Difference between revisions of "Xfce"

Revision as of 15:28, 22 November 2013 (view source) Lahwaacz (talk | contribs) (overview templates are deprecated, see Help_talk:Style/Article_summary_templates#Deprecation_of_summaries_and_overviews) ← Older edit		Revision as of 17:31, 30 November 2013 (view source) Carlduff (talk | contribs) (add section to use Openbox within XFCE) Newer edit →
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	If you have no problems shutting down and rebooting but cannot automount external media and disks, you may need to install {{pkg|gvfs}}. See the [[#Removable Devices|Removable Devices]] section.		If you have no problems shutting down and rebooting but cannot automount external media and disks, you may need to install {{pkg|gvfs}}. See the [[#Removable Devices|Removable Devices]] section.
		+
		+	== Using Openbox in XFCE ==
		+	{{tip|The native window manager for XFCE is called {{ic|xfwm4}}.}}
		+
		+	Overall, the [[Openbox]] window manager works well in XFCE, although it will not be possible to use the native XFCE {{ic|workspace switcher}} to add or remove virtual desktops; this will have to be undertaken using {{pkg|obconf}}. There are two methods available to ensure Openbox is automatically used by default as the window manager.
		+
		+	The first is to simply '''save the session'''. The {{ic|Save session for future logins}} option is available in the {{ic|logout...}} dialog box. However, this will also mean any application windows open while exiting the session will be restored when starting a new one as well. It is also important to note that where restoring {{ic|xfwm4}} during a session, the {{ic|Save session for future logins}} option will have to be enabled on that occasion to make this change permanent. Not doing so may result in Openbox being restored again, as the previous saved session may be loaded instead. However, once {{ic|xfwm4}} has been restored, from the next session onwards there will no longer be any need to save future sessions.
		+
		+	The recommended alternative is to '''autostart Openbox for each session'''. To do so, from the main menu, first select {{ic|settings}}, and then {{ic|session and startup}}. Once the application window opens, select the {{ic|Application Autostart}} tab to show all autostarted applications and programs, and click the {{ic|Add}} button to bring up the {{ic|Add Application}} window. The following details can be entered for each field:
		+
		+	* '''Name''': openbox-wm
		+	* '''Description''': openbox-wm
		+	* '''Command''': openbox --replace
		+
		+	Once complete, click {{ic|OK}}, ensure that the checkbox next to the {{ic|openbox-wm}} entry is ticked, and then restart the session for the change to take place. The benefit of this method is that autostarted applications can be easily enabled and disabled at will via their autostart checkboxes. Consequently, to allow the native window manager - {{ic|xfwm4}} - to take back over, just clear the {{ic|openbox-wm}} tickbox and restart the session.
		+
		+	=== Re-enabling Compositing effects ===
		+	Where replacing the native {ic|xfwm4}} window manager with Openbox, any desktop compositing effects - such a transparency - provided will also be lost. This is because Openbox itself does not provide any compositing functionality. However, it is easily possible to use a seperate compositing program to [[Openbox#Compositing_effects|re-enable compositing]].
		+
		+	=== Re-establishing the native window manager ===
		+
		+	To re-establish {{ic|xfwm4}} as the XFCE window manager via the terminal, enter the following command:
		+
		+	$ xfwm4 --replace
	==Tips and tricks==		==Tips and tricks==

---

Revision as of 17:31, 30 November 2013

zh-CN:Xfce

From Xfce - About:

Xfce embodies the traditional UNIX philosophy of modularity and re-usability. It consists of a number of components that provide the full functionality one can expect of a modern desktop environment. They are packaged separately and you can pick among the available packages to create the optimal personal working environment.

Xfce is a Desktop Environment, like GNOME or KDE. It contains a suite of apps like a root window app, window manager, file manager, panel, etc. Xfce is written using the GTK2 toolkit, and contains its own development environment (libraries, daemons, etc), similar to other big DEs. Features:

• Lighter on resources than the other major DEs (KDE, GNOME).
• Most settings are exposed via a GUI, Xfce does not try to hide stuff from the user.
• Xfwm has an optional built-in compositor which allows for true transparency and all the benefits of GPU acceleration (minimizes tearing, etc.).
• It works great with multiple monitors.

Installation

Before starting, make sure you have a functional X server installation. See Xorg for detailed information.

The base Xfce system can be installed with the group xfce4, available in the Official Repositories. Pacman will ask you to select the packages to install, but you probably want to get them all by simply pressing Enter. Additional packages, like panel plugins, notifications, and system tools are available in the xfce4-goodies group.

Starting Xfce

Automatically

There are two methods to start Xfce (and in fact, any desktop or window manager) at boot time:

• Run Xfce through a Display Manager
• Run Xfce automatically using the xorg-xinit method at Start X at Login combining with Automatic login to virtual console‎

Manually

There are two methods to start Xfce manually:

• Run startxfce4 directly from the console.
• Configure ~/.xinitrc to exec startxfce4 and then run xinit or startx from the console. See xinitrc for details.

Automounting

See General Troubleshooting#Session permissions.

If you have no problems shutting down and rebooting but cannot automount external media and disks, you may need to install gvfs. See the Removable Devices section.

Using Openbox in XFCE

Overall, the Openbox window manager works well in XFCE, although it will not be possible to use the native XFCE workspace switcher to add or remove virtual desktops; this will have to be undertaken using obconf. There are two methods available to ensure Openbox is automatically used by default as the window manager.

