Archboot (简体中文)
From ArchWiki
Contents
Archboot是什么?
- Archboot是一组启动CD/USB/PXE等启动介质的脚本。
- 它用来安装或者恢复系统。它带有TUI界面，适合新手使用
- 它不依赖于任何文件系统，只能运行在内存中，因此需要你有足够的内存。
安装
pacman -S archboot
Archboot的发布
- 提供ISO镜像文件和BT种子，并且包含i686和x86_64的core库。
- 请阅读变更记录文件（Changelog）来确认对内存的需求。
- 使用前请检查md5sum。
- |下载最新版的archboot版livecd（中科大镜像源） / [1] / [2]
Supported boot modes of Archboot media
- It supports BIOS booting with syslinux.
- It supports UEFI booting with gummiboot and EFISTUB,
- for booting LTS kernels with efilinux-efi .
- (only UEFI USB is supported, UEFI CD booting is not supported!)
- It supports grub's iso loopback support.
- variables used (below for example):
- iso_loop_dev=UUID=XXXX
- iso_loop_path=/blah/archboot.iso
- It supports booting using syslinux's memdisk (only in BIOS mode).
烧录发布
Hybrid镜像是一个CD和硬盘镜像。
- 可以用来刻录CD(RW)光盘.
- 可以使用'dd' 或者 similar 工具写入磁盘介质. 这种方法也可用用来制作USB盘。
'dd if=<imagefile> of=/dev/<yourdevice> bs=1M'
PXE 启动 / 恢复系统
Download 2012.10 „2k12-R4“需要的文件:
- vmlinuz_i686 + initramfs_i686.img (i686)
- vmlinuz_x86_64 + initramfs_x86_64.img(x86_64)
- vmlinuz_i686_lts + initramfs_i686.img (i686 LTS kernel)
- vmlinuz_x86_64_lts + initramfs_x86_64.img (x86_64 LTS kernel)
- For PXE booting add the kernel and initrd to your tftp setup and you will get a running installation/rescue system.
- For Rescue booting add a entry to your bootloader pointing to the kernel and initrd.
News
2012.10 „2k12-R4“
- major update/cleanup on all components
General
- kernel: 3.17.3-1
- pacman: 4.1.2-6
- systemd: 217-6
- RAM recommendations: 640 MB
Environment changes
- changed UEFI booting on USB media to use gummiboot with EFISTUB,
- for booting LTS kernels in UEFI use efilinux-efi
- Removal of UEFI CD booting support (only UEFI USB is supported)
- added grub's iso loopback support
- (below for example):
- iso_loop_dev=UUID=XXXX
- iso_loop_path=/blah/archboot.iso
- added memdisk boot support (only in BIOS mode)
- change to zsh as default shell
- change to systemd live environment
- replace binaries with corresponding symlinks, saves 40MB RAM
- synced with latest mkinitcpio changes
- replaced cpufreq with cpupower
- generate enough entropy for pacman with haveged during boot
- login with agetty autologin
- added arch-install-scripts, arch-wiki-lite, gpg-agent, grub(2), xl2tpd,
- usb_modeswitch, wvdial, amd and intel ucode,
- refind-efi, efilinux-efi and gummiboot-efi to live environment
- updated mirrorlist
- added memdisk support
- removed grub legacy
- removed rtc hook
setup changes
- HIGHLIGHT:
- new network setup with netcfg
- now supports wifi and lan setup
- added checkspace before install packages
- use new crypttab syntax
- added 1MB gap on autoprepare between partitions,
- to avoid mdadm issues
- added grub loopback and memdisk mount support
- added refind-efi, gummiboot-efi and efilinux-efi support
- fixed unmounting of partitions on deeper locations
- fixed check on virtio media
- update to new config file layout
- in order to respect the rc.conf cleanup
- hide kernel messages during mounting
- hide parted errors during checks
- added PARTUUID and PARTLABEL support
- added option to copy pacman entropy to installed system
- added initscripts/systemd switch (default: systemd installation)
- more systemd fixes
- removed grub legacy
- fix permission on /sys and /proc during installation
quickinst changes
- remove bootloader information
- added checkspace before install packages
- added initscripts/systemd switch (default: systemd installation)
- fix permission on /sys and /proc during installation
历史
发布历史可以从 这里 找到.
