Oracle

Introduction

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This document will help you intall the Oracle Database 11gR1 on Arch Linux. By using the install method 2 you will be able to finalize the long installation process with only few steps.

Install method 1

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Pre Installation

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Installing Desktop Environment

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pacman -Syu

pacman -S python pacman -U ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/aurbuild/aurbuild-1.8.4-1-any.pkg.tar.gz

Install and test Xorg.

pacman -S xorg
pacman -S hwd

Since Xorg 7.4, xorg.conf isn't necessary anymore. This command is optional.

hwd -x
cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf.vesa /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Check with startx (ctrl-alt-backspace to exit - should get mouse movement x cursor on lame screen).

startx

Install desktop environment, gnome, kde or xfce. In this case xfce4 will be installed:

pacman -S xfce4
pacman -S pcmanfm

Run xfce:

startxfce4
xfce4-session-logout

Required packages for Oracle database

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Arch i686:

base-devel
java-runtime(openjdk6 or jre jdk)
ksh rpm gawk gdb libaio libelf sysstat unixodbc libstdc++5
unzip sudo

Arch x86_64:

base-devel
java-runtime(openjdk6 or jre jdk)
ksh rpm gawk gdb libaio libelf sysstat libstdc++5
unzip sudo

Install packages:

pacman -S unzip
pacman -S sudo
pacman -S java-runtime
pacman -S base-devel

Install ksh (problem with aurbuild -s ksh).

mkdir -p ABS/ksh
cd ABS/ksh
chmod 777 -R /software
wget --http-user "I accept www.opensource.org/licenses/cpl" --http-password "." http://www.research.att.com/~gsf/download/tgz/INIT.2008-11-04.tgz
wget --http-user "I accept www.opensource.org/licenses/cpl" --http-password "." http://www.research.att.com/~gsf/download/tgz/ast-ksh.2008-11-04.tgz
wget http://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ksh/ksh/PKGBUILD
wget http://aur.archlinux.org/packages/ksh/ksh/ksh.install

Alter PKGBUILD to use local files by commenting out url property.

makepkg -c --asroot
makepkg -i --asroot
cd ..

pacman -S icu
aurbuild -s beecrypt
aurbuild -s rpm
pacman -S gawk
pacman -S gdb
aurbuild -s libaio
pacman -S libelf
pacman -S sysstat
pacman -S libstdc++5

Oracle database 32-bit requires unixodbc.

pacman -S unixodbc

Optional lib32 packages on x86_64:

pacman -S lib32-libstdc++5 
pacman -S lib32-glibc 
pacman -S lib32-gcc-libs

Oracle database require 32-bit libaio and unixodbc on x86_64 but is not necessary under Arch linux.

Some prerequisite symbolic links for Oracle Universal Installer.

ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
ln -s /usr/bin/ksh /bin/ksh
ln -s /bin/awk /usr/bin/awk
ln -s /bin/tr /usr/bin/tr
ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename

Arch x86_64:

ln -s /usr/lib /usr/lib64

Configuration

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Create users and group for Oracle database:

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

Set password for the user oracle:

passwd oracle

Optional: Add oracle to the sshd_config file.

pacman -S openssh

Add this line to /etc/ssh/sshd_config

AllowUsers oracle

Add oracle to /etc/sudoers. This will give oracle super user privilege.

oracle    ALL=(ALL) ALL

Add these lines to /etc/sysctl.conf.

# oracle kernel settings
fs.file-max = 6553600
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 262144

Add these lines to /etc/security/limits.conf.

# oracle settings
oracle           soft    nproc   2047
oracle           hard    nproc   16384
oracle           soft    nofile  1024
oracle           hard    nofile  65536

Create some directories for Oracle database. You can chose the directory path. Here is an example.

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/inventory
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/recovery
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db

Set permissions for the directories.

chown -R oracle:dba /u01
chmod 777 /tmp

Create or update oracle bashrc /home/oracle/.bashrc. Here is an example of the oracle user settings.

umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db
export ORACLE_SID=xdb
export ORACLE_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export EDITOR=nano
export VISUAL=nano

Graphical Installation

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Installing Oracle database softwares

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Download the Oracle database from here: http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html

Unzip the Oracle database.