The first is to simply save the session. The Save session for future logins option is available in the logout... dialog box. However, this will also mean any application windows open while exiting the session will be restored when starting a new one as well. It is also important to note that where restoring xfwm4 during a session, the Save session for future logins option will have to be enabled on that occasion to make this change permanent. Not doing so may result in Openbox being restored again, as the previous saved session may be loaded instead. However, once xfwm4 has been restored, from the next session onwards there will no longer be any need to save future sessions.

The recommended alternative is to autostart Openbox for each session. To do so, from the main menu, first select settings, and then session and startup. Once the application window opens, select the Application Autostart tab to show all autostarted applications and programs, and click the Add button to bring up the Add Application window. The following details can be entered for each field:

• Name: openbox-wm
• Description: openbox-wm
• Command: openbox --replace

Once complete, click OK, ensure that the checkbox next to the openbox-wm entry is ticked, and then restart the session for the change to take place. The benefit of this method is that autostarted applications can be easily enabled and disabled at will via their autostart checkboxes. Consequently, to allow the native window manager - xfwm4 - to take back over, just clear the openbox-wm tickbox and restart the session.

Re-enabling Compositing effects

Where replacing the native {ic|xfwm4}} window manager with Openbox, any desktop compositing effects - such a transparency - provided will also be lost. This is because Openbox itself does not provide any compositing functionality. However, it is easily possible to use a seperate compositing program to re-enable compositing.

Re-establishing the native window manager

To re-establish xfwm4 as the XFCE window manager via the terminal, enter the following command:

$ xfwm4 --replace

Tips and tricks

Xfconf settings

Xfconf is XFCE's system for storing configuration options, and most XFCE configuration is done by editing settings in Xfconf (one way or another). There are several ways to modify these settings:

• The most obvious and easiest way is to go to "Settings" in the main menu and select the category you want to customize. However, not all customization options are available this way.
• A less user-friendly but more general way is to go to

  Main menu -> Settings -> Settings Editor

  where you can see and modify all the customization options. Any settings modified here will take effect immediately. The Settings Editor can also be launched from the command line by invoking xfce4-settings-editor.
• Customization can be done completely from the command line using the program xfconf-query. See the XFCE online documentation for more information and examples and the rest of this wiki page for more examples. Settings changed here will take effect immediately.
• The settings are stored in XML files in ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/ which can be edited by hand. However, changes made here will not take effect immediately.
• For more information: Xfconf documentation

Panel

Xfce panel background

Edit ~/.gtkrc-2.0. Note that you must place the image in the same directory as the configuration, which is ~/. You can not specify the path to the image, or it will not work.

 style "panel-background" {
   bg_pixmap[NORMAL]        = "foo.bar"
   bg_pixmap[PRELIGHT]      = "foo.bar"
   bg_pixmap[ACTIVE]        = "foo.bar"
   bg_pixmap[SELECTED]      = "foo.bar"
   bg_pixmap[INSENSITIVE]   = "foo.bar"
 }
 widget_class "*Panel*" style "panel-background"

Menu applet replacement

Whisker Menu is a full-featured replacement for the default Xfce menu applet. Add it to your panel and optionally remove the built-in default menu.

It is available in the AUR as the xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin^AUR package.

Removing entries from the System menu

Method 1

With the built-in menu editor, you cannot remove menu entries from the System menu. Here’s how to hide them:

1. Open Terminal (Xfce menu > System > Terminal) and go to the /usr/share/applications folder:

   $ cd /usr/share/applications

2. This folder should be full of .desktop files. To see a list type:

   $ ls

3. Add NoDisplay=true to the .desktop file. For example, if you want to hide Firefox, type in the terminal:

   # echo "NoDisplay=true" >> firefox.desktop

   This command appends the text NoDisplay=true to the end of the .desktop file.

Method 2

Another method is to copy the entire contents of the global applications directory over to your local applications directory, and then proceed to modify and/or disable unwanted .desktop entries. This will survive application updates that overwrite changes under /usr/share/applications/.

1. In a terminal, copy everything from /usr/share/applications to ~/.local/share/applications/:

   $ cp /usr/share/applications/* ~/.local/share/applications/

2. For any entry you wish to hide from the menu, add the NoDisplay=true option:

   $ echo "NoDisplay=true" >> ~/.local/share/applications/foo.desktop

You can also edit the application's category by editing the .desktop file with a text editor and modifying the Categories= line.

Method 3

The third method is the cleanest and recommended in the Xfce wiki.

Create the file ~/.config/menus/xfce-applications.menu and copy the following in it:

<!DOCTYPE Menu PUBLIC "-//freedesktop//DTD Menu 1.0//EN"
  "http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/menu-spec/1.0/menu.dtd">

<Menu>
    <Name>Xfce</Name>
    <MergeFile type="parent">/etc/xdg/menus/xfce-applications.menu</MergeFile>

    <Exclude>
        <Filename>xfce4-run.desktop</Filename>

        <Filename>exo-terminal-emulator.desktop</Filename>
        <Filename>exo-file-manager.desktop</Filename>
        <Filename>exo-mail-reader.desktop</Filename>
        <Filename>exo-web-browser.desktop</Filename>

        <Filename>xfce4-about.desktop</Filename>
        <Filename>xfhelp4.desktop</Filename>
    </Exclude>

    <Layout>
        <Merge type="all"/>
        <Separator/>

        <Menuname>Settings</Menuname>
        <Separator/>

        <Filename>xfce4-session-logout.desktop</Filename>
    </Layout>

</Menu>

The <MergeFile> tag includes the default Xfce menu in our file. This is important.

