Difference between revisions of "Samba"
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[[Category:Networking]] | [[Category:Networking]] | ||
[[cs:Samba]] | [[cs:Samba]] | ||
+ | [[de:Samba]] | ||
[[da:Samba]] | [[da:Samba]] | ||
[[es:Samba]] | [[es:Samba]] | ||
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[[zh-CN:Samba]] | [[zh-CN:Samba]] | ||
[[zh-TW:Samba]] | [[zh-TW:Samba]] | ||
+ | [[ja:Samba]] | ||
{{Article summary start|Summary}} | {{Article summary start|Summary}} | ||
{{Article summary text|Installing, configuring and troubleshooting Samba}} | {{Article summary text|Installing, configuring and troubleshooting Samba}} | ||
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{{Article summary end}} | {{Article summary end}} | ||
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− | + | '''Samba''' is a re-implementation of the SMB/CIFS networking protocol, it facilitates file and printer sharing among Linux and Windows systems as an alternative to [[NFS]]. Some users say that Samba is easily configured and that operation is very straight-forward. However, many new users run into problems with its complexity and non-intuitive mechanism. It is strongly suggested that the user stick close to the following directions. | |
− | + | ==Required packages== | |
+ | ===Server=== | ||
+ | To share files with Samba, install {{Pkg|samba}}, from the [[Official Repositories]]. | ||
− | + | ===Client=== | |
+ | Only {{Pkg|smbclient}} is required to access files from a Samba/SMB/CIFS server. It is also available from the Official Repositories. | ||
− | == | + | ==Server configuration== |
− | + | The {{ic|/etc/samba/smb.conf}} file must be created before starting the service. Once that is set up, users may opt for using an advanced configuration interface like SWAT. | |
− | The {{ic|/etc/samba/smb.conf}} file must be created before starting the | ||
As root, copy the default Samba configuration file to {{ic|/etc/samba/smb.conf}}: | As root, copy the default Samba configuration file to {{ic|/etc/samba/smb.conf}}: | ||
{{bc|# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf.default /etc/samba/smb.conf}} | {{bc|# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf.default /etc/samba/smb.conf}} | ||
− | Edit {{ic|smb.conf}}. The default | + | ===Creating a share=== |
+ | Edit {{ic|/etc/samba/smb.conf}}, scroll down to the '''Share Definitions''' section. The default configuration automatically creates a share for each user's home directory. It also creates a share for printers by default. | ||
− | More information about | + | There are a number of commented sample configurations included. More information about available options for shared resources can be found in {{ic|man smb.conf}}. [http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/man/manpages-3/smb.conf.5.html Here] is the on-line version. |
− | To | + | ===Adding a user=== |
+ | To log into a Samba share, a samba user is needed. The user '''must''' already have a [[Users and Groups|Linux user account]] with the same name on the server, otherwise running the next command will fail: | ||
+ | # pdbedit -a -u <user> | ||
− | + | {{Note|As of version 3.4.0, smbpasswd is no longer used by default. Existing smbpasswd databases can be [[Samba/Troubleshooting#Changes_in_Samba_version_3.4.0|converted to the new format]]}} | |
− | |||
− | + | === Web-based configuration (SWAT)=== | |
− | + | '''SWAT''' (Samba Web Administration Tool) is a facility that is part of the Samba suite. Whether or not to use this tool remains a matter of personal preference. It does allow for quick configuration and has context-sensitive help for each {{ic|smb.conf}} parameter. SWAT also provides an interface for monitoring of current state of connection(s), and allows network-wide MS Windows network password management. | |
− | + | {{Warning|Before using SWAT, be warned that SWAT will completely replace {{ic|/etc/samba/smb.conf}} with a fully optimized file that has been stripped of all comments, and only non-default settings will be written to the file.}} | |
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− | {{Warning|Before using SWAT, be warned that SWAT will completely replace {{ic|smb.conf}} with a fully optimized file that has been stripped of all comments , and only non-default settings will be written to the file.}} | ||
To use SWAT, first install {{Pkg|xinetd}}, available in the [[Official Repositories]]. | To use SWAT, first install {{Pkg|xinetd}}, available in the [[Official Repositories]]. | ||