Arch i686:

unzip linux_11gR1_database_1013.zip -d /media

Arch x86_64:

unzip linux.x64_11gR1_database_1013.zip -d /media

Optional: Arch x86_64:

cd /media/database/install
mv unzip unzipx
ln -s /usr/bin/unzip 

Change the permissions for the extracted Oracle database.

chmod -R 777 /media/database
chown -R oracle:oinstall /media/database

Enter the directory where you extracted the Oracle database.

In oder to run oracle installation script you need to export the X display as a normal user:

DISPLAY=:0.0; export DISPLAY; xhost +

Login as the user oracle and export the X display:

su oracle
DISPLAY=:0.0; export DISPLAY

Enter the database directory and run the Oracle Universal Installer as the user oracle.

cd /media/database
./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs

During the Graphical installation:

1 Click on "Next". 

2 Chose "Enterprise Edition" Installation Type and click on "Next"

3 Oracle Base should be: /u01/oracle. Don't change it, 
unless you know what you're doing. 

3.1 Change the default "Name" to orarch or something else. 

3.2 The predefined path in /etc/rc.d/oracledb is "db", ie: 
/u01/oracle/product/db. If you want to use a 
different path you'll have to change /etc/rc.d/oracledb, so that 
the startup script can locate ORACLE_HOME directory.

3.3 After changing the defaults, click on "Next". 

4 Since Oracle database requires certain distro requirement, 
you'll have to manually check them and then click on "Next".

5 Chose "Software Install Only" and click on "Next".

6 There is only one DBA group for oracle database. Click on "Next".

7 Install "Summary" shows what's going to be installed. Click on "Install".

8 The installation will take some time, especially the "Linking" part. Be
patient! If you get an error message ignore it by clicking on "Continue".

8.1 At the end of the installation you'll have to open another terminal,
and execute /u01/oracle/product/db/root.sh as root.
Don't klick on "OK" yet.

8.2 When running root.sh, you'll be offered to use /usr/local/bin as the full pathname.
Press the "Enter" key here.

8.3 Now you can click on "OK"

9 Installation is finnished, click on "Exit" and "Yes", you really want to exit.

Creating Database

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You have only installed the Oracle database softwares. Now you need to create a database. Login as the user oracle:

su oracle

Export the ORACLE_HOME binary directory:

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/db
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Run database installation script:

dbca

During the graphical installation:

1 Click on "Next".
2 Check "Create a Database" and click on "Next".
3 Check "General Purpose or Transaction Processing" and click on "Next".
4 Chose a database name and SID. Example: Global Database Name: archlinux, 
SID: archlinux. And then click on "Next".
5 Uncheck "Configure Enterprise Manager", leave it empty and click on "Next".
6 Check "Use the Same Administrative Password for All Accounts",
set password and click on "Next". 
7 Check "File System" and click on "Next".
8 Check "Use Database File Locations from Template" and click on "Next".
9 Uncheck "Specify Flash Recovery Area" and click on "Next".
10 No need for "Sample Schemas", click on "Next".
11 If you don't know what you're doing, check "Typical" and click on "Next"
12 Check "Keep the enhanced 11g default security settings" and click on "Next".
13 Uncheck "Enable automatic maintenance tasks" if you wish to do it by
yourself and click on "Next".
14 View your filesystem layout and click on "Next".
15 "Create Database" is checked by default. Click on "Finish" to create database.
16 Summary of following operations to be performed, click on "OK".
17 When database creation is complete, click on "Exit".

Post Installation

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Create an oracledb daemon and place it in /etc/rc.d. Here is an example of the racledb file:

#!/bin/bash
#
# /etc/rc.d/oracledb
#
# Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Listener and Instances
# It relies on the information on /etc/oratab

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/oracle/product/db
export ORACLE_OWNR=oracle
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]
then
   echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
   exit 1
fi

case "$1" in
   start)
       # Oracle listener and instance startup
       echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
       su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
       su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
       touch /var/lock/oracle
       echo "OK"
       ;;
   stop)
       # Oracle listener and instance shutdown
       echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
       su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
       su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
       rm -f /var/lock/oracle
       echo "OK"
       ;;
   reload|restart)
       $0 stop
       $0 start
       ;;
   *)
       echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload"
       exit 1
esac

exit 0

Make it executable:

chmod +x /etc/rc/oracledb

To start the daemon during boot, add oracledb in /etc/rc.conf.

