Benchmarking/Data storage devices

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Introduction

Several I/O benchmark options exist under Linux.

  • Using hddparm with the -Tt switch, one can time sequential reads. This method is independent of partition alignment!
  • There is a graphical benchmark called palimpsest contained in the gnome-disk-utility package that will give min/max/ave reads along with ave access time and a nice graphical display. This method is independent of partition alignment!
  • The dd utility can be used to measure both reads and writes. This method is dependent on partition alignment! In other words, if you failed to properly align your partitions, this fact will be seen here since you're writing and reading to a mounted filesystem.
  • Bonnie++

Using hdparm

# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdX
/dev/sdX:
Timing cached reads:   x MB in  y seconds = z MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:  x MB in  y seconds = z MB/sec
Note: One should run the above command 4-5 times and manually average the results for an accurate evaluation of read speed per the hddparm man page.

Using palimpsest

# palimpsest

Users will need to navigate through the GUI to the benchmark button.

Using dd

Note: This method requires the command to be executed from a mounted partition on the device of interest!

First, enter a directory on the SSD with at least 1.1 GB of free space (and one that obviously gives your user wrx permissions) and write a test file to measure write speeds and to give the device something to read: 

$ cd /path/to/SSD
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
w bytes (x GB) copied, y s, z MB/s

Next, clear the buffer-cache to accurately measure read speeds directly from the device: 

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
w bytes (x GB) copied, y s, z MB/s

Now that the last file is in the buffer, repeat the command to see the speed of the buffer-cache: 

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
w bytes (x GB) copied, y s, z GB/s
Note: One should run the above command 4-5 times and manually average the results for an accurate evaluation of the buffer read speed.

Finally, delete the temp file 

$ rm tempfile

Model Specific Data

Please contribute to this section using the template below to post results obtained.

See here for a nice database of benchmarks.

Template

  • SSD:
  • Model Number:
  • Firmware Version:
  • Capacity: x GB
  • User:
  • Kernel:

[*Filesystem: write something about your FS, optional] [*Notes: additional Notes, optional] 

# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdx

Minimum Read Rate: x MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: x MB/s
Average Read Rate: x MS/s
Average Access Time x ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024

Results

Table

All values are taken from the dd "benchmark". This is just an overview and has no scientific use.

User Vendor Model Capacity [GB] Write [MB/sec] Read [MB/sec] Re-Read [MB/sec]
jac Crucial C300 128 138 372 6500
lynix Crucial M4 128 193 268 6800
wzyboy Crucial M4 64 113 276 3400
dundee Intel 310 Soda Creek 40 44.2 197 4200
Cirk Intel X18-M (G2) 160 103 263 2700
Graysky Intel X25-M (G2) 80 80.6 268 6300
fackamato Intel X25-M (G2) 160 98 262 3000
Cirk Intel X25-M (G2) 80 70 208 4200
timo.hardebusch Intel X25-M (G2) 120 106 265 2900
Graysky OCZ Vertex 4 SATA 3 128 228 394 -
Graysky OCZ Vertex 4 SATA 2 128 251 284 -
Surfed OCZ Vertex 60 142 236 5200
Sputnick OCZ Vertex 3 120 245 225 4600
ScottKidder OCZ Vertex Turbo 30 49 115 2600
longint OCZ Vertex 2 240 852? 241 3400
muflone OCZ Vertex 3 120 377 291 10300
bardo OCZ Agility 3 120 445 455 8200
Cirk Samsung MMCQE28GFMUP-MVA 128 45 99 2300
skylinux Samsung 470 64 188 204 1000
kevincodux Samsung 830 128 313 525 9000
Dani Sandisk Extreme 240 481 414 6000
Artsibash Kingston HyperX 120 451 431 8600
Tuxe Kingston SSDNow V+100 128 110 232 3300
thof Kingston SNV425-S2BD 128 164 260 3000

