Difference between revisions of "Patching packages"
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{{Related articles start}} | {{Related articles start}} | ||
{{Related|ABS}} | {{Related|ABS}} | ||
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{{Related articles end}} | {{Related articles end}} | ||
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+ | {{Move|Patching Arch sources|Figure out some better title.|section=Deprecation of ABS}} | ||
+ | |||
This article covers how to create and how to apply patches to packages in the [[Arch Build System]] (ABS). | This article covers how to create and how to apply patches to packages in the [[Arch Build System]] (ABS). | ||
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# Change into the {{ic|package.orig}} directory and apply the patch using {{ic|patch -p1 < ../package.patch}}. Verify that the patch is working by building and installing the modified package with {{ic|makepkg -ei}}. | # Change into the {{ic|package.orig}} directory and apply the patch using {{ic|patch -p1 < ../package.patch}}. Verify that the patch is working by building and installing the modified package with {{ic|makepkg -ei}}. | ||
− | {{Note|You can also create patches with [[Git]] using {{ic|git diff}}.}} | + | {{Note|You can also create patches with [[Git]] using {{ic|git diff}} or {{ic|git format-patch}} [https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6658313/generate-a-git-patch-for-a-specific-commit].}} |
== Applying patches == | == Applying patches == | ||
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} | } | ||
− | Run {{ic|makepkg}} (from the terminal now). If all goes well, the patch will be automatically applied, and your new package will contain whatever changes were included in the patch. If not, you may have to experiment with the {{ic|-p}} option of patch. read {{ | + | Run {{ic|makepkg}} (from the terminal now). If all goes well, the patch will be automatically applied, and your new package will contain whatever changes were included in the patch. If not, you may have to experiment with the {{ic|-p}} option of patch. read {{man|1|patch}} for more information. |
Basically it works as follows. If the diff file was created to apply patches to files in {{ic|myversion/}}, the diff files will be applied to {{ic|myversion/file}}. You are running it from within the {{ic|yourversion/}} directory (because you cd would into that directory in the {{ic|PKGBUILD}}), so when patch applies the file, you want it to apply it to the file {{ic|file}}, taking off the {{ic|myversion/}} part. {{ic|-p1}} does this, by removing one directory from the path. However, if the developer patched in {{ic|myfiles/myversion}}, you need to remove two directories, so you use {{ic|-p2}}. | Basically it works as follows. If the diff file was created to apply patches to files in {{ic|myversion/}}, the diff files will be applied to {{ic|myversion/file}}. You are running it from within the {{ic|yourversion/}} directory (because you cd would into that directory in the {{ic|PKGBUILD}}), so when patch applies the file, you want it to apply it to the file {{ic|file}}, taking off the {{ic|myversion/}} part. {{ic|-p1}} does this, by removing one directory from the path. However, if the developer patched in {{ic|myfiles/myversion}}, you need to remove two directories, so you use {{ic|-p2}}. | ||
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== Using quilt == | == Using quilt == | ||
− | A simpler way to create patches is using {{Pkg|quilt}} which has better job to manage many patches, such as applying patches, refreshing patches, and reverting patched files to original state. {{Pkg|quilt}} is used on [ | + | A simpler way to create patches is using {{Pkg|quilt}} which has better job to manage many patches, such as applying patches, refreshing patches, and reverting patched files to original state. {{Pkg|quilt}} is used on [[debian:UsingQuilt|Debian]] to manage their patches. See [http://www.shakthimaan.com/downloads/glv/quilt-tutorial/quilt-doc.pdf Using Quilt] for basic information about basic quilt usage to generate, apply patches, and reverting patched files. |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* http://www.kegel.com/academy/opensource.html — Useful information on patching files | * http://www.kegel.com/academy/opensource.html — Useful information on patching files |
Revision as of 12:50, 19 November 2017
This article covers how to create and how to apply patches to packages in the Arch Build System (ABS).
Creating patches
A patch describes a set of line changes for one or multiple files. Patches are typically used to automate the changing of source code.
sed
instead.The diff
tool compares files line by line if you save its output you have got a patch, e.g. diff -ura foo bar > patch
. If you pass directories diff
will compare the files they contain.
- Delete the
src
directory if you have already built the package. - Run
makepkg -o
which will download and extract the source files, specified inPKGBUILD
, but not build them. - Create two copies of the extracted directory in the
src
directory, one as a pristine copy and one for your altered version. We will call thempackage.orig
andpackage.new
. - Make your changes in the
package.new
directory. - Run
diff -ura package.orig package.new --color
and check if the patch looks good. - Run
diff -ura package.orig package.new > package.patch
to create the patch. - Change into the
package.orig
directory and apply the patch usingpatch -p1 < ../package.patch
. Verify that the patch is working by building and installing the modified package withmakepkg -ei
.
Applying patches
This section outlines how to apply patches you created or downloaded from the Internet from within a PKGBUILD
's prepare()
function. Follow these steps:
- Add an entry to the
source
array of thePKGBUILD
for the patch file, separated from the original source url by a space. If the file is available online, you can provide the full URL and it will automatically be downloaded and placed in thesrc
directory. If it is a patch you created yourself, or is otherwise not available, you should place the patch file in the same directory as thePKGBUILD
file, and just add the name of the file to the source array so that it is copied into thesrc
directory. If you redistribute thePKGBUILD
, you should, of course, include the patch with thePKGBUILD
. - Then use
updpkgsums
to update themd5sums
array. Or manually add an entry to themd5sums
array; you can generate sum of your patch usingmd5sum
tool. - Create the
prepare()
function in thePKGBUILD
if one is not already present. - The first step is to change into the directory that needs to be patched (in the
prepare()
function, not on your terminal! You want to automate the process of applying the patch). You can do this with something likecd $srcdir/$pkgname-$pkgver
or something similar.$pkgname-$pkgver
is often the name of a directory created by untarring a downloaded source file, but not in all cases. - Now you simply need to apply the patch from within this directory. This is very simply done by adding
patch -p1 -i pkgname.patch
to your prepare()
function, changing pkgname.patch
to the name of the file containing the diff (the file that was automatically copied into your src
directory because it was in the source
array of the PKGBUILD
file).
An example prepare-function:
prepare() { cd $pkgname-$pkgver patch -Np1 -i "${srcdir}/eject.patch" }
Run makepkg
(from the terminal now). If all goes well, the patch will be automatically applied, and your new package will contain whatever changes were included in the patch. If not, you may have to experiment with the -p
option of patch. read patch(1) for more information.
Basically it works as follows. If the diff file was created to apply patches to files in myversion/
, the diff files will be applied to myversion/file
. You are running it from within the yourversion/
directory (because you cd would into that directory in the PKGBUILD
), so when patch applies the file, you want it to apply it to the file file
, taking off the myversion/
part. -p1
does this, by removing one directory from the path. However, if the developer patched in myfiles/myversion
, you need to remove two directories, so you use -p2
.
If you do not apply a -p option, it will take off all directory structure. This is ok if all the files are in the base directory, but if the patch was created on myversion/
and one of the edited files was myversion/src/file
, and you run the patch without a -p
option from within yourversion
, it will try to patch a file named yourversion/file
.
Most developers create patches from the parent directory of the directory that is being patched, so -p1
will usually be right.
Using quilt
A simpler way to create patches is using quilt which has better job to manage many patches, such as applying patches, refreshing patches, and reverting patched files to original state. quilt is used on Debian to manage their patches. See Using Quilt for basic information about basic quilt usage to generate, apply patches, and reverting patched files.
See also
- http://www.kegel.com/academy/opensource.html — Useful information on patching files