Difference between revisions of "Pacman/Rosetta"
< Pacman
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[[Category:Package management]] | [[Category:Package management]] | ||
[[es:Pacman Rosetta]] | [[es:Pacman Rosetta]] | ||
+ | [[ja:Pacman Rosetta]] | ||
[[sr:Pacman Rosetta]] | [[sr:Pacman Rosetta]] | ||
[[zh-CN:Pacman Rosetta]] | [[zh-CN:Pacman Rosetta]] | ||
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Users from other Linux distributions can benefit from pacman by using a simple wrapper: [https://github.com/icy/pacapt pacapt]. The script could also be intended for Arch users having to temporarily deal with another distribution. | Users from other Linux distributions can benefit from pacman by using a simple wrapper: [https://github.com/icy/pacapt pacapt]. The script could also be intended for Arch users having to temporarily deal with another distribution. | ||
+ | [https://github.com/icy/pacapt pacapt] is a pacman shell script implementation for other linux distribution. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Note| | ||
+ | * Some of the tools described here are specific to a certain version of pacman. The -Qk option is new in pacman 4.1. | ||
+ | * The command {{ic|pkgfile}} can be found in the {{Pkg|pkgfile}} package. | ||
+ | }} | ||
{| | {| | ||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''<font color="#707070">Action</font>''' | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''<font color="#707070">Action</font>''' | ||
Line 12: | Line 19: | ||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Red Hat/Fedora''' | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Red Hat/Fedora''' | ||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Debian/Ubuntu''' | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Debian/Ubuntu''' | ||
− | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''' | + | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''SUSE/openSUSE''' |
− | |||
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Gentoo''' | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Gentoo''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | Install a package(s) by name ||pacman -S||yum install ||apt-get | + | | Install a package(s) by name ||pacman -S||yum install ||apt-get install||zypper install zypper in|| emerge [-a] |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Remove a package(s) by name ||pacman - | + | | Remove a package(s) by name ||pacman -Rc||yum remove/erase ||apt-get remove||zypper remove zypper rm ||emerge -C |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. ||pacman -Ss||yum search ||apt-cache | + | | Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. ||pacman -Ss||yum search ||apt-cache search||zypper search zypper se [-s]||emerge -S |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Upgrade Packages - Install packages which have an older version already installed ||pacman -Syu||yum update ||apt-get upgrade | + | | Upgrade Packages - Install packages which have an older version already installed ||pacman -Syu||yum update ||apt-get upgrade||zypper update zypper up||emerge -u world |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates. ||pacman -Syu||yum distro-sync ||apt-get dist-upgrade | + | | Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates. ||pacman -Syu||yum distro-sync ||apt-get dist-upgrade||zypper dup||emerge -uDN world |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Reinstall given Package - Will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle. ||pacman -S||yum reinstall||apt-get install --reinstall | + | | Reinstall given Package - Will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle. ||pacman -S||yum reinstall||apt-get install --reinstall||zypper install --force||emerge [-a] |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Installs local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies ||pacman -U||yum localinstall ||dpkg -i && apt-get install -f | + | | Installs local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies ||pacman -U||yum localinstall ||dpkg -i && apt-get install -f||zypper in /path/to/local.rpm||emerge |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies ||pacman -U||yum localupdate | + | | Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies ||pacman -U||yum localupdate ||n/a||emerge|| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system || pacman dep level - testdb, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs or lddd||package-cleanup --problems||apt-get --fix-broken | + | | Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system || pacman dep level - testdb, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs or lddd||package-cleanup --problems||apt-get --fix-broken / aptitude install||zypper verify ||revdep-rebuild |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them ||pacman -Sw||yumdownloader (found in yum-utils package)||apt-get --download-only | + | | Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them ||pacman -Sw||yumdownloader (found in yum-utils package)||apt-get --download-only / aptitude download|| zypper --download-only ||emerge --fetchonly |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Remove dependencies that are no longer needed, because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed. ||<nowiki>pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs -</nowiki>|| | + | | Remove dependencies that are no longer needed, because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed. ||<nowiki>pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs -</nowiki>||yum autoremove||apt-get autoremove ||zypper rm -u||emerge --depclean |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Downloads the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s) || Use [[ABS]] && makepkg -o ||yumdownloader --source||apt-get source | + | | Downloads the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s) || Use [[ABS]] && makepkg -o ||yumdownloader --source||apt-get source / debcheckout||zypper source-install||emerge --fetchonly |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Remove packages no longer included in any repositories. ||||package-cleanup --orphans | + | | Remove packages no longer included in any repositories. ||||package-cleanup --orphans|||||| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package. ||automatic||yum-builddep||apt-get build-dep | + | | Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package. ||automatic||yum-builddep||apt-get build-dep ||zypper si -d||emerge -o |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf<br/>modify IgnorePkg array||yum.conf <--”exclude” option (add/amend)||<nowiki>echo "$PKGNAME hold" | dpkg --set-selections</nowiki> | + | | Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf<br/>modify IgnorePkg array||yum.conf <--”exclude” option (add/amend)||<nowiki>echo "$PKGNAME hold" | dpkg --set-selections</nowiki>||Put package name in /etc/zypp/locks||/etc/portage/package.mask |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Delete a package lock rule ||remove package from IgnorePkg line in /etc/pacman.conf||yum.conf <--”exclude” option (remove/amend)||<nowiki>echo "$PKGNAME install" | dpkg --set-selections</nowiki> | + | | Delete a package lock rule ||remove package from IgnorePkg line in /etc/pacman.conf||yum.conf <--”exclude” option (remove/amend)||<nowiki>echo "$PKGNAME install" | dpkg --set-selections</nowiki> ||Remove package name from /etc/zypp/locks||/etc/portage/package.mask (or package.unmask) |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Show a listing of all lock rules ||cat /etc/pacman.conf||yum.conf (research needed)||/etc/apt/preferences | + | | Show a listing of all lock rules ||cat /etc/pacman.conf||yum.conf (research needed)||/etc/apt/preferences ||View /etc/zypp/locks||cat /etc/portage/package.mask |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback ||||(unnecessary, done on every transaction)|| | + | | Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback ||||(unnecessary, done on every transaction)||||n/a || |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Remove a checkpoint from the system ||N/A||N/A|| | + | | Remove a checkpoint from the system ||N/A||N/A||||n/a || |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Provide a list of all system checkpoints ||N/A||yum history list|| | + | | Provide a list of all system checkpoints ||N/A||yum history list||||n/a || |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint. ||N/A||yum history rollback|| | + | | Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint. ||N/A||yum history rollback||||n/a || |
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | Undo a single specified transaction. ||N/A||yum history undo|||| || | + | | Undo a single specified transaction. ||N/A||yum history undo||||n/a|||| |
+ | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
+ | | Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required. ||pacman -D --asexplicit||||aptitude unmarkauto||||emerge --select | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required. ||pacman -S --asdeps||||||||emerge -1 | ||
+ | | |||||||||| | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | '''''Package information management''''' |||||||||| | |
− | |||
− | | '''''Package information management''''' | ||
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML | + | | Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.) ||(see /var/lib/pacman/local)||(see /var/lib/rpm/Packages)||apt-cache stats||n/a ||emerge --info |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other. ||pacman -[S<nowiki>|</nowiki>Q]i ||yum list or info ||apt-cache | + | | Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other. ||pacman -[S<nowiki>|</nowiki>Q]i ||yum list or info ||apt-cache show / apt-cache policy||zypper info zypper if||emerge -S; emerge -pv; eix |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. ||pacman -Ss ||yum search ||apt-cache | + | | Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. ||pacman -Ss ||yum search ||apt-cache search||zypper search zypper se [-s]||emerge -S |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options. ||pacman -Qu ||yum list updates yum check-update ||apt-get upgrade -> n | + | | Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options. ||pacman -Qu ||yum list updates yum check-update ||apt-get upgrade -> n||zypper list-updates zypper patch-check (just for patches) ||emerge -uDNp world |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source. ||pacman -Sl ||yum list available||apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames | + | | Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source. ||pacman -Sl ||yum list available||apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames||zypper packages ||emerge -ep world |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command. ||pkgfile <filename>||yum whatprovides yum provides ||apt-file search <filename> | + | | Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command. ||pkgfile <filename>||yum whatprovides yum provides ||apt-file search <filename>||zypper what-provides zypper wp|| equery belongs (only installed packages); pfl |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse/ dependencies | + | | Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse/ dependencies.