Corsair

Corsair Force 3

  • SSD: Corsair Force 3 120gb (SATA 3)
  • Model Number: Corsair Force 3 SSD
  • Firmware Version: 1.3.3
  • Capacity: 120 GB
  • User: bserem
  • Kernel: 3.4.9
  • Filesystem: BTRFS
  • Notes: , Systemd, UEFI (with a small FAT uefi partition at the beggining of the disk)
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   28232 MB in  2.00 seconds = 14137.02 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1164 MB in  3.01 seconds = 387.33 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 388.04 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 387.13 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 387.252 MS/s


Crucial

Crucial C300

  • SSD: Crucial C300 (SATA 3: 6Gb/s)
  • Model Number: CTFDDAC128MAG-1G1
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: jac
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   24112 MB in  2.00 seconds = 12072.84 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1056 MB in  3.00 seconds = 351.58 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 350.88 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 351.58 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 351.264 MB/s

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 7.77883 s, 138 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.88752 s, 372 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.164471 s, 6.5 GB/s

Crucial M4

  • SSD: Crucial M4 (SATA 3: 6Gb/s)
  • Model Number: M4-CT128M4SSD2 (Firmware: 0009)
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: lynix
  • Filesystem: ext4 on LVM
  • Notes: connected to SATAII 3Gb/s port while benchmarking. firmware matters!
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sde
/dev/sde:
Timing cached reads:   19094 MB in  2.00 seconds = 9559.40 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 786 MB in  3.00 seconds = 261.63 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 271.7 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 381.7 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 279.0 MB/s

Minimum Write Rate: 58.6 MB/s
Maximum Write Rate: 258.9 MB/s
Average Write Rate: 194.8 MB/s

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 5.57478 s, 193 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.00688 s, 268 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.157567 s, 6.8 GB/s

Intel

Intel 310 Soda Creek

  • SSD: Intel 310 Soda Creek
  • Model Number: SSDMAEMC040G2
  • Firmware Version: 2CV1023M
  • Capacity: 40 GB
  • User: dundee
  • Filesystem: ext4
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb: 

Timing cached reads:   6278 MB in  2.00 seconds = 3141.39 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:  784 MB in  3.00 seconds = 260.96 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 189.7 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 281.1 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 277.1 MS/s
Minimum Write Rate: 30.3 MB/s
Maximum Write Rate: 44.6 MB/s
Average Write Rate: 43.8 MS/s

Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.3013 s, 44.2 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 5.45325 s, 197 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.255569 s, 4.2 GB/s

Intel X18-M (G2)

  • SSD: Intel X18-M Generation 2
  • Model Number: SSDSA1M1602GN
  • Capacity: 160 GB
  • User: Cirk
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   2826 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1414.39 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 694 MB in  3.00 seconds = 231.14 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 216.1 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 283.5 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 271.2 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 10.4608 s, 103 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.0866 s, 263 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.403244 s, 2.7 GB/s

Intel X25-M (G2)

  • SSD: Intel X25-M Generation 2
  • Model Number: SSDSA2MH080G2R5
  • Capacity: 80 GB
  • User: Graysky
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
Timing cached reads:   15644 MB in  1.99 seconds = 7845.48 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:  788 MB in  3.00 seconds = 262.52 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 253.6 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 286.1 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 282.6 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 13.3236 s, 80.6 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.00297 s, 268 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.169713 s, 6.3 GB/s

Intel X25-M (G2)

  • SSD: Intel X25-M Generation 2
  • Model Number: SSDSA2M160G2GC
  • Capacity: 160 GB
  • User: fackamato
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   2890 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1445.86 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 738 MB in  3.00 seconds = 245.69 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 244.3 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 278.6 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 273.3 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 10.8582 s, 98.9 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.09679 s, 262 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.363709 s, 3.0 GB/s

Intel X25-M (G2)

  • SSD: Intel X25-M Generation 2
  • Model Number: SSDSA2M080G2C
  • Capacity: 80 GB
  • User: Cirk
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   9384 MB in  2.00 seconds = 4694.29 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 808 MB in  3.01 seconds = 268.64 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 229.9 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 281.6 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 272.4 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 15.1671 s, 70.8 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 5.15237 s, 208 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.256211 s, 4.2 GB/s

Intel X25-M (G2)

