Difference between revisions of "VirtualBox"

Revision as of 10:55, 5 October 2013

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VirtualBox is a hypervisor used to run operating systems in a special environment, called virtual machine, on top of the existing operating system. It is in constant development and new features are implemented continuously. It comes with a Qt GUI interface, as well as headless and SDL command line tools for managing and running virtual machines.

In order to integrate functions of the host system to the guests, including shared folders and clipboard, video acceleration and a "seamless" window integration mode, guest additions are provided for some guest operating systems.

Template:Wikipedia

Installation on host

The basic GPL-licensed VirtualBox suite can be installed with the virtualbox package from the official repositories.

The virtualbox-host-modules package, which contains the precompiled modules for the stock archlinux kernel, should be installed with it. If you are using the linux-lts kernel you should also install the virtualbox-host-modules-lts package. For custom kernels, read the section below.

In order to use the graphical interface, based on Qt (VirtualBox command), you will also need to install the qt4 package. This is not required for the simpler SDL-only GUI (VBoxSDL command) nor for the VBoxHeadless command.

Hosts running a custom kernel

VirtualBox works fine with custom kernels such as Linux-ck without the need to keep any of the official ArchLinux kernel packages on the system. As these official kernel packages are dependencies of virtualbox-host-modules, if you want to prevent pacman from installing these unneeded packages, please install the virtualbox-host-dkms package instead. The latter comes bundled with the source of the VirtualBox kernel modules that will be used to generate these modules for your kernel.

Once virtualbox-host-dkms is installed, simply generate the kernel modules for your custom kernel by running the following command structure:

# dkms install vboxhost/<virtualbox-host-source version> -k <your custom kernel's version>/<your architecture>

or by using this all-in-one instead:

# dkms install vboxhost/$(pacman -Q virtualbox|awk {'print $2'}|sed 's/\-.\+//') -k $(uname -rm|sed 's/\ /\//')

After the VirtualBox module has been created, load it with:

# modprobe vboxdrv

To automatically recompile/reload the VirtualBox module when your kernel got upgraded, you can enable the dkms.service with:

# systemctl enable dkms.service

If you don't have the dkms.service enabled while your Linux kernel (official or custom one) is being updated, your VirtualBox module won't be updated and might not work with your new kernel version any more. If you want to automatically recompile/update your VirtualBox module at boot time after a new version of the kernel has been installed, you can use an initramfs hook that will automatically call the dkms command described above.

To enable that feature, install the vboxhost-hook^AUR package from the AUR and add vboxhost to your HOOKS array in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf. Then make sure your linux-headers are updated first with:

# pacman -Sy linux-headers && pacman -Su

Setup

Add usernames to the vboxusers group

Add the desired usernames to the vboxusers group. Everything may work fine without this step but shared folders and possibly some other optional stuffs require it to work. The new group does not automatically apply to existing sessions; the user has to log in again or start a new environment with a command like newgrp or sudo -u $USER -s.

# gpasswd -a $USER vboxusers

Loading Kernel Modules

VirtualBox running on Linux uses its own kernel modules, including a mandatory module named vboxdrv, which must be loaded before virtual machines can run. It can be automatically loaded when ArchLinux starts up, or it can be loaded manually when necessary.

To load the module manually:

# modprobe vboxdrv

To load the VirtualBox driver at startup, create a *.conf file (e.g. virtualbox.conf) in /etc/modules-load.d that contains all modules that should be loaded:

/etc/modules-load.d/virtualbox.conf

vboxdrv

To start the VirtualBox graphical manager:

$ VirtualBox

To ensure full functionality of bridged networking, ensure that the vboxnetadp, vboxnetflt and vboxpci kernel modules are loaded as well as the net-tools package.

Guest additions disc

The virtualbox package also suggests installing virtualbox-guest-iso on the ArchLinux host running VirtualBox. It is a disc image that can be used to install the guest additions onto guest systems. Make it available to the running guest by going to Devices and clicking Install Guest Additions... Host+D, then run the guest additions installation from inside the guest.