||pacman -Sii||yum resolvedep ||apt-cache rdepends / aptitude search ~Dpattern||IN PROGRESS || equery depends |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function. | + | | Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function.||(none)||repoquery --whatconflicts||aptitude search '~Cpattern'||IN PROGRESS || |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies. ||pacman -[S<nowiki>|</nowiki>Q]i||yum deplist ||apt-cache depends | + | | List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies. ||pacman -[S<nowiki>|</nowiki>Q]i||yum deplist ||apt-cache depends / apt-cache show||IN PROGRESS || emerge -ep |
|- | |- | ||
− | | List what the current package provides ||||yum provides || | + | | List what the current package provides ||||yum provides ||||IN PROGRESS||equery files |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands. ||pacman -Ql $pkgname <br/>pkgfile -l || | + | | List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands. ||pacman -Ql $pkgname <br/>pkgfile -l ||repoquery -l $pkgname ||dpkg -L / apt-file list||IN PROGRESS ||equery files |
|- | |- | ||
− | | List all packages that require a particular package ||||repoquery --whatrequires [--recursive] | + | | List all packages that require a particular package ||||repoquery --whatrequires [--recursive]||||||equery depends -a |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality. ||pkgfile -s||yum provides yum whatprovides ||apt-file search | + | | Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality. ||pkgfile -s||yum provides yum whatprovides ||apt-file search||IN PROGRESS ||equery belongs |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes. ||||yum list obsoletes ||apt-cache | + | | Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes. ||||yum list obsoletes ||apt-cache show||IN PROGRESS|| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed. ||testdb||yum deplist ||apt-get check | + | | Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed. ||testdb||yum deplist ||apt-get check||n/a || emerge -uDN world |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Generates a list of installed packages || pacman -Q || yum list installed || dpkg --get-selections | + | | Generates a list of installed packages || pacman -Q || yum list installed || dpkg --get-selections || zypper ||emerge -ep world |
|- | |- | ||
− | | List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore). ||pacman -Qm||yum list extras || | + | | List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore). ||pacman -Qm||yum list extras || deborphan || |zypper se -si | grep 'System Packages'||eix-test-obsolete |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it | + | | List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it. ||(none)||yum list recent ||aptitude search '~N' / aptitude forget-new||n/a||eix-diff |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Show a log of actions taken by the software management. ||cat /var/log/pacman.log ||yum history cat /var/log/yum.log||cat /var/log/dpkg.log | + | | Show a log of actions taken by the software management. ||cat /var/log/pacman.log ||yum history cat /var/log/yum.log||cat /var/log/dpkg.log||cat /var/log/zypp/history || located in /var/log/portage |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information. ||pacman -Sc<br/>pacman -Scc ||yum clean ||apt-get clean | + | | Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information. ||pacman -Sc<br/>pacman -Scc ||yum clean ||apt-get clean / apt-get autoclean / aptitude clean|| zypper clean || eclean distfiles |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes. ||cp $pkgname /var/cache/pacman/pkg/||||apt-cache add | + | | Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes. ||cp $pkgname /var/cache/pacman/pkg/||||apt-cache add ||n/a || cp $srcfile /usr/portage/distfiles |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Display the source package to the given package name(s) ||||repoquery -s||apt-cache showsrc | + | | Display the source package to the given package name(s) ||||repoquery -s||apt-cache showsrc ||n/a|| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s). ||||||apt-cache dotty | + | | Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s). ||||||apt-cache dotty ||n/a || |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source. ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf<br/>Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays||yum-plugin-priorities and yum-plugin-protect-packages||/etc/apt/preferences | + | | Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source. ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf<br/>Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays||yum-plugin-priorities and yum-plugin-protect-packages||/etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy|| zypper mr -p || ${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords<br/>Add a line with =category/package-version |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Remove a previously set priority ||||||/etc/apt/preferences | + | | Remove a previously set priority ||||||/etc/apt/preferences ||zypper mr -p || ${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords<br/>remove offending line |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Show a list of set priorities. ||||||apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences | + | | Show a list of set priorities. ||||||apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences ||n/a || cat /etc/portage/package.keywords |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Ignores problems that priorities may trigger. | + | | Ignores problems that priorities may trigger. ||||||||n/a || |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Installation sources management ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf||${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo||${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list | + | | Installation sources management ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf||${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo||${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list|| ||layman |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and yum force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source. ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf||${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo||apt-cdrom add | + | | Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and yum force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source. ||${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf||${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo||apt-cdrom add||zypper service-add ||layman, overlays |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources. ||pacman -Sy ||yum clean expire-cache && yum check-update ||apt-get update | + | | Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources. ||pacman -Sy ||yum clean expire-cache && yum check-update ||apt-get update||zypper refresh zypper ref||layman -f |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc. ||cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist||cat /etc/yum.repos.d/*|| | + | | Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc. ||cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist||cat /etc/yum.repos.d/*||||zypper service-list ||layman -l |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Disable an installation source for an operation ||||yum --disablerepo=${REPO} | + | | Disable an installation source for an operation ||||yum --disablerepo=${REPO}||||||emerge package::repo-to-use |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed. ||||yum --releasever=${VERSION} || | + | | Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed. ||||yum --releasever=${VERSION} ||apt-get install -t release package/ apt-get install package/release (deps not covered)||||echo "category/package ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords && emerge package |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | '''''Other commands''''' | + | | '''''Other commands''''' |||||||||| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session ||||yum shell ||apt-config shell | + | | Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session ||||yum shell ||apt-config shell||zypper shell || |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | '''''Package Verification''''' | + | | '''''Package Verification'''''|||||||||| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Single package|| | + | | Single package||pacman -Qk[k] <package>||rpm -V <package>||debsums||rpm -V <package>||equery check |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | All packages||||rpm -Va||debsums | + | | All packages||pacman -Qk[k]||rpm -Va||debsums||rpm -Va||equery check |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''''Package Querying''''' | + | | '''''Package Querying'''''|||||||||| |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | List installed local packages along with version||pacman -Q||rpm -qa||dpkg | + | | List installed local packages along with version||pacman -Q||rpm -qa||dpkg -l||||emerge -e world |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc.||pacman -Qi ||rpm -qi ||dpkg- | + | | Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc.||pacman -Qi ||rpm -qi ||dpkg -s||||emerge -pv and emerge -S |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc.||pacman -Si ||yum info ||apt-cache show | + | | Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc.||pacman -Si ||yum info ||apt-cache show / aptitude show||||emerge -pv and emerge -S |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Display files provided by local package||pacman -Ql ||rpm -ql||dpkg | + | | Display files provided by local package||pacman -Ql ||rpm -ql||dpkg -L||||equery files |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Display files provided by a remote package||||repoquery -l | + | | Display files provided by a remote package||pkgfile -l||repoquery -l||||||pfl |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Query the package which provides FILE ||pacman -Qo ||rpm -qf (installed only) or yum whatprovides (everything) ||dpkg | + | | Query the package which provides FILE ||pacman -Qo ||rpm -qf (installed only) or yum whatprovides (everything) ||dpkg -S/dlocate||||equery belongs |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database||pacman -Qp||rpm -qp||dpkg | + | | Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database||pacman -Qp||rpm -qp||dpkg -I|||| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Show the changelog of a package||pacman -Qc||rpm -q --changelog|| | + | | Show the changelog of a package||pacman -Qc||rpm -q --changelog||apt-get changelog|||||equery changes -f |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Search | + | | Search locally installed package for names or descriptions ||pacman -Qs|| ||aptitude search <nowiki>'~i(~nexpr|~dexpr)'</nowiki>|||||eix -S -I |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- | |- | ||
− | + | | |||||||||| | |
|- | |- | ||
− | | '''''Building Packages''''' | + | | '''''Building Packages'''''|||||||||| |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Build a package||makepkg -s||rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot)|| | + | | Build a package||makepkg -s||rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot)||debuild||rpmbuild -ba ||ebuild; quickpkg |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Check for possible packaging issues||||rpmlint ||lintian | + | | Check for possible packaging issues||||rpmlint ||lintian||||repoman |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | List the contents of a package file|| ||rpmls rpm -qpl|| | + | | List the contents of a package file||pacman -Qpl <file>||rpmls rpm -qpl||dpkg -L||rpm -qpl|| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | Extract a package ||tar -Jxvf||<nowiki>rpm2cpio | cpio -vid</nowiki>||<nowiki>ar vx | tar -zxvf data.tar.gz | + | | Extract a package ||tar -Jxvf||<nowiki>rpm2cpio | cpio -vid</nowiki>||<nowiki>ar vx | tar -zxvf data.tar.gz</nowiki>||<nowiki>rpm2cpio | cpio -vid</nowiki>||tar -jxvf |
|- style="background:#e4e4e4" | |- style="background:#e4e4e4" | ||
− | | Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database||pacman -Qp||rpm -qp||dpkg | + | | Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database||pacman -Qp||rpm -qp||dpkg -I|||| |
|- | |- | ||
− | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''' | + | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''<font color="#707070">Action</font>''' |
− | + | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Arch''' | |
− | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''' | + | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Red Hat/Fedora''' |
− | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''' | + | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Debian/Ubuntu''' |
− | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''' | + | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''SUSE/openSUSE''' |
− | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''' | + | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|'''Gentoo''' |
− | | align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;"|''' | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 11:07, 20 December 2013
zh-CN:Pacman Rosetta This page pulls heavily from openSUSE's Software Management Command Line Comparison. It has been simplified and has added Arch to the comparison, as well as modified the order in which each distribution exists for the benefit of Arch users.
Users from other Linux distributions can benefit from pacman by using a simple wrapper: pacapt. The script could also be intended for Arch users having to temporarily deal with another distribution.
pacapt is a pacman shell script implementation for other linux distribution.
Note:
- Some of the tools described here are specific to a certain version of pacman. The -Qk option is new in pacman 4.1.
- The command
pkgfile
can be found in the pkgfile package.
Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SUSE/openSUSE | Gentoo | ||||||
Install a package(s) by name | pacman -S | yum install | apt-get install | zypper install zypper in | emerge [-a] | ||||||
Remove a package(s) by name | pacman -Rc | yum remove/erase | apt-get remove | zypper remove zypper rm | emerge -C | ||||||
Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. | pacman -Ss | yum search | apt-cache search | zypper search zypper se [-s] | emerge -S | ||||||
Upgrade Packages - Install packages which have an older version already installed | pacman -Syu | yum update | apt-get upgrade | zypper update zypper up | emerge -u world | ||||||
Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates. | pacman -Syu | yum distro-sync | apt-get dist-upgrade | zypper dup | emerge -uDN world | ||||||
Reinstall given Package - Will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle. | pacman -S | yum reinstall | apt-get install --reinstall | zypper install --force | emerge [-a] | ||||||
Installs local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | pacman -U | yum localinstall | dpkg -i && apt-get install -f | zypper in /path/to/local.rpm | emerge | ||||||
Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies | pacman -U | yum localupdate | n/a | emerge | |||||||
Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system | pacman dep level - testdb, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs or lddd | package-cleanup --problems | apt-get --fix-broken / aptitude install | zypper verify | revdep-rebuild | ||||||
Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them | pacman -Sw | yumdownloader (found in yum-utils package) | apt-get --download-only / aptitude download | zypper --download-only | emerge --fetchonly | ||||||
Remove dependencies that are no longer needed, because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed. | pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs - | yum autoremove | apt-get autoremove | zypper rm -u | emerge --depclean | ||||||
Downloads the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s) | Use ABS && makepkg -o | yumdownloader --source | apt-get source / debcheckout | zypper source-install | emerge --fetchonly | ||||||
Remove packages no longer included in any repositories. | package-cleanup --orphans | ||||||||||
Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package. | automatic | yum-builddep | apt-get build-dep | zypper si -d | emerge -o | ||||||
Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf modify IgnorePkg array |
yum.conf <--”exclude” option (add/amend) | echo "$PKGNAME hold" | dpkg --set-selections | Put package name in /etc/zypp/locks | /etc/portage/package.mask | ||||||
Delete a package lock rule | remove package from IgnorePkg line in /etc/pacman.conf | yum.conf <--”exclude” option (remove/amend) | echo "$PKGNAME install" | dpkg --set-selections | Remove package name from /etc/zypp/locks | /etc/portage/package.mask (or package.unmask) | ||||||
Show a listing of all lock rules | cat /etc/pacman.conf | yum.conf (research needed) | /etc/apt/preferences | View /etc/zypp/locks | cat /etc/portage/package.mask | ||||||
Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback | (unnecessary, done on every transaction) | n/a | |||||||||
Remove a checkpoint from the system | N/A | N/A | n/a | ||||||||
Provide a list of all system checkpoints | N/A | yum history list | n/a | ||||||||
Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint. | N/A | yum history rollback | n/a | ||||||||
Undo a single specified transaction. | N/A | yum history undo | n/a | ||||||||
Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required. | pacman -D --asexplicit | aptitude unmarkauto | emerge --select | ||||||||
Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required. | pacman -S --asdeps | emerge -1 | |||||||||
Package information management | |||||||||||
Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.) | (see /var/lib/pacman/local) | (see /var/lib/rpm/Packages) | apt-cache stats | n/a | emerge --info | ||||||
Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other. | pacman -[S|Q]i | yum list or info | apt-cache show / apt-cache policy | zypper info zypper if | emerge -S; emerge -pv; eix | ||||||
Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par. | pacman -Ss | yum search | apt-cache search | zypper search zypper se [-s] | emerge -S | ||||||
Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options. | pacman -Qu | yum list updates yum check-update | apt-get upgrade -> n | zypper list-updates zypper patch-check (just for patches) | emerge -uDNp world | ||||||
Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source. | pacman -Sl | yum list available | apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames | zypper packages | emerge -ep world | ||||||
Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command. | pkgfile <filename> | yum whatprovides yum provides | apt-file search <filename> | zypper what-provides zypper wp | equery belongs (only installed packages); pfl | ||||||
Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse/ dependencies. | pacman -Sii | yum resolvedep | apt-cache rdepends / aptitude search ~Dpattern | IN PROGRESS | equery depends | ||||||
Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function. | (none) | repoquery --whatconflicts | aptitude search '~Cpattern' | IN PROGRESS | |||||||
List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies. | pacman -[S|Q]i | yum deplist | apt-cache depends / apt-cache show | IN PROGRESS | emerge -ep | ||||||
List what the current package provides | yum provides | IN PROGRESS | equery files | ||||||||
List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands. | pacman -Ql $pkgname pkgfile -l |
repoquery -l $pkgname | dpkg -L / apt-file list | IN PROGRESS | equery files | ||||||
List all packages that require a particular package | repoquery --whatrequires [--recursive] | equery depends -a | |||||||||
Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality. | pkgfile -s | yum provides yum whatprovides | apt-file search | IN PROGRESS | equery belongs | ||||||
Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes. | yum list obsoletes | apt-cache show | IN PROGRESS | ||||||||
Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed. | testdb | yum deplist | apt-get check | n/a | emerge -uDN world | ||||||
Generates a list of installed packages | pacman -Q | yum list installed | dpkg --get-selections | zypper | emerge -ep world | ||||||