  • SSD: Intel X25-M Generation 2
  • Model Number: SSDSA2MH120G2K5
  • Capacity: 120 GB
  • User: timo.hardebusch
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
Timing cached reads:   4358 MB in  2.00 seconds = 2178.89 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads:  752 MB in  3.01 seconds = 250.07 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 259.1 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 283.3 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 280.6 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 10.1452 s, 106 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.05181 s, 265 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.369308 s, 2.9 GB/s

OCZ

OCZ-VERTEX 4 128 GB

  • SSD:OCZ Vertex 4
  • Model Number: VTX4-25SAT3 - firmware 1.5
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: Graysky
In SATA3 Controller
#  hdparm -Tt /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   33756 MB in  2.00 seconds = 16902.49 MB/sec

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.9279 s, 367 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.49942 s, 430 MB/s
In SATA2 Controller
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   15842 MB in  2.00 seconds = 7930.79 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 814 MB in  3.00 seconds = 271.02 MB/sec

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.28493 s, 251 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.78546 s, 284 MB/s

OCZ-VERTEX 60gb

  • SSD:OCZ-VERTEX
  • Model Number:Firmware 1.5
  • Capacity: 60 GB
  • User:Surfed
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   16306 MB in  2.00 seconds = 8162.55 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 646 MB in  3.00 seconds = 215.09 MB/sec



Minimum Read Rate: 226.7 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 275.2 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 256.9 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 7.5581 s, 142 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.55881 s, 236 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.205299 s, 5.2 GB/s

OCZ-VERTEX3 120GO

  • SSD:OCZ-VERTEX3
  • Firmware Version:2.06
  • Capacity: 6Gb/s SATA III
  • User:User:Sputnick
  • Notes: tested on SATA II 3Gb/s Dell Optiplex 780 motherboard 0C27VV
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdc

/dev/sdc:
Timing cached reads:   13702 MB in  2.00 seconds = 6859.89 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 644 MB in  3.00 seconds = 214.40 MB/sec



$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 enregistrements lus
1024+0 enregistrements écrits
1073741824 octets (1,1 GB) copiés, 4,37831 s, 245 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 enregistrements lus
1024+0 enregistrements écrits
1073741824 octets (1,1 GB) copiés, 4,76932 s, 225 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 enregistrements lus
1024+0 enregistrements écrits
1073741824 octets (1,1 GB) copiés, 0,234682 s, 4,6 GB/s

OCZ-VERTEX-TURBO 30gb

  • SSD:OCZ-VERTEX-TURBO
  • Model Number:Firmware 1.5
  • Capacity: 30 GB
  • User:ScottKidder
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   6286 MB in  2.00 seconds = 3149.62 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 630 MB in  3.01 seconds = 209.10 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 211.8 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 254.1 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 249.2 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 21.5437 s, 49.8 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 9.34704 s, 115 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.40667 s, 2.6 GB/s

OCZ-VERTEX2 240GB

  • SSD: OCZ
  • Model Number: Vertex2
  • Capacity: 240GB
  • User: longint
  • Filesystem: btrfs compression=lzo,space_cache
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   10972 MB in  2.00 seconds = 5489.70 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 648 MB in  3.00 seconds = 215.96 MB/sec

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 1.26013 s, 852 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.45112 s, 241 MB/s

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.320492 s, 3.4 GB/s

OCZ-VERTEX3 120GB

  • SSD:OCZ-VERTEX3 SATA III
  • Firmware Version:2.13
  • Capacity: 120 GB
  • Filesystem: ext4 with discard and commit=60
  • User:muflone
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sdc
/dev/sdc:
Timing cached reads:   23870 MB in  2.00 seconds = 11950.12 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 866 MB in  3.00 seconds = 288.36 MB/sec

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.85159 s, 377 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.6931 s, 291 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.10383 s, 10.3 GB/s

OCZ-AGILITY3 120GB

  • SSD:OCZ-AGILITY3 SATA III
  • Firmware Version:2.15
  • Capacity: 120 GB
  • Filesystem: ext4 with discard
  • User:bardo
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   27738 MB in  2.00 seconds = 13889.38 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1158 MB in  3.01 seconds = 385.08 MB/sec

