Uniform look for Qt and GTK applications (Русский)

Введение

Программы, основанные на Qt и GTK+ используют разные способы отображения графического интерфейса. Они используют различные темы, стили, иконки и многие другие вещи, так что выглядят довольно непохоже. Эта статья поможет Вам сделать Ваши Qt и GTK+ приложения выглядящими более одинаково и интегрированно.

• Тема - Набор стилей, тема иконок и цветовая схема.
• Стиль - Graphical layout; look.
• Тема иконок - Глобальный набор иконок.
• Цветовая схема - Глобальный набор цветов, используемый в сочетании со стилем.

Стили

Здесь описываются стили, созданные для интеграции Qt и GTK+ приложений. С ними, Вы можете сделать так, чтобы Ваши приложения выглядели одинаково, не зависимо от тулкита, на котором они написаны.

KDE4 Oxygen

Версия для QT4 устанавливается вместе с kde. Версия для GTK, которая называется oxygen-molecule-theme^AUR доступна в AUR

QtCurve

Доступный для qt4 (kde4), qt3 (kde3), и gtk2 (gnome) через [extra] репозиторий, этот стиль также достаточно популярен. Вы можете установить его, используя pacman.

# pacman -S qtcurve-gtk2 qtcurve-kde3 qtcurve-kde4

Theme Engines

A Theme Engine can be thought of as a thin layer API which translates themes (excluding icons) between one or more toolkits. These engines add some extra code in the process and it is arguable that this kind of a solution is not as elegant and optimal as using native styles.

GTK-QT-Engine

This one is for use by GTK+ applications running in KDE, which basically means this is for KDE. It applies all Qt settings (styles, fonts, not icons though) to the GTK+ applications and uses the style plug-ins directly. Please note that there are rendering issues with some Qt styles.

# pacman -S gtk-qt-engine

You can access it from:

Control Center (kcontrol) --> Appearance & Themes --> GTK Styles and Fonts

If you want to remove it entirely and every trace of it, you should delete the following files:

• ~/.gtkrc2.0-kde
• ~/.kde/env/gtk-qt-engine.rc.sh
• ~/gtk-qt-engine.rc

Make it work with OpenOffice

Set (as root):

export SAL_GTK_USE_PIXMAPPAINT=1

into /etc/profile. In KDE4 systemsettings, make sure "use my KDE style in GTK applications" is selected in Appearance > GTK styles and fonts.

QGtkStyle

This is a Qt style which intends to make applications blend perfectly into the GNOME desktop environment by using GTK to render all components. To use this style you must have at least GTK+ 2.0 and Qt 4.3, although Qt 4.4 or higher is preferred.

Note: Beginning with version 4.5 this style is included in Qt. You do not have to install this package yourself.

Having trouble making your Qt applications use QGtkStyle?

Qt won't apply QGtkStyle correctly if GTK is using the GTK-QT-Engine. Qt determines whether the GTK-QT-Engine is in use by reading the GTK configuration files listed in the environmental variable GTK2_RC_FILES. If the environmental variable is not set properly, Qt assumes you are using the GTK-QT-Engine, sets QGtkStyle to use the style GTK style Clearlooks, and outputs an error message:

QGtkStyle cannot be used together with the GTK_Qt engine.

Users of Openbox and other non-GNOME environments may encounter this probem. Here is a solution:

• Tell Qt where to look for your GTK configuration file by adding the following to your .xinitrc file:
  • To add multiple paths, separate them with colons.
  • The $HOME part will expand to be path to your user's home directory. Using the ~ shortcut won't work.

.xinitrc

...
export GTK2_RC_FILES="$HOME/.gtkrc-2.0"
...

• In .gtkrc-2.0 you must specify a GTK theme. For example:
  • This is usually done for you by an application which sets GTK2 Styles

.gtkrc-2.0

...
gtk-theme-name="Crux"
...

However it seems in sume cases those tools insert only an include directive like

.gtkrc-2.0

...
include "/usr/share/themes/SomeTheme/gtk-2.0/gtkrc"
...

which apparently is not recognized by all versions of QGtkStyle. You can hotfix this problem by inserting the gtk-theme-name manually in your .gtkrc-2.0 like above, note however that Gtk2-style-change applications might overwrite that change when you use them.

To choose your GTK theme for QT apps you must run:

qtconfig

Other Tricks

KDE file dialogs for GTK2 apps

KGtk is a wrapper script that LD_PRELOAD to force KDE file dialogs (open, save, etc) in GTK2 apps. If you use KDE and prefer its file dialogs over GTK's then you can install kgtk from AUR. Once installed you can run GTK2 applications with kgtk-wrapper in 2 ways (using gimp in the examples).

Calling kgtk-wrapper directly and using the GTK2 binary as an arguement

/usr/local/bin/kgtk-wrapper gimp

OR

Creating a symbolic link to kgtk using the name of the GTK2 binary. Then you can run /usr/local/bin/gimp when you want to run gimp with KDE dialogs.

ln -s /usr/local/bin/kgtk-wrapper /usr/local/bin/gimp
/usr/local/bin/gimp

aMSN GTK or KDE dialogs

aMSN's TK file dialogs are plain looking but no fear there is a plugin that will allow you to use GTK or KDE file dialogs to match your desktop. You can find the plugin on aMSN's Plugin Page

Using custom GTK style

You can use custom styles for specific GTK2 applications. For this, use GTK2_RC_FILES=/path/to/theme/gtk-2.0/gtkrc appname

For example:

GTK2_RC_FILES=/usr/share/themes/QtCurve/qtk-2.0/gtkrc firefox

It will launch firefox with QtCurve theme.

Troubleshooting

How do I set styles for each toolkit?

You can use the following methods to change the theme used in each environment.

KDE3 and QT3 styles

• Control Center (kcontrol) --> Appearance & Themes --> Style --> Widget Style
• kde-config --style [name of style]
• /opt/qt/bin/qtconfig

QT4 styles

• /usr/bin/qtconfig

GTK2 styles

• lxappearance
• gtk-chtheme
• gtk-theme-switch2
• gtk2_prefs
• Manual configuration

GTK1 styles

• switch (gtk-theme-switch package)

Themes not working in GTK apps

If the style or theme engine you setup isn't showing in your GTK apps then it's likely your GTK settings files aren't being loaded for some reason. You can check where your system expects to find these files by doing the following..

$ export | grep gtk

Usually the expected files should be ~/.gtkrc for GTK1, ~/.gtkrc2.0 or ~/.gtkrc2.0-kde for GTK2

Newer versions of gtk-qt-engine use ~/.gtkrc2.0-kde and set the export variable in ~/.kde/env/gtk-qt-engine.rc.sh If you recently removed gtk-qt-engine and are trying to set a GTK theme then you must remove ~/.kde/env/gtk-qt-engine.rc.sh and reboot. Doing this will ensure that GTK looks for it's settings in the standard ~/.gtkrc2.0 instead of ~/.gtkrc2.0-kde