与正式发布的区别
- It provides an additional interactive setup and quickinst script.
- It contains [core] repository on media.
- It provides the long time support kernel as boot and installation option.
- It runs a modified Arch Linux system in initramfs.
- It is restricted to RAM usage, everything which is not necessary like
- man or info pages etc. is not provided.
- It doesn't mount anything during boot process.
设置特性
- Media and Network installation mode
- Changing keymap and consolefont
- Changing time and date
- Setup network with netcfg
- Preparing storage disk, like auto-prepare, partitioning, GUID (gpt) support, 4k sector drive support etc.
- Creation of software raid/raid partitions, lvm2 devices and luks encrypted devices
- Supports standard linux,raid/raid_partitions,dmraid,lvm2 and encrypted devices
- Filesystem support: ext2/3/4, btrfs, nilfs2, reiserfs,xfs,jfs,ntfs-3g,vfat
- Name scheme support: PARTUUID, PARTLABEL, FSUUID, FSLABEL and KERNEL
- Mount support of grub loopback and memdisk installation media
- Package selection support
- Signed package installation
- hwdetect script is used for preconfiguration
- Auto/Preconfiguration of framebuffer, uvesafb, kms mode, fstab, mkinitcpio.conf, rc.conf, systemd, crypttab and mdadm.conf
- Configuration of basic system files
- Setting root password
- grub-bios, grub-efi-x86_64, grub-efi-i386, refind-efi-x86_64, gummiboot, efilinux-efi, lilo, extlinux/syslinux, bootloader support
启动参数
通用启动参数
- earlymodules
- load modules before hooks are executed
- Usage:
- earlymodules=<comma-separated-array>
- earlymodules=ahci,ehci-hcd
- disablehooks
- disable a hook which is run during bootup
- Usage:
- disablehooks=<comma-separated-array>
- disablehooks=arch_floppy,arch_cdrom
- root
- Using this option will boot you into your specified existing system.
- Usage:
- root=/dev/<your-root-of-installed-system>
- root=/dev/sda3
- rootflags
- Using this option will pass special mount options for your root device
- Usage:
- rootflags=<comma-separated-array>
- rootflags=subvol=root,compress,ssd
- lvmwait=
- Using parameter followed by a comma-separated list of device names can be given on the command line.
- It will cause the hook to wait until all given devices exist before trying to scan and activate any volume groups.
- Usage:
- lvmwait=/dev/mapper/device1,/dev/mapper/device2
- advanced
- This will override advanced hooks running order for your system.
- Default order is arch_mdadm,arch_lvm2,arch_encrypt
- Advanced hooks are: arch_mdadm,arch_lvm2,arch_encrypt
- Usage:
- advanced=hook1,hook2,hook3
- advanced=arch_encrypt,arch_mdadm
- ide-legacy
- This will turn on the old IDE subsystem. This is only needed, if your system does not support the new PATA subsystem.
- only valid parameter on LTS kernel images
- arch-addons
- You want to load external addon packages or configs into the install environment.
- Place external addon packages in /packages directory of your external device.
- Place external configs in /config directory of your external device.
视频和framebuffer 选项
- uvesafb
- enables uvesafb mode during boot and activates setup routine to use it later on installed system.
- you need to specify your supported resolution eg.:
- uvesafb=<resolution>-<depth>
- uvesafb=1024x768-16
- fbmodule
- Loads the fb module you specify durin boot process and activates setup routine to use it later on installed system.
- Use it like this fbmodule=<yourmodule>, e.g. fbmodule=cirrusfb
问题, Known Issues and limitations
- Release specific known issues and workarounds are posted in changelog files.