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.41537 s, 445 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.35961 s, 455 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.130664 s, 8.2 GB/s

Samsung

SAMSUNG 128GB / SATAII

  • SSD: SAMSUNG 128GB / SATAII
  • Model Number: MMCQE28GFMUP-MVA
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: Cirk
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   2612 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1307.40 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 294 MB in  3.01 seconds =  97.67 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 108.7 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 114.5 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 113.7 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.2 ms

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 23.7352 s, 45.2 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 10.7563 s, 99.8 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.464824 s, 2.3 GB/s

SAMSUNG 470 64GB

  • SSD: SAMSUNG 470 64GB
  • Model Number: MZ-5PA064/US
  • Firmware: AXM070Q1
  • Capacity: 64 GB
  • User: skylinux
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   1736 MB in  2.00 seconds = 868.62 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 516 MB in  3.00 seconds = 171.87 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 276.5 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 278.8 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 278.2 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.2 ms

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 5.69714 s, 188 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 5.25116 s, 204 MB/s

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 1.05824 s, 1.0 GB/s

SAMSUNG 830 128GB

  • SSD: SAMSUNG 830 128GB
  • Model Number: MZ-7PC128D
  • Firmware: CXM03B1Q
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: kevincodux
  • Filesystem: ext4,discard,noatime
  • Notes: SATAIII, partitions aligned and no swap
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   22130 MB in  2.00 seconds = 11080.54 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1500 MB in  3.00 seconds = 499.38 MB/sec

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.42567 s, 313 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.04691 s, 525 MB/s

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.119695 s, 9.0 GB/s

SAMSUNG 830 256GB

  • SSD: SAMSUNG 830 256GB
  • Model Number: MZ-7PC256
  • Firmware Version: CXM03B1Q
  • Capacity: 256 GB
  • User: Revelation
  • Kernel: 3.5.4
  • Filesystem: ext4
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   15888 MB in  2.00 seconds = 7952.13 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1464 MB in  3.00 seconds = 488.00 MB/sec

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3,15782 s, 340 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2,08421 s, 515 MB/s

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.119695 s, 6.2 GB/s

Sandisk

Sandisk Extreme

  • SSD: Sandisk Extreme (SATA 3: 6Gb/s)
  • Model Number: SDSSDX240GG25
  • Capacity: 240 GB
  • User: Dani
# sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   11596 MB in  2.00 seconds = 5802.26 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1190 MB in  3.00 seconds = 396.16 MB/sec

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.23003 s, 481 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.5909 s, 414 MB/s

$ dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.177952 s, 6.0 GB/s

Kingston

Kingston HyperX 120 GB

  • SSD: Kingston HyperX 120 GB
  • Model Number: SH100S3120G
  • Firmware: 320ABBF0
  • Capacity: 120 GB
  • User: Artsibash
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   26564 MB in  2.00 seconds = 13296.53 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1130 MB in  3.00 seconds = 376.16 MB/sec

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.37858 s, 451 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.48961 s, 431 MB/s

# dd if=/tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.125463 s, 8.6 GB/s

Kingston HyperX 3K 120GB

  • SSD: Kingston HyperX 3K 120GB (MLC/Intel synchronous ONFi NAND/LSI SandForce SF-2281 25nm controller/SATA3/2.5")
  • Model Number: SH103S3120G
  • Firmware: 501ABBF0
  • Capacity: 120 GB
  • Misc: Intel DQ77MK mobo SATA3 port, linux 3.5.4-1, ext4 (has_journal + discard,noatime)
  • User: MajorTom
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   15382 MB in  2.00 seconds = 7702.01 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1442 MB in  3.00 seconds = 480.39 MB/sec

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.06937 s, 519 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.58996 s, 415 MB/s

# dd if=/tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.207434 s, 5.2 GB/s

Kingston SSDNow V+100 128 GB

  • SSD: Kingston SSDNow v+100 128 GB
  • Model Number: SVP100S2128G
  • Firmware: CJRA0202
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: Tuxe
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   11598 MB in  1.99 seconds = 5822.73 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 598 MB in  3.01 seconds = 198.90 MB/sec

