MediaWiki

来自 Arch Linux 中文维基

MediaWiki是一个免费、开源的维基软件,用 PHP 写成;原本是为维基百科开发的。它也给 archwiki 提供了帮助。(详情查看 Special:VersionGitHub repository)。

安装[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

为了运行 MediaWiki 你需要三个组件:

如果要在 XAMPP 上安装 MediaWiki,参见 mw:Manual:Installing MediaWiki on XAMPP

Configuration[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

The steps to achieve a working MediaWiki configuration involve editing the PHP settings and adding the MediaWiki configuration snippets.

PHP[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

MediaWiki 需要 iconv 插件,所以需要把 /etc/php/php.ini 里面的 extension=iconv 取消注释。

可选插件:

  • 为了渲染缩略图,安装 ImageMagick 或者 php-gd(二选一)。如果安装的是后者,需要取消注释 extension=gd
  • 为了更高效率的 Unicode normalization,取消注释 extension=intl

启用你的数据库管理系统的 API:

Second, tweak the session handling or you might get a fatal error (PHP Fatal error: session_start(): Failed to initialize storage module[...]) by finding the session.save_path path. A good choice can be /var/lib/php/sessions or /tmp/.

/etc/php/php.ini
session.save_path = "/var/lib/php/sessions"

如果那个目录不存在,你要手动创建它,并更改权限:

# mkdir -p /var/lib/php/sessions/
# chown http:http /var/lib/php/sessions
# chmod go-rwx /var/lib/php/sessions

如果你使用了 PHP's open_basedir 并想 允许文件上传,你需要把 /var/lib/mediawiki/ 添加到里面去 (mediawikiimages/ 创建了指向 /var/lib/mediawiki/ 的符号链接)。

网站服务器[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Apache[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

按照 Apache HTTP Server#PHP 配置 PHP。

复制 /etc/webapps/mediawiki/apache.example.conf/etc/httpd/conf/extra/mediawiki.conf 并按需要修改它。 添加下面这一行到 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf:

Include conf/extra/mediawiki.conf

重启 httpd.service

注意: 默认示例文件 /etc/webapps/mediawiki/apache.example.conf 会覆盖 PHP 的 open_basedir 设置,可能会和其他页面产生冲突。 可以通过把以 php_admin_value 开头的行移到 <Directory> 标签之间来避免这个问题。而如果你运行了多个依赖同一个 server 的应用,你可以把这个值添加到 /etc/php/php.ini 里的 open_basedir 里,而不仅仅是放在 /etc/httpd/conf/extra/mediawiki.conf 里。

Nginx[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

对于 Nginx,请创建这样的一个文件:

/etc/nginx/mediawiki.conf
location / {
   index index.php;
   try_files $uri $uri/ @mediawiki;
}
location @mediawiki {
   rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php;
}
location ~ \.php?$ {
   include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
   fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
   fastcgi_index index.php;
   fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
   try_files $uri @mediawiki;
}
location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ {
   try_files $uri /index.php;
   expires max;
   log_not_found off;
}
# Restrictions based on the .htaccess files
location ~ ^/(cache|includes|maintenance|languages|serialized|tests|images/deleted)/ {
   deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(bin|docs|extensions|includes|maintenance|mw-config|resources|serialized|tests)/ {
   internal;
}
location ^~ /images/ {
   try_files $uri /index.php;
}
location ~ /\. {
   access_log off;
   log_not_found off; 
   deny all;
}
location /rest.php {
   try_files $uri $uri/ /rest.php?$args;
}

请确保已经安装了 php-fpm启动php-fpm7.service

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf添加一个 server 块,类似这样的:

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
server {
  listen 80;
  server_name mediawiki;
  root /usr/share/webapps/mediawiki;
  index index.php;
  charset utf-8;
# For correct file uploads
  client_max_body_size    100m; # Equal or more than upload_max_filesize in /etc/php/php.ini
  client_body_timeout     60;
  include mediawiki.conf;

}

最后,restart nginx.servicephp-fpm.service

Lighttpd[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

You should have Lighttpd installed and configured. "mod_alias" and "mod_rewrite" in server.modules array of lighttpd is required. Append to the lighttpd configuration file the following lines

/etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf
alias.url += ("/mediawiki" => "/usr/share/webapps/mediawiki/")
url.rewrite-once += (
                "^/mediawiki/wiki/upload/(.+)" => "/mediawiki/wiki/upload/$1",
                "^/mediawiki/wiki/$" => "/mediawiki/index.php",
                "^/mediawiki/wiki/([^?]*)(?:\?(.*))?" => "/mediawiki/index.php?title=$1&$2"
)

Restart the lighttpd.service daemon.

数据库[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

按照你所需要的数据库管理系统(DBMS)的文章配置数据库服务器:MariaDBPostgreSQLSQLiteMySQL

如果数据库密码不为空,MediaWiki会自动创建数据库(设置 MariaDB 密码的方法在 MariaDB#Reset the root password) 。否则你就需要手动创建数据库,详情参考: upstream instructions

LocalSettings.php[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

在浏览器里打开 wiki 的 URL (通常是 http://your_server/mediawiki/index.php) 并进行初始化配置。参考upstream instructions的步骤。

生成的 LocalSettings.php 文件是用来下载的,保存它到 /usr/share/webapps/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

The generated LocalSettings.php file is offered for download, save it to /etc/webapps/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php.

Since 1.38.0 it has a symbolic link included in /usr/share/webapps/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php.

警告: LocalSettings.php contains database connection settings, such as the usename and password, and the MediaWiki web-based updater password. Make sure only the root and http users have access to /etc/webapps/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php:
# chown root:http /etc/webapps/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php
# chmod 640 /etc/webapps/mediawiki/LocalSettings.php

This file defines the specific settings of your wiki. Whenever you upgrade the mediawiki package, it will not be replaced.

LDAP Auth[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

Use PluggableAuth and LDAP Stack. Pay attention to "Compatibility Matrix" section. Currently LDAP works only with PluggableAuth-5.7.

You need to install and add to config ldap stack extensions and PluggableAuth:

Then set up at least 3 variables:

  • $LDAPProviderDomainConfigProvider - whole ldap config (can be in json file)
  • $wgPluggableAuth_Config - list of auth plugins
$wgPluggableAuth_Config = array(
       array('plugin' => 'LDAPAuthentication2'),
       array('plugin' => 'LDAPAuthorization'),
);
  • and $LDAPProviderDefaultDomain

Do not forget to run php maintenance/update.php after configuration.

升级[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

参考 mw:Manual:Upgrading, 不要忘记运行:

# cd /usr/share/webapps/mediawiki
# php maintenance/update.php

Tips and tricks[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

数学 (texvc)[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

通常来说,安装 texvc[损坏的链接:package not found] 并在配置文件里启用它就可以了:

$wgUseTeX = true;

如果遇到问题,尝试提高以下的 shell 命令限制值:

$wgMaxShellMemory = 8000000;
$wgMaxShellFileSize = 1000000;
$wgMaxShellTime = 300;

Unicode[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

请确保PHP, Apache HTTP ServerMariaDB都用的是 UTF-8 编码。否则可能遇到因为编码不匹配导致的奇怪bug。

VisualEditor[编辑 | 编辑源代码]

The VisualEditor MediaWiki extension provides a rich-text editor for MediaWiki. Follow mw:Extension:VisualEditor to install it.