114688->131072]
+.
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 Data Channel MTU parms [ L:1542 D:1450 EF:42 EB:135 ET:0 EL:0 AF:3/1 ]
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 Local Options hash (VER=V4): '41690919'
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 Expected Remote Options hash (VER=V4): '530fdded'
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 NOTE: UID/GID downgrade will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 UDPv4 link local: [undef]
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 UDPv4 link remote: 85.93.204.250:1194
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:51 2011 TLS: Initial packet from 85.93.204.250:1194, sid=5f379f35 50c9ab11
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:52 2011 VERIFY OK: depth=1, /C=US/ST=CA/L=Acme Acres/O=Acme/CN=Acme-CA/name=Acme-CA/emailAddress=roadrunner@acmecorp.org
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:52 2011 VERIFY OK: nsCertType=SERVER
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:52 2011 VERIFY OK: depth=0, /C=US/ST=CA/L=Acme Acres/O=Acme/CN=elmer/name=Acme-CA/emailAddress=roadrunner@acmecorp.org
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 Data Channel Encrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 Data Channel Encrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 Data Channel Decrypt: Cipher 'BF-CBC' initialized with 128 bit key
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 Data Channel Decrypt: Using 160 bit message hash 'SHA1' for HMAC authentication
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 Control Channel: TLSv1, cipher TLSv1/SSLv3 DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA, 2048 bit RSA
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:54 2011 [elmer] Peer Connection Initiated with 85.93.204.250:1194
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 SENT CONTROL [elmer]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1)
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,route 10.8.0.1,topology net30,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.6 10.8.0.5'
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 ROUTE default_gateway=10.64.64.64
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 TUN/TAP device tun1 opened
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 /usr/sbin/ip link set dev tun1 up mtu 1500
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 /usr/sbin/ip addr add dev tun1 local 10.8.0.6 peer 10.8.0.5
-Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 /usr/sbin/ip route add 10.8.0.1/32 via 10.8.0.5
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 GID set to nobody
 Wed Dec 28 14:41:57 2011 UID set to nobody
@@ Line 215: / Line 162: @@
 {{hc|# ip addr show|<nowiki>
-.
 .
 .
@@ Line 229: / Line 175: @@
 .
 .
-.
+: tun0: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100
-: tun1: <POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 100
      link/none
-     inet 10.8.0.6 peer 10.8.0.5/32 scope global tun1</nowiki>}}
+     inet 10.8.0.6 peer 10.8.0.5/32 scope global tun0</nowiki>}}
 And the client side has been given the IP 10.8.0.6.
@@ Line 240: / Line 185: @@
 On the server:
-{{hc|# ping 10.8.0.6|<nowiki>
+{{hc|# ping -c3 10.8.0.6|<nowiki>
 PING 10.8.0.6 (10.8.0.6) 56(84) bytes of data.
 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=238 ms
 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=237 ms
 bytes from 10.8.0.6: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=205 ms
-^C
 --- 10.8.0.6 ping statistics ---
 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2002ms
@@ Line 253: / Line 198: @@
 On the client:
-{{hc|# ping 10.8.0.1|<nowiki>
+{{hc|# ping -c3 10.8.0.1|<nowiki>
 PING 10.8.0.1 (10.8.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_req=1 ttl=64 time=158 ms
 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_req=2 ttl=64 time=158 ms
 bytes from 10.8.0.1: icmp_req=3 ttl=64 time=157 ms
-^C
 --- 10.8.0.1 ping statistics ---
 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms
@@ Line 265: / Line 210: @@
 You now have a working OpenVPN installation, and your client (bugs) will be able to use services on the server (elmer), and vice versa.
+{{Note|If using a firewall, make sure that ip packets on the TUN device are not blocked.}}
+===Configure the MTU with Fragment and MSS===
+{{Note|If you do not configure MTU then you will notice that small packets like ping and DNS will work, however web browsing will not work.}}
+Now it is time to configure the maximum segment size (MSS). In order to do this we need to discover what is the smallest MTU along the path between the client and server. In order to do this you can ping the server and disable fragmentation. Then specify the max packetsize.
+{{hc|# ping -c5 -M do -s 1500 elmer.acmecorp.org|<nowiki>
+PING elmer.acmecorp.org (99.88.77.66) 1500(1528) bytes of data.
+From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
+From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
+From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
+From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
+From 1.2.3.4 (99.88.77.66) icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 576)
+--- core.myrelay.net ping statistics ---
+packets transmitted, 0 received, +5 errors
+</nowiki>}}
+We received an ICMP message telling us the MTU is 576 bytes. The means we need to fragment the UDP packets smaller then 576 bytes to allow for some UDP overhead.