The <Exclude> tag excludes applications which we do not want to appear in the menu. Here we excluded some Xfce default shortcuts, but you can exclude firefox.desktop or any other application.

The <Layout> tag defines the layout of the menu. The applications can be organized in folders or however we wish. For more details see the aforementioned Xfce wiki page.

Method 4

Alternatively a tool called xame can be used. XAME is a GUI tool written in Gambas designed specifically for editing menu entires in Xfce, it will NOT work in other DEs. XAME is available in the xame^AUR package from the AUR. An alternative to XAME that works quite well with Xfce is menulibre^AUR.

Missing applications

When some applications are installed (for example via WINE), they may not be listed in /usr/share/applications. Shortcuts might be found in the category “Other” in this directory: ~/.local/share/applications/wine/.

Panel autohide delay

Add this to ~/.gtkrc-2.0.

 style "xfce-panel-window-style"
 {
   # Time in miliseconds before the panel will unhide on an enter event
   XfcePanelWindow::popup-delay = 225
 
   # Time in miliseconds before the panel will hide on a leave event
   XfcePanelWindow::popdown-delay = 350
 }
 class "XfcePanelWindow" style "xfce-panel-window-style"

Panel at desktop level

If you want a panel at desktop level (i.e., other windows will stack over it) you need a little hack, ensure you have installed the wmctrl package from the Official Repositories.

Create a script in ~/.config/xfce4/xfce4-fix-panel with this content and make it executable (you can use chmod 755 xfce4-fix-panel).

#!/bin/bash
set -e

function getPanelIdImpl() {
  # get panel id
  PANEL="`wmctrl -l | sed -n -e '/ xfce4-panel$/ s_ .*$__ p' | sed -n -e $1' p'`"
}

function getPanelId() {
  # eventually await the panel to appear
  getPanelIdImpl $1
  while [ x = x$PANEL ] ;do
    sleep 0.5s
    getPanelIdImpl $1
  done
}

function putPanelDown() {
  PANEL=""
  getPanelId $1
  wmctrl -i -r $PANEL -b add,below
}

# call the program with a list of panel numbers as arguments
# for example, xfce4-fix-panel 1 2 3
# for the first three panels
for i in $* ;do
  putPanelDown $i
done

Once wrote the script, and tested it, you need to auto-execute it at each login. You can use the Session and StartUp -> Application Autostart gui.

This passage will put your panels at desktop level, but if your panel is sticking to a border the maximized windows will not stack over it. You can enable this behavior with the following command, fortunately you need to do this only once. (change the $ID with the panel number of interest)

xfconf-query -c xfce4-panel -p /panels/panel-$ID/disable-struts -n -t bool -s true

Desktop

Transparent Background for Icon Titles

To change the default white background of desktop icon titles to something more suitable, create or edit the GTK config file:

~/.gtkrc-2.0

style "xfdesktop-icon-view" {
    XfdesktopIconView::label-alpha = 10
    base[NORMAL] = "#000000"
    base[SELECTED] = "#71B9FF"
    base[ACTIVE] = "#71B9FF"
    fg[NORMAL] = "#fcfcfc"
    fg[SELECTED] = "#ffffff"
    fg[ACTIVE] = "#ffffff"
}
widget_class "*XfdesktopIconView*" style "xfdesktop-icon-view"

Hide Selected Partitions

If you wish to prevent certain partitions or drives appearing on the desktop, you can create a udev rule, for example /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules:

KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE}="1"
KERNEL=="sda2", ENV{UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE}="1"

Would show all partitions with the exception of sda1 and sda2 on your desktop. Notice, if you are using udisk2 the above will not work, due to the UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE no longer being supported, instead you must use UDISKS_IGNORE as follows

KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"
KERNEL=="sda2", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"

Remove Thunar Options from Right-click

xfconf-query -c xfce4-desktop -v --create -p /desktop-icons/style -t int -s 0

Kill Window Shortcut

Xfce does not support the kill window shortcut directly, but you can add one with a simple script. Ensure you have the xorg-xkill package installed.

Create a script in ~/.config/xfce4/killwindow.sh with this content and make it executable (you can use chmod 755 killwindow.sh).

xkill -id "`xprop -root -notype | sed -n '/^_NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW/ s/^.*# *\|\,.*$//g p'`"

Now associate a shortcut using Settings -> Keyboard to that script.

Manage Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard shortcuts can be managed with the Xfce Settings Manager application, which is available through the xfce4-settings package and the xfce4 group. The Settings Manager can be started from the application menu (click Settings -> Keyboard) or command line (run xfce4-keyboard-settings). The Xfce Docs include detailed instructions for using the Settings Manager.