- Check also the forum threads for posted fixes and workarounds.
- Why screen stays blank or other weird screen issues happen?
- Some hardware doesn't like the KMS activation, use radeon.modeset=0 or i915.modeset=0 on boot prompt.
- Why are /etc/modprobe.d/sound_persistent.conf and /etc/udev/rules.d/network_persistent.rules created?
- These 2 files ensure persistent ordering of network and soundcards, else it might happen that the order changes during every boot.
- dmraid might be broken on some boards, support is not perfect here.
- The reason is there are so many different hardware components out there. At the moment 1.0.0rc16 is included, with latest fedora patchset.
- grub2 cannot detect correct bios boot order:
- It may happen that hd(x,x) entries are not correct, thus first reboot may not work.
- Reason: grub cannot detect bios boot order.
- Fix: Either change bios boot order or change menu.lst to correct entries after successful boot. This cannot be fixed it is a restriction in grub/grub2!
- Why is parted used in setup routine, instead of cfdisk in msdos partitiontable mode?
- parted is the only linux partition program that can handle all type of things the setup routine offers.
- cfdisk cannot handle GPT/GUID nor it can allign partitions correct with 1MB spaces for 4k sector disks.
- cfdisk is a nice tool but is too limited to be the standard partitioner anymore.
- cfdisk is still included but has to be run in an other terminal.
UEFI 参考
- Create UEFI bootable USB from ISO[broken link: invalid section]
- Remove UEFI boot support from ISO[broken link: invalid section]
Bugs
链接
Usbstick 恢复
Take care about which device actually is your USB stick. The next command will render all data on /dev/sdX inaccessible.
- First, wipe the bootsector of the USB stick:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX bs=512 count=1
- Then, create a new FAT32 partition on the stick and write a FAT32 filesystem on it (vfat or type b in fdisk terminology):
fdisk /dev/sdX <<EOF n p 1 t b w EOF mkdosfs -F32 /dev/sdX1
建立镜像文件
如何建立Archboot Allinone ISO
(Quick regeneration of installation media with latest available core packages)
前提条件
- x86_64环境
- archboot的iso
- 3G以上的硬盘空间
建立archboot chroots
# 安装 archboot pacman -S archboot # 以loop设备挂载archboot镜像文件 mount -o loop <imagefile> <imagepath> # 建立 x86_64 chroot mkdir <x86_64_chroot> /usr/share/archboot/installer/quickinst media <x86_64_chroot> <imagepath>/core-x86_64/pkg # 建立 i686 chroot mkdir <i686_chroot> linux32 /usr/share/archboot/installer/quickinst media <i686_chroot> <imagepath>/core-i686/pkg # 卸载光盘镜像文件 umount <imagepath>
- 挂载并复制文件到chroot目录下:
mount -o bind /dev <chrootpath>/dev mount -o bind /tmp <chrootpath>/tmp mount -o bind /sys <chrootpath>/sys mount -o bind /proc <chrootpath>/proc cp -a /etc/mtab <chrootpath>/etc/mtab cp /etc/resolv.conf <chrootpath>/etc/resolv.conf
- 进入 archboot x86_64 chroot:
chroot <chrootpath>
- 进入 archboot i686 chroot:
linux32 chroot <chrootpath>
安装和更新archboot
# 安装 in both chroots archboot: pacman -S archboot # 更新 in both chroots to latest available packages pacman -Syu
生成镜像
# 运行 in both chroots (needs quite some time ...) archboot-allinone.sh -t # put the generated tarballs in one directory and run (needs quite some time ...) archboot-allinone.sh -g
- Finished you get a burnable iso image, a rawwrite usb image and a hybrid image which is both in one.
- 在离开chroot时记得卸载它们:
umount <chrootpath>/dev umount <chrootpath>/tmp umount <chrootpath>/sys umount <chrootpath>/proc
Have fun! tpowa (Archboot Developer)