+{{hc|# ping -c5 -M do -s 548 elmer.acmecorp.org|<nowiki>
+PING elmer.acmecorp.org (99.88.77.66) 548(576) bytes of data.
+bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=1 ttl=48 time=206 ms
+bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=2 ttl=48 time=224 ms
+bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=3 ttl=48 time=206 ms
+bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=4 ttl=48 time=207 ms
+bytes from 99.88.77.66: icmp_seq=5 ttl=48 time=208 ms
+--- myrelay.net ping statistics ---
+packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4001ms
+rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 206.027/210.603/224.158/6.832 ms
+</nowiki>}}
+After some trial and error..., we discover that we need to fragment packets on 548 bytes. In order to do this we specify this fragment size in the configuration and instruct OpenVPN to fix the Maximum Segment Size (MSS).
+{{hc|/etc/openvpn/client.conf|
+remote elmer.acmecorp.org 1194
+.
+.
+fragment 548
+mssfix
+.
+.
+user nobody
+group nobody
+.
+.
+ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
+cert /etc/openvpn/bugs.crt
+key /etc/openvpn/bugs.key
+.
+.
+tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key '''1'''
+}}
+{{Note|This will add about 3min's to OpenVPN start time. It is advisable to configure the fragment size unless your client is a laptop that will be connecting over many different networks and the bottle neck is on the client side.}}
+You can also allow OpenVPN to do this for you by having OpenVPN do the ping testing every time the client connects to the VPN.
+{{hc|/etc/openvpn/client.conf|
+remote elmer.acmecorp.org 1194
+.
+.
+mtu-test
+.
+.
+user nobody
+group nobody
+.
+.
+ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
+cert /etc/openvpn/bugs.crt
+key /etc/openvpn/bugs.key
+.
+.
+tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key '''1'''
+}}
 ==Starting OpenVPN==
-To manually start OpenVPN (both server and client), run:
-{{bc|# rc.d start openvpn}}
+===Manual startup===
-To have your system run OpenVPN automatically at system start, add openvpn to the daemon array in /etc/rc.conf.
+To troubleshoot a vpn connection, start the daemon manually with: {{ic|# openvpn /etc/openvpn/client.conf}}.
 === Systemd service configuration ===
-Create a template service file for [[Systemd]]:
-{{hc|/etc/systemd/system/openvpn@.service|<nowiki>
-[Unit]
-Description=Openvpn Service %I
-Requires=network.target
-After=network.target
-[Service]
+To start openvpn automatically at system boot, [[Daemon|enable]] {{ic|openvpn@''<configuration>''.service}}.
-Type=simple
-ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p "/var/run/openvpn/%I"
+For example, if the configuration file is {{ic|/etc/openvpn/client.conf}}, the service name is {{ic|openvpn@client.service}}.
-ExecStart=/usr/sbin/openvpn --user openvpn --group openvpn --chroot /var/run/openvpn --config "/etc/openvpn/%I.conf"
-ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID</nowiki>}}
-Then symlink it, while including the OpenVPN configuration profile name. For example:
-{{bc|# ln -s /usr/lib/systemd/system/openvpn@.service /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openvpn@client.service}}
-After that, reload your systemd manager configuration:
-{{bc|# systemctl daemon-reload}}
-Now you can start the OpenVPN daemon and enable it permanentely:
-{{bc|# systemctl enable openvpn@client.service
-# systemctl start openvpn@client.service}}
 ==Advanced L3 IP routing==
@@ Line 311: / Line 320: @@
 To temporarily enable without rebooting: {{ic|# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward}}
-====Promiscious LAN inteface====
+====Promiscuous LAN interface====
 The forwarding host's NIC (eth0 in the following examples) must also be able to accept packets for a different IP address than it is configured for, something known as [[Wikipedia:Promiscuous_mode|promiscious mode]]. To enable, add the following to {{ic|/etc/rc.local}} (takes effect at the next boot):
@@ Line 318: / Line 327: @@
 To temporarily enable without rebooting: {{ic|# ip link set dev eth0 promisc on}}
+To set the {{ic|eth0}} in promiscuous mode using systemd use [[ Systemd/Services#Set_network_interface_in_promiscuous_mode | this service file ]] and enable it using:
+  # systemctl enable promiscuous@eth0.service
 ====Routing tables====
@@ Line 329: / Line 342: @@
 * Use [[iptables]]' NAT feature on the LAN/VPN gateway to masquerade the incoming VPN IP packets.
-===Route a server side LAN to a client===
+===Connect the server LAN to a client===
 The server is on a LAN using the 10.66.0.0/24 subnet.  To inform the client about the available subnet, add a push directive to the server configuration file:{{hc|/etc/openvpn/server.conf|push "route 10.66.0.0 255.255.255.0"}}
@@ Line 337: / Line 350: @@
 {{Note|To route more LANs from the server to the client, add more push directives to the server configuration file, but keep in mind that the server side LANs will need to know how to route to the client.}}
-===Route a client side LAN to a server===
+===Connect the client LAN to a server===
 Prerequisites:
@@ Line 362: / Line 375: @@
 {{Note|Remember to enable ipv4 forwarding and to make the LAN interface promiscuous on the client. Make sure the client LAN knows how to reach the VPN server.}}
-{{Note| To route more LANs from the client to the server, add more iroute and route directives to the appropriate configuration files, but keep in mind that the client side LANs will need to know how to route to the server.}}