XFWM4

Enabling the Compositor

Xfce comes with a builtin compositor adding the option for fancy window effects, shadows and transparency and so on. It can be enabled in the Window Manager Tweaks and works on the fly. No additional settings are needed in your /etc/xorg.conf. To enable and adjust settings, go to:

Menu  -->  Settings  -->  Window Manager Tweaks

Disable window roll-up

xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/mousewheel_rollup -s false

Toggle Automatic Tiling of Windows at Edge of Screen

XFWM4 has the ability to "tile" a window automatically when it is moved to the edge of the screen by resizing it to fill the top half of the screen. (The official XFCE website says this feature is disabled by default in XFCE 4.10, but it seems to be enabled by default on Arch Linux.) This behavior can be enabled or disabled in Window Manager Tweaks --> Accessibility --> Automatically tile windows when moving toward the screen edge, or:

xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/tile_on_move -s false  # To disable
xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/tile_on_move -s true   # To enable

Settings Manager Commands

There is no official documentation for the commands executed. One must look at .desktop files /usr/share/applications/ folder. For the people who like to know exactly what is happening, here is a handy list to save the effort:

xfce4-accessibility-settings
xfce4-power-manager-settings
xfce4-settings-editor
xfdesktop-settings
xfce4-display-settings
xfce4-keyboard-settings
xfce4-mouse-settings
xfce4-session-settings
xfce4-settings-manager
xfce4-appearance-settings
xfwm4-settings
xfwm4-tweaks-settings
xfwm4-workspace-settings
orage -p

To review all the available setting manager commands run the following in a terminal:

$ grep '^Exec=' /usr/share/applications/xfce*settings* | sed -e 's_^.*=_ _'

Session

Custom Startup Applications

Via the Settings Menu

To launch custom applications when Xfce starts up, click the Applications Menu -> Settings -> Settings Manager and then choose the "Session and Startup" option and click the tab "Application Autostart". You will see a list of programs that get launched on startup. To add an entry, click the "Add" button and fill out the form, specifying the path to an executable you want to run.

Startup Script

Alternatively you can use this method, to run a command line script to launch your applications. This includes getting necessary environment variables into the GUI runtime.

• Copy the file /etc/xdg/xfce4/xinitrc to ~/.config/xfce4/
• Edit this file. For example, you can add something like this somehwere in the middle:

source $HOME/.bashrc
# start rxvt-unicode server
urxvtd -q -o -f

Lock the screen

To lock an Xfce4 session (through xflock4) one of xscreensaver, gnome-screensaver, slock or xlockmore packages needs to be installed.

Switch between users

Xfce4 allows this behavior under the 'action buttons' menu item. Currently, gdm, lightdm and, after slight manual intervention, lxdm provide this functionality.

Manually Modifying XML settings

It may be useful, especially when upgrading, to manually edit .xml files in the ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/ folder. For application keyboard shortcuts for example, the file is ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts.xml. It is faster to copy and paste the XML keys that you want rather than using the GUI.

Removable Devices

If you want an icon appearing on your desktop and in Thunar when you plug in external devices, make sure gvfs is installed. You could also need to install gvfs-afc (read this discussion). It is also a good idea to install thunar-volman (already included in the xfce4 base group). Additionally, udisks and a udisks wrapper are recommended if you want to automount optical and external drives easily.

Look and Feel

Add themes to XFCE

1. Go to www.xfce-look.org and click "Themes" in the left navbar. Look around for a theme you want and click "Download".

2. Go to the directory where you downloaded the tarball/file and extract it using Squeeze/Xarchiver/CLI.

3. Move the extracted folder to /usr/share/themes (for all users) or ~/.themes (for just you). Inside /usr/share/themes/abc, there is a folder that you create called xfwm4 that will contain whatever files that is included with that theme.

4. GTK theme is available here:

Menu --> Settings --> Appearance

You select your xfwm theme in:

Menu --> Settings --> Window Manager

Taming ugly applications

You may have noticed that by default, some applications do not follow your chosen theme, or when they do, they do so very poorly, with rather ugly, and sometimes difficult-to-use results. For most applications, this is because they use gtk3 or qt instead of gtk2. For instance, some checkboxes in gtk3's default theme do not look like they are checked, when they are. Archlinux does not (and will not) install any pretty gtk3 or qt themes automatically, in accordance with its minimalist philosophy. You will need to beautify these applications yourself. Luckily, this is very easy to do. Consult GTK+#GTK+ 3.x for gtk3 and consult Uniform Look for Qt and GTK Applications for qt.

Cursors

Main article: X11 Cursors

If you have alternative X cursor themes installed, Xfce can find them with:

Menu --> Settings --> Mouse --> Theme

Icons

1. First find and download your desired icon pack. Recommended places to download icons from are Customize.org, Opendesktop.org and Xfce-look.org; the AUR provides several PKGBUILDs for icon packs.
2. Go to the directory where you downloaded the icon pack and extract it. Example tar -xzf /home/user/downloads/icon-pack.tar.gz.
3. Move the extracted folder containing the icons to ~/.icons (if only you want to use the icons) or to /usr/share/icons (if you want all users on the system to make use of the icons), and in the lattter case consider creating a PKGBUILD for that.
4. Optional: run gtk-update-icon-cache -f -t ~/.icons/<theme_name> to update icon cache
5. Switch your icons by going to:

Menu --> Settings --> Appearance --> Icons

When you have icon theme problems, it is also recommended to install the hicolor-icon-theme package if it was not already installed.