Booting a live disc

Click the New button to create a new virtual environment. Name it appropriately and select Operating System type and version. Select base memory size (note: most operating systems will need at least 512 MB to function properly). Create a new hard disk image (a hard disk image is a file that will contain the operating system's filesystem and files).

When the new image has been created, click Settings, then CD/DVD-ROM, check Mount CD/DVD Drive then select an ISO image.

Starting virtual machines with a service

Find hereinafter the implementation details of a systemd service that will be used to consider a virtual machine as a service.

/etc/systemd/system/vboxvmservice@.service

[Unit]
Description=VBox Virtual Machine %i Service
Requires=systemd-modules-load.service
After=systemd-modules-load.service

[Service]
User=user
Group=vboxusers
ExecStart=/usr/bin/VBoxHeadless -s %i
ExecStop=/usr/bin/VBoxManage controlvm %i savestate

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

To enable the service that will launch your virtual machine at next boot, use:

# systemctl enable vboxvmservice@your virtual machine name

To start the service that will launch directly your virtual machine, use:

# systemctl start vboxvmservice@your virtual machine name

VirtualBox 4.2 introduces a new way for UNIX-like systems to have virtual machines started automatically, other than using a systemd service.

Advanced setup

See VirtualBox Extras for advanced configuration.

Arch Linux as a guest in a Virtual Machine

Installing Arch under VirtualBox is straightforward, and additions should be installed through pacman (following the instructions below), and not through the "Install Guest Additions" menu item in VirtualBox on your host machine, nor from a mounted ISO image.

Install the Guest Additions

Install the virtualbox-guest-utils package. Manually load the modules with:

# modprobe -a vboxguest vboxsf vboxvideo

Create a *.conf file (e.g. virtualbox.conf) in /etc/modules-load.d/ with these lines:

/etc/modules-load.d/virtualbox.conf

vboxguest
vboxsf
vboxvideo

Add the following line to the top of ~/.xinitrc above any exec options. (create a new file if it does not exist):

~/.xinitrc

/usr/bin/VBoxClient-all

Automatic re-compilation of the VirtualBox guest modules with every update of any kernel

This is possible thanks to vboxguest-hook^AUR from the AUR. In vboxguest-hook, the 'automatic re-compilation' functionality is done by a vboxguest hook on mkinitcpio after forcing to update the linux-headers package. You will need to add vboxguest to the HOOKS array in /etc/mkinitcpio.conf. You may need to manually recreate the initramfs after an upgrade of the linux-headers package.

The hook will call the dkms command to update the VirtualBox guest modules for the version of your new kernel.

Start the sharing services

After installing virtualbox-guest-utils above, you should start VBoxClient-all to start services for sharing the clipboard, resizing the screen, etc.

• If you are running something that launches /etc/xdg/autostart/vboxclient.desktop, such as GNOME or KDE, then nothing needs to be done.
• If you use .xinitrc to launch things instead, you must add the following to your .xinitrc before launching your WM.

# VBoxClient-all &

Using USB webcam / microphone

1. Make sure the virtual machine is not running and your webcam / microphone is not being used.
2. Bring up the main VirtualBox window and go to settings for Arch machine. Go to USB section.
3. Make sure "Enable USB Controller" is selected. Also make sure that "Enable USB 2.0 (EHCI) Controller" is selected too.
4. Click the "Add filter from device" button (the cable with the '+' icon).
5. Select your USB webcam/microphone device from the list.
6. Now click OK and start your VM.

Using Arch under Virtualbox EFI mode

My experience with this configuration was pretty terrible, but it does work.

UPD. Using efibootmgr has the same effect as using VirtualBox boot menu (see the note below): settings disappear after VM shutdown. First, efibootmgr does *not* work. It will appear to work, but all changes it makes appear to be overwritten on reboot. After performing a standard UEFI/GPT installation, reboot and you should get dumped to the EFI shell. Type exit and you will get a menu. Select the Boot Management Manager, Boot Options, Add Boot Option. Use the file browser to find the grub efi file and select it. Add a label if you want. Afterwards, select Change Boot Order from the menu, use arrow keys to select your Arch option, and + to move it up to the top. GRUB should boot by default now.