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Edit {{ic|/etc/xinetd.d/swat}}. To enable SWAT, change the {{ic|1=disable = yes}} line to {{ic|1=disable = no}}. | Edit {{ic|/etc/xinetd.d/swat}}. To enable SWAT, change the {{ic|1=disable = yes}} line to {{ic|1=disable = no}}. | ||
− | {{ | + | {{hc|/etc/xinetd.d/swat|<nowiki> |
service swat | service swat | ||
{ | { | ||
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log_on_failure += HOST | log_on_failure += HOST | ||
disable = no | disable = no | ||
− | } | + | }</nowiki>}} |
− | </nowiki> | ||
− | }} | ||
Alternatively, add an entry for swat to {{ic|/etc/services}} and omit the first 3 lines of the configuration. | Alternatively, add an entry for swat to {{ic|/etc/services}} and omit the first 3 lines of the configuration. | ||
− | Then start xinetd [[daemon]]. | + | Then start the "xinetd" [[Daemons|daemon]]. |
The web interface can be accessed on port 901 by default: | The web interface can be accessed on port 901 by default: | ||
{{ic|http://localhost:901/}} | {{ic|http://localhost:901/}} | ||
− | + | {{Note|An all-encompasing [[Webmin]] tool is also available, and the SWAT module can be loaded there.}} | |
− | |||
− | + | === Starting the service === | |
+ | Start/enable Samba via the '''smbd''' and '''nmbd''' [[daemon]]s. | ||
− | + | ==Client configuration== | |
+ | Shared resources from other computers on the LAN may be accessed and mounted locally by GUI or CLI methods. The graphical manner is limited since most lightweight Desktop Environments do not have a native way to facilitate accessing these shared resources. | ||
− | + | There are two parts to share access. First is the underlying file system mechanism, and second is the interface which allows the user to select to mount shared resources. Some environments have the first part built into them. | |
− | |||
− | + | ===Manual mounting=== | |
+ | Install {{pkg|smbclient}} from the [[Official Repositories]]. | ||
− | + | To list public shares on a server: | |
− | + | {{bc|$ smbclient -L <hostname> -U%}} | |
− | + | Create a mount point for the share: | |
+ | {{bc|# mkdir /mnt/MOUNTPOINT}} | ||
− | + | Mount the share using the {{ic|mount.cifs}} type. Not all the options listed below are needed or desirable (ie. {{ic|password}}). | |
+ | {{bc|# <nowiki>mount -t cifs //SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT -o user=USERNAME,password=PASSWORD,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP</nowiki>}} | ||
+ | {{ic|'''SERVER'''}} | ||
+ | :The Windows system name. | ||
+ | {{ic|'''SHARENAME'''}} | ||
+ | :The shared directory. | ||
+ | {{ic|'''MOUNTPOINT'''}} | ||
+ | :The local directory where the share will be mounted. | ||
+ | {{ic|'''-o <nowiki>[options]</nowiki>'''}} | ||
+ | :See {{ic|man mount.cifs}} for more information: | ||
+ | {{Note|Abstain from using a trailing '''/'''. {{ic|//SERVER/SHARENAME'''/'''}} will not work.}} | ||
+ | ====Add Share to /etc/fstab==== | ||
+ | The simplest way to add an fstab entry is something like this: | ||
+ | {{hc|/etc/fstab|<nowiki> | ||
+ | //SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs noauto,username=USER,password=PASSWORD,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP 0 0</nowiki>}} | ||
+ | However, storing passwords in a world readable file is not recommended! A safer method would be to use a credentials file. As an example, create a file and {{ic|chmod 600 <filename>}} so only the owning user can read and write to it. It should contain the following information: | ||
+ | {{hc|/path/to/credentials/sambacreds|<nowiki> | ||
+ | username=USERNAME | ||
+ | password=PASSWORD</nowiki>}} | ||
+ | and the line in your fstab should look something like this: | ||
+ | {{hc|/etc/fstab|<nowiki> | ||
+ | //SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs noauto,username=USER,credentials=/path/to/credentials/sambacreds,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP 0 0</nowiki>}} | ||
+ | If using '''systemd''' (modern installations), one can utilize the '''comment=systemd.automount''' option, which speeds up service boot by a few seconds. Also, one can map current user and group to make life a bit easier, utilizing '''uid''' and '''gid''' options: | ||
+ | {{hc|/etc/fstab|<nowiki>//SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs noauto,credentials=/path/to/smbcredentials,comment=systemd.automount,uid=USERNAME,gid=USERGROUP 0 0</nowiki>}} | ||