Fonts

If you find the standard fonts rather thick and or slightly out of focus open Settings>Appearence click on the Fonts tab and under Hinting: change to Full

You could also try using a custom DPI setting.

Sound

Configuring xfce4-mixer

xfce4-mixer is the GUI mixer app / panel plugin made by the Xfce team. It is part of the xfce4 group, so you probably already have it installed. Xfce 4.6 uses gstreamer as the backend to control volume, so first you have to make gstreamer cooperate with xfce4-mixer. One or more of the gstreamer plugin packages listed as optional dependencies to xfce4-mixer must be installed. Without one of these required plugins packages, the following error arises when clicking on the mixer panel item.

 GStreamer was unable to detect any sound devices. Some sound system specific GStreamer packages may be missing. It may also be a permissions problem.

(It is probably not a permissions problem. It is no longer required to add audio users to the "audio" group.) Which plugins are needed depends on the hardware. Most people should be fine with gstreamer0.10-base-plugins which can be installed from Official Repositories.

If the xfce4-mixer panel item was already running before one of the plugins packages was installed, logout and login to see if it worked, or just remove the mixer plugin from the panel and add it again. If that does not work, you might need more or different gstreamer plugins. Try to install package gstreamer0.10-good-plugins or gstreamer0.10-bad-plugins.

If you had to change the soundcard in the audio mixer, then you should log out and back in to hear sound.

For further details, for example how to set the default sound card, see Advanced Linux Sound Architecture. Alternatively you can use PulseAudio together with pavucontrol.

Xfce4-mixer and OSS4

If you tried the above section to get xfce4-mixer to work and it does not work at all, then you may have to compile gstreamer0.10-good-plugins yourself. Download the PKGBUILD and other files needed from ABS or here, edit the PKGBUILD, add --enable-oss.

 ./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var \
   --enable-oss \
   --disable-static --enable-experimental \
   --disable-schemas-install \
   --disable-hal \
   --with-package-name="GStreamer Good Plugins (Archlinux)" \
   --with-package-origin="https://www.archlinux.org/"

and then run makepkg -i.

 makepkg -i

Other LINKS: OSS forum

Keyboard Volume Buttons

Go to

Settings --> Keyboard

Click the "Application Shortcuts" tab and add click the "Add" button. Add the following by entering the command, then pressing the corresponding button at the next window:

ALSA

For the raise volume button:

amixer set Master 5%+

For the lower volume button:

amixer set Master 5%-

For the mute button:

amixer set Master toggle

You can also run these commands to set the above commands to the standard XF86Audio keys:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p /commands/custom/XF86AudioRaiseVolume -n -t string -s "amixer set Master 5%+ unmute"
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p /commands/custom/XF86AudioLowerVolume -n -t string -s "amixer set Master 5%- unmute"
xfconf-query -c xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts -p /commands/custom/XF86AudioMute -n -t string -s "amixer set Master toggle"

If amixer set Master toggle does not work, try the PCM channel (amixer set PCM toggle) instead.

The channel must have a "mute" option for the toggle command to work. To check whether or not your Master channel supports toggling mute, run alsamixer in a terminal and look for the double M's (MM) under the Master channel. If they are not present, then it does not support the mute option. If, for example, you had to change the toggle button to use the PCM channel, make sure to also set the PCM channel as the Mixer Track under Xfce Mixer properties.

OSS

Use one of these scripts: http://www.opensound.com/wiki/index.php/Tips_And_Tricks#Using_multimedia_keys_with_OSS

If using ossvol (recommended), add:

ossvol -i 1

for the volume up button

ossvol -d 1

for the volume down button

ossvol -t

for the mute/unmute button

PulseAudio

For the raise volume button:

sh -c "pactl set-sink-mute 0 false ; pactl set-sink-volume 0 +1%"

For the lower volume button:

sh -c "pactl set-sink-mute 0 false ; pactl -- set-sink-volume 0 -1%"

For the mute button:

pactl set-sink-mute 0 toggle

These settings assume the device you want to control has index 0. Use pactl list sinks short to list sinks.

Xfce4-volumed

xfce4-volumed^AUR daemon from the AUR automatically maps volume keys of your keyboard to Xfce-mixer. Additionally you get OSD through Xfce4-notifyd when changing volume. Xfce4-volumed does not need any configuration and is started automatically with Xfce.

If you use pulseaudio and xfce4-volumed unmute does not work, try this:

$ xfconf-query -c xfce4-mixer -p /active-card -s `xfconf-query -c xfce4-mixer -p /sound-card`

Volumeicon

volumeicon is an alternative to xfce4-volumed in the community repo also handling keybindings and notifications through xfce4-notifyd.

Extra keyboard keys

If you are coming from another distro, you may be interested in enabling extra keys on your keyboard, see Extra Keyboard Keys.

Adding startup/boot sound

Arch does not have a built-in startup sound configuration tool, but there is a workaround by adding the following command to your Application Autostart settings:

aplay /boot/startupsound.wav

The file location and filename can be whatever you want, but naming it descriptively and putting it in /boot keeps things tidy.

xdg-open integration (Preferred Applications)

Most applications rely on xdg-open for opening a preferred application for a given file or URL.

In order for xdg-open and xdg-settings to detect and integrate with the XFCE desktop environment correctly, you need to install the xorg-xprop package.