Other options are: 1) move your loader to \EFI\boot\bootx64.efi, 2) create \startup.nsh script, which executes desirable loader, like this:

\startup.nsh

HD16a0a1:\EFI\refind\refindx64.efi

Here I'm using consistent mapping name (HD16a0a1). It is probably a good idea, because they do survive configuration changes.

Synchronise guest date with host

To keep sync date and time, make sure you have virtualbox-guest-utils installed in your host (see above). Then run

# systemctl enable vboxservice.service

To enable the service for next boot. To start immediately, run

# systemctl start vboxservice.service

You also need run this daemon in order to use auto-mounting feature of shared folders that are mentioned above.

Enable shared folders

Shared folders are managed via the VirtualBox program on the host. They may be added, auto-mounted and made read-only from there.

If automounting is enabled, and the vboxservice is enabled, creating a shared folder from the VirtualBox program on the host will mount that folder in /media/sf_SHAREDFOLDERNAME on the guest. To have that folder created on the Arch Guest, after the Guest Additions have been installed, you need to add your username to the vboxsf group.

# groupadd vboxsf
# gpasswd -a $USER vboxsf

If you want a shared folder (e.g /media/sf_Dropbox) to be symlinked to another folder in your home directory for easy access, you can type on the guest:

$ ln -s /media/sf_Dropbox/* ~/dropbox

The VBoxLinuxAdditions.run script provided in the Guest Additions iso does this for you, however, Arch does not recommend using it.

If shared folders are not auto-mounted, try manually mount.

To prevent startup problems when you're using systemd, you should add comment=systemd.automount to your /etc/fstab. This way, they are mounted only when you access those mount points and not during startup. Otherwise your system might become unusable after a kernel upgrade (if you install your guest additions manually).

desktop   /media/desktop    vboxsf  uid=user,gid=group,rw,dmode=700,fmode=600,comment=systemd.automount 0 0

Don't waste your time to test the nofail option. mount.vboxsf is not able to handle this (2012-08-20).

desktop   /media/desktop    vboxsf  uid=user,gid=group,rw,dmode=700,fmode=600,nofail 0 0

Troubleshooting

modprobe Exec format error

Make sure your system is up-to-date:

# pacman -Syu

VBOX_E_INVALID_OBJECT_STATE (0x80BB0007)

This can occur if a VM is exited ungracefully. The solution to unlock the VM is trivial:

$ VBoxManage controlvm <your virtual machine name> poweroff

USB subsystem is not working on the host or guest

Sometimes, on old Linux hosts, the USB subsystem is not auto-detected resulting in an error Could not load the Host USB Proxy service: VERR_NOT_FOUND or in a not visible USB drive on the host, even when the user is in the vboxusers group. This problem is due to the fact that VirtualBox switched from usbfs to sysfs in version 3.0.8. If the host doesn't understand this change, you can revert to the old behaviour by defining the following environment variable in any file that is sourced by your shell (e.g. your ~/.bashrc if you're using bash):

~/.bashrc

VBOX_USB=usbfs

Then make sure, the environment has been made aware of this change (reconnect, source the file manually, launch a new shell instance or reboot).

Also make sure that your user is a member of the storage group.

