Difference between revisions of "User:Rdeckard/Installation guide"
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Now, while still in the chroot install {{pkg|syslinux}}: | Now, while still in the chroot install {{pkg|syslinux}}: | ||
− | pacman -S syslinux | + | # pacman -S syslinux |
Create the following configuration file: | Create the following configuration file: | ||
Line 372: | Line 372: | ||
Exit the chroot and unmount all of the partitions: | Exit the chroot and unmount all of the partitions: | ||
− | umount | + | # umount -R /mnt |
− | |||
− | |||
Then install the bootloader: | Then install the bootloader: | ||
− | syslinux --directory syslinux /dev/sda1 | + | # syslinux --directory syslinux /dev/sda1 |
And install the [[MBR]]: | And install the [[MBR]]: | ||
− | dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/gptmbr.bin of=/dev/sda | + | # dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/gptmbr.bin of=/dev/sda |
==== Kernel parameters ==== | ==== Kernel parameters ==== |
Revision as of 10:25, 27 March 2019
A guide for installing a minimal booting system. Uses UEFI to boot kernel directly via EFISTUB. Does not apply to BIOS systems or systems that dual-boot.
You may need additional packages for video drivers, etc.
Pre-installation
Download the Arch ISO and GnuPG signature.
Verify signature
If you have GnuPG installed on your current system, verify the download:
$ gpg --keyserver-options auto-key-retrieve --verify archlinux-version-dual.iso.sig
Create bootable disk
Create a bootable USB drive by doing the following on an existing Linux installation:
# dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux-version-x86_64.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync
where /dev/sdx
is the USB drive.
Boot the live environment
Now boot from the USB drive.
Set the keyboard layout
If using a keymap other than US, set the keyboard layout by doing:
# loadkeys de-latin1
Change de-latin1
to a layout found in /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz
Verify the boot mode
Verify that you have booted with UEFI mode by checking that /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
exists. If you're not booted in the UEFI, you should setup your motherboard to do so to follow this installation guide. If you are not able to use UEFI, this guide has an option to boot from BIOS using syslinux.
Connect to the internet
If you have a wired connection, it should connect automatically.
If you have a wireless connection, first stop the wired connection to prevent conflicts:
# systemctl stop dhcpcd@interface.service
A list of interfaces can be found with:
# ip link
Then connect to a wifi network with:
# wpa_supplicant -B -i interface -C/run/wpa_supplicant # wpa_cli -i interface > scan > scan_results > add_network > set_network 0 ssid "SSID" > set_network 0 psk "passphrase" > enable_network 0 > quit
Get an ip address:
# dhcpcd
For both wired and wireless connections, check your connection with:
# ping archlinux.org
Update the system clock
# timedatectl set-ntp true
Partition the disk
/dev/sda
. Change if needed.Here is the layout this guide is using. Modify to your needs.
Mount point | Partition | Partition type | Suggested size |
---|---|---|---|
/boot
|
/dev/sda1
|
EFI system partition or boot partition for BIOS | 550 MiB |
/
|
/dev/sda2
|
Linux x86-64 root (/) | Remainder of the device |
Use GPT fdisk to format the disk:
# gdisk /dev/sda
Create a new empty GUID partition table by typing o
at the prompt.
Then create a new partition by typing n
at the prompt. Hit Enter
when prompted for the partition number, keeping the default of 1
. Hit Enter
again for the first section, keeping the default. For the last sector, type in +550M
and hit Enter
. For an EFI system, type in EF00
to indicated it is an EFI system partition for the partition type. Otherwise, use the default.
Now create at least one more partition for the installation. To create just one more partition to fill the rest of the disk, type n
at the prompt and use the defaults for the partition number, first sector, last sector, and hex code.
If setting up a BIOS system with syslinux, enter expert mode by entering x
. Then to enter a
and then 1
to set an attribute for partition 1. Then enter 2
to set it as a legacy BIOS partition and then Enter
to exit the set attribute menu.