If you do not do that, your preferred applications preferences (set by exo-preferred-applications) will not be obeyed. Installing the package and allowing xdg-open to detect that you are running XFCE makes it forward all calls to exo-open instead, which correctly uses all your preferred applications preferences.

To make sure xdg-open integration is working correctly, ask xdg-settings for the default web browser and see what the result is:

# xdg-settings get default-web-browser

If it replies with:

xdg-settings: unknown desktop environment

it means that it has failed to detect XFCE as your desktop environment, which is likely due to a missing xorg-xprop package.

Screenshots

XFCE has its own screenshot tool, xfce4-screenshooter. It is part of the xfce4-goodies group.

Print Screen key

Go to:

XFCE Menu  -->  Settings  -->  Keyboard  >>>  Application Shortcuts.

Add the "xfce4-screenshooter -f" command to use the "PrintScreen" key in order to take fullscreen screenshots. See screenshooter's man page for other optional arguments.

Alternatively, an independent screenshot program like scrot can be used.

Disable Terminal F1 and F11 shortcut

The xfce terminal binds F1 and F11 to help and fullscreen, respectively, which can make using programs like htop difficult. To disable those shortcuts, create or edit its configuration file, then log out and log back in. F10 can disabled in the Preferences menu.

~/.config/xfce4/terminal/accels.scm

(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/terminal-window/fullscreen" "")
(gtk_accel_path "<Actions>/terminal-window/contents" "")

Terminal color themes or pallets

Terminal color themes or pallets can be changed in GUI under Appearance tab in Preferences. These are the colors that are available to most console applications like Emacs, Vi and so on. Their settings are stored individually for each system user in ~/.config/xfce4/terminal/terminalrc file. There are also so many other themes to choose from. Check forums post [Colour Scheme Screenshots] for hundreds of available choices and themes.

Changing default color theme

XFCE's extra/terminal package comes with a darker color palette and colored text looks pretty horrid in default black background impeding user readability. Append the following in your terminalrc file for a lighter color theme, that is always visible in darker Terminal backgrounds.

~/.config/xfce4/terminal/terminalrc

ColorPalette5=#38d0fcaaf3a9
ColorPalette4=#e013a0a1612f
ColorPalette2=#d456a81b7b42
ColorPalette6=#ffff7062ffff
ColorPalette3=#7ffff7bd7fff
ColorPalette13=#82108210ffff

Terminal tango color theme

To switch to tango color theme, open with your favorite editor

~/.config/xfce4/terminal/terminalrc

And add(replace) these lines:

ColorForeground=White
ColorBackground=#323232323232
ColorPalette1=#2e2e34343636
ColorPalette2=#cccc00000000
ColorPalette3=#4e4e9a9a0606
ColorPalette4=#c4c4a0a00000
ColorPalette5=#34346565a4a4
ColorPalette6=#757550507b7b
ColorPalette7=#060698989a9a
ColorPalette8=#d3d3d7d7cfcf
ColorPalette9=#555557575353
ColorPalette10=#efef29292929
ColorPalette11=#8a8ae2e23434
ColorPalette12=#fcfce9e94f4f
ColorPalette13=#72729f9fcfcf
ColorPalette14=#adad7f7fa8a8
ColorPalette15=#3434e2e2e2e2
ColorPalette16=#eeeeeeeeecec

Colour management

xfce4-settings-manager does not yet have any colour management / calibration settings, nor is there any specific XFCE program to characterise your monitor.

Loading a profile

If you wish to load an icc profile (that you have previously created or downloaded) to calibrate your display on startup, you can download xcalib^AUR from AUR, then open the XFCE4 Settings Manager, click Session and Startup icon, the Autostart tab, and add a new entry where the command is /usr/bin/xcalib /path/to/your/profile.icc. You still need to tell your applications, which display profile should be used to have the displayed images colour managed.

Another option is dispwin. Dispwin not only calibrates the display, but also sets the _ICC_PROFILE atom in X so that some applications can use a "system" display profile instead of requiring the user to set the display profile manually (GIMP, Inkscape, darktable, UFRaw, etc.).

See ICC Profiles#Loading ICC Profiles for more information.

Creating a profile

If you wish to create an icc profile for your display (ie. characterising/profiling, e.g. with the ColorHug, or some other colorimeter, or a spectrophotometer, or "by eye"), the simplest option may be to install dispcalgui from AUR.

Another option is to install gnome-settings-daemon and gnome-color-manager (available in extra). In order to start the calibration from the command line, first do /usr/lib/gnome-settings-daemon/gnome-settings-daemon & (note: this might change your keyboard layout and who knows what else, so probably good to do it on a throwaway account), then colormgr get-devices and look for the "Device ID" line of your monitor. If this is e.g. "xrandr-Lenovo Group Limited", you start calibration with the command gcm-calibrate --device "xrandr-Lenovo Group Limited".

See ICC Profiles for more information.

Multiple Monitors

If you have configured X.org so that your display spans multiple monitors, usually when you login to an XFCE session, it will appear as if your monitors are simple clones of one another. You can use an xrandr tool to tweak your setup but if this is not called at an appropriate time in the startup sequence, some functionality may be lost with parts of your display being inaccessible to the mouse pointer.

A better way is to configure XFCE to match your desired display arrangement. However, at present (xfce-settings 4.10), there is no tool available to assist with configuring multiple monitors directly.