− | + | ====User mounting==== | |
+ | {{hc|/etc/fstab|<nowiki>//SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs users,noauto,credentials=/path/to/smbcredentials,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP 0 0</nowiki>}} | ||
+ | {{note|Note: The option is user'''s''' (plural). For other filesystem types handled by mount, this option is usually ''user''; sans the "'''s'''".}} | ||
− | + | This will allow users to mount it as long as the mount point resides in a directory controllable by the user; i.e. the user's home. For users to be allowed to mount and unmount the Samba shares with mount points that they do not own, use [[Samba#smbnetfs|smbnetfs]], or grant privileges using [[sudo]]. | |
− | |||
− | === | + | ===Automatic Mounting=== |
− | There are | + | There are several ways to easily browse shared resources: |
+ | ====smbnetfs==== | ||
+ | Install {{pkg|smbnetfs}}, from the [[Official Repositories]]. | ||
− | + | Add the following line to {{ic|/etc/fuse.conf}}: | |
+ | {{bc|user_allow_other}} | ||
+ | and load the {{ic|fuse}} [[kernel module]]: | ||
+ | {{bc|# modprobe fuse}} | ||
− | + | If a username and a password are required to access some of the shared folders, edit /etc/smbnetfs/.smb/smbnetfs.conf and uncomment the line starting with "auth": | |
− | + | {{hc|/etc/smbnetfs/.smb/smbnetfs.conf| | |
− | + | auth "hostname" "username" "password" | |
+ | }} | ||
− | + | Make sure to {{ic|chmod 600 /etc/smbnetfs/.smb/smbnetfs.conf}}, and any include files for smbnetfs to work correctly. | |
− | |||
− | ===== | + | ===== Daemon ===== |
− | + | Start and enable the '''smbnetfs''' [[daemon]]. | |
− | |||
− | |||
− | |||
− | + | ====fusesmb==== | |
− | + | {{Note|1=Because {{ic|smbclient 3.2.X}} is malfunctioning with {{ic|fusesmb}}, revert to using older versions if necessary. See the [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=58434 relevant forum topic] for details.}} | |
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− | {{Note|1=Because {{ic|smbclient 3.2.X}} is malfunctioning with {{ic|fusesmb}}, revert to using older versions if necessary. See the [ | ||
# Install {{AUR|fusesmb}}, available in the [[Arch User Repository]]. | # Install {{AUR|fusesmb}}, available in the [[Arch User Repository]]. | ||
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# Mount the shares: {{bc|# fusesmb -o allow_other /mnt/fusesmb}} | # Mount the shares: {{bc|# fusesmb -o allow_other /mnt/fusesmb}} | ||
− | ==== | + | ====autofs==== |
See [[Autofs]] for information on the kernel-based automounter for Linux. | See [[Autofs]] for information on the kernel-based automounter for Linux. | ||
− | ==== | + | ===File Manager Configuration=== |
− | + | ====Nautilus==== | |
− | + | In order to access samba shares through Nautilus, install the {{pkg|gvfs-smb}} and {{pkg|gnome-vfs}} packages, available in the [[Official Repositories]]. | |
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− | + | Press {{keypress|Ctrl+L}} and enter {{ic|smb://servername/share}} in the location bar to access your share. | |
− | + | The mounted share is likely to be present at {{ic|/run/user/<your UID>/gvfs}} in the filesystem. | |
− | |||
− | + | ====Thunar and pcmanfm==== | |
− | + | For access using Thunar or pcmanfm, install {{pkg|gvfs-smb}}, available in the Official Repositories. | |
− | + | Go to {{ic|smb://servername/share}}, to access your share. | |
− | |||
− | + | ====KDE==== | |
− | + | KDE, has the ability to browse Samba shares built in. Therefore do not need any additional packages. However, for a GUI in the KDE System Settings, install the {{pkg|kdenetwork-filesharing}} package from the [[Official Repositories]] | |
− | |||
− | + | ====Other Graphical Environments==== | |
+ | There are a number of useful programs, but they may need to have packages created for them. This can be done with the Arch package build system. The good thing about these others is that they do not require a particular environment to be installed to support them, and so they bring along less baggage. | ||
− | + | * {{pkg|pyneighborhood}} is available in the [[Official Repositories]]. | |
− | + | * LinNeighborhood, RUmba, xffm-samba plugin for Xffm are not available in the official repositories or the [[AUR]]. As they are not officially (or even unofficially supported), they may be obsolete and may not work at all. | |
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