+{{Note|To route more LANs from the client to the server, add more iroute and route directives to the appropriate configuration files, but keep in mind that the client side LANs will need to know how to route to the server.}}
+===Connect both the client and server LANs===
+Combine the two previous sections:
+{{hc|/etc/openvpn/server.conf|
+push "route 10.66.0.0 255.255.255.0"
+.
+.
+client-config-dir ccd
+route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0
+}}
+{{hc|/etc/openvpn/ccd/bugs|iroute 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0}}
+{{Note|Remember to enable ipv4 forwarding and to make the LAN interfaces promiscuous on both the client and the server. Make sure that all the LANs or the needed hosts can route to all the destinations.}}
+===Connect clients and client LANs===
+By default clients will not see each other, to allow ip packets to flow between clients and/or client LANs add a client-to-client directive to the server configuration file: {{hc|/etc/openvpn/server.conf|client-to-client}}
+In order for another client or client LAN to see a specific client LAN you will need to add a push directive for each client subnet to the server configuration file (this will make the server announce the available subnet(s) to other clients):
+{{hc|/etc/openvpn/server.conf|
+client-to-client
+push "route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0"
+push "route 192.168.5.0 255.255.255.0"
+.
+.
+}}
+{{Note|As always, make sure that the routing is properly configured.}}
 ==L2 Ethernet bridging==
@@ Line 397: / Line 444: @@
 {{hc|/etc/default/ufw|<nowiki>
-DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY=”ACCEPT”
+DEFAULT_FORWARD_POLICY="ACCEPT"
 </nowiki>}}
-Now change '''/etc/ufw/before.rules''', add following code after header and before *filter line, don't forget to change ip range to yours
+Now change '''/etc/ufw/before.rules''', and add the following code after the header and before the "*filter" line. Don't forget to change the IP/subnet mask to match the one in '''/etc/openvpn/server.conf'''.
 {{hc|/etc/ufw/before.rules|<nowiki>
-# nat Table rules
+# NAT (Network Address Translation) table rules
 *nat
 :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [0:0]
 # Allow traffic from clients to eth0
--A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
+-A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/8 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
-# don.t delete the .COMMIT. line or these nat table rules won.t be processed
+# don't delete the "COMMIT" line or the NAT table rules above won't be processed
 COMMIT
 </nowiki>}}
@@ Line 420: / Line 467: @@
 }}
-====usage of iptables====
+====Using iptables====
 Use an iptable for NAT forwarding:
@@ Line 435: / Line 482: @@
 If all is well, make the changes permanent:
-Edit /etc/conf.d/iptables and change IPTABLES_FORWARD=1
+Edit '''/etc/conf.d/iptables''' and change IPTABLES_FORWARD=1
 {{bc|
@@ Line 455: / Line 502: @@
 port 1194
 proto udp
+mtu-test
 dev tap
 ca /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/keys/ca.crt
@@ Line 541: / Line 589: @@
 dev tap
 proto udp
+mtu-test
 remote <address> 1194
 resolv-retry infinite
@@ Line 622: / Line 671: @@
           fi
           if [ "$part2" == "DOMAIN" ] ; then
-             IF_DNS_SEARCH="$part3"
+             IF_DNS_SEARCH="$IF_DNS_SEARCH $part3"
           fi
        fi
@@ Line 653: / Line 702: @@
 Now, when your launch your OpenVPN connection, you should find that your resolv.conf file is updated accordingly, and also returns to normal when your close the connection.
+=====Webmin=====
+{{AUR|webmin-plugin-openvpn}} is available in the [[AUR]].
+{{Note|You must add "openvpn" to the end of /etc/webmin/webmin.acl.}}
 ====Connecting to the Server====
@@ Line 659: / Line 713: @@
 /etc/rc.d/openvpn start
 }}
-You can add it to rc.conf to make it permanet.
+You can add it to rc.conf to make it permanent.
 On the client, in the home directory create a folder that will hold your OpenVPN client config files along with the '''.crt'''/'''.key''' files. Assuming your OpenVPN config folder is called '''.openvpn''' and your client config file is '''vpn1.conf''', to connect to the server issue the following command:

Difference between revisions of "OpenVPN"

Revision as of 10:10, 20 April 2013

Contents

Install OpenVPN

Configure the system for TUN/TAP support

Connect to a VPN provided by a third party

Create a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) from scratch

A basic L3 IP routing configuration

The server configuration file

The client configuration file

Testing the OpenVPN configuration

Configure the MTU with Fragment and MSS

Starting OpenVPN

Manual startup

Systemd service configuration

Advanced L3 IP routing

Prerequisites for routing a LAN

IPv4 forwarding

Promiscuous LAN interface

Routing tables

Connect the server LAN to a client

Connect the client LAN to a server

Connect both the client and server LANs

Connect clients and client LANs

L2 Ethernet bridging

Contributions that do not yet fit into the main article

Routing client traffic through the server

Configure ufw for routing

Using iptables

Configuring LDAP authorization

Deprecated older wiki content

Using PAM and passwords to authenticate

Using certs to authenticate

Routing traffic through the server

Setting up the Client

With password authentication

Certs authentication

DNS

Webmin

Connecting to the Server

Navigation menu

Search