User:Karakurt/MPD ru

MPD (Music Player Daemon, Музыкальный Плеер Демон) - аудиоплеер с серверно-клиентной архитектурой. Проигрывает музыкальные файлы, организует плейлисты и поддерживает музыкальную библиотеку, исnпользуя при этом минимальное колическо ресурсов. Для управления необходим клиент.

Установка

Установите пакет mpd, или же mpd-git^AUR для тестовой версии.

Configuration

MPD может работать используя #Индивидуальные настройки или [[#Всесистемные настройки] (применяются ко всем пользователям). Так же можно запустить сразу #Несколько экземпляров MPD. Вопрос настройки зависит от последующего использования: индивидуальная настройка удобнее и гибче для собственного компьютера. Всесистемная настройка будет полезнее для аудиосервера с разными пользователями но одним процессом MPD.

Для работы необходима настроенная ALSA, по желанию вместе с PulseAudio. В разделе #Настройка Аудио ниже указаны необходимые параметрыдля ALSA или PulseAudio.

Конфигурация MPD происходит через файл mpd.conf(5), местоположение которого зависит от выбранного метода настройки (всесистемная или индивидуальная). Если кратко, вот два основных места:

~/.config/mpd/mpd.conf для индивидуальной настройки, проверяется первым,
/etc/mpd.conf всесистемная настройка.

Часто встречающиеся параметры:

pid_file - Файл в котором MPD хранит свой PID
db_file - библиотека музыки
state_file - текущее состояние MPD
playlist_directory - папка для хранения плейлистов
music_directory - директория в которой находится музыка
sticker_file -база стикеров

Per-user configuration

MPD can be configured per-user. Running it as a normal user has the benefits of:

Regrouping into one single directory ~/.config/mpd/ (or any other directory under $HOME) all the MPD configuration files.
Avoiding unforeseen directory and file permission errors.

Configure the location of files and directories

In user mode, the configuration is read from $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/mpd/mpd.conf. We will assume here $XDG_CONFIG_HOME equals the default of ~/.config.

To build the user configuration, the MPD configuration example included in the package is a good starting point, copy it using the following lines:

$ mkdir ~/.config/mpd
$ cp /usr/share/doc/mpd/mpdconf.example ~/.config/mpd/mpd.conf

A good practice is to use this newly created ~/.config/mpd/ directory to store, together with the configuration file, other MPD related files like the database or the playlists. The user must have read write access to this directory.

Then edit the configuration file in order to specify the required and optional files and directories:

~/.config/mpd/mpd.conf

# Recommended location for database
db_file            "~/.config/mpd/database"

# Logs to systemd journal
log_file           "syslog"

# The music directory is by default the XDG directory, uncomment to amend and choose a different directory
#music_directory    "~/music"

# Uncomment to refresh the database whenever files in the music_directory are changed
#auto_update "yes"

# Uncomment to enable the functionalities
#playlist_directory "~/.config/mpd/playlists"
#pid_file           "~/.config/mpd/pid"
#state_file         "~/.config/mpd/state"
#sticker_file       "~/.config/mpd/sticker.sql"

If playlists are enabled in the configuration, the specified playlist directory must be created:

$ mkdir ~/.config/mpd/playlists

MPD can now be started (an optional custom location for the configuration file can be specified):

$ mpd [config_file]

In order to build the database file, MPD must scan into the music_directory defined above. To request this task, one of the MPD clients must be used. For example with mpc the command is:

$ mpc update

or alternatively one can set the option auto_update to "yes" in the configuration to refresh the database whenever files are changed in music_directory.

Audio configuration

If ALSA is used, autodetection of the default device should work out of the box without any particular setting. If not, the syntax for ALSA audio output definition is provided thereafter; the required name parameter specifies a unique name for the audio output. The exact device as displayed using aplay --list-pcm from the package alsa-utils can optionally be indicated with the device option.

~/.config/mpd/mpd.conf

audio_output {
        type          "alsa"
        name          "ALSA sound card"
        # Optional
        #device        "iec958:CARD=Intel,DEV=0"
        #mixer_control "PCM"
}

Users of PulseAudio will need to make the following modification:

~/.config/mpd/mpd.conf

audio_output {
        type            "pulse"
        name            "pulse audio"
}

Autostart with systemd

The mpd package provides a user service file. The service starts the process as user, there is no need to change permission nor use the user and group variables in the MPD configuration file.

start/enable the user unit mpd.service (i.e. with the --user flag).

Note: The configuration file is read from ~/.config/mpd/mpd.conf, see systemd#Editing provided units if you would like to indicate a custom configuration file path.

Autostart on tty login

To start MPD on login add the following to ~/.profile or another autostart file:

# MPD daemon start (if no other user instance exists)
[ ! -s ~/.config/mpd/pid ] && mpd

Scripted configuration

The mpd-configure tool creates a MPD configuration optimized for bit perfect audio playback, without any resampling or conversion, using the ALSA interface hardware address (hw:x,y).

System-wide configuration

Note: Users of PulseAudio with a system-wide MPD configuration have to implement a workaround in order to run MPD as its own user!

The default /etc/mpd.conf keeps the setup in /var/lib/mpd which is assigned to user as well as primary group MPD.

Music directory

The music directory is defined by the option music_directory in the configuration file /etc/mpd.conf.

MPD needs to have execute permission on all parent directories of the music collection and also read access to all directories containing music files. This may conflict with the default configuration of the user directory, like ~/Music, where the music is stored.