− | * [ | + | * [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Tips and tricks|Tips and tricks]] - A dedicated page for alternate configurations and suggestions. |
+ | * [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Troubleshooting|Troubleshooting]] - A dedicated page for solving common (or not so common) issues. | ||
* [http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/SambaIntro.html Samba: An Introduction] | * [http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/SambaIntro.html Samba: An Introduction] | ||
+ | * [http://www.samba.org/ Official Samba site] |
Revision as of 16:36, 24 February 2013
zh-CN:Samba zh-TW:SambaTemplate:Article summary start Template:Article summary text Template:Article summary heading Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary wiki Template:Article summary end
Samba is a re-implementation of the SMB/CIFS networking protocol, it facilitates file and printer sharing among Linux and Windows systems as an alternative to NFS. Some users say that Samba is easily configured and that operation is very straight-forward. However, many new users run into problems with its complexity and non-intuitive mechanism. It is strongly suggested that the user stick close to the following directions.
Required packages
Server
To share files with Samba, install samba, from the Official Repositories.
Client
Only smbclient is required to access files from a Samba/SMB/CIFS server. It is also available from the Official Repositories.
Server configuration
The /etc/samba/smb.conf
file must be created before starting the service. Once that is set up, users may opt for using an advanced configuration interface like SWAT.
As root, copy the default Samba configuration file to /etc/samba/smb.conf
:
# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf.default /etc/samba/smb.conf
Edit /etc/samba/smb.conf
, scroll down to the Share Definitions section. The default configuration automatically creates a share for each user's home directory. It also creates a share for printers by default.
There are a number of commented sample configurations included. More information about available options for shared resources can be found in man smb.conf
. Here is the on-line version.
Adding a user
To log into a Samba share, a samba user is needed. The user must already have a Linux user account with the same name on the server, otherwise running the next command will fail:
# pdbedit -a -u <user>
Web-based configuration (SWAT)
SWAT (Samba Web Administration Tool) is a facility that is part of the Samba suite. Whether or not to use this tool remains a matter of personal preference. It does allow for quick configuration and has context-sensitive help for each smb.conf
parameter. SWAT also provides an interface for monitoring of current state of connection(s), and allows network-wide MS Windows network password management.
/etc/samba/smb.conf
with a fully optimized file that has been stripped of all comments, and only non-default settings will be written to the file.To use SWAT, first install xinetd, available in the Official Repositories.
Edit /etc/xinetd.d/swat
. To enable SWAT, change the disable = yes
line to disable = no
.
/etc/xinetd.d/swat
service swat { type = UNLISTED protocol = tcp port = 901 socket_type = stream wait = no user = root server = /usr/sbin/swat log_on_success += HOST DURATION log_on_failure += HOST disable = no }
Alternatively, add an entry for swat to /etc/services
and omit the first 3 lines of the configuration.
Then start the "xinetd" daemon.
The web interface can be accessed on port 901 by default:
http://localhost:901/
Starting the service
Start/enable Samba via the smbd and nmbd daemons.
Client configuration
Shared resources from other computers on the LAN may be accessed and mounted locally by GUI or CLI methods. The graphical manner is limited since most lightweight Desktop Environments do not have a native way to facilitate accessing these shared resources.
There are two parts to share access. First is the underlying file system mechanism, and second is the interface which allows the user to select to mount shared resources. Some environments have the first part built into them.
Manual mounting
Install smbclient from the Official Repositories.
To list public shares on a server:
$ smbclient -L <hostname> -U%
Create a mount point for the share:
# mkdir /mnt/MOUNTPOINT
Mount the share using the mount.cifs
type. Not all the options listed below are needed or desirable (ie. password
).