Finally, write the table to the disk and exit by entering w
at the prompt.
Create LUKS container
If encrypting your system, do:
# cryptsetup lukFormat --type luks2 /dev/sda2 # cryptsetup open /dev/sda2 cryptroot
Othwerwise, skip this step.
Format the partitions
Format your ESP as FAT32:
# mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1
Replace ext4
with the file system you are using in all of the following.
To format the LUKS container on an encrypted system do:
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/cryptroot
To format a regular (not encrypted) system, do:
# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2
Mount the file systems
For the encrypted setup do:
# mount /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt
For the regular setup do:
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
In both cases do:
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
/mnt
and remount your subvolumes to the appropriate mount points. For example, for the encrypted setup:
# btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@ # btrfs subvolume create /mnt/@home # umount /mnt/boot # umount /mnt # mount -o compress=zstd,subvol=@ /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt # mkdir -p /mnt/home # mount -o compress=zstd,subvol=@home /dev/mapper/cryptroot /mnt/home # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
Installation
Select the mirrors
If you desire, edit /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
to select which mirrors have priority. Higher in the file means higher priority. This file will be copied to the new installation.
Install the base packages
Instead of installing base, we're only installing a select group of minimal packages needed.
Install the kernel and distro requirements. These packages are the minimum you need to boot a system. Installing these packages will also automatically pull in bash, bzip2, coreutils, cryptsetup, device-mapper, e2fsprogs, filesystem, findutils, gawk, gcc-libs, glibc, grep, gzip, less, linux-firmware, perl, shadow, util-linux (among other dependencies):
# pacstrap /mnt linux pacman systemd
For btrfs you need to install the user-space utilities. If using another file system, install the required user-space utilities instead.
# pacstrap /mnt btrfs-progs
To connect to the Internet later install dhcpcd and iwd. Omit iwd
if not using wireless.
# pacstrap /mnt dhcpcd iwd
Networking utilities. Includes binaries such as ip(8) and ping(8).
# pacstrap /mnt inetutils iproute2 iputils
Licenses:
# pacstrap /mnt licenses
Manpages and Info manual:
# pacstrap /mnt man-db man-pages texinfo
Additional utilities:
# pacstrap /mnt diffutils file gettext pciutils procps-ng psmisc sed tar usbutils which
Text editor for editing configuration files, etc.:
# pacstrap /mnt vim
Sudo so your normal user, created later, can have super-user privileges when needed:
# pacstrap /mnt sudo
If using an Intel or AMD processor, use pacstrap to install the intel-ucode package or the amd-ucode package, respectively. See microcode.
Configure the system
Fstab
# genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab
Chroot
# arch-chroot /mnt
Time zone
# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Region/City /etc/localtime
Set the hardware clock from the system clock:
# hwclock --systohc
Localization
Uncomment needed locales in /etc/locale.gen
(e.g., en_US.UTF-8
). Then run:
# locale-gen
Set LANG
:
/etc/locale.conf
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
If not using a US keymap, make they keyboard layout permanent:
/etc/vconsole.conf
KEYMAP=de-latin1
Network configuration
Set the hostname:
/etc/hostname
hostname
/etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost 127.0.1.1 hostname.localdomain hostname
iwd and dhcpcd will be used to connect to the internet after installation is complete.
Initramfs
Add the keyboard
, keymap
, and encrypt
hooks. You will need to make sure you have any additional needed hooks for your setup.
/etc/mkinitcpio.conf
HOOKS=(base udev autodetect modconf keyboard keymap block encrypt filesystems fsck)
Omit keymap
if you are using the default US keymap.
Regenerate initramfs:
# mkinitcpio -p linux
Root password
Set the root password:
# passwd
You can skip this step if you are giving your normal user super user privileges via sudo.