Failed to create the host-only network interface

To be able to create a Host-Only Network Adapter or a Bridged Network Adapter the kernel modules vboxnetadp and vboxnetflt need to be loaded, you also need to make sure the net-tools package is installed. You can load these kernel modules manually with:

# modprobe -a vboxnetadp vboxnetflt

To load them automatically at boot, add a new line for each module to /etc/modules-load.d/virtualbox.conf:

vboxdrv
vboxnetadp
vboxnetflt

WinXP: Bit-depth cannot be greater than 16

If you are running at 16-bit color depth, then the icons may appear fuzzy/choppy. However, upon attempting to change the color depth to a higher level, the system may restrict you to a lower resolution or simply not enable you to change the depth at all. To fix this, run regedit add the following key to the Virtual Windows XP registry:

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows NT\Terminal Services]
"ColorDepth"=dword:00000004

Then update the color depth in the desktop properties window. If nothing happens, force the screen to redraw through some method (i.e. Host+f to redraw/enter full screen).

Mounting .vdi Images

Mounting vdi images only works with fixed size (static) images; dynamic size images aren't easily mountable.

First we need one information from your .vdi image:

$ VBoxManage internalcommands dumphdinfo <your .vdi file location> | grep offData
Header: offBlocks=4096 offData=69632

Then, add to your offData 32256. (e.g. 32256 + 69632 = 101888)

Now you can mount your vdi image with the following command:

# mount -t ext4 -o rw,noatime,noexec,loop,offset=101888 <your .vdi file location> /mnt/

Copy and paste not working on ArchLinux guest

After virtualbox-guest-additions has been updated to version 4.2.0-2, the copy and paste feature from the host to ArchLinux guest doesn't work any more. It seems to be due to VBoxClient-all requiring root access. In previous versions adding VBoxClient-all & to ~/.xinitrc was sufficient to make copy and paste work again. Now, in order to solve the problem, update ~/.xinitrc to match sudo VBoxClient-all & and add the line , NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/VBoxClient-all to your username in the sudoers file and restart X. It should all work again. The line in the sudoers file should look similar to this:

 # Allow sudo for user 'you' and let him run VBoxClient-all without requiring a password
 you ALL = PASSWD: ALL, NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/VBoxClient-all

Use Serial port in guest OS

Check you permission in Serial port:

$ /bin/ls -l /dev/ttyS*
crw-rw---- 1 root uucp 4, 64 Feb  3 09:12 /dev/ttyS0
crw-rw---- 1 root uucp 4, 65 Feb  3 09:12 /dev/ttyS1
crw-rw---- 1 root uucp 4, 66 Feb  3 09:12 /dev/ttyS2
crw-rw---- 1 root uucp 4, 67 Feb  3 09:12 /dev/ttyS3

Add you user in uucp group.

# gpasswd -a $USER uucp 

and relogin.

Abort on resume

There is a known bug that causes abort on resume. The workaround is simple: always use Host+q keyboard keys combination or use the menu to close the VM.

System Images in Btrfs

Back in 2010, there were reports that OS disk images would not start if they were attached via a virtual SATA device. It was reportedly fixed, and seemed to be. But as of around March 2013, that particular bug report has been repoened. It can be fixed by enabling the use of the host I/O cache, which is disabled by default with virtual SATA interfaces.

Access to shared folders hangs

Accessing to a folder shared with the host from a guest running a 3.11 kernel hangs. There is a fix upstream, but, as of 26 Sept 2013, it has not yet made its way to the guest additions package. In order to avoid to wait for the next maintenance release and the next major version (4.3 which is currently in beta stage), it is has been asked to backport that patch to the ArchLinux packages (see FS#37110).

Until no new VirtualBox Additions release or a patch packport has been released, this problem can be circumvent by downgrading the guest kernel to a version older than the 3.11.

Windows 8.x Error Code 0x000000C4

If you get this error code while booting even if you choose OS Type Win 8, try to enable CMPXCHG16B cpu instruction

$ vboxmanage setextradata <your virtual machine name> VBoxInternal/CPUM/CMPXCHG16B 1

Windows 8 VM Fails To Boot "ERR_DISK_FULL"

Situation: Your Windows 8 VM refuses to start. Virtualbox throws an error stating the virtual disk is full. However, you are certain that the disk is not full. Bring up your VM's settings at Settings>Storage>Controller:SATA and select "Use Host I/O Cache".

External links

• VirtualBox User Manual