# mount -t cifs //SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT -o user=USERNAME,password=PASSWORD,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP
SERVER
- The Windows system name.
SHARENAME
- The shared directory.
MOUNTPOINT
- The local directory where the share will be mounted.
-o [options]
- See
man mount.cifs
for more information:
//SERVER/SHARENAME/
will not work.The simplest way to add an fstab entry is something like this:
/etc/fstab
//SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs noauto,username=USER,password=PASSWORD,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP 0 0
However, storing passwords in a world readable file is not recommended! A safer method would be to use a credentials file. As an example, create a file and chmod 600 <filename>
so only the owning user can read and write to it. It should contain the following information:
/path/to/credentials/sambacreds
username=USERNAME password=PASSWORD
and the line in your fstab should look something like this:
/etc/fstab
//SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs noauto,username=USER,credentials=/path/to/credentials/sambacreds,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP 0 0
If using systemd (modern installations), one can utilize the comment=systemd.automount option, which speeds up service boot by a few seconds. Also, one can map current user and group to make life a bit easier, utilizing uid and gid options:
/etc/fstab
//SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs noauto,credentials=/path/to/smbcredentials,comment=systemd.automount,uid=USERNAME,gid=USERGROUP 0 0
User mounting
/etc/fstab
//SERVER/SHARENAME /mnt/MOUNTPOINT cifs users,noauto,credentials=/path/to/smbcredentials,workgroup=WORKGROUP,ip=SERVERIP 0 0
This will allow users to mount it as long as the mount point resides in a directory controllable by the user; i.e. the user's home. For users to be allowed to mount and unmount the Samba shares with mount points that they do not own, use smbnetfs, or grant privileges using sudo.
Automatic Mounting
There are several ways to easily browse shared resources:
smbnetfs
Install smbnetfs, from the Official Repositories.
Add the following line to /etc/fuse.conf
:
user_allow_other
and load the fuse
kernel module:
# modprobe fuse
If a username and a password are required to access some of the shared folders, edit /etc/smbnetfs/.smb/smbnetfs.conf and uncomment the line starting with "auth":
/etc/smbnetfs/.smb/smbnetfs.conf
auth "hostname" "username" "password"
Make sure to chmod 600 /etc/smbnetfs/.smb/smbnetfs.conf
, and any include files for smbnetfs to work correctly.
Daemon
Start and enable the smbnetfs daemon.
fusesmb
smbclient 3.2.X
is malfunctioning with fusesmb
, revert to using older versions if necessary. See the relevant forum topic for details.- Install fusesmbAUR, available in the Arch User Repository.
- Create a mount point:
# mkdir /mnt/fusesmb
- Load
fuse
kernel module. - Mount the shares:
# fusesmb -o allow_other /mnt/fusesmb
autofs
See Autofs for information on the kernel-based automounter for Linux.
File Manager Configuration
Nautilus
In order to access samba shares through Nautilus, install the gvfs-smb and gnome-vfs packages, available in the Official Repositories.
Press Template:Keypress and enter smb://servername/share
in the location bar to access your share.
The mounted share is likely to be present at /run/user/<your UID>/gvfs
in the filesystem.
Thunar and pcmanfm
For access using Thunar or pcmanfm, install gvfs-smb, available in the Official Repositories.
Go to smb://servername/share
, to access your share.
KDE
KDE, has the ability to browse Samba shares built in. Therefore do not need any additional packages. However, for a GUI in the KDE System Settings, install the kdenetwork-filesharing package from the Official Repositories
Other Graphical Environments
There are a number of useful programs, but they may need to have packages created for them. This can be done with the Arch package build system. The good thing about these others is that they do not require a particular environment to be installed to support them, and so they bring along less baggage.
- pyneighborhood is available in the Official Repositories.
- LinNeighborhood, RUmba, xffm-samba plugin for Xffm are not available in the official repositories or the AUR. As they are not officially (or even unofficially supported), they may be obsolete and may not work at all.
See also
- Tips and tricks - A dedicated page for alternate configurations and suggestions.
- Troubleshooting - A dedicated page for solving common (or not so common) issues.
- Samba: An Introduction
- Official Samba site