Minimum Read Rate: 145.8 MB/s
Maximum Read Rate: 259.2 MB/s
Average Read Rate: 243.5 MB/s
Average Access Time 0.1 ms

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 9.74199 s, 110 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.62165 s, 232 MB/s

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.330142 s, 3.3 GB/s

Kingston SNV425-S2BD 128GB

  • SSD: Kingston SNV425-S2BD/128GB
  • Model Number: SNV425S2128GB
  • Firmware: C09112a6
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: thof
  • Filesystem: ext4
  • Kernel: 3.3.4
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
Timing cached reads:   3614 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1808.83 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 736 MB in  3.01 seconds = 244.91 MB/sec

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 6.5301 s, 164 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.1377 s, 260 MB/s

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.363142 s, 3.0 GB/s

Encrypted Partitions

This section should show some data for encrypted partitions.

dm-crypt with AES

Please list your CPU and if you are using AES-NI. Without AES-NI support in the CPU, the processor will be the bottleneck long before you touch the >500MB/s SSD speeds.

i7-620M Benchmark

  • ~570 MB/s :With AES-NI
  • ~100 MB/s :Without AES-NI

i5-3210M

  • ~500 MB/s :With AES-NI
  • ~200 MB/s :Without AES-NI

Crucial

The crucial drive does not use any compression to reach its speeds, so it is expected to be fast.

Crucial M4 256 Gb

  • User: crobe
  • Filesystem: ext4 on dm-crypt
  • Running Sata 6 Gbit/s on an older 3 Gbit/s controller
  • Comment: The drive is faster on writing ( on fresh space ), which has been observed on the internet. Maybe this is the maximum of my machine.
# cryptsetup status
type:    LUKS1
cipher:  aes-xts-plain
keysize: 256 bits

# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   3012 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1507.62 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 558 MB in  3.00 seconds = 185.93 MB/sec
# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 Datensätze ein
1024+0 Datensätze aus
1073741824 Bytes (1,1 GB) kopiert, 7,86539 s, 137 MB/s
# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 Datensätze ein
1024+0 Datensätze aus
1073741824 Bytes (1,1 GB) kopiert, 9,78325 s, 110 MB/s

OCZ

The OCZ Drives use compression on Data, so with uncompressible encrypted Data, speeds are expected to be way lower. Still, seek times should be as low as ever and the drive shouldn't get slower when it gets full, so there should be enough speed.

OCZ-VERTEX2 180GB

  • SSD: OCZ
  • Model Number: Vertex2
  • Capacity: 180Gb
  • User: crobe
  • Filesystem: ext4 on dm-crypt with AES, essiv, sha256
  • The bottleneck for the read/write speeds is definately the drive
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   2842 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1422.61 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 550 MB in  3.00 seconds = 183.26 MB/sec
# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 Datensätze ein
1024+0 Datensätze aus
1073741824 Bytes (1,1 GB) kopiert, 16,9194 s, 63,5 MB/s
# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 Datensätze ein
1024+0 Datensätze aus
1073741824 Bytes (1,1 GB) kopiert, 14,5509 s, 73,8 MB/s

Same values for bonnie++.

Samsung

SAMSUNG 470 128GB

  • SSD: SAMSUNG 470 128GB
  • Firmware: AXM09B1Q
  • Capacity: 128 GB
  • User: FredericChopin
# cryptsetup status
type:    LUKS1
cipher:  aes-xts-plain
keysize: 512 bits
offset:  8192 sectors

# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   3226 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1614.42 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 570 MB in  3.00 seconds = 189.84 MB/sec
# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 9.62518 s, 112 MB/s
# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 9.34282 s, 115 MB/s

SAMSUNG 830 256GB

  • SSD: Samsung 830 256GB
  • Model Number: MZ-7PC256B/WW
  • Firmware Version: CXM03BQ1
  • Capacity: 256 GB
  • User: stefseel
  • Kernel: 3.4.6-1-ARCH (with aesni_intel module)
  • Filesystem: ext4 (relatime,discard) over LVM2 over dm-crypt/LUKS (allow-discards)
  • System: Lenovo ThinkPad T430 (i5-3210M)
# hdparm -Tt /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
Timing cached reads:   15000 MB in  2.00 seconds = 7500 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 1470 MB in  3.00 seconds = 490 MB/sec