Add normal user
# useradd -m -G wheel user # passwd user
Open the sudoers file and uncomment the wheel
group:
# EDITOR=vim visudo
Swap file
If using btrfs, first create a subvolume for the swap file to reside on. Then, create an empty swap file and set it to not use COW:
# btrfs subvolume create /.swap # truncate -s 0 /.swap/swapfile # chattr +C /.swap/swapfile
If not using btrfs, simply create a directory:
# mkdir /.swap
In all cases do:
# dd if=/dev/zero of=/.swap/swapfile bs=1M count=2048 # chmod 600 /.swap/swapfile # mkswap /.swap/swapfile
Update fstab with a line for the swap file:
/etc/fstab
/.swap/swapfile none swap defaults 0 0
Boot loader
Two options are provided here. If you have a UEFI motherboard, use #EFISTUB. Otherwise, use the BIOS setup with #syslinux. In either case, you will need your #kernel parameters.
EFISTUB
In the UEFI setup we are not using a boot loader. Instead we are booting the kernel directly via EFISTUB. Previously you should have created a EFI system partition of the size 550MiB and marked it with the partition type EF00
.
Exit the chroot and reboot the system. From your Arch Linux live disk, boot into the UEFI Shell v2. Then do:
Shell> map
Note the disk number for the hard drive where you are installing Arch Linux. This guide assumes it is 1
.
Now create two UEFI entries using bcfg.
Shell> bcfg boot add 0 fs1:\vmlinuz-linux "Arch Linux" Shell> bcfg boot add 1 fs1:\vmlinuz-linux "Arch Linux (Fallback)"
Create a file with your #Kernel parameters as a single line:
Shell> edit fs1:\options.txt
Press F2
to save and F3
to quit. Now add that file as the options to your first boot entry:
Shell> bcfg boot -opt 0 fs1:\options.txt
Repeat the above process for your second, fallback entry, creating a text file named options-fallback.txt
containing a single line with your kernel parameters, chaning the intird to the fallback image (i.e., /initramfs-linux-fallback.img
).
Add it to the entry using bcfg boot -opt 1 fs:1\options-fallback.txt
.
syslinux
In the BIOS setup we are using syslinux. Previously you should have created a boot partition that was marked with the attribute "legacy BIOS bootable".
Now, while still in the chroot install syslinux:
# pacman -S syslinux
Create the following configuration file:
/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
DEFAULT arch LABEL arch MENU LABEL Arch Linux LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux APPEND kernel-parameters LABEL arch MENU LABEL Arch Linux LINUX ../vmlinuz-linux APPEND fallback-kernel-parameters
where kernel-parameters
is from #kernel parameters.
Exit the chroot and unmount all of the partitions:
# umount -R /mnt
Then install the bootloader:
# syslinux --directory syslinux /dev/sda1
And install the MBR:
# dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/gptmbr.bin of=/dev/sda
Kernel parameters
For an encrypted system, the kernel parameters will contain at least:
root=/dev/mapper/cryptroot ro initrd=/initramfs-linux.img init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd cryptdevice=/dev/sda2:cryptroot
:allow-discards
after cryptroot
to allow trimming if using an SSD. Then enable the fstrim.timer
to trim the device weekly.For a regular system, the kernel parameters will contain at least:
root=/dev/sda2 ro initrd=/initramfs-linux.img init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd
- In either case, if using btrfs, and you want to boot from a specific subvolume, add
rootfstype=btrfs rootflags=subvol=/@
, where@
is the subvolume you will mount as/
. - If you have an Intel or AMD CPU, enable microcode updates by adding an
/intel-ucode.img
or/amd-ucode.img
, respectively toinitrd=
with a comma separating the two images. It must be the first initrd entry on the line. For example:initrd=/intel-ucode.img,/initramfs-linux.img
.
Reboot
When you reboot you should be prompted for your LUKS password if you decided to encrypt the system. See User:Rdeckard/Post-installation.