• The Settings -> Display tool does allow configuration of screen resolution, rotation and enabling individual monitors; warning: using this tool to adjust display settings will reset or lose settings made manually for properties not explicitly offered as buttons in the tool (see below).
• The Settings -> Settings Editor allows manipulation of all configuration items in particular the displays settings which are saved in the file displays.xml below

~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml

• Alternatively, the displays.xml can be edited using your favourite editor.

The main requirement for multiple monitors is their arrangement relative to one another. This can be controlled by setting the Position properties (X and Y) to suit; an (x,y) position of 0,0 corresponds to the top, left position of the monitor array. This is the default position for all monitors and if several monitors are enabled they will appear as a cloned display area extending from this point.

To extend the display area correctly across both monitors:

• for side-by-side monitors, set the X property of the rightmost monitor to equal the width of the left-most monitor
• for above-and-below monitors, set the Y property of the bottom monitor to equal the height of the upper monitor
• for other arrangements, set the X and Y properties of each monitor to correspond to your layout

Measurements are in pixels. As an example, a pair of monitors with nominal dimensions of 1920x1080 which are rotated by 90 and placed side-by-side can be configured with a displays.xml like this:

<channel name="displays" version="1.0">
 <property name="Default" type="empty">
   <property name="VGA-1" type="string" value="Idek Iiyama 23"">
     <property name="Active" type="bool" value="true"/>
     <property name="Resolution" type="string" value="1920x1080"/>
     <property name="RefreshRate" type="double" value="60.000000"/>
     <property name="Rotation" type="int" value="90"/>
     <property name="Reflection" type="string" value="0"/>
     <property name="Primary" type="bool" value="false"/>
     <property name="Position" type="empty">
       <property name="X" type="int" value="0"/>
       <property name="Y" type="int" value="0"/>
     </property>
   </property>
   <property name="DVI-0" type="string" value="Digital display">
     <property name="Active" type="bool" value="true"/>
     <property name="Resolution" type="string" value="1920x1080"/>
     <property name="RefreshRate" type="double" value="60.000000"/>
     <property name="Rotation" type="int" value="90"/>
     <property name="Reflection" type="string" value="0"/>
     <property name="Primary" type="bool" value="false"/>
     <property name="Position" type="empty">
       <property name="X" type="int" value="1080"/>
       <property name="Y" type="int" value="0"/>
     </property>
   </property>
 </property>
</channel>

Usually, editing settings in this way requires a logout/login to action them.

A new method for configuring multiple monitors will be available in the forthcoming xfce-settings 4.12 release.

XDG User Directories

freedesktop.org specifies the "well known" user directories like the desktop folder and the music folder. See Xdg user directories for detailed info.

SSH Agents

By default Xfce 4.10 will try to load gpg-agent or ssh-agent in that order during session initialization. To disable this, create an xfconf key using the following command:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-session -p /startup/ssh-agent/enabled -n -t bool -s false

To force using ssh-agent even if gpg-agent is installed, run the following instead:

xfconf-query -c xfce4-session -p /startup/ssh-agent/type -n -t string -s ssh-agent

To use GNOME Keyring, simply tick the checkbox Launch GNOME services on startup in the Advanced tab of Session Manager in Xfce's settings. This will also disable gpg-agent and ssh-agent.

Source: http://docs.xfce.org/xfce/xfce4-session/advanced

Troubleshooting

xfce4-power-manager

Power-related ACPI events can be configured using systemd via options from /etc/systemd/logind.conf to give control to xfce4-power-manager.

/etc/systemd/logind.conf

HandlePowerKey=ignore
HandleSuspendKey=ignore
HandleHibernateKey=ignore
HandleLidSwitch=ignore

This also solves the problem when the computer registers multiple suspend events.

xfce4 keeps blanking display

Xfce4 (as of 4.12) does not seem to respect monitor power settings in xfce4-power-manager. It attempts to run the screensaver every 10 minutes. You can check this by reading out the output of $ xset q. Run $ xset s noblank to stop it. Alternatively add the following configuration file to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ ( I would save it as 20-noblank.conf).

Section "ServerFlags"
	Option "BlankTime" "0"
EndSection

xfce4-xkb-plugin

There is a bug in version xfce4-xkb-plugin 0.5.4.1-1 which causes xfce4-xkb-plugin to lose keyboard, layout switching and compose key settings. As a workaround you may enable Use system defaults option in keyboard settings. To do so run

xfce4-keyboard-settings

Go to Layout tab and set the Use system defaults flag, then reconfigure xfce4-xkb-plugin.

Locales ignored with GDM

Add your locale to /var/lib/AccountsService/users/$USER (replace hu_HU.UTF-8 with your own locale):

[User]
Language=hu_HU.UTF-8
XSession=xfce

You may also do it with sed. Note the backslash before .UTF-8:

# sed -i 's/Language=.*/Language=hu_HU\.UTF-8/' /var/lib/AccountsService/users/$USER

Restart GDM to take effect.

Restore default settings

If for any reason you need to revert back to the default settings, try renaming ~/.config/xfce4-session/ and ~/.config/xfce4/

$ mv ~/.config/xfce4-session/ ~/.config/xfce4-session-bak
$ mv ~/.config/xfce4/ ~/.config/xfce4-bak

Logout and login for changes to take effect. If upon logging in you get an error window with the heading "Unable to load a failsafe session," see the Session Failure section on this page.