While there are several solutions to this issue, one of these should be most practical:

Switch to the #Per-user configuration mode instead
Add the mpd user to the user's group and grant group execute permission to the user directory. This way the mpd user has permission to open the user directory:

# gpasswd -a mpd user_group
$ chmod 710 /home/user_directory

Store the music collection in a different path, either:
- by moving it entirely,
- with a bind mount,
- or with Btrfs#Subvolumes (you should make this change persistent with an entry to /etc/fstab ).

The MPD configuration file must define only one music directory. If the music collection is contained under multiple directories, create symbolic links under the main music directory in /var/lib/mpd. Remember to set permissions accordingly on the directories being linked.

To exclude a file - or files - from the update, create a file called .mpdignore in its parent directory. Each line of that file may contain a list of shell wildcards. Matching files in the current directory and all subdirectories are then excluded from subsequent updates.

Note: MPD is capable of reading music files within some archive file formats, and will add those during an update if they're in the music folder; tar is known to be an exception.

Start with systemd

MPD can be controlled with mpd.service using systemd. The first startup can take some time as MPD will scan your music directory.

Test everything by starting a client application (ncmpc is a light and easy to use client), and play some music!

Socket activation

mpd provides a mpd.socket unit. If mpd.socket is enabled (and mpd.service is disabled), systemd will not start MPD immediately, it will just listen to the appropriate sockets. Then, whenever an MPD client attempts to connect to one of these sockets, systemd will start mpd.service and transparently hand over control of these ports to the MPD process.

If you prefer to listen to different UNIX sockets or network ports (even multiple sockets of each type), or if you prefer not to listen to network ports at all, edit the mpd.socket unit appropriately and modify /etc/mpd.conf to match the configuration (see mpd.conf(5) for details).

User id startup workflow

MPD should never run as root, you may use the user option in the configuration to make MPD change its user id after initialization. Do not use this option if you start MPD as an unprivileged user. To describe how MPD drops its superuser privileges and switch to those of the user set in the configuration, the steps of a normal MPD startup are listed thereafter:

Since MPD is started as root by systemd, it first reads the /etc/mpd.conf file.
MPD reads the user variable in the configuration, and changes from root to this user.
MPD then reads the rest of the configuration file and configures itself accordingly. Uses of ~ in the configuration file points to the home user's directory, and not root's directory.

Multi-MPD setup

Running an Icecast server

For a second MPD (e.g. with Icecast output to share music over the network) using the same music and playlist as the one above, simply copy the above configuration file and make a new file (e.g., /home/username/.mpd/config-icecast), and only change the log_file, error_file, pid_file, and state_file parameters (e.g. mpd-icecast.log, mpd-icecast.error, and so on). Using the same directory paths for the music and playlist directories would ensure that this second MPD uses the same music collection as the first one, e.g. creating and editing a playlist under the first daemon would affect the second daemon as well. Users do not have to create the same playlists all over again for the second daemon. Call this second daemon the same way from ~/.xinitrc above - but be sure to have a different port number, avoiding a conflict with the first MPD daemon.

Satellite setup

The method described in #Running an Icecast server works, but at least in theory could lead to issues with the database, when both MPD instances try to write to the same database file concurrently. MPD has a satellite mode where one instance can receive the database from an already running MPD instance.

In your config-icecast add this, where host and port reflect your primary MPD server:

database {
    plugin "proxy"
    host "localhost"
    port "6600"
}

Clients

A separate client is needed to control MPD. See a long list of clients at the mpd website. Popular options are:

Command-line

mpc — Command line user interface for MPD server written in C.

http://www.musicpd.org/clients/mpc/ || mpc

Console

clerk — MPD client using Rofi.

https://github.com/carnager/clerk || clerk-git^AUR

FMUI — Console user interface created with fzf and mpc.

https://github.com/seebye/fmui || fmui-git^AUR

ncmpc — Ncurses client for MPD written in C++.

http://www.musicpd.org/clients/ncmpc/ || ncmpc

ncmpcpp — Almost exact clone of ncmpc, written in C++ with some additional features (tag editor, search engine).

http://ncmpcpp.rybczak.net/ || ncmpcpp

ncmpy — Curses-based MPD client written in Python.

https://repo.cykerway.com/ncmpy || ncmpy^AUR

nncmpp — Yet another MPD client. It is in effect a simplified TUI version of Sonata.

https://git.janouch.name/p/nncmpp/ || nncmpp-git^AUR

pms — Highly configurable and accessible ncurses client written in Go.

https://ambientsound.github.io/pms/ || pmus-git^AUR

vimpc — Ncurses based MPD client with vi-like key bindings.

https://github.com/boysetsfrog/vimpc || vimpc-git^AUR

Graphical

Ario — Very feature-rich GTK3 GUI client for MPD, inspired by Rhythmbox.

http://ario-player.sourceforge.net/ || ario

Cantata — High-feature, Qt5 client for MPD with very configurable interface.

https://github.com/CDrummond/cantata || cantata

CoverGrid — GTK3 GUI client focusing on albums instead of single tracks.

https://www.suruatoel.xyz/codes/mcg || mcg^AUR

GMPC — Gnome Music Player Client. GTK frontend for MPD. It is designed to be lightweight and easy to use, while providing full access to all of MPD's features. Users are presented with several different methods to browse through their music. It can be extended by plugins, of which many are available.

http://gmpclient.org/ || gmpc^AUR