With default Arch settings with installed pm-utils: JOURNAL_COMMIT_TIME_AC=0, DRIVE_READAHEAD_AC=256 

# dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.62668 s, 300 MB/s

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.07337 s, 170 MB/s

# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.154298 s, 7.0 GB/s

What annoyed me was the poor read performance. I observed that in battery mode with unplugged AC the read rate was 500 MB/s. I did some research and found out that pm-utils is to blame. In AC mode it sets journal commit time to zero and readahead to 256 whereas in battery mode it sets journal commit time to 600 and readahead to 3072. See scripts /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/journal-commit and /usr/lib/pm-utils/power.d/readahead. So I added a custom config to set journal commit time always to 600 and readahead always to 4096, the result made me happy :) 

# cat /etc/pm/config.d/config
DRIVE_READAHEAD_AC=4096
DRIVE_READAHEAD_BAT=4096
JOURNAL_COMMIT_TIME_AC=600
JOURNAL_COMMIT_TIME_BAT=600

# echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
# dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 2.15534 s, 500 MB/s

However there is still an issue: after resuming from suspend read rate goes down to 270 MB/s.


SAMSUNG 830 256GB

  • User: hunterthompson
  • SSD: SAMSUNG 830 256GB
  • Model Number: ??? up-to-date as of Q2 2012
  • Capacity: 256 GB
  • System: Thinkpad X230, 16GB PC-1600 CL9 Kingston HyperX
  • CPU: i7-3520M, AES-NI, Hyper-Threaded, 2.9GHz-3.6GHz, Steady 3.4GHz with all 4 threads 100%
  • Kernel: x86_64 linux-grsec 3.5.4-1-grsec (Desktop, Virt, Host, KVM, Performance)
  • Encryption: Full Disk, LVM2 on LUKS dm-crypt, Allow-Discards
  • Cryptsetup: -h sha512 -c aes-xts-plain64 -y -s 512 luksFormat --align-payload=8192
  • Filesystem: mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 -E stride=128,stripe-width=128 /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-lvolhome
  • fstab: ext4,rw,noatime,nodiratime,discard,stripe=128,data=ordered,errors=remount-ro
  • Notes: SATAIII, partitions aligned and no swap
% dd bs=1M count=1024 if=7600_Retail_Ultimate_DVD.iso  of=/dev/null conv=fdatasync
dd: fsync failed for ‘/dev/null’: Invalid argument
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.42075 s, 314 MB/s

% dd bs=1M count=1024 if=/dev/zero of=test conv=fdatasync
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.48574 s, 308 MB/s

% dd bs=1M count=1024 if=/dev/zero of=test conv=fdatasync
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.45361 s, 311 MB/s

% dd bs=1M count=1024 if=/dev/zero of=test conv=fdatasync
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 3.44276 s, 312 MB/s

Truecrypt

Comparison - high end SCSI RAID 0 hard drive benchmark

LSI 320-2X Megaraid SCSI

  • SSD: N/A
  • Model Number: LSI MegaRAID 320-2x RAID 0 x 2 Seagate Cheetah ST373455LC 15,000 RPM 146GB drives
  • Capacity: 292Gb
  • User: rabinnh
  • Filesystem: ext4 on x86_64
  • Comment: No, this is not an SSD, but Googlers should have a reasonable basis for comparison to a high end hard drive system, and you won't get much higher end for an individual workstation. The cost of this disk subsystem is conservatively $760, and it gives at best half the performance of most SSDs.
$sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda2
/dev/sda2:
 Timing cached reads:   6344 MB in  2.00 seconds = 3174.02 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 442 MB in  3.01 seconds = 146.97 MB/sec
$dd if=/dev/zero of=tempfile bs=1M count=1024 conv=fdatasync,notrunc
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 7.13482 s, 150 MB/s

$echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
$dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 7.24267 s, 148 MB/s
$dd if=tempfile of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.459814 s, 2.3 GB/s
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