NVIDIA and xfce4-sensors-plugin

To detect and use sensors of nvidia gpu you need to install libxnvctrl^AUR and then recompile xfce4-sensors-plugin package.

Session failure

If the window manager does not load correctly, you maybe got a session error. Typical symptoms of this can include:

• the mouse is an X and/or does not appear at all
• window decorations have disappeared and windows cannot be closed
• "Window Manager" settings tool (xfwm4-settings) will not start, reporting

These settings cannot work with your current window manager (unknown)

• errors being reported by slim or your login manager like

No window manager registered on screen 0

Restarting xfce or rebooting your system may resolve the problem but more likely the problem is a corrupt session. Delete the session folder below the .cache folder:

$ rm -r ~/.cache/sessions/

Preferred Applications preferences have no effect

If you have set your preferred applications with exo-preferred-applications, but they do not seem to be taken into consideration, see #xdg-open integration (Preferred Applications)

Action Buttons/Missing Icons

This happens if icons for some actions (Suspend, Hibernate) are missing from the icon theme, or at least do not have the expected names. First, find out the currently used icon theme in the Settings Manager (→Appearance→Icons). Match this with a subdirectory of /usr/share/icons. For example, if the icon theme is GNOME, make a note of the directory name /usr/share/icons/gnome.

icontheme=/usr/share/icons/gnome

Make sure that the xfce4-power-manager is installed as this contains the needed icons. Now create symbolic links from the current icon theme into the hicolor icon theme.

ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/actions/xfpm-suspend.png   ${icontheme}/16x16/actions/system-suspend.png
ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/actions/xfpm-hibernate.png ${icontheme}/16x16/actions/system-hibernate.png
ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/22x22/actions/xfpm-suspend.png   ${icontheme}/22x22/actions/system-suspend.png
ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/22x22/actions/xfpm-hibernate.png ${icontheme}/22x22/actions/system-hibernate.png
ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/actions/xfpm-suspend.png   ${icontheme}/24x24/actions/system-suspend.png
ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/24x24/actions/xfpm-hibernate.png ${icontheme}/24x24/actions/system-hibernate.png
ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/actions/xfpm-suspend.png   ${icontheme}/48x48/actions/system-suspend.png
ln -s /usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/actions/xfpm-hibernate.png ${icontheme}/48x48/actions/system-hibernate.png

Log out and in again, and you should see icons for all actions.

Enable cedilla ç/Ç instead of ć/Ć

When you select the keyboard layout "U.S., alternative international" in Settings --> Keyboard --> Layout to enable accents, the typical combination for the cedilla ' + c results in ć instead of ç.To change this suffice edit files gtk.immodules for gtk-2.0 and immodules.cache for gtk-3.0 in line that contains "cedilla" adding both "en" in the list "az:ca:co:fr:gv:oc:pt:sq:tr:wa" but in alphabetical order, staying that way in /etc/gtk-2.0/gtk.immodules

"/usr/lib/gtk-2.0/2.10.0/immodules/im-cedilla.so" 
"cedilla" "Cedilla" "gtk20" "/usr/share/locale" "az:ca:co:en:fr:gv:oc:pt:sq:tr:wa"

and this in /usr/lib/gtk-3.0/3.0.0/immodules.cache

"/usr/lib/gtk-3.0/3.0.0/immodules/im-cedilla.so" 
"cedilla" "Cedilla" "gtk30" "/usr/share/locale" "az:ca:co:en:fr:gv:oc:pt:sq:tr:wa"

Then, do

# echo "export GTK_IM_MODULE=cedilla" >> /etc/environment

Done. Simply just close and reopen the gtk programs like gedit.

Non ASCII characters when mounting USB sticks

A common problem when automounting USB sticks formatted with fat filesystem is the inability to properly show characters as umlauts, ñ, ß, etc. This may be solved by changing the default iocharset to UTF-8, which is easily done adding a line to /etc/xdg/xfce4/mount.rc:

[vfat]
uid=<auto>
shortname=winnt
utf8=true
# FreeBSD specific option
longnames=true
flush=true

Note that when using utf-8, the system will distinct between upper- and lowercases, potentially corrupting your files, so be careful.

It is possible to mount vfat devices with flush option, so that when copying to USB sticks data flushes more often, thus making thunar's progress bar to stays up until finished. Adding async instead will speed up write ops, but make sure to use Eject option in Thunar to unmount the stick. Globally, mount options for storage devices present at boot can be set in fstab, and for other devices in udev rules.

Video tearing when Xfwm compositing is enabled

This is a known problem. Consider using a standalone compositor like Compton or Xcompmgr. Alternatively, you could replace your window manager with something like Compiz or Kwin (kwin-standalone-git^AUR) which provide their own compositors.

GTK themes not working with multiple monitors

Some configuration tools might corrupt displays.xml, which results in GTK themes under Applications Menu -> Settings -> Appearance ceasing to work. To fix the issue, delete ~/.config/xfce4/xfconf/xfce-perchannel-xml/displays.xml and reconfigure your screens.

See also

• http://docs.xfce.org/ - The complete documentation.
• Xfce-Look - Themes, wallpapers, and more.
• Xfce Wikia - How to edit the auto generated menu with the menu editor
• Xfce Wiki