DAEMONS=(oracledb syslog-ng ...)

For more information on post installation, please check out the second post installation section.

Install method 2

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Installation

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Step 1. Download the Arch Linux package from AUR: http://aur.archlinux.org/packages.php?ID=23730 Download the Oracle database 11gR1: http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/products/database/index.html

Step 2. Extract the Arch Linux package into a directory. Copy the Oracle database 11gR1 into that directory as well. and install Oracle by using makepkg:

makepkg -s

Step 3. Install the package that makepkg has created by using pacman.

Arch i686:

pacman -U oracle-11gR1-1-i686.pkg.tar.gz 

Arch x86_64:

pacman -U oracle-11gR1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.gz 

Pacman will now execute Oracle's own installation script(./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs).

The installation will take som time, please be patient. Do not exit terminal during database installation, especially when the installation script is executing configuration assistants:

.... 
Starting to execute configuration assistants
Configuration assistant "Oracle Net Configuration Assistant" succeeded 
...

The installation script ends something like this:

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root script to run
/home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
   1. Open a terminal window
   2. Log in as "root"
   3. Run the scripts
   
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/home/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2009-03-03_07-24-10PM.log'
for more details.

Step 4. Run these scripts as root:

[ahc@archlinux ~]$ su
Password: 

cd /home/oracle/oraInventory
./orainstRoot.sh

cd /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch
./root.sh

Step 5. The default user for the Oracle database is "oracle". Since the password is not set for the user oracle, you need to run passwd as root:

passwd oracle

Step 6. Change the administration password for SYS and SYSTEM. Login as the user oracle.

su oracle

sqlplus "/as sysdba"

SQL> show user

USER is "SYS"

passw system

Changing password for system
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed

SQL> quit

sqlplus "/as system"

SQL> passw sys

Changing password for sys
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed

SQL> quit

Post Installation

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Testing Database

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Login as the user oracle and run export ORACLE_SID="yourSID" etc., ie:

export ORACLE_SID=archlinux
export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Running oraenv should confirm the exported configuration:

oraenv

ORACLE_SID = [archlinux] ? 
The Oracle base for ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch 
is /home/oracle/app/oracle

Check if the database is shutting down or starting:

sqlplus '/as sysdba'

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  385003520 bytes
Fixed Size		    1300100 bytes
Variable Size		  234883452 bytes
Database Buffers	  142606336 bytes
Redo Buffers		    6213632 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

Type "quit" when you want to leave SQL prompt:

SQL> quit

Starting oracle during the boot

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If you want to start with your oracle SID, replace ":N" with ":Y" in /etc/oratab:

archlinux:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch:N

archlinux:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch:Y

To start the oracle database daemon during boot, add "oracledb" in your /etc/rc.conf:

DAEMONS=(oracledb syslog-ng dbus !network netfs crond ntpd alsa hal wicd fam)

Note: If the daemon doesn't start, please check that the ORACLE_HOME path matches your current oracle directory in /etc/rc.d/oracledb:

export ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch

[oracle@archlinux orarch]$ pwd
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch

Test starting the daemon as root:

/etc/rc.d/oracledb start

Starting Oracle: 
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production on 27-FEB-2009 23:14:45
...
The command completed successfully
Processing Database instance "archlinux": log file 
/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/orarch/startup.log
OK

Now you'll login to your oracle database each time you reboot:

su oracle
export ORACLE_SID=archlinux
oraenv
sqlplus '/as sysdba'

Setting Permissions for Normal Users

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Since there is only one user(oracle) that has access to the oracle database, you need to add your normal user to the group "dba". In this case "joe" is the normal user:

gpasswd -a joe dba

The group changes will take effect after you logout and login again. The user oracle has the permissions to access the oracle home directory, ie /home/oracle:

drwx------ 6 oracle dba 4096 2009-02-27 23:27 oracle

You need to grant the group "dba" permission to execute the binary files in the oracle home directory:

chmod -R g+x /home/oracle

Now you'll be able to run the oracle database as the normal user.

More Resources

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Most of the steps are based on this oracle installation guide for ubuntu users. This guide includes step by step graphical examples: http://www.pythian.com/blogs/1355/installing-oracle-11gr1-on-ubuntu-810-intrepid-ibex