List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore). | pacman -Qm | yum list extras | deborphan | zypper se -si | grep 'System Packages' | eix-test-obsolete | ||||||
List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it. | (none) | yum list recent | aptitude search '~N' / aptitude forget-new | n/a | eix-diff | ||||||
Show a log of actions taken by the software management. | cat /var/log/pacman.log | yum history cat /var/log/yum.log | cat /var/log/dpkg.log | cat /var/log/zypp/history | located in /var/log/portage | ||||||
Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information. | pacman -Sc pacman -Scc |
yum clean | apt-get clean / apt-get autoclean / aptitude clean | zypper clean | eclean distfiles | ||||||
Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes. | cp $pkgname /var/cache/pacman/pkg/ | apt-cache add | n/a | cp $srcfile /usr/portage/distfiles | |||||||
Display the source package to the given package name(s) | repoquery -s | apt-cache showsrc | n/a | ||||||||
Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s). | apt-cache dotty | n/a | |||||||||
Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source. | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays |
yum-plugin-priorities and yum-plugin-protect-packages | /etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy | zypper mr -p | ${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords Add a line with =category/package-version | ||||||
Remove a previously set priority | /etc/apt/preferences | zypper mr -p | ${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords remove offending line | ||||||||
Show a list of set priorities. | apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences | n/a | cat /etc/portage/package.keywords | ||||||||
Ignores problems that priorities may trigger. | n/a | ||||||||||
Installation sources management | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf | ${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo | ${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list | layman | |||||||
Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and yum force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source. | ${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf | ${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo | apt-cdrom add | zypper service-add | layman, overlays | ||||||
Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources. | pacman -Sy | yum clean expire-cache && yum check-update | apt-get update | zypper refresh zypper ref | layman -f | ||||||
Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc. | cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist | cat /etc/yum.repos.d/* | zypper service-list | layman -l | |||||||
Disable an installation source for an operation | yum --disablerepo=${REPO} | emerge package::repo-to-use | |||||||||
Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed. | yum --releasever=${VERSION} | apt-get install -t release package/ apt-get install package/release (deps not covered) | echo "category/package ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords && emerge package | ||||||||
Other commands | |||||||||||
Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session | yum shell | apt-config shell | zypper shell | ||||||||
Package Verification | |||||||||||
Single package | pacman -Qk[k] <package> | rpm -V <package> | debsums | rpm -V <package> | equery check | ||||||
All packages | pacman -Qk[k] | rpm -Va | debsums | rpm -Va | equery check | ||||||
Package Querying | |||||||||||
List installed local packages along with version | pacman -Q | rpm -qa | dpkg -l | emerge -e world | |||||||
Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc. | pacman -Qi | rpm -qi | dpkg -s | emerge -pv and emerge -S | |||||||
Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc. | pacman -Si | yum info | apt-cache show / aptitude show | emerge -pv and emerge -S | |||||||
Display files provided by local package | pacman -Ql | rpm -ql | dpkg -L | equery files | |||||||
Display files provided by a remote package | pkgfile -l | repoquery -l | pfl | ||||||||
Query the package which provides FILE | pacman -Qo | rpm -qf (installed only) or yum whatprovides (everything) | dpkg -S/dlocate | equery belongs | |||||||
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database | pacman -Qp | rpm -qp | dpkg -I | ||||||||
Show the changelog of a package | pacman -Qc | rpm -q --changelog | apt-get changelog | equery changes -f | |||||||
Search locally installed package for names or descriptions | pacman -Qs | aptitude search '~i(~nexpr|~dexpr)' | eix -S -I | ||||||||
Building Packages | |||||||||||
Build a package | makepkg -s | rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot) | debuild | rpmbuild -ba | ebuild; quickpkg | ||||||
Check for possible packaging issues | rpmlint | lintian | repoman | ||||||||
List the contents of a package file | pacman -Qpl <file> | rpmls rpm -qpl | dpkg -L | rpm -qpl | |||||||
Extract a package | tar -Jxvf | rpm2cpio | cpio -vid | ar vx | tar -zxvf data.tar.gz | rpm2cpio | cpio -vid | tar -jxvf | ||||||
Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database | pacman -Qp | rpm -qp | dpkg -I | ||||||||
Action | Arch | Red Hat/Fedora | Debian/Ubuntu | SUSE/openSUSE | Gentoo |